IEC 62955:2018

Residual direct current detecting device (RDC-DD) to be used for mode 3 charging of electric vehicles

IEC 62955:2018 applies to residual direct current detecting devices (RDC-DD) for permanently connected AC electric vehicle charging stations (mode 3 charging of electric vehicles, according to IEC 61851-1 and IEC 60364-7-722), hereafter referred to as RDC-MD (residual direct current monitoring device) or RDC-PD (residual direct current protective device), for rated voltages not exceeding 440 V AC with rated frequencies of 50 Hz, 60 Hz or 50/60 Hz and rated currents not exceeding 125 A.

Dispositif de détection à courant différentiel résiduel continu (DD-CDC) à utiliser pour la charge en mode 3 des véhicules électriques

L'IEC 62955:2018 s'applique aux dispositifs de détection à courant différentiel résiduel continu (DD-CDC) pour les bornes de charge à courant alternatif pour véhicule électrique branchées en permanence (charge en mode 3 des véhicules électriques, conformément à l'IEC 61851-1 et à l'IEC 60364-7-722), appelé DC-CDC (dispositif de contrôle à courant différentiel résiduel continu) ou DP-CDC (dispositif de protection contre un courant différentiel résiduel continu) dans la suite du texte, pour des tensions assignées alternatives ne dépassant pas 440 V avec des fréquences assignées de 50 Hz, 60 Hz ou 50/60 Hz et des courants nominaux ne dépassant pas 125 A.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 11-Mar-2018
• ICS: 29.120.50 - Fuses and other overcurrent protection devices
• Technical Committee: SC 23E - Circuit-breakers and similar equipment for household use
• Drafting Committee: WG 8 - TC 23/SC 23E/WG 8
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 12-Mar-2018
• Completion Date: 16-Mar-2018

Overview

IEC 62955:2018 is an international standard developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) that specifies requirements for Residual Direct Current Detecting Devices (RDC-DD). These devices are vital components for mode 3 electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, which are permanently connected AC charging infrastructures. The standard ensures safety and reliability for AC EV charging equipment operating at voltages not exceeding 440 V AC, frequencies of 50/60 Hz, and currents up to 125 A.

RDC-DDs, also known as residual direct current monitoring devices (RDC-MD) or residual direct current protective devices (RDC-PD), detect dangerous residual direct currents that may occur during EV charging. Accurate detection of such DC currents prevents hazards like electric shocks and fire risks, ensuring compliance with international safety practices in EV infrastructure.

Key Topics

• Scope and Application: Covers RDC-DD for mode 3 charging per IEC 61851-1 and IEC 60364-7-722, applicable to AC voltages ≤ 440 V and rated currents ≤ 125 A.
• Device Classification:
  • RDC-MD (monitoring device) – detects residual DC current without disconnection.
  • RDC-PD (protective device) – disconnects power supply when dangerous residual DC current is detected.
• Technical Characteristics:
  • Rated voltage, current, and frequency specifics.
  • Defined residual operating and non-operating currents.
  • Conditions for breaking capacities and withstand voltages.
• Construction and Operation:
  • Mechanical design, including creepage distances and insulation.
  • Protection against electric shock and dielectric properties.
  • Resistance to mechanical shock, heat, fire, and electromagnetic compatibility.
• Testing and Verification:
  • Endurance, operating characteristics, and electrical/mechanical tests.
  • Reliability of terminals, markings, and insulation.
  • Performance under short-circuit and current surge conditions.

Applications

IEC 62955:2018 directly supports the safe deployment of electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), particularly mode 3 AC charging stations widely used in public, commercial, and residential settings. By standardizing RDC-DD device specifications, this standard helps manufacturers design and test components that enhance the safety of EV charging infrastructure. This contributes to:

• Electric Vehicle Safety: Preventing electrical hazards caused by residual DC current leakage.
• Compliance and Interoperability: Enabling global harmonization of protective devices for EV charging stations.
• Infrastructure Reliability: Ensuring robust and durable components capable of enduring electrical stresses and environmental influences.
• Consumer Confidence: Providing assurance of safe and reliable EV charging experiences.

Industries related to electric vehicle manufacturing, charging station installation, electrical safety regulation, and maintenance benefit from adopting IEC 62955:2018 compliant devices.

