IEC 62830-3:2017

Semiconductor devices - Semiconductor devices for energy harvesting and generation - Part 3: Vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesting

IEC 62830-3:2017 describes terms, definitions, symbols, configurations, and test methods that can be used to evaluate and determine the performance characteristics of vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesting devices. This part of IEC 62830 specifies the methods of tests and the characteristic parameters of the vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesting devices for evaluating their performances accurately and practical use. It is applicable to energy harvesting devices for consumer, general industries, military and aerospace applications without any limitations of device technology, shape and size.

Dispositifs à semiconducteurs - Dispositifs à semiconducteurs pour récupération et génération d'énergie - Partie 3: Récupération d'énergie électromagnétique basée sur des vibrations

L'IEC 62830-3:2017 présente des termes, des définitions, des symboles, des configurations et des méthodes d'essai qui peuvent être utilisés pour évaluer et déterminer les caractéristiques de performances de dispositifs de récupération d'énergie électromagnétique basée sur des vibrations. La présente partie de l'IEC 62830 spécifie les méthodes d'essais et les paramètres des caractéristiques des dispositifs de récupération d'énergie électromagnétique basée sur des vibrations pour évaluer leurs performances avec précision et leur utilisation pratique. La présente partie de l'IEC 62830 s'applique aux dispositifs de récupération d'énergie destinés à des applications grand public, industrielles, militaires et aérospatiales sans limitation sur la taille, la forme ou la technologie des dispositifs.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 27-Mar-2017
• ICS: 31.080.99 - Other semiconductor devices
• Technical Committee: TC 47 - Semiconductor devices
• Drafting Committee: WG 7 - TC 47/WG 7
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 28-Mar-2017
• Completion Date: 21-Apr-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 62830-3 ®
Edition 1.0 2017-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Semiconductor devices – Semiconductor devices for energy harvesting and
generation –
Part 3: Vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesting

Dispositifs à semiconducteurs – Dispositifs à semiconducteurs pour
récupération et génération d'énergie –
Partie 3: Récupération d'énergie électromagnétique basée sur des vibrations

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IEC 62830-3 ®
Edition 1.0 2017-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Semiconductor devices – Semiconductor devices for energy harvesting and

generation –
Part 3: Vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesting

Dispositifs à semiconducteurs – Dispositifs à semiconducteurs pour

récupération et génération d'énergie –

Partie 3: Récupération d'énergie électromagnétique basée sur des vibrations

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 31.080.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-4141-7

– 2 – IEC 62830-3:2017 © IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
3.1 General terms . 6
3.2 Electromagnetic transducer . 8
3.3 Characteristic parameters . 9
4 Essential ratings and characteristic parameters . 11
4.1 Identification and type . 11
4.2 Limiting values and operating conditions . 12
4.3 Additional information . 12
5 Test method . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.2 Electrical characteristics . 13
5.2.1 Test procedure . 13
5.2.2 Inductance . 14
5.2.3 Resonant frequency . 14
5.2.4 Bandwidth. 15
5.2.5 Damping ratio . 15
5.2.6 Quality factor . 16
5.2.7 Output voltage . 16
5.2.8 Output current . 17
5.2.9 Output power . 17
5.2.10 Optimal load impedance . 18
5.2.11 Maximum output power . 18
5.3 Mechanical characteristics . 19
5.3.1 Test procedure . 19
5.3.2 Temperature range . 20
5.3.3 Input vibration . 20
5.3.4 Temperature and humidity testing . 20
5.3.5 Shock testing . 20
Bibliography . 21

Figure 1 – General structure of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester . 7
Figure 2 – Conceptual diagram of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester . 8
Figure 3 – Equivalent circuit of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester . 9
Figure 4 – Test procedure of vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesters . 13
Figure 5 – Test setup for the electrical characteristics of a vibration based
electromagnetic energy harvester . 14
Figure 6 – Frequency response of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester . 15
Figure 7 – Amplitude decay plot to determine the damping ratio of vibration based
electromagnetic energy harvester . 16
Figure 8 – Output voltage of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester at
various external loads . 16
Figure 9 – Output currents of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester at
various output voltages . 17

