IEC 62301:2011
(Main)Household electrical appliances - Measurement of standby power
Household electrical appliances - Measurement of standby power
IEC 62301:2011 specifies methods of measurement of electrical power consumption in standby mode(s) and other low power modes (off mode and network mode), as applicable. It is applicable to electrical products with a rated input voltage or voltage range that lies wholly or partly in the range 100 V a.c. to 250 V a.c. for single phase products and 130 V a.c. to 480 V a.c. for other products. The objective of this standard is to provide a method of test to determine the power consumption of a range of products in relevant low power modes (see 3.4), generally where the product is not in active mode (i.e. not performing a primary function). This standard does not specify safety requirements. It does not specify minimum performance requirements nor does it set maximum limits on power or energy consumption. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2005 and constitutes a technical revision. The main changes from the previous edition are as follows:
- greater detail in set-up procedures and introduction of stability requirements for all measurement methods to ensure that results are as representative as possible;
- refinement of measurement uncertainty requirements for power measuring instruments, especially for more difficult loads with high crest factor and/or low power factor;
- updated guidance on product configuration, instrumentation and calculation of measurement uncertainty;
- inclusion of definitions for low power modes as requested by TC59 and use of these new definitions and more rigorous terminology throughout the standard;
- inclusion of specific test conditions where power consumption is affected by ambient illumination.
Appareils électrodomestiques - Mesure de la consommation en veille
La CEI 62301:2011 spécifie les méthodes de mesure de la consommation électrique en mode veille et dans d'autres modes faible puissance (mode arrêt et mode réseau), selon le cas. Elle s'applique aux produits électriques dont la tension assignée ou la plage de tensions est totalement ou partiellement comprise dans la plage de 100 V à 250 V, en courant alternatif, pour les produits monophasés et dans la plage de 130 V à 480 V, en courant alternatif, pour les autres produits. L'objet de cette norme est de fournir une méthode d'essai pour déterminer la consommation d'une gamme de produits dans les modes faible puissance correspondants (voir 3.4), généralement quand le produit n'est pas en mode actif (c'est-à-dire quand il n'effectue pas une fonction principale). La présente norme ne spécifie pas des exigences de sécurité. Elle ne précise pas les exigences d'aptitude à la fonction minimales et ne définit pas non plus les limites maximales de la consommation de puissance ou d'énergie. Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition parue en 2005, dont elle constitue une révision technique. Les principales modifications par rapport à l'édition précédente sont indiquées ci-après:
- les procédures sont plus détaillées et des exigences de stabilité ont été introduites pour toutes les méthodes de mesures dans le but d'obtenir des résultats aussi représentatifs que possible;
- les lignes directrices relatives à la configuration des produits, aux appareils de mesure et aux calculs des incertitudes de mesure ont été mises à jour;
- des conditions d'essai spécifiques pour les appareils dont la consommation d'énergie est affectée par la luminosité ambiante ont été introduites.