Related Standards

For comprehensive EV charging safety and system integration, IEC 62955 relates closely to:

• IEC 61851-1: Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System - Part 1: General Requirements.
• IEC 60364-7-722: Electrical Installations of Buildings - Requirements for Special Installations or Locations - Supplies for Electric Vehicles.
• IEC 61557-8: Electrical Safety in Low Voltage Distribution Systems - Portable Equipment for Testing Residual Current Devices.
• IEC 61008 / IEC 61009: Residual Current Circuit Breakers Standards.
• IEC 62196 series: Plugs, Socket-Outlets and Couplers for Electric Vehicles.

These interconnected standards offer a full framework for the design, testing, and installation of electric vehicle charging infrastructures featuring residual current detection and protection.

---

Adherence to IEC 62955:2018 ensures high safety standards for residual direct current detecting devices in mode 3 EV charging systems, facilitating the expansion of secure and reliable electric mobility infrastructure worldwide.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 62955 ®
Edition 1.0 2018-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Residual direct current detecting device (RDC-DD) to be used for mode 3
charging of electric vehicles
Dispositif de détection à courant différentiel résiduel continu (DD-CDC) à utiliser
pour la charge en mode 3 des véhicules électriques

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IEC 62955 ®
Edition 1.0 2018-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Residual direct current detecting device (RDC-DD) to be used for mode 3

charging of electric vehicles
Dispositif de détection à courant différentiel résiduel continu (DD-CDC) à utiliser

pour la charge en mode 3 des véhicules électriques

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.120.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-5424-0

– 2 – IEC 62955:2018 © IEC 2018
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 11
INTRODUCTION . 13
1 Scope . 14
2 Normative references . 15
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 15
3.1 Definitions relating to RDC-DD design . 16
3.2 Symbols . 16
4 Classification RDC-DD (RDC-MD, RDC-PD) . 16
4.1 RDC-DDs are classified according to the type of construction . 16
4.1.1 RDC-MD . 17
4.1.2 RDC-PD . 18
4.2 According to the number of poles . 18
4.3 According to the method of connection . 18
4.4 According to the type of terminals . 18
4.5 According to range of ambient air temperature . 18
5 Characteristics of RDC-DDs . 18
5.1 Summary of characteristics . 18
5.2 Rated quantities and other characteristics. 19
5.2.1 Rated voltage (U ) . 19
n
5.2.2 Rated current (I ) . 19
n
5.2.3 Rated DC residual operating current (I ) . 19
Δdc
5.2.4 Rated DC residual non-operating current (I ) . 19
Δndc
5.2.5 Rated frequency . 19
5.2.6 Rated making and breaking capacity (I ) . 19
m
5.3 Standard and preferred values . 20
5.3.1 Preferred values of rated voltage (U ) . 20
n
5.3.2 Preferred values of rated current (I ) . 20
n
5.3.3 Standard value of rated DC residual operating current (I ) . 20
Δdc
5.3.4 Standard value of DC residual non-operating current (I ) . 20
Δndc
5.3.5 Preferred values of rated frequency . 20
5.3.6 Minimum value of the rated making and breaking capacity (I ) . 20
m
5.3.7 Minimum value of the rated residual making and breaking capacity
(I ) . 21
Δm
5.3.8 Standard and preferred values of the rated conditional short-circuit
current (I ) . 21
nc
5.3.9 Standard values of the rated conditional residual short-circuit current
(I ) . 21
Δc
5.3.10 Limiting values of break time . 21
5.3.11 Standard value of rated impulse withstand voltage (U ) . 22
imp
5.4 Coordination with short-circuit protective devices (SCPDs) . 22
5.4.1 General . 22
5.4.2 Rated conditional short-circuit current (I ) . 23
nc
5.4.3 Rated conditional residual short-circuit current (I ) . 23
Δc
6 Marking and other product information . 23
7 Standard conditions for operation in service and for installation . 25
7.1 Standard conditions . 25
7.2 Conditions of installation . 25

