IEC TS 61851-3-4:2023

Electric vehicles conductive charging system - Part 3-4: DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on double or reinforced insulation - General definitions and requirements for CANopen communication

IEC TS 61851-3-4:2023 This part of IEC 61851, which is a Technical Specification, applies to CANopen communication for the conductive transfer of electric power between the supply network and an electric road vehicle or a removable rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) or on-board rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS) of an electric road vehicle.
The energy management system (EMS) for control of power transfer between battery systems and voltage converter units (VCU) provides the communication for all devices that can take part in energy management control.
The basic application profile for energy management systems (EMS) consists of IEC TS 61851-3-4, IEC TS 61851-3-5, IEC TS 61851-3-6, IEC TS 61851-3-7.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 17-Jul-2023
• ICS: 43.120 - Electric road vehicles
• Technical Committee: TC 69 - Electrical power/energy transfer systems for electrically propelled road vehicles and industrial trucks
• Drafting Committee: WG 10 - TC 69/WG 10
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 18-Jul-2023
• Completion Date: 31-Oct-2022

Overview

IEC TS 61851-3-4:2023 is a Technical Specification in the IEC 61851 family that defines CANopen communication for DC conductive charging equipment where protective measures rely on double or reinforced insulation. It focuses on the communication needed for the conductive transfer of electric power between the supply network and an electric road vehicle (EV), removable rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS) or on-board RESS. The document targets the Energy Management System (EMS) used to control power transfer between battery systems and Voltage Converter Units (VCUs).

Keywords: IEC TS 61851-3-4, CANopen communication, DC EV supply equipment, EMS, VCU, RESS, conductive charging.

Key Topics and Requirements

• Scope & Terminology: General definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms specific to CANopen in EV DC charging contexts.
• Physical Layer & Network Basics: Specifications for medium access, transmission rates, Node-ID assignment and acceptable network topologies.
• Error Handling: Enhanced emergency messaging, predefined error fields, error behaviour and additional error codes for safe interoperability.
• Operating Principles: Functional descriptions for voltages, currents, device connection/disconnection, EMS activation and “sleep” power-management modes.
• Virtual EMS Architecture: Definitions of General Application Object (GAO), Energy Management System Controller (EMSC), VCU, battery system, optional security and manufacturer-specific virtual devices.
• Finite State Automaton (FSA): Device modelling and state transitions for EMS components.
• CANopen Services: Network management (NMT), SDO and PDO communication, bootloader behaviour (modes, application start/stop, file formats and error management).
• Analogue Value Representation: Standardized encoding for electrical, mechanical and other analogue quantities (voltage, current, power, temperature, time).
• Annexes: Architecture/use cases, EMSC object dictionaries, implementation guidelines, and power-management via sleep.

Practical Applications

• Ensures interoperability between EVs, stationary DC EV supply equipment and removable RESS using CANopen.
• Guides OEMs and suppliers of EV battery systems, VCUs and charging hardware on implementing required EMS communication patterns.
• Used by system integrators and software developers implementing EMS controllers, CANopen stacks, bootloader/update logic and failure/recovery handling.
• Helps test laboratories and certification bodies develop test plans and conformance checks for CANopen-based EV charging systems.
• Supports design of energy-aware charging solutions: controlled power transfer, load sharing, and safety-compliant communication in DC charging deployments.

Who Should Use This Standard

• EV manufacturers, charging-station and DC supply equipment vendors
• EMS, VCU and battery-system developers
• CANopen stack vendors and embedded software engineers
• Test labs, certification authorities and system integrators

Related Standards

• IEC 61851 series (general conductive charging requirements)
• Companion profiles: IEC TS 61851-3-5, -3-6, -3-7 (part of the basic application profile for EMS)

This TS is essential when implementing CANopen-based energy management for DC EV charging systems to ensure safe, interoperable, and standardized communication between chargers, vehicles and storage systems.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC TS 61851-3-4 ®
Edition 1.0 2023-07
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Electric vehicles conductive charging system –
Part 3-4: DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on double or
reinforced insulation – General definitions and requirements for CANopen
communication
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IEC TS 61851-3-4 ®
Edition 1.0 2023-07
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Electric vehicles conductive charging system –

Part 3-4: DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on double or

reinforced insulation – General definitions and requirements for CANopen

communication
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 43.120 ISBN 978-2-8322-5730-2