Figure 10 – Output power of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester at
various external loads . 18
Figure 11 – Output power and voltage of a vibration based electromagnetic energy
harvester at various input vibrations. 18
Figure 12 – Block diagram of a test setup for evaluating the reliability of a vibration
based electromagnetic energy harvester . 19

Table 1 – Specification parameters for vibration based electromagnetic energy
harvesters . 12

– 4 – IEC 62830-3:2017 © IEC 2017
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES – SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
FOR ENERGY HARVESTING AND GENERATION –

Part 3: Vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesting

FOREWORD
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patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62830-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 47:
Semiconductor devices.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
47/2363/FDIS 47/2380/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

A list of all parts in the IEC 62830 series, published under the general title Semiconductor
devices – Semiconductor devices for energy harvesting and generation, can be found on the
IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 6 – IEC 62830-3:2017 © IEC 2017
SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES – SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
FOR ENERGY HARVESTING AND GENERATION –

Part 3: Vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesting

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62830 describes terms, definitions, symbols, configurations, and test
methods that can be used to evaluate and determine the performance characteristics of
vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesting devices. This part of IEC 62830 specifies
the methods of tests and the characteristic parameters of the vibration based electromagnetic
energy harvesting devices for evaluating their performances accurately and practical use.
This part of IEC 62830 is applicable to energy harvesting devices for consumer, general
industries, military and aerospace applications without any limitations of device technology,
shape and size.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60749-5:2003, Semiconductor devices – Mechanical and climatic test methods – Part 5:
Steady-state temperature humidity bias life test
IEC 60749-10:2002, Semiconductor devices – Mechanical and climatic test methods –
Part 10: Mechanical shock
IEC 60749-12:2002, Semiconductor devices – Mechanical and climatic test methods –
Part 12: Vibration, variable frequency
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
vibration
mechanical oscillations occurring about an equilibrium point
[SOURCE: IEC 62830-1:2017, 3.1.1]
3.1.2
vibration based energy harvester
energy transducer that transforms vibration energy into electric energy

Note 1 to entry: A vibration based energy harvester to convert vibration to electricity by using electromagnetic
transduction mechanism is comprised of magnet (inertial mass), cantilever spring, and coil as shown in Figure 1.
The induced vibration introduces the reciprocating motion to the mass. The spring which suspends the magnetic
mass is bended and the bending of spring introduces a relative displacement between the magnet and coil within
the magnetic field and an e.m.f. is induced in the coil which is obtained across the coil terminals.
Note 2 to entry: A vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester can be represented as shown in Figure 2. It
is configured by mass, spring, damping (mechanical and electrical), and electromagnetic transducer.
Cantilever spring
S
Vibrating
magnet
N
R
Fixed coil
Base vibration
IEC
Key
Configuration of energy harvester Components to operate an energy harvester
Magnetic mass Inertial mass with a field of R External load
magnetic force to introduce
mechanical motion coupling from
induced vibration
Spring To couple the induced vibration to
the mass by suspending it
Coil Induces electric potential by cutting
magnetic flux within vibrating
magnetic field
Figure 1 – General structure of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester
Housing
– 8 – IEC 62830-3:2017 © IEC 2017
Spring
Electromagnetic
transducer
Mass
Damping
Vibration
IEC
Key
Configuration of energy harvester Components to operate an energy harvester
Damping Reduction of oscillation of the Electromagnetic Functional device to operate as a
mass with time transducer transducer to transform vibration
energy to electric energy via
electromagnetic induction
Spring stiffness a measure of the resistance
offered by an elastic body to
deformation
Figure 2 – Conceptual diagram of a vibration based
electromagnetic energy harvester
[SOURCE: IEC 62830-1:2017, 3.1.2]
3.1.3
mass-spring-damper system
system to derive the motion of the vibration energy harvester by using equivalent mass,
spring and damper from that
[SOURCE: IEC 62830-1:2017, 3.1.3]
3.2 Electromagnetic transducer
3.2.1
electromagnetic transducer
energy converter to generate electricity from mechanical energy by means of electromagnetic
induction effect
3.2.2
electromagnetic induction
phenomenon in which an induced voltage or an induced current produced by relative motion
between a permanent magnet and a coil winding
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-121:2008, 121-11-30, modified]
3.2.3
transformation factor
φ
measure of the performance of the electromagnetic transducer related to the flux density, B,
the length of the coil, l and the number of turns per unit length of the coil, N, given by,

