IEC 60695-2-13:2021
(Main)Fire hazard testing - Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
Fire hazard testing - Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods - Glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
IEC 60695-2-13:2021 specifies the details of the glow-wire test to be applied to test specimens of solid electrical insulating materials or other solid materials for ignitability testing to determine the glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT). The GWIT is the temperature which is 25 K (or 30 K) higher than the maximum test temperature, determined during this standardized procedure, at which the tested material does not ignite, or sustained flaming combustion does not occur for a time longer than 5 s for any single flame event and the specimen is not totally consumed. This test is a materials test carried out on a series of standard test specimens. The data obtained, along with data from the glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials, IEC 60695-2-12, can then be used in a preselection process in accordance with IEC 60695-1-30 [4] to judge the ability of materials to meet the requirements of IEC 60695-2-11. This basic safety publication focusing on safety test method(s) is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of safety publications in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51. One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications. This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-10. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010 and Amendment 1:2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- New terms and definitions with regards to times and durations have been added to Clause 3, with an effect on the application of the test method.
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu - Partie 2-13: Essais au fil incandescent/chauffant - Méthode d'essai de température d'allumage au fil incandescent (GWIT) pour matériaux
L'IEC 60695-2-13:2021 décrit l’essai au fil incandescent applicable à des éprouvettes d’essai de matériaux isolants électriques solides ou autres matériaux solides pour les essais d’allumage dans le but de déterminer la température d'allumage au fil incandescent (GWIT, glow-wire ignition temperature). La GWIT est la température qui est supérieure de 25 K (ou 30 K) à la température d'essai maximale, déterminée durant cette procédure normalisée, à laquelle le matériau soumis à l’essai ne s’enflamme pas, ou une combustion avec flamme persistante ne se produit pas pendant une durée supérieure à 5 s pour un événement d’inflammation unique quelconque et l'éprouvette d’essai n'est pas entièrement consumée. Cet essai est un essai de matériaux exécuté sur une série d’éprouvettes d’essai normalisées. Les données obtenues, ainsi que les données issues de la méthode d’essai d'indice d'inflammabilité au fil incandescent (GWFI, glow-wire flammability index) pour matériaux, IEC 60695-2-12, peuvent alors être utilisées dans un processus de présélection conformément à l’IEC 60695-1-30 [4] pour estimer l'aptitude des matériaux à satisfaire aux exigences de l’IEC 60695 2 11. La présente publication fondamentale de sécurité, fondée sur la ou les méthodes d'essai de sécurité, est essentiellement destinée à être utilisée par les comités d’études dans le cadre de l’élaboration de publications de sécurité conformément aux principes établis dans le Guide IEC 104 et le Guide ISO/IEC 51. L’une des responsabilités d’un comité d’études consiste, le cas échéant, à utiliser les publications fondamentales de sécurité dans le cadre de l’élaboration de ses publications. Cette norme doit être utilisée conjointement avec l’IEC 60695-2-10. Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 2010 et l'Amendement 1:2014. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
- Ajout à l’Article 3 de nouveaux termes et définitions, ayant rapport aux moments et durées, applicables à la méthode d'essai.
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Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire ignition
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IEC 60695-2-13 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-08
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
HORIZONTAL PUBLICATION
Fire hazard testing –
Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire ignition
temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 13.220.40; 29.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-4438-8
– 2 – IEC 60695-2-13:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references. 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Test specimens . 8
4.1 Test specimen preparation . 8
4.2 Test specimen dimensions . 8
4.3 Testing ranges in formulations . 9
4.3.1 General . 9
4.3.2 Density, melt flow, and filler/reinforcement . 9
4.3.3 Colour . 9
5 Apparatus . 9
6 Temperature measuring system verification . 9
7 Conditioning and test conditions . 10
7.1 Conditioning of test specimens . 10
7.2 Testing conditions . 10
8 Test procedure . 10
8.1 General . 10
8.2 Initial test temperatures . 10
8.3 Test temperatures . 10
9 Observations and measurements . 11
9.1 General .
9.1 Initial observations . 11
9.2 Test observations . 11
10 Evaluation of test results . 12
10.1 Test criteria . 12
10.2 Glow-wire ignition temperature . 12
11 Test report. 12
Bibliography . 13
Table 1 – Initial test temperatures . 10
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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This redline version of the official IEC Standard allows the user to identify the changes
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deletions are in strikethrough red text.