– 2 – IEC TS 61851-3-4:2023  IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 8
INTRODUCTION . 10
1 Scope . 12
2 Normative references . 12
3 Terms and definitions . 13
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 16
5 General conditions for the tests . 17
6 Physical layer specification . 18
6.1 General . 18
6.2 Medium access unit . 18
6.3 Transmission rates. 18
6.4 Node-ID assignment . 18
6.5 Network topology . 19
6.6 Gateway . 19
7 Error handling . 19
7.1 General . 19
7.2 Enhancement of the emergency message handling . 19
7.3 Pre-defined error field . 21
7.4 Error behaviour . 21
7.5 Additional error codes . 22
8 Operating principles . 23
8.1 General . 23
8.2 Functional description . 23
8.2.1 General . 23
8.2.2 Voltages, currents, loads . 23
8.2.3 Activating of the energy management system (EMS) . 24
8.2.4 Connection and disconnection of devices . 25
8.2.5 "Sleep" . 25
8.3 Use case specific definitions for EMSs in EVs . 25
8.3.1 General . 25
8.3.2 EMS in operation . 25
8.3.3 Design and implementation for EV supply system configurations Types
"A-F" . 26
8.4 Virtual architecture of the EMS . 31
8.4.1 General . 31
8.4.2 Standard virtual EMS control network . 31
8.4.3 General application object (GAO) . 32
8.4.4 Energy management system controller (EMSC) . 33
8.4.5 Voltage converter unit (VCU) . 33
8.4.6 Battery system . 33
8.4.7 Security unit (optional) . 34
8.4.8 Manufacturer-specific virtual devices (optional) . 34
9 Finite state automaton (device modelling) . 34
9.1 General . 34
9.2 EMS finite state automaton (FSA) . 35
9.2.1 State definition . 35

9.2.2 Transitions of the EMS FSA . 37
10 General CANopen communication capabilities in EMSs . 38
10.1 Network management . 38
10.2 SDO communication . 39
10.3 PDO communication . 39
10.4 Bootloader . 39
10.4.1 General . 39
10.4.2 Bootloader mode . 39
10.4.3 Starting and stopping the application program . 40
10.4.4 Application program file format . 41
10.4.5 Error management . 45
11 Representation of analogue values . 45
11.1 General . 45
11.2 Representation of generic analogue values . 45
11.2.1 Percent . 45
11.2.2 Temperature . 45
11.2.3 Temperature rate (∆T) . 45
11.2.4 Time (days) . 45
11.2.5 Time (minutes) . 45
11.2.6 Time (milliseconds) . 45
11.3 Electrical-related analogue value representation . 46
11.3.1 Current . 46
11.3.2 Electric charge. 46
11.3.3 Electric charge (for statistical purposes) . 46
11.3.4 Electric charge rate . 46
11.3.5 Energy power (for statistical purposes) . 46
11.3.6 Energy power . 46
11.3.7 Frequency . 46
11.3.8 Power . 46
11.3.9 Power factor . 46
11.3.10 Resistor . 46
11.3.11 Voltage . 46
11.4 Mechanical-related analogue value representation (optional) . 46
11.4.1 Angle/circular position . 46
11.4.2 Distance (long) . 47
11.4.3 Distance (short) . 47
11.4.4 Force . 47
11.4.5 Rotational speed. 47
11.4.6 Revolutions . 47
11.4.7 Torque . 47
11.4.8 Velocity . 47
11.5 Optical-related analogue value representation – Colour/brightness . 47
Annex A (informative) System architecture and use cases . 48
A.1 General . 48
A.2 Application profile for EMS . 48
A.2.1 General . 48
A.2.2 Maximum possible devices on a virtual EMS control network . 48
A.2.3 Minimum virtual EMS control network . 49
A.3 General application object. 50

– 4 – IEC TS 61851-3-4:2023  IEC 2023
A.3.1 General . 50
A.3.2 Motor control unit . 50
A.3.3 Load monitoring unit . 50
A.3.4 Generator unit . 51
A.3.5 Load unit . 51
A.3.6 HMI unit . 51
A.3.7 Sensor unit . 51
A.3.8 Gateway . 51
A.3.9 IEC 61850 gateway . 51
A.4 Use cases (informative) . 51
A.4.1 EV use case . 51
A.4.2 Stationary use case . 52
Annex B (normative) Energy management system controller (EMSC) . 55
B.1 General . 55
B.2 Object dictionary . 55
B.2.1 General . 55
B.2.2 NMT communication objects . 55
B.2.3 Produced application objects . 56
B.2.4 Consumed application objects . 59
B.3 Tasks of an EMSC . 64
B.3.1 General . 64
B.3.2 Start-up . 65
B.3.3 Compatibility check . 65
B.3.4 Releasing devices . 65
B.3.5 "Sleep"- mode. 66
Annex C (informative) Implementation guidelines . 67
C.1 General . 67
C.2 Timings . 67
C.2.1 General . 67
C.2.2 Start up . 67
C.3 Master handling . 67
C.3.1 General . 67
C.3.2 Detecting master availability . 67
C.3.3 EMSC SDO handling . 67
C.4 Design of voltage converter unit communication for EVs . 68
C.4.1 Use cases. 68
C.4.2 Recommended power transfer protocol . 69
Annex D (normative) Power management via "sleep" . 79
D.1 General . 79
D.2 Operation principles . 79
D.2.1 General . 79
D.2.2 Pre-conditions . 79
D.2.3 Finite state automaton for power management . 79
D.3 Services . 81
D.3.1 General . 81
D.3.2 Service "query sleep objection" and "sleep objection" . 81
D.3.3 Service Set "sleep" . 82
D.3.4 Service "wake-up" . 83
D.3.5 Service "request sleep" . 84