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Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 62301 ®
Edition 2.0 2011-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Household electrical appliances – Measurement of standby power
Appareils électrodomestiques – Mesure de la consommation en veille
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IEC 62301 ®
Edition 2.0 2011-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Household electrical appliances – Measurement of standby power
Appareils électrodomestiques – Mesure de la consommation en veille
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
X
CODE PRIX
ICS 17.220.20; 97.030 ISBN 978-2-88912-329-2
– 2 – 62301 IEC:2011
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 General conditions for measurements. 10
4.1 General . 10
4.2 Test room . 10
4.3 Power supply . 10
4.3.1 Supply voltage and frequency . 10
4.3.2 Supply voltage waveform . 11
4.4 Power measuring instruments . 11
4.4.1 Power measurement uncertainty . 11
4.4.2 Power measurement frequency response . 12
4.4.3 Power measurement long term averaging requirement . 12
5 Measurements . 13
5.1 General . 13
5.2 Preparation of product . 13
5.3 Procedure . 14
5.3.1 General . 14
5.3.2 Sampling method . 14
5.3.3 Average reading method . 16
5.3.4 Direct meter reading method . 16
6 Test report. 17
6.1 Product details . 17
6.2 Test parameters . 17
6.3 Measured data, for each product mode as applicable . 17
6.4 Test and laboratory details . 18
Annex A (informative) Guidance on modes and functions for selected product types . 19
Annex B (informative) Notes on the measurement of low power modes . 26
Annex C (informative) Converting power values to energy . 34
Annex D (informative) Determination of uncertainty of measurement . 36
Bibliography . 41
Figure A.1 – Circuit diagram images by type . 25
Figure B.1 – Connection arrangement for products powered directly from an a.c. power
supply for lower power loads . 32
Figure B.2 – Connection arrangement for a product powered via an external power
supply for lower power loads . 32
Figure B.3 – Connection arrangement for a product powered directly from the a.c. main
supply for higher power loads . 33
Figure B.4 – Connection arrangement for a product powered via an external power
supply for higher power loads . 33
62301 IEC:2011 – 3 –
Table 1 – Typical nominal electricity supply details for some regions . 11
Table A.1 – Table of devices, their functions and their associated modes – for
guidance only . 22
– 4 – 62301 IEC:2011
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
MEASUREMENT OF STANDBY POWER
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
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in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
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patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62301 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 59:
Performance of household and similar electrical appliances.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2005 and constitutes a
technical revision. The main changes from the previous edition are as follows:
– greater detail in set-up procedures and introduction of stability requirements for all
measurement methods to ensure that results are as representative as possible;
– refinement of measurement uncertainty requirements for power measuring instruments,
especially for more difficult loads with high crest factor and/or low power factor;
– updated guidance on product configuration, instrumentation and calculation of
measurement uncertainty;
– inclusion of definitions for low power modes as requested by TC59 and use of these new
definitions and more rigorous terminology throughout the standard;
– inclusion of specific test conditions where power consumption is affected by ambient
illumination.
62301 IEC:2011 – 5 –
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
59/555/FDIS 59/561/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
Words in bold in the text are defined in Clause 3 Terms and definitions.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 6 – 62301 IEC:2011
INTRODUCTION
The methods defined in this standard are intended to cover low power modes. They are not
intended to be used to measure power consumption of products during active mode (also
called “on mode“), as these are generally covered by IEC or other product standards (see
Bibliography for some examples), although the measuring techniques, measurement
uncertainty determination and test equipment specifications could be adapted for such
measurements with careful review.
62301 IEC:2011 – 7 –
HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
MEASUREMENT OF STANDBY POWER
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies methods of measurement of electrical power consump-
tion in standby mode(s) and other low power modes (off mode and network mode), as
applicable. It is applicable to electrical products with a rated input voltage or voltage range
that lies wholly or partly in the range 100 V a.c. to 250 V a.c. for single phase products and
130 V a.c. to 480 V a.c. for other products.
The objective of this standard is to provide a method of test to determine the power
consumption of a range of products in relevant low power modes (see 3.4), generally where
the product is not in active mode (i.e. not performing a primary function).
NOTE 1 The measurement of energy consumption and performance of products during intended use are generally
specified in the relevant product standards and are not covered by this standard.
NOTE 2 The term “products” in this standard means energy using products such as household appliances or other
equipment within the scope of TC 59. However, the measurement methodology could be applied to other products.
NOTE 3 Where this International standard is referenced by performance standards or procedures, these should
define and name the relevant low power modes (see 3.4) to which this test procedure is applied.
NOTE 4 The inclusion of DC powered products within the scope of this standard is under consideration.
This standard does not specify safety requirements. It does not specify minimum performance
requirements nor does it set maximum limits on power or energy consumption.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-131, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 131: Circuit theory
IEC 60050-300, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Electrical and electronic
measurements and measuring instruments – Part 311: General terms relating to measure-
ments – Part 312: General terms relating to electrical measurements – Part 313: Types of
electrical measuring instruments – Part 314: Specific terms according to the type of
instrument
– 8 – 62301 IEC:2011
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions contained in IEC 60050-131 and
IEC 60050-300 as well as the following definitions apply.