(1)
φ= NBl
3.2.4
coil-resistance
R
coil
coil-resistance that is related to the resistivity of the coil material, length of the coil winding
and diameter of the coil (circular)
3.2.5
coil-inductance
L
coil
coil-inductance that induces a proportional voltage across the coil due to a change in current
in the coil
3.3 Characteristic parameters
3.3.1
equivalent circuit,
electrical circuit which has the same output voltage from induced vibration as electromagnetic
vibration energy harvester in the immediate neighborhood of resonance
Note 1 to entry: Electrical equivalent circuit representation of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester
is shown in Figure 3. It consists of an e.m.f. source, ɸv(t) that induces current, i(t) and series inductance, L and
coil
resistance R with a load resistance, R . The damper is, typically a moving magnet linking flux with the stationary coil,
coil load
the latter having series inductance and resistance. The operating principle is that voltage is induced in the coil due to the varying
flux linkage, with the resultant currents causing forces which oppose the relative motion between the magnet and coil.
R L
coil coil
i(t)
b
m
R
ɸv(t) load
IEC
Key
ɸv(t): e.m.f. is induced due to the relative motion b : Damping occurs by the flux linkage between the
m
between the magnet and coil magnet and the coil with series resistance R
coil
and inductance L
coil
i(t): current starts flowing due to induced vibration R : external load
load
Figure 3 – Equivalent circuit of a vibration based
electromagnetic energy harvester
3.3.2
resonant frequency
f
r
lowest frequency of the induced vibration of the energy harvester to generate largest output
power
k
f = (2)
r
2π m
– 10 – IEC 62830-3:2017 © IEC 2017
where
k is the spring constant and m is the mass (of the magnet) attached to the cantilever spring
[SOURCE: IEC 62830-1:2017, 3.3.2]
3.3.3
bandwidth
∆f
separation of frequencies between which the output power shall be equal to or larger than a
specified value (50 %)
3.3.4
damping ratio
ζ
dimensionless measure describing how oscillations in a system decay after a disturbance,
expressing the level of damping in a system relative to critical damping
Note 1 to entry: For a damped harmonic oscillator with mass m, damping coefficient b, and spring constant k, it
can be expressed as:
b
ζ = (3)
2 km
3.3.5
quality factor,
Q
dimensionless parameter that describes how underdamped an oscillator or resonator, or
equivalently, characterizes a resonator's bandwidth relative to its centre frequency
Note 1 to entry: In the context of resonators, Q is defined in terms of the ratio of the resonant frequency, f to the
r
half-power bandwidth ∆f of the resonator
f ω
r r
Q= = (4)
∆f ∆ω
Note 2 to entry: For a single damped mass-spring system, the Q factor represents the effect of
simplified viscous damping or drag, where the damping force or drag force is proportional to velocity. The formula
for the Q factor is:
Q= (5)
2ζ
where ζ is the damping ratio.
3.3.6
open circuit voltage
V
electrical potential difference relative to a reference node of an energy harvester when there
is no external load connected to the terminal of the energy harvester
Note 1 to entry: V is defined as an open circuit voltage of the energy harvester.
[SOURCE: IEC 62830-1:2017, 3.3.4]