D.4 Protocols . 84
D.4.1 Protocol "query sleep objection" . 84
D.4.2 Protocol "sleep objection" . 84
D.4.3 Protocol set "sleep" . 85
D.4.4 Protocol "wake-up" . 85
D.4.5 Protocol "request sleep" . 87
D.5 Power management timing – Sleep/wake-up . 87
D.6 Miscellaneous timing values . 88
Annex E (informative) Handling of multiple energy loads/sources. 89
E.1 General . 89
E.2 Consecutive power transfer to battery systems without power loss. 89
E.3 Parallel charge and discharge . 90
Annex F (normative) Communication connector . 92
F.1 General . 92
F.2 Configuration of 4-II for configuration type B . 92
F.3 NFC description . 93
F.4 Communication connector . 98
Annex G (informative) Orientation . 100
G.1 General . 100
G.2 Orientation definitions for pedal driven EVs. 100
G.3 Orientations for non- pedal driven EV applications . 100
Bibliography . 102

Figure 1 – Protocol emergency write for energy management applications . 20
Figure 2 – EV supply system cConfiguration type A . 27
Figure 3 – EV supply system configuration type B . 28
Figure 4 – EV supply system cConfiguration type C . 29
Figure 5 – EV supply system configuration type D . 29
Figure 6 – EV supply sytem configuration type E . 30
Figure 7 – EV supply system configuration type F . 30
Figure 8 – Conversion device for configuration type C . 31
Figure 9 – Virtual standard architecture of the EMS . 32
Figure 10 – Remote and local control . 35
Figure 11 – EMS FSA . 37
Figure 12 – Flow chart for switching between bootloader mode and application . 40
Figure 13 – Application program . 41
Figure 14 – Program identifier 1 . 41
Figure 15 – Program identifier 2 . 41
Figure 16 – Program identifier 3 . 42
Figure 17 – Program identifier 4 . 42
Figure 18 – Program identifier 5 . 42
Figure 19 – Example for program identifier handling . 43
Figure 20 – Object structure. 47
Figure A.1 – Virtual maximum architecture of the EMS. 49
Figure A.2 – Virtual minimum architecture of the EMS . 50

– 6 – IEC TS 61851-3-4:2023  IEC 2023
Figure A.3 – EMS application in EV . 52
Figure A.4 – Typically stationary photovoltaic hybrid off-grid application . 53
Figure A.5 – Use case according to self-consumption regulation . 54
Figure B.1 – Value structure . 56
Figure B.2 – Object structure . 57
Figure B.3 – Value structure . 58
Figure B.4 – Value structure . 64
Figure C.1 – Voltage converter unit used as power supply for EV . 69
Figure C.2 – Sequence diagram for startup of the connection . 70
Figure C.3 – Sequence diagram "New device connected" . 71
Figure C.4 – Preparation of the power transfer procedure . 72
Figure C.5 – Configuration of limitations . 75
Figure C.6 – Start up procedure for initiate power transfer . 76
Figure C.7 – Power transfer in progress . 78
Figure D.1 – Power management FSA . 80
Figure D.2 – "Sleep" inhibited by objection . 82
Figure D.3 – Transition into "sleep" without objection . 82
Figure D.4 – Execution of "query sleep objection" service for a device in "sleep" . 83
Figure D.5 – Execution of "wake-up" service . 83
Figure D.6 – Execution of "request sleep" service . 84
Figure D.7 – Protocol "query sleep objection" . 84
Figure D.8 – Protocol "sleep objection" . 85
Figure D.9 – Protocol set "sleep" . 85
Figure D.10 – Protocol "wake-up" . 86
Figure D.11 – Protocol "wake-up" . 86
Figure D.12 – Protocol "request sleep" . 87
Figure D.13 – "Query sleep objection" protocol timing . 87
Figure F.1 – Configuration 4-II communication only . 93
Figure F.2 – Position of NFC . 95
Figure F.3 – Latching device . 96
Figure F.4 – Position of NFC in vehicle inlet and socket-outlet according to IEC TS
62169-4:2019 sheet 4-II . 97
Figure F.5 – Overview . 97
Figure F.6 – Communication connector details . 98
Figure F.7 – Overview of communication connector . 99
Figure G.1 – Orientation definition for EVs . 100
Figure G.2 – Position of axes relative to orientation . 101