– 4 – IEC 60695-2-13:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
IEC 60695-2-13 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89: Fire hazard testing. It is
an International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010 and
Amendment 1:2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) New terms and definitions with regards to times and durations have been added to
Clause 3, with an effect on the application of the test method.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
89/1538/FDIS 89/1546/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement,
available at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by
IEC are described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
This standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-10.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 60695 series, under the general title Fire hazard testing, can
be found on the IEC web site.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
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INTRODUCTION
In electrotechnical equipment, overheated metal parts can act as ignition sources. In glow-
wire tests an electrically heated wire is used to simulate such an ignition source.
IEC 60695-2-10 describes a glow-wire test apparatus and common test procedure,
IEC 60695-2-11 describes a glow-wire flammability test for end products, and IEC 60695-2-12
describes a glow-wire flammability index test method for materials.
In the design of any electrotechnical product, the risk of fire and the potential hazards
associated with fire need to be considered. In this respect the objective of component, circuit,
and product design, as well as the choice of materials, is to reduce to acceptable levels the
potential risks of fire during normal operating conditions, reasonable foreseeable abnormal
use, malfunction and/or failure. IEC 60695-1-10 [1] , together with its companion
IEC 60695-1-11 [2], has been developed to provide guidance on how this is to be
accomplished.
The primary aims of IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11 are to provide guidance on how to:
a) prevent ignition caused by an electrically energized component part, and
b) confine any resulting fire within the bounds of the enclosure of the electrotechnical product
in the event of ignition.
Secondary aims of IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11 include the minimization of any flame
spread beyond the product’s enclosure and the minimization of the harmful effects of fire
effluents such as heat, smoke, toxicity and/or corrosivity.
Fires involving electrotechnical products can also be initiated from external non-electrical
sources. Considerations of this nature should be are normally dealt with in the overall fire
hazard assessment.
In electrotechnical equipment, overheated metal parts can act as ignition sources. In glow-
wire tests, a glowing wire is used to simulate such an ignition source.
IEC 60695-2-10 describes a glow-wire test apparatus and common test procedure,
IEC 60695-2-11 [3] describes a glow-wire flammability test for end products, and
IEC 60695-2-12 describes a glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials.
This document describes a glow-wire ignition temperature test method for materials. It should
is intended to be used to measure, describe, and rank the properties of materials in response
to heat caused by contact with an electrically heated wire under controlled laboratory
conditions. This may be useful for the evaluation of materials for use in products that may be
exposed to excess thermal stress such as a fault current flowing through a wire, overloading of
components, and/or bad connections. It should is not intended to be used to solely describe or
appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
conditions. However, results of this test may can be used as elements of a fire hazard
assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to a particular end
use.
This document may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. It does not
purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
___________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the bibliography.
– 6 – IEC 60695-2-13:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60695 specifies the details of the glow-wire test to be applied to test
specimens of solid electrical insulating materials or other solid materials for ignitability testing
to determine the glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT).
The GWIT is the temperature which is 25 K (or 30 K) higher than the maximum test
temperature, determined during this standardized procedure, at which the tested material
does not ignite, or sustained flaming combustion does not occur for a time longer than 5 s for
any single flame event and the specimen is not totally consumed.
This test is a materials test carried out on a series of standard test specimens. The data
obtained, along with data from the glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for
materials, IEC 60695-2-12, can then be used in a preselection process in accordance with
IEC 60695-1-30 [4] to judge the ability of materials to meet the requirements of
IEC 60695-2-11.
NOTE As an outcome of conducting a fire hazard assessment, an appropriate series of preselection flammability
and ignition tests may can allow a reduction of end product testing.
This basic safety publication focusing on safety test method(s) is primarily intended for use by
technical committees in the preparation of standards safety publications in accordance with
the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of
basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications. The requirements, test methods
or test conditions of this basic safety publication will not apply unless specifically referred to
or included in the relevant publications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60695-1-30:2008, Fire hazard testing – Part 1.30: Guidance for assessing the fire hazard
of electrotechnical products – Preselection testing process – General guidelines
IEC 60695-2-10:2000, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-10: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire apparatus and common test procedure
IEC 60695-2-12, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-12: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials
IEC 60695-4:2021, Fire hazard testing – Part 4: Terminology concerning fire tests for
electrotechnical products
IEC Guide 104, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications
and group safety publications
ISO/IEC Guide 51, Safety aspects – Guidelines for inclusion in standards
ISO 291:2008, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 293, Plastics – Compression moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials
ISO 294 (all parts), Plastics – Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials
ISO 295, Plastics – Compression moulding of test specimens of thermosetting materials
ISO 13943:2017, Fire safety – Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO /IEC 13943:2017
and IEC 60695-4:2012, some of which are reproduced below for the user's convenience, and
in IEC 60695-2-10 regarding times and durations, and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
combustion
exothermic reaction of a substance with an oxidizing agent
Note 1 to entry: Combustion generally emits fire effluent accompanied by flames and/or glowing.