3.3.7
output power
P
electrical power transferred to the external load connected to the terminal of an energy
harvester
[SOURCE: IEC 62830-1:2017, 3.3.5]
3.3.8
output current
I
current through the external load connected to the terminals of energy harvester
Note 1 to entry: I is defined as an output current of the energy harvester.
[SOURCE: IEC 62830-1:2017, 3.3.6]
3.3.9
optimal load
R
opt
specified value of the external load transferred to the largest electrical energy from energy
harvester
[SOURCE: IEC 62830-1:2017, 3.3.7]
3.3.10
temperature range
range of temperature as measured on the enclosure over which the energy harvester will not
sustain permanent damage though not necessarily functioning within the specified tolerances
[SOURCE: IEC 62830-1:2017, 3.3.9]
3.3.11
input vibration
range of acceleration of induced vibration to the energy harvester as measured on the
enclosure over which the energy harvester will not sustain permanent damage though not
necessarily functioning within the specified tolerances
[SOURCE: IEC 62830-1:2017, 3.3.10]
3.3.12
mean-time-to-failure
the expectation of the time to failure in the operation of the energy harvester
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-05-11, modified]
4 Essential ratings and characteristic parameters
4.1 Identification and type
The vibration energy harvester shall be clearly and durably marked in the order given below:
a) year and week (or month) of manufacture;
b) manufacturer’s name or trade-mark;
c) terminal identification (optional);
d) serial number;
– 12 – IEC 62830-3:2017 © IEC 2017
e) factory identification code (optional).
4.2 Limiting values and operating conditions
Characteristic parameters should be listed in as shown in Table 1. The manufacturer shall
clearly announce the operating conditions and their limitation for energy harvesting. Limiting
value is the maximum induced vibration to ensure the operation of vibration energy harvester
for power generation without any damage.
Table 1 – Specification parameters for vibration
based electromagnetic energy harvesters
Measuring
Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit
conditions
Insert name of
characteristic
parameters
4.3 Additional information
Some additional information should be given such as equivalent circuits (resonant frequency,
internal impedance, frequency response, output voltage and power, etc.), handling
precautions, physical information (outline dimensions, terminals, accessories, installation
guide, etc.), package information, PCB interface and mounting information, and other
information.
5 Test method
5.1 General
Basically, general test procedures for vibration energy harvester are performed as shown in
Figure 4. After the vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester has been mounted on a
test fixture, it is measured by using voltage, current, and LCR meters. Since the input
impedances of these meters are usually 10 MΩ, miniaturized or micro sized energy harvesters
may not be characterized accurately due to their large internal impedance. For measuring and
characterizing these devices accurately, the ultra-high-impedance meters should be used. A
digital storage oscilloscope is also used to observe and record the generated waveform of the
electromagnetic energy harvester.
Before connecting the vibration energy harvester to the test fixture, meter, cable, vibration
exciter and oscilloscope shall be calibrated according to their respective calibration method.
After calibration, connect test cable with mounted vibration energy harvester test fixture on
vibration exciter. The readings of output voltage or current on display of the meters and
oscilloscope are carefully taken, together with induced vibration which is measured by the
accelerometer.
It is to be noted that temperature affects the magnetic field strength of most magnets. As a
result, generated electromotive force (e.m.f.) by an electromagnetic energy harvester has a
temperature dependency. Electrical characterization of an electromagnetic energy harvester
should be carried out at different temperatures.
NOTE Vibration based energy harvester can be measured as shown in Figure 4. After mounting the energy
harvester onto a vibration exciter, electrical characteristic are measured by using a meter or equivalent equipment.
If the measurements are satisfactory, the reliability test for the temperature range with thermal cycling and
mechanical failure with various vibrations is performed for commercial use.

Start
Resonant frequency Output voltage and current
Bandwidth Optimal load
Electrical characterization
Inductance Maximum output power
Quality factor Temperature dependence
Temperature range
Input vibration
Mechanical characterization
Mean-time-to failure
End
IEC
Key
Procedure Reference subclause Procedure Reference subclause
Start Output current 3.3.7 and 5.2.9
Electrical characterization Optimal load 3.3.9 and 5.2.10
Resonant frequency 3.3.2 and 5.2.3 Maximum output power 5.2.11
Bandwidth 3.3.3 and 5.2.4 Mechanical characterization
Inductance 3.2.5 and 5.2.2 Temperature range 5.3.2
Quality factor 3.3.5 and 5.2.6 Input vibration 3.3.11 and 5.3.3
Output voltage 3.3.6 and 5.2.7 Mean-time-to-failure 3.3.12 and 5.3.3

Figure 4 – Test procedure of vibration based electromagnetic energy harvesters
5.2 Electrical characteristics
5.2.1 Test procedure
Figure 5 shows a test setup of the electrical characteristics of a vibration based
electromagnetic energy harvester. To measure the electrical characteristics of vibration based
electromagnetic energy harvester, the device shall be attached on a vibration exciter as
shown in Figure 5. When a continuous vibration with specified acceleration is applied to the
device, an output voltage or current across an external load is measured.
The following test procedure is performed:
a) A specified vibration is induced to the energy harvester.
b) The voltage or current across the external load which connected to the terminals of
energy harvester is measured using a voltage or current meter.
c) The voltage and current are measured with various vibration accelerations by adjusting
the amplifying ratio of the power amplifier. Feedback from accelerometer to power
amplifier is necessary to keep constant acceleration along with frequency variation.
d) The maximum voltage and current are derived from various external loads to find the
optimal load.
– 14 – IEC 62830-3:2017 © IEC 2017
A
Terminals
Accelerometer
V DUT
External
load
Vibration
exciter
Acceleration monitor
Function generator Power amplifier