3.1
function
a predetermined operation undertaken by the energy using product. Functions may be
controlled by an interaction of the user, of other technical systems, of the system itself, from
measurable inputs from the environment and/or time
In this standard, functions are grouped into 4 main types:
• user oriented secondary functions (see 3.6 - standby mode)
• network related secondary functions (see 3.7 - network mode)
• primary functions (see 3.8 - active mode, which is not the focus of this standard)
• other functions (these functions do not affect the mode classification).
NOTE A list of typical functions that may be found in products is included in Annex A. Accurate recording and
documentation of functions in the relevant product mode is a key element of documentation in this standard (see
6.3). Function types are generally classified as primary or secondary (remote, network, sensing and protective).
3.2
mode
a state that has no function, one function or a combination of functions present
NOTE 1 The low power mode categories in this standard are intended to provide guidance for the development
of specific mode definitions for TC59 products by the relevant subcommittees.
NOTE 2 Annex A provides guidance on expected modes found in various product configurations and designs
based on their circuitry and layout, but it does not define these modes. Annex A also provides background and
guidance to users of this International standard regarding the development of mode definitions for specific
products.
NOTE 3 See Annex C for examples of how to calculate total energy consumption from power measurements
where the duration of each relevant mode is known.
3.3
product mode
mode where the functions present, if any, and whether these are activated, depend on the
particular product configuration
NOTE The issue of devising appropriate names for product modes is a matter for the relevant product
committees. While a product mode name should generally reflect the functions that are activated, they need not
contain the terms “standby” or “network” even where the product mode falls within these mode categories.
3.4
low power mode
a product mode that falls into one of the following broad mode categories:
• off mode(s)
• standby mode(s)
• network mode(s)
NOTE 1 Low power modes are classified into one of the mode categories above (where applicable) on the basis
of the functions that are present and activated in each relevant mode. Where other functions are present in a
product mode (in addition to the ones required for the mode categories specified above), these functions do not
affect the mode classification.
NOTE 2 Low power mode categories are defined in order to provide guidance to users of this international
standard and to provide a consistent framework for the development of low power modes.
62301 IEC:2011 – 9 –
NOTE 3 Any transition that occurs between modes, either through user intervention or automatically, is not
considered to be a mode.
NOTE 4 Not all low power mode categories are present on all products. Some products may have more than one
product mode in each of the low power mode categories with different combination of functions activated. The
power consumption in each low power mode depends on the product design and the functions which are
activated in the particular product mode.
3.5
off mode(s)
any product modes where the energy using product is connected to a mains power source
and is not providing any standby mode, network mode or active mode function and where
the mode usually persists. An indicator that only shows the user that the product is in the off
position is included within the classification of off mode.
NOTE Guidance on modes and functions may be found in Annex A.
3.6
standby mode(s)
any product modes where the energy using product is connected to a mains power source
and offers one or more of the following user oriented or protective functions which usually
persist
• to facilitate the activation of other modes (including activation or deactivation of active
mode) by remote switch (including remote control), internal sensor, timer;
• continuous function: information or status displays including clocks;
• continuous function: sensor-based functions
NOTE Guidance on modes and functions may be found in Annex A. A timer is a continuous clock function
(which may or may not be associated with a display) that provides regular scheduled tasks (e.g. switching) and that
operates on a continuous basis.
3.7
network mode(s)
any product modes where the energy using product is connected to a mains power source
and at least one network function is activated (such as reactivation via network command or
network integrity communication) but where the primary function is not active
NOTE Where a network function is provided but is not active and/or not connected to a network, then this mode
is not applicable. A network function could become active intermittently according to a fixed schedule or in
response to a network requirement. A “network” in this context includes communication between two or more
separate independently powered devices or products. A network does not include one or more controls which are
dedicated to a single product. Network mode may include one or more standby functions.