[SOURCE: ISO /IEC 13943: 2008, definition 4.46 ISO 13943:2017, 3.55]
3.2
flame, noun
rapid, self-sustaining, sub-sonic propagation of combustion in a gaseous medium, usually with
emission of light
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943: 2008, definition 4.133 ISO 13943:2017, 3.159]
3.3
flame event
sustained flaming and/or glowing combustion
3.4
flammability
ability of a material or product to burn with a flame under specified conditions
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943: 2008, definition 4.151 ISO 13943:2017, 3.178]
3.5
glowing, noun
luminosity caused by heat
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.168 ISO 13943:2017, 3.196]
– 8 – IEC 60695-2-13:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
3.6
glowing combustion
combustion of a material in the solid phase without flame but with emission of light from the
combustion zone
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.169 ISO 13943:2017, 3.197]
3.7
ignitability
ease of ignition
measure of the ease with which a test specimen can be ignited, under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: See also ignition temperature, flash ignition temperature, minimum ignition temperature and
spontaneous ignition temperature
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.182 ISO 13943:2017, 3.212]
3.8
ignition
DEPRECATED: sustained ignition
initiation of combustion
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.187 ISO 13943:2017, 3.217]
3.9
ignition
DEPRECATED: sustained ignition
initiation of sustained flame
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.188 ISO 13943:2017, 3.218]
3.10
preselection
process of assessing and choosing candidate materials, components or subassemblies for
making an end product
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-1-30:2008, definition 3.2 IEC 60695-4:2012, 3.2.21]
4 Test specimens
4.1 Test specimen preparation
Test specimens shall be fabricated using the appropriate ISO method, e.g. casting and
injection moulding in accordance with the ISO 294 series, compression moulding in
accordance with ISO 293 or ISO 295, or transfer moulding to the necessary shape as
specified in 4.2. Where this is not possible, the test specimen shall be cut and/or sliced from a
representative sample of the material (for example, produced using the same fabrication
process as would be used to mould a part of a product).
After any fabrication or cutting operation, care shall be taken to remove all dust and any
particles shall be removed from the surface; cut edges shall be fine sanded to a smooth finish.
4.2 Test specimen dimensions
The dimensions of the planar sections of the test specimens shall be at least 60 mm in length
and 60 mm in width (measured inside the clamping areas) and shall be provided in all
thicknesses under consideration. The preferred values of thickness include
0,1 mm ± 0,02 mm, 0,2 mm ± 0,02 0,03 mm, 0,4 mm ± 0,05 0,04 mm, 0,75 mm ± 0,1
0,15 mm, 1,5 mm ± 0,15 mm, 3,0 mm ± 0,2 0,25 mm, or 6,0 mm ± 0,4 mm.
NOTE A set of 30 test specimens per thickness will, in general, be adequate to concurrently establish the GWIT
and the glow-wire flammability index, GWFI (see IEC 60695-2-12).
4.3 Testing ranges in formulations
4.3.1 General
The results of tests carried out on test specimen sets of different colour, thickness, density,
molecular mass, anisotropic type/direction, additives, fillers, and/or reinforcements can vary.
When agreed between involved parties, the test programmes outlined in 4.3.2 and 4.3.3 may
be employed in order to evaluate these variations.
4.3.2 Density, melt flow, and filler/reinforcement
Test specimens covering all combinations of minimum and maximum levels of density, melt
flows and filler/reinforcement content may shall be provided and considered representative of
the range if the test results yield the same GWIT. If the test results do not yield the same
GWIT for all test specimens representing the range, evaluation shall be limited to the
materials with the specific levels of density, melt flows and filler/reinforcement tested. In
addition, test specimens with intermediate density, melt flows, and filler/reinforcement content
shall be tested to determine the representative range for each GWIT determination. However,
as an alternative, the least favourable performance of the specific levels of density, melt flows
and filler/reinforcement tested may shall be considered representative of intermediate levels
without additional testing.
4.3.3 Colour
When evaluating a range of colours, test specimens that
a) contain no colouring,
b) contain the highest level of organic pigments/colorants/dyes and/or carbon black,
c) contain the highest level of inorganic pigments, and
d) contain pigments/colorants/dyes which are known to adversely affect flammability
characteristics
are considered representative of the colour range if the test results yield the same GWIT.
If the colours do not yield the same GWIT, when evaluating a range of colours, the GWIT with
the least favourable performance should yield the GWIT for an all colour range.
5 Apparatus
The description of the test apparatus is specified in Clause 5 of IEC 60695-2-10. The
reference to a specified layer does not apply.
The test apparatus of IEC 60695-2-10 shall be used.