IEC
Key
Component and meters to monitor Equipment and supplies
DUT: device energy harvester Function generator To supply a specified frequency of
under test electrical signal to the power

amplifier
Voltage meter (V) To detect a voltage across the Power amplifier To supply a specified level of
external load electrical power to the vibration
exciter
Ampere meter (A) To detect a current through the Vibration exciter To supply a specified level and
external load frequency of mechanical vibration
to a piece of DUT
External load (R) Accelerometer To monitor the amplitude of
vibration
Figure 5 – Test setup for the electrical characteristics
of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester
5.2.2 Inductance
Inductance is measured between two terminals of an energy harvesting device. A calibration
of an LCR meter shall be made in order to eliminate systematic errors in the LCR meter, cable,
and connectors. When the device is connected to the LCR meter, its inductance will be
displayed.
5.2.3 Resonant frequency
Resonant frequency is a measured frequency, normally expressed in Hz, of the energy
harvester to generate the largest output power to be used in subsystem and system
applications. Figure 6 shows the graphical shape of the measured frequency characteristic of
an energy harvester.
Voltage
Power
Frequency  (Hz)
IEC
Figure 6 – Frequency response of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester
5.2.4 Bandwidth
Bandwidth is the working frequency range of the energy harvester having a designated output
power to be used in a subsystems and system applications. It is the measured range,
normally expressed in Hz, of the separation between the lower and upper frequencies relative
to the specified value of the frequency response curve.
BW= f − f (6)
upper(specified) lower(specified)
where
BW is the bandwidth expressed in Hz.
It is obtained from the measurement output power (or voltage). The upper and lower
frequencies are selected when the measured output reaches specified values of 50 % and
70,7 % for power and voltage, respectively.
5.2.5 Damping ratio
Damping ratio is the value obtained by performing a flick test (flicking the mass/magnet
loaded cantilever spring and monitoring the decay of the vibration amplitude over time) and
measuring the output across a standard load through which an amplitude decay plot is
obtained as shown in Figure 7. Then the corresponding damping is determined using the
following relationship:
 