3.8
active mode(s)
a product mode where the energy using product is connected to a mains power source and
at least one primary function is activated
NOTE The common terms “on”, “in-use” and “normal operation” also describe this mode.
3.9
disconnected mode
the state where all connections to mains power sources of the energy using product are
removed or interrupted
NOTE Common terms “unplugged” or “cut off from mains” also describe this mode. This mode is not part of the
low power mode category.
3.10
rated voltage
supply voltage (range) designated by the manufacturer
– 10 – 62301 IEC:2011
3.11
rated frequency
supply frequency (range) designated by the manufacturer
3.12
instructions for use
information that is provided for users of the product
NOTE Instructions for use would include a user manual and may be in paper or electronic form. Instructions
for use do not include any special directions provided by the product supplier to the test laboratory especially for
testing purposes.
4 General conditions for measurements
4.1 General
Unless otherwise specified, measurements shall be made under the test conditions and with
measuring instruments specified in 4.2 to 4.4.
4.2 Test room
The tests shall be carried out in a room that has an air speed close to the product under test
of ≤0,5 m/s. The ambient temperature shall be maintained at (23 ± 5) °C throughout the test.
Where the product has an ambient light sensor that affects the power consumption, the test
shall be carried out with controlled ambient light conditions. Where the illuminance levels are
externally defined (in a test procedure or in the instructions for use), these values shall be
used. Where no illuminance levels are stated or defined, reference illuminance levels of
>300 lx and <10 lx shall be used.
Information on the method used to achieve the above illuminance levels, where relevant, shall
be recorded in the test report (see 6.3). Where values of illuminance are given, they shall be
measured as close to the product's light sensor as practical.
NOTE The measured power for some products and modes could be affected by the ambient conditions (e.g.
illuminance, temperature).
4.3 Power supply
4.3.1 Supply voltage and frequency
Where this standard is referenced by an external standard or regulation that specifies a test
voltage and frequency, the test voltage and frequency so defined shall be used for all tests.
Where the test voltage and frequency are not defined by an external standard, the test
voltage and the test frequency shall be the nominal voltage and the nominal frequency of the
country for which the measurement is being determined ±1 % (see Table 1).
NOTE A stabilised power supply may be required to meet these requirements.
62301 IEC:2011 – 11 –
Table 1 – Typical nominal electricity supply details for some regions
a
Country/Region Nominal voltage and frequency
Europe 230 V, 50 Hz
North America 115 V, 60 Hz
b
Japan 100 V, 50/60 Hz
China 220 V, 50 Hz
Australia and New Zealand 230 V, 50 Hz
a
Values are for single phase only. Some single phase supply voltages can be double the nominal voltage above
(centre transformer tap). The voltage between two phases of a three-phase system is 1,73 times single phase
values (e.g. 400 V for Europe). Thus these multiples of the listed nominal voltage are also the nominal voltage
for some products (e.g. ovens and clothes dryers) in some markets.
b
“50 Hz” is applicable for the Eastern part and “60 Hz” for the Western part, respectively.
4.3.2 Supply voltage waveform
The total harmonic content of the supply voltage when supplying the product under test in the
th
specified mode shall not exceed 2 % (up to and including the 13 harmonic); harmonic
content is defined as the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) summation of the individual components
using the fundamental as 100 %. The value of the harmonic content of the voltage supply
shall be recorded during the test and reported (see 6.3).
In addition to the above, the ratio of peak value to r.m.s. value of the test voltage (i.e. crest
factor) when supplying the product under test shall be between 1,34 and 1,49.
NOTE Power supplies meeting IEC 61000-3-2 are likely to meet the above requirements.
4.4 Power measuring instruments
NOTE Many power meters can also record harmonic content, as required by 4.3.2.