6 Temperature measuring system verification
The verification of the temperature measuring system is as specified in IEC 60695-2-10 shall
have been performed.
– 10 – IEC 60695-2-13:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
7 Conditioning and test conditions
7.1 Conditioning of test specimens
The test specimens shall be conditioned for a minimum of 48 h at 23 °C ± 2 °C and at a
relative humidity between 40 % and 60 % (in accordance with ISO 291:2008, Clause 6,
Table 2, Class 2). Once removed from the conditioning atmosphere, the test specimens shall
be tested within 4 h.
7.2 Testing conditions
The test specimens shall be tested in a laboratory atmosphere having a temperature between
15 °C and 35 °C and a relative humidity less than or equal to 75 %.
8 Test procedure
8.1 General
The test specimens shall be identified and examined visually.
The general test procedure shall be as specified in IEC 60695-2-10.
8.2 Initial test temperatures
The glow-wire is heated to one of the initial test temperatures specified in Table 1, which is
considered to be just high enough to cause ignition. If unknown, the initial test temperature
shall not exceed 650 °C.
Table 1 – Initial test temperatures
Initial test Tolerances
temperature
K °C
°C
500 ±10
550 ±10
600 ±10
650 ±10
700 ±10
750 ±10
800 ±15
850 ±15
900 ±15
960 ±15
8.3 Test temperatures
A set of three test specimens shall be prepared for testing at a chosen initial test temperature.
If one of the three test specimens fails to withstand the test criteria as defined in 10.1, the test
shall be repeated with three new test specimens at a test temperature preferably 50 K °C
(60 K °C for 960 °C) lower.
If the three test specimens withstand the test criteria as defined in 10.1, the test shall be
repeated with three new test specimens at a test temperature preferably 50 K °C (60 K °C for
900 °C) higher.
Repeat the tests with three new test specimens each time and reduce the interval of test
temperatures to 25 K °C (30 K °C for 960 °C) in the final approach to determine the maximum
test temperature at which all three test specimens withstand the test criteria as defined in
10.1.
However, there is no need to go to the higher temperature if it has already been determined
that at least one of the three test specimens will not withstand the test criteria as defined in
10.1.
NOTE 1 The minimum test temperature is 500 °C and the maximum test temperature is 960 °C.
NOTE 2 It is recommended to start with a temperature of 650 °C.
9 Observations and measurements
9.1 General
The following observations and measurements shall be recorded.
9.1 Initial observations
After identifying and visually inspecting the test specimens, the following items shall be
recorded:
a) a description of the tested material, including thickness, colour, type and manufacturer;
b) a description of the method for the preparation of the test specimens, if available;
c) the direction of any anisotropy, if known, relative to the dimensions of the test specimen;
and
d) the pre-test conditioning of the test specimens.
9.2 Test observations
(30 s ± 1 s), and during a further period of
During the time of application of the glow-wire, t
APP
5 s (first 5 s of the subsequently following time of observation, t ), the test specimen shall
OBS
be observed and the following shall be recorded:
a) the time, t , of the longest sustained flaming and/or glowing combustion observed (to the
E
nearest 0,5 s);
b) the test temperatures from Clause 8,
c) whether or not the glow-wire penetrated through the test specimen;
d) total consumption of the test specimen, if this occurs; and
e) additional observations that may be agreed to by both parties.
a) the time of ignition, t ;
I
b) the time of extinguishment, t ;
E
c) based on the recording of the measured values t and t , the calculated value for t shall
I E T
be recorded as well;
d) the test temperatures from Clause 8;
e) whether the test specimen is totally consumed; and
f) additional observations that may be agreed to by both parties.
– 12 – IEC 60695-2-13:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
10 Evaluation of test results
10.1 Test criteria
The test specimen is considered to have withstood passed this test
a) if there is no ignition, or
b) if sustained flaming combustion does not occur for a time longer than 5 s for any single
flame event the total flame event time, t , is not longer than 5 s and the test specimen is
T
not totally consumed.
NOTE If the measured value is 5,2 s, this should be recorded as 5,0 s. If the measured value is 5,3 s, this should
be recorded as 5,5 s.
10.2 Glow-wire ignition temperature
The GWIT is the temperature which is 25 K °C (30 K °C for 900 °C and 930 °C) higher than
the maximum test temperature at which three test specimens at the relevant thickness
withstand the test criteria as defined in 10.1.
The GWIT shall be reported in the following manner:
for example, for a test specimen of 3,0 mm thickness and a maximum test temperature which
does not cause ignition at 825 °C:
GWIT: 850 / 3,0
In case of different GWITs per thickness, these GWITs shall be reported per thickness.
