IEC TR 63099-2:2020

Transmitting equipment for radiocommunication - Radio-over-fibre technologies for electromagnetic-field measurement - Part 2: Radio-over-fibre technologies for electric-field sensing

IEC TR 63099-2:2020 provides information about the current and latest applications for electric-field measurement that use radio-over-fibre technologies. System configurations, specifications, and measurement examples of each electric-field measurement system are included. The theoretical background of electric-field measurement and calibration method of electric-field sensors are beyond the scope of this document.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 26-Jul-2020
• ICS: 33.060.20 - Receiving and transmitting equipment
• ICS: 33.180.99 - Other fibre optic equipment
• Technical Committee: TC 103 - Transmitting and receiving equipment for radiocommunication
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 27-Jul-2020
• Completion Date: 07-Jul-2020

Overview

IEC TR 63099-2:2020 - Transmitting equipment for radiocommunication: Radio-over-fibre technologies for electromagnetic-field measurement - Part 2: Radio-over-fibre technologies for electric-field sensing - is an IEC Technical Report that documents current and emerging electric-field measurement systems using radio-over-fibre (RoF) technologies. As an informative report (no normative requirements), it surveys practical system configurations, specifications and measurement examples for RoF-based electric-field sensors used in radiocommunication and EMC test applications. The report explicitly excludes detailed theory of electric-field measurement and sensor calibration methods.

Key topics

• RoF system architectures: typical components such as sensor head, controller, single‑mode optical fibres, optical source, optical circulator, optical switch, O/E (optical-to-electrical) converter and spectrum analyser.
• Implementation examples:
  • 3‑axis sensors using lithium niobate (LN) optical modulators - triangular prism arrangement for isotropy and axis selection via optical switch.
  • Bulk sensors using ZnTe optical modulators.
  • Miniature probes using VCSELs (vertical cavity surface emitting lasers) with fibre‑only links to remote units.
• Performance features of RoF electric-field sensing: minimal invasiveness to the measured field, electrical smallness, good isotropy (uniform angular sensitivity), and high linearity.
• System specifications and measurement examples: example sensor models cited cover ranges such as 0.1 MHz to 10 000 MHz (0.1 MHz–10 GHz) and include sensitivity, dynamic range and isotropy evaluation (e.g., TEM‑cell tests).
• Terms and references: includes definitions (cross‑references to IEEE Std. 145‑2013) and abbreviations (LN, VCSEL, O/E, TEM, etc.).

Applications

• EMC and radiocommunication field strength testing where RF sensors must be electrically small and minimally perturbative.
• On‑site field monitoring near transmitters and base stations using long fibre links for remote sensing.
• Test laboratories and manufacturers validating antenna and transmitter performance across wide bands.
• R&D and prototype evaluation for next‑generation RoF electric‑field probes and sensor networks.

Who should use this TR

• Test engineers and EMC specialists assessing RoF-based electric‑field sensors.
• System developers and integrators designing fibre‑linked measurement systems.
• Manufacturers of optical modulators, VCSEL probes and O/E converters.
• Standards writers and researchers seeking a state‑of‑the‑art overview (informative guidance, not prescriptive requirements).

Related standards

• IEC 63099 series (other parts covering RoF for electromagnetic‑field measurement).
• IEEE Std. 145‑2013 (terms and definitions for antennas) - cited for terminology.

Keywords: IEC TR 63099-2:2020, radio-over-fibre, RoF technologies, electric-field sensing, electric-field measurement, LN optical modulator, VCSEL probe, ZnTe modulator, isotropy, TEM cell.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC TR 63099-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2020-07
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Transmitting equipment for radiocommunication – Radio-over-fibre
technologies for electromagnetic-field measurement –
Part 2: Radio-over-fibre technologies for electric-field sensing
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé [e-mail]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional languages.
and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary

(IEV) online.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
details all new publications released. Available online and 67 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
once a month by email. French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or CISPR.

need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service

Centre: [e-mail].
IEC TR 63099-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2020-07
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Transmitting equipment for radiocommunication – Radio-over-fibre

technologies for electromagnetic-field measurement –

Part 2: Radio-over-fibre technologies for electric-field sensing

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.060.20; 33.180.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-8493-3