4.4.1 Power measurement uncertainty
This section covers the requirements for uncertainty introduced by the instrument that
measures the input power to the product under test, including any external shunts.
The maximum permitted uncertainty of measurement depends on the size of the load and the
characteristics of the load. The key characteristic of the load used to determine the maximum
permitted uncertainty is the Maximum Current Ratio (MCR), which is calculated as follows:
Crest Factor (CF)
Maximum Current Ratio (MCR) =
Power Factor (PF)
where
• the Crest Factor (CF) is the measured peak current drawn by the product divided by
the measured r.m.s. current drawn by the product;
• the Power Factor (PF) is a characteristic of the power consumed by the product. It is
the ratio of the measured real power to the measured apparent power.
a) Permitted uncertainty for values of MCR ≤10
– 12 – 62301 IEC:2011
For measured power values of greater than or equal to 1,0 W, the maximum permitted relative
uncertainty introduced by the power measurement equipment, U , shall be equal to or less
mr
than 2 % of the measured power value at the 95 % confidence level.
For measured power values of less than 1,0 W, the maximum permitted absolute uncertainty
introduced by the power measurement equipment, U , shall be equal to or less than 0,02 W
ma
at the 95 % confidence level.
b) Permitted uncertainty for values of MCR >10
The value of U shall be determined using the following equation:
pc
[ ( { })]
U = 0,02 × 1+ 0,08 × MCR − 10
pc
where U is the maximum permitted relative uncertainty for cases where the MCR is > 10.
pc
For measured power values of greater than or equal to 1,0 W, the maximum permitted relative
uncertainty introduced by the power measurement equipment shall be equal to or less than
U at the 95 % confidence level.
pc
For measured power values of less than 1,0 W, the permitted absolute uncertainty shall be
the greater of U (0,02 W) or U when expressed as an absolute uncertainty in W
ma pc
(U × measured value) at the 95 % confidence level.
pc
NOTE 1 It is preferred that the power measuring instrument detects, indicates, signals and records any “out of
range” conditions.
NOTE 2 See Annex D and the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) for further details.
NOTE 3 Although a specification for the power meter in terms of allowable crest factor is not included here, it is
important that the peak current of the measured waveform does not exceed the permitted measurable peak current
for the range selected, otherwise the uncertainty requirements above will not be achieved. See B.1.2 for an
example calculation for U and for more information.
pc
For products connected to more than one phase, the power measuring instrument shall be
capable of measuring the total power of all phases connected.
Where the power is measured using the accumulated energy method (see 5.3.3) the
calculated power measurement uncertainty shall meet the above requirements.
4.4.2 Power measurement frequency response
The power measuring instrument shall be capable of meeting the requirements of 4.4.1 when
measuring the following:
• DC
• AC with a frequency from 10 Hz to 2 000 Hz.
NOTE If the power meter contains a bandwidth limiting filter, it should be capable of being taken out of the
measurement circuit.
4.4.3 Power measurement long term averaging requirement
Where it is necessary to perform measurements in accordance with 5.3.3, the power
measuring instrument shall either be capable of
– measuring the average power over any operated selected time interval, or;
– integrating energy over any operator selected time interval.
62301 IEC:2011 – 13 –
NOTE A data recording capability (sampling) or output to a computer or data recorder is the most desirable
capability as required by 5.3.2 – see B.2.5 for further information.
5 Measurements
5.1 General
The purpose of this test method is to determine the power consumption in the relevant
product mode, which is either persistent or of a limited duration. A mode is considered to be
persistent where the power level is constant or where there are several power levels that
occur in a regular sequence for an indefinite period of time.
NOTE 1 During transition from one mode to another (either automatic or user initiated) some products could wait
in a higher power state while transition tasks are performed or circuits are energized or de-energized, so they can
take some time to enter a stable state.
NOTE 2 Where the product mode changes automatically it can sometimes be necessary to operate a product
through the automatic sequence several times on a trial basis to ensure that sequence is fully understood and
documented before test results are recorded and reported. A sequence of separate product modes could also
exhibit a regular ongoing pattern of power levels. See Annex B for further guidance.