In case the test series results in no ignition using the test temperature of 960 °C, the GWIT
shall be reported as follows:
GWIT: > 960 / thickness
In those cases where the GWIT is to be utilized over a range of thicknesses, it may be
appropriate to consider the GWIT at the minimum and maximum thickness and the other
preferred thicknesses in the range.
The GWIT representative for a range of thicknesses shall be reported in the following manner,
for example, for a range of thicknesses of 0,75 mm up to 3,0 mm and a maximum test
temperature which does not cause ignition at 750 °C:
GWIT: 775 / 0,75 – 3,0
11 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) a reference to IEC 60695-2-13;
b) the test temperatures from Clause 8;
c) the observations and measurements from Clause 9; and
d) the GWIT from 10.2.
Bibliography
IEC 60695-11 (all parts), Fire hazard testing – Part 11:Test flames
ISO/IEC 13943:2008, Fire safety – Vocabulary
[1] IEC 60695-1-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-10: Guidance for assessing the fire
hazard of electrotechnical products – General guidelines
[2] IEC 60695-1-11, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-11: Guidance for assessing the fire
hazard of electrotechnical products – Fire hazard assessment
[3] IEC 60695-2-11, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test
methods – Glow-wire flammability test method for end-products (GWEPT)
[4] IEC 60695-1-30, Fire hazard testing – Part 1-30: Guidance for assessing the fire
hazard of electrotechnical products – Preselection testing process – General
guidelines
_____________
IEC 60695-2-13 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
HORIZONTAL PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION HORIZONTALE
Fire hazard testing –
Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire ignition
temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 2-13: Essais au fil incandescent/chauffant – Méthode d’essai de
température d’allumage au fil incandescent (GWIT) pour matériaux
– 2 – IEC 60695-2-13:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references. 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Test specimens . 8
4.1 Test specimen preparation . 8
4.2 Test specimen dimensions . 8
4.3 Testing ranges in formulations . 9
4.3.1 General . 9
4.3.2 Density, melt flow, and filler/reinforcement . 9
4.3.3 Colour . 9
5 Apparatus . 9
6 Temperature measuring system verification . 9
7 Conditioning and test conditions . 9
7.1 Conditioning of test specimens . 9
7.2 Testing conditions . 10
8 Test procedure . 10
8.1 General . 10
8.2 Initial test temperatures . 10
8.3 Test temperatures . 10
9 Observations and measurements . 11
9.1 Initial observations . 11
9.2 Test observations . 11
10 Evaluation of test results . 11
10.1 Test criteria . 11
10.2 Glow-wire ignition temperature . 11
11 Test report. 12
Bibliography . 13
Table 1 – Initial test temperatures . 10
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60695-2-13 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89: Fire hazard testing. It is
an International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010 and
Amendment 1:2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) New terms and definitions with regards to times and durations have been added to
Clause 3, with an effect on the application of the test method.
– 4 – IEC 60695-2-13:2021 © IEC 2021
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
89/1538/FDIS 89/1546/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement,
available at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by
IEC are described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
This standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-10.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 60695 series, under the general title Fire hazard testing, can
be found on the IEC web site.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
INTRODUCTION
In the design of any electrotechnical product, the risk of fire and the potential hazards
associated with fire need to be considered. In this respect the objective of component, circuit,
and product design, as well as the choice of materials, is to reduce to acceptable levels the
potential risks of fire during normal operating conditions, reasonable foreseeable abnormal
use, malfunction and/or failure. IEC 60695-1-10 [1] , together with its companion
IEC 60695-1-11 [2], has been developed to provide guidance on how this is to be
accomplished.
The primary aims of IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11 are to provide guidance on how to:
a) prevent ignition caused by an electrically energized component part, and
b) confine any resulting fire within the bounds of the enclosure of the electrotechnical product
in the event of ignition.
Secondary aims of IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11 include the minimization of any flame
spread beyond the product’s enclosure and the minimization of the harmful effects of fire
effluents such as heat, smoke, toxicity and/or corrosivity.
Fires involving electrotechnical products can also be initiated from external non-electrical
sources. Considerations of this nature are normally dealt with in the overall fire hazard
assessment.
In electrotechnical equipment, overheated metal parts can act as ignition sources. In glow-
wire tests, a glowing wire is used to simulate such an ignition source.
IEC 60695-2-10 describes a glow-wire test apparatus and common test procedu
...