– 2 – IEC TR 63099-2:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 7
4 Practical examples of electric-field sensing system using RoF technologies . 7
4.1 Overview. 7
4.2 Features of electric-field sensing system using RoF technologies . 7
4.3 List of implementation examples . 7
4.4 3-axis electric-field sensor using LN optical modulators . 7
4.4.1 System configuration . 7
4.4.2 Specifications . 9
4.4.3 Example of measurement results . 10
4.5 Bulk-type electric-field sensor using ZnTe optical modulators . 13
4.6 Electric-field probes using VCSEL . 14
Bibliography . 16

Figure 1 – System diagram of the optical E-field sensor . 8
Figure 2 – Structure of the sensor head unit . 9
Figure 3 – 3-axis electric-field sensing system using LN optical modulator . 10
Figure 4 – Evaluation results of sensitivity and measurement dynamic range . 11
Figure 5 – Evaluation of sensor isotropy in the TEM-Cell up to 1 GHz . 11
Figure 6 – Measurement setup for isotropy of the conventional diode-type electric-field
sensor and electric-field sensor using LN modulator . 12
Figure 7 – Measurement results of sensitivity pattern of the conventional diode-type
electric-field sensor and electric-field sensor using LN modulator according to
IEEE Std. 1309 . 13
Figure 8 – Frequency characteristics of isotropy of the conventional diode-type
electric-field sensor and electric-field sensor using LN optical modulator . 13
Figure 9 – Schematic representation of the bulk-type electric-field sensor using ZnTe
optical modulators. 14
Figure 10 – Schematic representation of the electric-field sensor using VCSEL
consisting of a miniature sensor head that is exclusively linked via fibre optics to a
remote unit . 15

Table 1 – Specification of 3-axis electric-field sensing system using LN optical
modulator . 9
Table 2 – Specification of 3-axis electric-field sensing system using LN optical
modulator . 12

IEC TR 63099-2 © IEC 2020 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
TRANSMITTING EQUIPMENT FOR RADIOCOMMUNICATION –
RADIO-OVER-FIBRE TECHNOLOGIES FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD
MEASUREMENT –
Part 2: Radio-over-fibre technologies for electric-field sensing

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC TR 63099-2, which is a Technical Report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee
103: Transmitting equipment for radiocommunication.
The text of this Technical Report is based on the following documents:
Draft TR Report on voting
103/184/DTR 103/186A/RVDTR
Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.

– 4 – IEC TR 63099-2:2020 © IEC 2020
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 63099 series, published under the general title Transmitting
equipment for radiocommunication – Radio-over-fibre technologies for electromagnetic-field
measurement, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

IEC TR 63099-2 © IEC 2020 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
This document provides information on the current and latest applications for electric-field
sensing using radio-over-fibre technology. Electric-field measurement systems are covered,
which are practically in use or will be used soon. It will be beneficial to system developers and
system users in the fields of electric-field measurement. As a Technical Report, this document
contains no requirements and is informative only.

– 6 – IEC TR 63099-2:2020 © IEC 2020
TRANSMITTING EQUIPMENT FOR RADIOCOMMUNICATION –
RADIO-OVER-FIBRE TECHNOLOGIES FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELD
MEASUREMENT –
Part 2: Radio-over-fibre technologies for electric-field sensing

1 Scope
The purpose of this part of IEC 63099 is to provide information about the current and latest
applications for electric-field measurement that use radio-over-fibre technologies. System
configurations, specifications, and measurement examples of each electric-field measurement
system are included. The theoretical background of electric-field measurement and calibration
method of electric-field sensors are beyond the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEEE Std. 145-2013, IEEE Standard for Definitions of Terms for Antennas
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEEE Std. 145-2013 and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
O/E converter
optical to electrical converter
converter which directly converts optical signals into electrical signal
Note 1 to entry: A photo-diode is generally used as an O/E converter device
3.1.2
isotropy
uniform sensitivity for all spherical direction
Note 1 to entry: Sometimes it is misunderstood as equi
...