NOTE 3 While limited duration modes may be documented using measurements to this standard, the results for
such modes should be reported as an energy consumption (Wh) and duration. A product mode that is stable
should persist without any user intervention.
5.2 Preparation of product
Tests in this standard are to be performed on a single product.
The product shall be prepared and set up in accordance with the instructions for use, except
where these conflict with the requirements of this standard and / or the relevant product
performance standard. If no instructions for use are available, then factory or “default”
settings shall be used, or where there are no indications for such settings, the product is
tested as supplied.
NOTE An appropriate product standard would be, for example, IEC 60436 (dishwashers) or IEC 60456 (washing
machines).
Once a product has been selected and is ready for testing, the following steps shall be
followed and documented in the test report as applicable:
– remove the product from packaging (where applicable);
– read the instructions for use and configure the product in accordance with these
instructions;
– determine if the product contains a sensor affecting the measurement result, e.g. an
ambient light sensor;
– determine if the product contains a battery and whether the product contains circuitry for
recharging a rechargeable battery. Reference shall be made to determine whether there is
a legal provision which specifies the conditions to be applied, otherwise the following shall
apply. For products containing a recharging circuit, the power consumed in
• off mode and standby mode shall be measured after precautions have been taken to
ensure that the battery is not being charged during the test, e.g. by removing the
battery where this is possible, or ensuring that the battery is kept fully charged if the
battery is not removable;
• a maintenance mode shall be measured with the batteries installed and fully charged
before any measurements are undertaken.
– refer to the relevant product test procedure, external requirement (e.g. regulation) or
instructions for use that specifies the product mode(s) to test (where applicable). The
product modes tested should be consumer relevant and representative of expected
– 14 – 62301 IEC:2011
normal use. Where instructions for use provide configuration options, each relevant
option should be separately tested. Active mode(s) should be measured in accordance
with the relevant performance standard for the product;
– undertake testing on relevant product modes in accordance with Subclause 5.3;
– classify each of the product modes tested into one of the low power mode categories
(see Subclause 3.4) or other mode as applicable.
5.3 Procedure
5.3.1 General
Within this standard, power consumption shall be determined by
– the sampling method: by the use of an instrument to record power measurements at
regular intervals throughout the measurement period (see 5.3.2). Sampling is the
preferred method of measurement for all modes and product types under this standard.
For modes where power varies in a cyclic fashion or is unstable, or for limited duration
modes, sampling is the only measurement method permitted under this standard; or
– the average reading method: where the power value is stable and the mode is stable, by
averaging the instrument power readings over a specified period or, alternatively by
recording the energy consumption over a specified period and dividing by the time (see
5.3.3 for details of when this method is valid); or
– the direct meter reading method: where the power value is stable and the mode is stable,
by recording the instrument power reading (see 5.3.4 for details of when this method is
valid).
NOTE Determination of an average power from accumulated energy over a time period is equivalent. Energy
accumulators are more common than functions to average power over an operator specified period.
5.3.2 Sampling method
This methodology shall be used where either the power is not stable (cyclic or unstable) or
the mode is of limited duration. It also provides the fastest test method when the mode is
stable. However, it may also be used for all modes and is the recommended approach for all
measurements under this International standard. It should be used if there is any doubt
regarding the behaviour of the product or stability of the mode.
Connect the product to the power supply and power measuring instrument. Select the
product mode to be measured (this could require a sequence of operations, including waiting
for the product to automatically enter the desired mode) and commence recording the power.
Power readings, together with other key parameters such as voltage and current, shall be
recorded at equal intervals of not more than 1 s for the minimum period specified.
NOTE 1 Data collection at equal intervals of 0,25 s or faster is recommended for loads that are unsteady or where
there are any regular or irregular power fluctuations.