IEC 60695-2-13 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
HORIZONTAL PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION HORIZONTALE
Fire hazard testing –
Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire ignition
temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 2-13: Essais au fil incandescent/chauffant – Méthode d’essai de
température d’allumage au fil incandescent (GWIT) pour matériaux
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IEC 60695-2-13 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
HORIZONTAL PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION HORIZONTALE
Fire hazard testing –
Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods – Glow-wire ignition
temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 2-13: Essais au fil incandescent/chauffant – Méthode d’essai de
température d’allumage au fil incandescent (GWIT) pour matériaux
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.220.40; 29.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-1011-2
– 2 – IEC 60695-2-13:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references. 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Test specimens . 8
4.1 Test specimen preparation . 8
4.2 Test specimen dimensions . 8
4.3 Testing ranges in formulations . 9
4.3.1 General . 9
4.3.2 Density, melt flow, and filler/reinforcement . 9
4.3.3 Colour . 9
5 Apparatus . 9
6 Temperature measuring system verification . 9
7 Conditioning and test conditions . 9
7.1 Conditioning of test specimens . 9
7.2 Testing conditions . 10
8 Test procedure . 10
8.1 General . 10
8.2 Initial test temperatures . 10
8.3 Test temperatures . 10
9 Observations and measurements . 11
9.1 Initial observations . 11
9.2 Test observations . 11
10 Evaluation of test results . 11
10.1 Test criteria . 11
10.2 Glow-wire ignition temperature . 11
11 Test report. 12
Bibliography . 13
Table 1 – Initial test temperatures . 10
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60695-2-13 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89: Fire hazard testing. It is
an International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010 and
Amendment 1:2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) New terms and definitions with regards to times and durations have been added to
Clause 3, with an effect on the application of the test method.
– 4 – IEC 60695-2-13:2021 © IEC 2021
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
89/1538/FDIS 89/1546/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement,
available at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by
IEC are described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
This standard is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60695-2-10.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 60695 series, under the general title Fire hazard testing, can
be found on the IEC web site.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
INTRODUCTION
In the design of any electrotechnical product, the risk of fire and the potential hazards
associated with fire need to be considered. In this respect the objective of component, circuit,
and product design, as well as the choice of materials, is to reduce to acceptable levels the
potential risks of fire during normal operating conditions, reasonable foreseeable abnormal
use, malfunction and/or failure. IEC 60695-1-10 [1] , together with its companion
IEC 60695-1-11 [2], has been developed to provide guidance on how this is to be
accomplished.
The primary aims of IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11 are to provide guidance on how to:
a) prevent ignition caused by an electrically energized component part, and
b) confine any resulting fire within the bounds of the enclosure of the electrotechnical product
in the event of ignition.
Secondary aims of IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11 include the minimization of any flame
spread beyond the product’s enclosure and the minimization of the harmful effects of fire
effluents such as heat, smoke, toxicity and/or corrosivity.
Fires involving electrotechnical products can also be initiated from external non-electrical
sources. Considerations of this nature are normally dealt with in the overall fire hazard
assessment.
In electrotechnical equipment, overheated metal parts can act as ignition sources. In glow-
wire tests, a glowing wire is used to simulate such an ignition source.
IEC 60695-2-10 describes a glow-wire test apparatus and common test procedure,
IEC 60695-2-11 [3] describes a glow-wire flammability test for end products, and
IEC 60695-2-12 describes a glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials.
This document describes a glow-wire ignition temperature test method for materials. It is
intended to be used to measure, describe, and rank the properties of materials in response to
heat caused by contact with an electrically heated wire under controlled laboratory conditions.
This may be useful for the evaluation of materials for use in products that may be exposed to
excess thermal stress such as a fault current flowing through a wire, overloading of components,
and/or bad connections. It is not intended to be used to solely describe or appraise the fire
hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However,
results of this test can be used as elements of a fire hazard assessment which takes into
account all of the factors which are pertinent to a particular end use.
This document may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. It does not
purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
___________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the bibliography.
– 6 – IEC 60695-2-13:2021 © IEC 2021
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –
Part 2-13: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) test method for materials
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60695 specifies the details of the glow-wire test to be applied to test
specimens of solid electrical insulating materials or other solid materials for ignitability testing
to determine the glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT).
The GWIT is the temperature which is 25 K (or 30 K) higher than the maximum test
temperature, determined during this standardized procedure, at which the tested material
does not ignite, or sustained flaming combustion does not occur for a time longer than 5 s for
any single flame event and the specimen is not totally consumed.
This test is a materials test carried out on a series of standard test specimens. The data
obtained, along with data from the glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for
materials, IEC 60695-2-12, can then be used in a preselection process in accordance with
IEC 60695-1-30 [4] to judge the ability of materials to meet the requirements of
IEC 60695-2-11.
NOTE As an outcome of conducting a fire hazard assessment, an appropriate series of preselection flammability
and ignition tests can allow a reduction of end product testing.