1 a
  (7)
ζ = ln
 
2π a
 2
where and are consecutive peak amplitudes.
a a
1 2
Output voltage  (V)
Output power  (µW)
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a
a
Exponential decay
Time
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Figure 7 – Amplitude decay plot to determine the damping
ratio of vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester
5.2.6 Quality factor
Quality factor is the value that indicates the nonlinear behaviour of the electromagnetic
energy harvester at very low acceleration levels. The Q-factor value is determined by
Equation (4). But the frequency response behaviour of an electromagnetic energy harvester is
not always symmetric; it shows asymmetric behaviour, and in turn, the bandwidth cannot be
determined. Therefore, Q-factor is measured by the flick test, observing the decay of the
output amplitude of the generator over time i.e., by determining the damping ratio and using
Equation (5).
5.2.7 Output voltage
Output voltage is the voltage measured across the terminals of the energy harvester with a
specified external load and induced vibration. Figure 8 shows the graphical shape of
measured output voltage as a function of external resistive load connected to the terminal of
energy harvester. The open circuit voltage is measured voltage when there is no external load
connected to the terminal of the energy harvester with specified induced vibration.
External load (kΩ)
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Figure 8 – Output voltage of a vibration based electromagnetic energy
harvester at various external loads
Amplitude
Output voltage (V)
5.2.8 Output current
Output current is the current measured through the specified external load connected to the
terminal of vibration energy harvester at the specified induced vibration. Figure 9 shows the
graphical shape of measured current as a function of output voltage of an energy harvester.
The short-circuit current from the terminal of the energy harvester is measured current when
the voltage across the energy harvester is zero.
Output voltage (V)
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Figure 9 – Output currents of a vibration based electromagnetic energy
harvester at various output voltages
5.2.9 Output power
Output power is calculated from the measured output voltage and current of energy harvester
with external load.
P= IV (8)
where
P is the output power expressed in W.
Figure 10 shows the graphical shape of measured output power as a function of external load
of an energy harvester.
Output current (µA)
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External load (kΩ)
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Figure 10 – Output power of a vibration based electromagnetic energy
harvester at various external loads
5.2.10 Optimal load impedance
Optimal load impedance is determined as the value of the external load when the output
power of the energy harvester is maximized.
5.2.11 Maximum output power
Maximum output power is a maximum value of output power measured from energy harvester
at a specified maximum input vibration. The maximum input vibration is defined at 5.3.3.
Figure 11 shows the graphical shape of measured output power and voltage as functions of
input vibration.
Voltage
Power
Input vibration (g)
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Figure 11 – Output power and voltage of a vibration based
electromagnetic energy harvester at various input vibrations
Output voltage (V)
Output power (µW)
Output power (µW)
5.3 Mechanical characteristics
5.3.1 Test procedure
Figure 12 shows a test setup for evaluating the reliability of a vibration based electromagnetic
energy harvester. The harvesting device shall be repeatedly operated until the failure of
device. When a continuous vibration is applied to the device, output voltage or current is
measured through an external load connected to the device.
To test the reliability, the following test procedure is performed:
a) A vibration is induced to the energy harvester.
b) The output voltage or current of the energy harvester is measured by the meter.
c) The test is continuously performed for a few months.
Temperature
controller
Temperature controlled
environmental chamber
A
Accelerometer
DUT
V External
load
Vibration
exciter
Acceleration monitor
Function generator Power amplifier
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Key
Component and meters to monitor Equipment and supplies
DUT: device energy harvester Function generator To supply a specified frequency of
under test electrical signal to the power
amplifier
Voltage meter (V) To detect a voltage across the Power amplifier To supply a specified level of
external load electrical power to the vibration
exciter
Ampere meter (A) To detect a current through Vibration exciter To supply a specified level and
the external load frequency of mechanical vibration
to a piece of DUT
Temperature controlled To keep a specified temperature
environment chamber value of a piece of DUT
Figure 12 – Block diagram of a test setup for evaluating the reliability
of a vibration based electromagnetic energy harvester

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5.3.2 Temperature range
The objective of this test is to evaluate its reliability by a low/high temperature cycling test.
The temperature range should be specified from the applications. First, the test is performed
in the temperature cycling test chamber, and second, by placing the finished energy harvester
in an oven. The performance characteristics are monitored by a meter.
5.3.3 Input vibration
Objective of this test is to evaluate its reliability by high input vibration. The vibration range
should be specified from the applications. First, the test is performed as cycling test of
induced vibration with various acceleration, and second, by placing the finished energy
harvester on the vibration exciter. The performance characteristics are monitored by a meter.
See IEC 60749-12: 2002.
5.3.4 Temperature and humidity testing
See IEC 60749-5: 2003.
5.3.5 Shock testing
See IEC 60749-10: 2002.
Bibliography
IEC 62047-5:2011, Semiconductor devices – Micro-electromechanical devices – Part 5: RF
MEMS switches
IEC 62047-7:2011, Semiconductor devices – Micro-electromechanical devices – Part 7:
MEMS BAW filter and duplexer for radio frequency control and selection
62830-1:2017, Semiconductor devices – Semiconductor devices for energy harvesting and
generation – Part 1: Vibration based piezoelectric energy harvesting
S. Roundy, P.K. Wright, and J. Rabaey, Energy Scavenging for Wireless Sensor Networks
with Special Focus on Vibrations, Kluwer Academic Press, 2003

___________
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SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 24
1 Domaine d’application . 26
2 Références normatives . 26
3 Termes et définitions . 26
3.1 Termes généraux . 27
3.2 Transducteur électromagnétique . 28
3.3 Paramètres caractéristiques . 29
4 Valeurs assignées et paramètres caractéristiques essentiels . 32
4.1 Identification et type . 32
4.2 Conditions de fonctionnement et valeurs limites . 32
4.3 Informations supplémentaires . 32
5 Méthode d’essai .
...