Where the power consumption within a mode is not cyclic, the average power is assessed as
follows:
– the product shall be energised for not less than 15 min; this is the total period;
– any data from the first one third of the total period is always discarded. Data recorded
in the second two thirds of the total period is used to determine stability;
– establishment of stability depends on the average power recorded in the second two
thirds of the total period. For input powers less than or equal to 1 W, stability is
established when a linear regression through all power readings for the second two
thirds of the total period has a slope of less than 10 mW/h. For input powers of more
than 1 W, stability is established when a linear regression through all power readings
for the second two thirds of the total period has a slope of less than is 1 % of the
measured input power per hour.
62301 IEC:2011 – 15 –
– where a total period of 15 min does not result in the above stability criteria being
satisfied, the total period is continuously extended until the relevant criteria above is
achieved (in the second two thirds of the total period).
– once stability is achieved, the result is taken to be the average power consumed during
the second two thirds of the total period.
NOTE 2 If stability cannot be achieved within a total period of 3 h, the raw data should be assessed to see
whether there is any periodic or cyclic pattern present.
Modes that are known (based on instructions for use, specifications or measurements) to
be non-cyclic and of varying power consumption shall be recorded for a long enough period
so that the cumulative average of all data points taken during the second two thirds of the
total period fall within a band of ±0,2 %. When testing such modes, the total period shall not
be less than 60 min.
Where the power consumption within a mode is cyclic (i.e. a regular sequence of power
states that occur over several minutes or hours), the average power over a minimum of four
complete cycles is assessed as follows:
– the product shall be energised for an initial operation period of not less than 10 min.
Data during this period is not used to assess the power consumption of the product;
– the product is then energised for a time sufficient to encompass two comparison
periods, where each period shall include not less than two cycles and have a duration
of not less than 10 min (comparison periods must contain the same number of cycles);
– calculate the average power for each comparison period;
– calculate the mid-point in time of each comparison period in hours;
– stability is established where the power difference between the two comparison
periods divided by the time difference of the mid-points of the comparison periods has
a slope of less than
• 10 mW/h, for products where the input powers is less than or equal to 1 W; or
• 1 % of the measured input power per hour, for products where the input powers is
greater than 1 W.
– where the above stability criteria is not satisfied, additional cycles are added equally to
each comparison period until the relevant criteria above is achieved;
– once stability is achieved, the power is determined as the average of all readings from
both comparison periods.
Where cycles are not stable or are irregular, sufficient data shall be measured to adequately
characterise the power consumption of the mode (a minimum of 10 cycles is recommended).
NOTE 3 In all cases it is recommended that power for the period where data is recorded be represented in
graphical form to assist in the establishment of any warm up period, cyclic pattern, instability and stability period.
Modes that are known (based on instructions for use, specifications or measurements) to
be of limited duration shall be recorded for their whole duration. The results for such modes
shall be reported as an energy consumption (Wh) and duration together with a statement that
the mode is of limited duration.
NOTE 4 The product is not required to operate for a minimum initial period before data measurements are
recorded when performing the above test.
For products where a series of separate product modes occur in a regular pattern, the power
level for each mode shall be determined in accordance with this clause and the known
sequence and duration of each mode in the pattern documented. See Annex B for further
guidance.
– 16 – 62301 IEC:2011
5.3.3 Average reading method
This method is not permitted for cyclic loads or limited duration modes.
NOTE 1 A shorter measurement period may be possible using the sampling method – see 5.3.2.
Connect the product to the power supply and power measuring instrument. Select the mode
to be measured (this may require a sequence of operations and it could be necessary to wait
for the product to automatically enter the desired mode) and monitor the power. After the
product has been allowed to stabilize for at least 30 min, assess the stability of two adjacent
measurement periods. The average power over the measurement periods is determined using
either the average power or accumulated energy methods as follows:
– select two comparison periods, each made up of not less than 10 min duration (periods
shall be approximately the same duration), noting the start time and duration of each
period;
– determine the average pow
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