This basic safety publication focusing on safety test method(s) is primarily intended for use by
technical committees in the preparation of safety publications in accordance with the
principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and ISO/IEC Guide 51.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of
basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60695-2-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-10: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire apparatus and common test procedure
IEC 60695-2-12, Fire hazard testing – Part 2-12: Glowing/hot-wire based test methods –
Glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) test method for materials
IEC 60695-4:2021, Fire hazard testing – Part 4: Terminology concerning fire tests for
electrotechnical products
ISO 291:2008, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 293, Plastics – Compression moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials
ISO 294 (all parts), Plastics – Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials
ISO 295, Plastics – Compression moulding of test specimens of thermosetting materials
ISO 13943:2017, Fire safety – Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943:2017 and
IEC 60695-4:2012, some of which are reproduced below for the user's convenience, and in
IEC 60695-2-10 regarding times and durations, and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
combustion
exothermic reaction of a substance with an oxidizing agent
Note 1 to entry: Combustion generally emits fire effluent accompanied by flames and/or glowing.
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.55]
3.2
flame, noun
rapid, self-sustaining, sub-sonic propagation of combustion in a gaseous medium, usually with
emission of light
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.159]
3.3
flame event
sustained flaming and/or glowing combustion
3.4
flammability
ability of a material or product to burn with a flame under specified conditions
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.178]
3.5
glowing, noun
luminosity caused by heat
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.196]
3.6
glowing combustion
combustion of a material in the solid phase without flame but with emission of light from the
combustion zone
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.197]
– 8 – IEC 60695-2-13:2021 © IEC 2021
3.7
ignitability
ease of ignition
measure of the ease with which a test specimen can be ignited, under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: See also ignition temperature, flash ignition temperature, minimum ignition temperature and
spontaneous ignition temperature
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.212]
3.8
ignition
DEPRECATED: sustained ignition
initiation of combustion
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.217]
3.9
ignition
DEPRECATED: sustained ignition
initiation of sustained flame
[SOURCE: ISO 13943:2017, 3.218]
3.10
preselection
process of assessing and choosing candidate materials, components or subassemblies for
making an end product
[SOURCE: IEC 60695-4:2012, 3.2.21]
4 Test specimens
4.1 Test specimen preparation
Test specimens shall be fabricated using the appropriate ISO method, e.g. casting and
injection moulding in accordance with the ISO 294 series, compression moulding in
accordance with ISO 293 or ISO 295, or transfer moulding to the necessary shape as
specified in 4.2. Where this is not possible, the test specimen shall be cut and/or sliced from a
representative sample of the material (for example, produced using the same fabrication
process as would be used to mould a part of a product).
After any fabrication or cutting operation, all dust and any particles shall be removed from the
surface; cut edges shall be fine sanded to a smooth finish.
4.2 Test specimen dimensions
The dimensions of the planar sections of the test specimens shall be at least 60 mm in length
and 60 mm in width (measured inside the clamping areas) and shall be provided in all
thicknesses under consideration. The preferred values of thickness include
0,1 mm ± 0,02 mm, 0,2 mm ± 0,03 mm, 0,4 mm ± 0,04 mm, 0,75 mm ± 0,15 mm,
1,5 mm ± 0,15 mm, 3,0 mm ± 0,25 mm, or 6,0 mm ± 0,4 mm.
NOTE A set of 30 test specimens per thickness will, in general, be adequate to concurrently establish the GWIT
and the glow-wire flammability index, GWFI (see IEC 60695-2-12).
4.3 Testing ranges in formulations
4.3.1 General
The results of tests carried out on test specimen sets of different colour, thickness, density,
molecular mass, anisotropic type/direction, additives, fillers, and/or reinforcements can vary.
When agreed between involved parties, the test programmes outlined in 4.3.2 and 4.3.3 may
be employed in order to evaluate these variations.
4.3.2 Density, melt flow, and filler/reinforcement
Test specimens covering all combinations of minimum and maximum levels of density, melt
flows and filler/reinforcement content shall be provided and considered representative of the
range if the test results yield the same GWIT. If the test results do not yield the same GWIT
for all test specimens representing the range, evaluation shall be limited to the materials with
the specific levels of density, melt flows and filler/reinforcement tested. In addition, test
specimens with intermediate density, melt flows, and filler/reinforcement content shall be
tested to determine the representative range for each GWIT determination. However, as an
alternative, the least favourable performance of the specific levels of density, melt flows and
filler/reinforcement tested shall be considered representative of intermediate levels without
additional testing.
4.3.3 Colour
When evaluating a range of colours, test specimens that
a) contain no colouring,
b) contain the highest level of organic pigments/colorants/dyes and/or carbon black,
c) contain the highest level of inorganic pigments, and
d) contain pigments/colorants/dyes which are known to adversely affect flammability
characteristics
are considered representative of the colour range if the test results yield the same GWIT.