Table 1 – DRI EV supply equipment and external device node-ID assignment . 19
Table 2 – Value definition for EMCY message . 21
Table 3 – Additional error codes . 22
Table 4 – State description . 36
Table 5 – Events and actions . 38

Table 6 – Value definition . 44
Table B.1 – Value definition . 56
Table B.2 – Object description . 57
Table B.3 – Entry description . 57
Table B.4 – Value definition EV type . 57
Table B.5 – Value definition speed . 58
Table B.6 – Object description . 58
Table B.7 – Entry description . 58
Table B.8 – Value definition . 59
Table B.9 – Object description . 59
Table B.10 – Entry description . 59
Table B.11 – Value definition . 60
Table B.12 – Object description . 60
Table B.13 – Entry description . 61
Table B.14 – Value definition . 62
Table B.15 – Object description . 62
Table B.16 – Entry description . 63
Table B.17 – Value definition . 64
Table B.18 – Object description . 64
Table B.19 – Entry description . 64
Table B.20 – Compatibility check . 65
Table C.1 – Data transfer from battery system to VCU's . 73
Table C.2 – Additional parameters relevant for power transfer process . 73
Table C.3 – Additional parameters relevant for power transfer process . 73
Table C.4 – Most important parameters for limiting . 74
Table C.5 – Limit calculation for battery systems . 75
Table C.6 – Data transfer from battery to VCUs . 77
Table C.7 – Data transfer from VCUs to the battery . 77
Table D.1 – State description . 80
Table D.2 – Events and actions . 81
Table D.3 – Timing values for "query sleep objection" . 87
Table D.4 – Timing values for "sleep" wait time . 88
Table D.5 – Miscellaneous timing values . 88
Table E.1 – Example for battery system switching procedure . 90
Table E.2 – Example for battery system handling in parallel. 91
Table F.1 – NDEF message . 94
Table F.2 – NFC description . 94

– 8 – IEC TS 61851-3-4:2023  IEC 2023
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRIC VEHICLES CONDUCTIVE CHARGING SYSTEM –

Part 3-4: DC EV supply equipment where protection relies
on double or reinforced insulation – General definitions and
requirements for CANopen communication

FOREWORD
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9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC TS 61851-3-4 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 69: Electrical power/energy
transfer systems for electrically propelled road vehicles and industrial trucks. It is a Technical
Specification.
The text of this Technical Specification is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
69/650/DTS 69/671/RVDTS
69/671A/RVDTS
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this Technical Specification is English.

This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
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– notes: in small roman type;
– text formatted in bold and using mixed capital and underline are used as state names
and are not to be translated.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61851 series, published under the general title Electric vehicles
conductive charging system, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
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– 10 – IEC TS 61851-3-4:2023  IEC 2023
INTRODUCTION
This document is published in separate parts according to the following structure:
IEC TS 61851-3-1, Electric vehicles conductive charging system – Part 3-1: DC EV supply
equipment where protection relies on double or reinforced insulation – General rules and
requirements for stationary equipment
IEC TS 61851-3-2, Electric vehicles conductive charging system – Part 3-2: r DC EV supply
equipment where protection relies on double or reinforced insulation – Portable and mobile DRI
EV supply equipment
IEC TS 61851-3-4, Electric vehicles conductive charging system – Part 3-4:DC EV supply
equipment where protection relies on double or reinforced insulation – General definitions and
requirements for CANopen communication
IEC TS 61851-3-5, Electric vehicles conductive charging system – Part 3-5:DC EV supply
equipment where protection relies on double or reinforced insulation – Pre-defined
communication parameters and general application objects
IEC TS 61851-3-6, Electric vehicles conductive charging system – Part 3-6:DC EV supply
equipment where protection relies on double or reinforced insulation – Voltage converter unit
communication
IEC TS 61851-3-7, Electric vehicles conductive charging system – Part 3-7:DC EV supply
equipment where protection relies on double or reinforced insulation – Battery system
communication
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