7.3 Pollution degree . 25
8 Requirements for construction and operation . 26
8.1 Mechanical design . 26
8.1.1 General . 26
8.1.2 Mechanism . 26
8.1.3 Clearances and creepage distances . 27
8.1.4 Screws, current-carrying parts and connections . 32
8.1.5 Terminals for external conductors . 33
8.2 Protection against electric shock . 35
8.3 Dielectric properties . 36
8.4 Temperature rise . 36
8.4.1 Temperature rise limits . 36
8.4.2 Ambient air temperature . 36
8.5 Operating characteristic . 36
8.6 Electrical endurance . 36
8.7 Performance at short-circuit currents . 37
8.8 Resistance to mechanical shock and impact . 37
8.9 Resistance to heat . 37
8.10 Resistance to abnormal heat and to fire . 37
8.11 Test device . 37
8.12 Behaviour of RDC-DDs in the case of current surges caused by impulse
voltages . 38
8.13 Reliability . 38
8.14 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 38
8.15 Behaviour of the correct operation for three- and four- pole RDC-DD
powered on two poles only . 38
9 Tests . 38
9.1 General . 38
9.2 Test conditions . 39
9.3 Test of indelibility of marking . 40
9.4 Test of reliability of screws, current-carrying parts and connections . 41
9.5 Tests of reliability of screw-type terminals for external copper conductors . 42
9.6 Verification of protection against electric shock . 43
9.7 Test of dielectric properties . 44
9.7.1 Resistance to humidity. 44
9.7.2 Insulation resistance of the main circuit . 44
9.7.3 Dielectric strength of the main circuit . 45
9.7.4 Insulation resistance and dielectric strength of auxiliary circuits . 46
9.7.5 Secondary circuit of detection transformers . 46
9.7.6 Capability of control circuits connected to the main circuit withstanding
high DC voltages due to insulation measurements . 47
9.7.7 Verification of impulse withstand voltages (across clearances and
across solid insulation) . 47
9.8 Test of temperature-rise . 50
9.8.1 Ambient air temperature . 50
9.8.2 Test procedure . 51
9.8.3 Measurement of the temperature of parts . 51
9.8.4 Temperature rise of a part . 51
9.9 Verification of the operating characteristics . 51
9.9.1 Test circuit and test procedure. 51

– 4 – IEC 62955:2018 © IEC 2018
9.9.2 Verification of correct operation of RDC-DDs with smooth DC residual
current . 52
9.9.3 Verification of non-operating time for alternating residual currents . 54
9.10 Verification of mechanical and electrical endurance . 54
9.10.1 General test conditions . 54
9.10.2 Test procedure . 55
9.10.3 Condition of the RDC-DD after test . 55
9.11 Verification of the behaviour of the RDC-DD under short-circuit conditions . 55
9.11.1 List of the short-circuit tests . 55
9.11.2 Short-circuit tests . 56
9.12 Verification of resistance to mechanical shock and impact . 63
9.12.1 Mechanical shock . 63
9.12.2 Mechanical impact . 63
9.13 Test of resistance to heat . 66
9.14 Test of resistance to abnormal heat and to fire . 67
9.15 Verification of the trip-free mechanism . 67
9.15.1 General test conditions . 67
9.15.2 Test procedure . 68
9.16 Verification of the operation of the test device at the limits of rated voltage. 68
9.17 Verification of the correct operation in case of three- and four- pole RDC-
DDs powered on two poles only . 68
9.18 Verification of behaviour of RDC-DDs in case of current surges caused by
impulse voltages . 68
9.18.1 Current surge test for all RDC-DDs (0,5 µs/100 kHz ring wave test). 68
9.18.2 Verification of behaviour at surge currents up to 3 000 A (8/20 µs surge
current test) . 69
9.19 Verification of reliability . 69
9.19.1 General . 69
9.19.2 Climatic test . 70
9.19.3 Test with temperature of 40 °C . 71
9.20 Verification of ageing of electronic components . 72
9.21 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 72
9.21.1 Tests covered by the present document . 72
9.21.2 Additional tests . 72
9.22 Test of resistance to rusting . 73
Annex A (normative) Test sequence and number of samples to be submitted for
testing purposes . 95
A.1 Test sequences . 95
A.2 Number of samples to be submitted for full test procedure . 96
A.3 Number of samples to be submitted for simplified test procedures in case of
submitting simultaneously a range of RDC-DDs of the same fundamental
design . 97
Annex B (normative) Determination of clearances and creepage distances . 100
B.1 General . 100
B.2 Orientation and location of a creepage distance . 100
B.3 Creepage distances where more than one material is used . 100
B.4 Creepage distances split by floating conductive part . 100
B.5 Measurement of creepage distances and clearances . 100
Annex C (normative) Arrangement for the detection of the emission of ionized gases
during short-circuit tests . 105