If the colours do not yield the same GWIT, when evaluating a range of colours, the GWIT with
the least favourable performance should yield the GWIT for an all colour range.
5 Apparatus
The test apparatus of IEC 60695-2-10 shall be used.
6 Temperature measuring system verification
The verification of the temperature measuring system as specified in IEC 60695-2-10 shall
have been performed.
7 Conditioning and test conditions
7.1 Conditioning of test specimens
The test specimens shall be conditioned for a minimum of 48 h at 23 °C ± 2 °C and at a
relative humidity between 40 % and 60 % (in accordance with ISO 291:2008, Clause 6,
Table 2, Class 2). Once removed from the conditioning atmosphere, the test specimens shall
be tested within 4 h.
– 10 – IEC 60695-2-13:2021 © IEC 2021
7.2 Testing conditions
The test specimens shall be tested in a laboratory atmosphere having a temperature between
15 °C and 35 °C and a relative humidity less than or equal to 75 %.
8 Test procedure
8.1 General
The test specimens shall be identified.
The general test procedure shall be as specified in IEC 60695-2-10.
8.2 Initial test temperatures
The glow-wire is heated to one of the initial test temperatures specified in Table 1, which is
considered to be just high enough to cause ignition. If unknown, the initial test temperature
shall not exceed 650 °C.
Table 1 – Initial test temperatures
Initial test Tolerances
temperature
°C
°C
500 ±10
550 ±10
600 ±10
650 ±10
700 ±10
750 ±10
800 ±15
850 ±15
900 ±15
960 ±15
8.3 Test temperatures
A set of three test specimens shall be prepared for testing at a chosen initial test temperature.
If one of the three test specimens fails to withstand the test criteria as defined in 10.1, the test
shall be repeated with three new test specimens at a test temperature preferably 50 °C (60 °C
for 960 °C) lower.
If the three test specimens withstand the test criteria as defined in 10.1, the test shall be
repeated with three new test specimens at a test temperature preferably 50 °C (60 °C for
900 °C) higher.
Repeat the tests with three new test specimens each time and reduce the interval of test
temperatures to 25 °C (30 °C for 960 °C) in the final approach to determine the maximum test
temperature at which all three test specimens withstand the test criteria as defined in 10.1.
However, there is no need to go to the higher temperature if it has already been determined
that at least one of the three test specimens will not withstand the test criteria as defined in
10.1.
NOTE The minimum test temperature is 500 °C and the maximum test temperature is 960 °C.
9 Observations and measurements
9.1 Initial observations
After identifying and visually inspecting the test specimens, the following items shall be
recorded:
a) a description of the tested material, including thickness, colour, type and manufacturer;
b) a description of the method for the preparation of the test specimens, if available;
c) the direction of any anisotropy, if known, relative to the dimensions of the test specimen;
and
d) the pre-test conditioning of the test specimens.
9.2 Test observations
During the time of application of the glow-wire, t (30 s ± 1 s), and during a further period of
APP
5 s (first 5 s of the subsequently following time of observation, t ), the test specimen shall
OBS
be observed and the following shall be recorded:
a) the time of ignition, t ;
I
b) the time of extinguishment, t ;
E
c) based on the recording of the measured values t and t , the calculated value for t shall
I E T
be recorded as well;
d) the test temperatures from Clause 8;
e) whether the test specimen is totally consumed; and
f) additional observations that may be agreed to by both parties.
10 Evaluation of test results
10.1 Test criteria
The test specimen is considered to have passed this test
a) if there is no ignition, or
b) if the total flame event time, t , is not longer than 5 s and the test specimen is not totally
T
consumed.
10.2 Glow-wire ignition temperature
The GWIT is the temperature which is 25 °C (30 °C for 900 °C and 930 °C) higher than the
maximum test temperature at which three test specimens at the relevant thickness withstand
the test criteria as defined in 10.1.
The GWIT shall be reported in the following manner:
for example, for a test specimen of 3,0 mm thickness and a maximum test temperature which
does not cause ignition at 825 °C:
GWIT: 850 / 3,0
In case of different GWITs per thickness, these GWITs shall be reported per thickness.
– 12 – IEC 60695-2-13:2021 © IEC 2021
In case the test series results in no ignition using the test temperature of 960 °C, the GWIT
shall be reported as follows:
GWIT: > 960 / thickness
In those cases where the GWIT is to be utilized over a range of thicknesses, it may be
appropriate to consider the GWIT at the minimum and maximum thickness and the other
preferred thicknesses in the range.
The GWI
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