Annex D (normative) Routine tests. 108
D.1 General . 108
D.2 Tripping test . 108
D.3 Electric strength test . 108
D.4 Performance of the test device . 108
Annex E (informative) Methods for determination of short-circuit power-factor . 109
Annex F (informative) Examples of terminal designs . 110
Annex G (informative) Correspondence between ISO and AWG copper conductors . 113
Annex H (informative) SCPDs for short-circuit tests . 114
H.1 Introductory remark . 114
H.2 Silver wires . 114
H.3 Fuses . 114
H.4 Other means . 114
Annex I (normative) Particular requirements for RDC-DDs with screwless type
terminals for external copper conductors . 115
I.1 Scope . 115
I.2 Normative references . 115
I.3 Definitions . 115
I.4 Classification . 116
I.5 Characteristics of RDC-DDs . 116
I.6 Marking and other product information . 116
I.7 Standard conditions for operation in service and for installation . 116
I.8 Requirements for construction and operation . 116
I.8.1 General . 116
I.8.2 Connection or disconnection of conductors . 117
I.8.3 Dimensions of connectable conductors . 117
I.8.4 Connectable cross-sectional areas . 117
I.8.5 Insertion and disconnection of conductors . 118
I.8.6 Design and construction of terminals . 118
I.8.7 Resistance to ageing . 118
I.9 Tests . 118
I.9.1 General . 118
I.9.2 Test of reliability of screwless terminals . 118
I.9.3 Tests of reliability of terminals for external conductors: mechanical
strength . 119
I.9.4 Cycling test . 120
I.10 Reference documents . 122
Annex J (normative) Particular requirements for RDC-DDs with flat quick-connect
terminations . 124
J.1 Scope . 124
J.2 Normative references . 124
J.3 Definitions . 124
J.4 Classification . 125
J.5 Characteristics of RDC-DDs . 125
J.6 Marking and other product information . 125
J.7 Standard conditions for operation in service and for installation . 125
J.8 Requirements for construction and operation . 125
J.8.1 General . 125
J.8.2 Clearances and creepage distances (see Annex B) . 125

– 6 – IEC 62955:2018 © IEC 2018
J.8.3 Terminals for external conductors . 126
J.9 Tests . 126
J.9.1 General . 126
J.9.2 Mechanical overload-force . 126
J.10 Reference documents . 130
Annex K (normative) Specific requirements for RDC-DDs with screw-type terminals for
external untreated aluminium conductors and with aluminium screw-type terminals for
use with copper or with aluminium conductors . 131
K.1 Scope . 131
K.2 Normative references . 131
K.3 Definitions . 131
K.4 Classification . 132
K.5 Characteristics of RDC-DDs . 132
K.6 Marking and other product information . 132
K.7 Standard conditions for operation in service and for installation . 132
K.8 Requirements for construction and operation . 132
K.9 Tests . 133
K.9.1 General . 133
K.9.2 Test conditions . 135
K.9.3 Current cycling test . 135
Annex L (informative) Examples of RDC-DD according to classification 4.1 based on
construction . 141
Annex M (normative) Additional requirements and tests for RDC-MDs according to
classification 4.1.1.2 consisting of an RDC-M-Unit designed to be assembled on site
together to a separate switching protective device . 143
M.1 Scope . 143
M.2 Normative references . 143
M.3 Terms and definitions. 143
M.4 Classification . 143
M.4.1 According to the type of construction . 143
M.5 Characteristics . 143
M.5.1 Summary of characteristics . 143
M.6 Marking and other product information . 144
M.6.1 Manufacturer's name or trademark . 144
M.6.2 Marking . 144
M.6.3 Instructions for assembly and operation . 145
M.7 Constructional requirements . 145
M.7.1 General . 145
M.7.2 Degree of protection . 145
M.7.3 Mechanical requirements . 145
M.7.4 Electrical compatibility . 145
M.8 Type tests and verifications . 146
M.8.1 Tests on RDC-M-units . 146
M.8.2 Tests on assembled RDC-MDs . 146
M.8.3 Verification of marking and constructional requirements of RDC-MDs . 146
M.9 Routine tests on the RDC-M-unit . 146
Annex N (normative) Additional requirements and tests for RDC-MDs according to
classification 4.1.1.3 consisting of an RDC-MD module electrically coupled to a
separate switching device or a protective device . 147
N.1 Scope . 147

N.2 Normative references . 147
N.3 Terms and definitions. 147
N.4 Classification . 147
N.4.1 According to the type of construction . 147
N.5 Characteristics . 147
N.5.1 Summary of characteristics . 147
N.6 Marking and other product information . 148
N.6.1 Marking of the RDC-M Module . 148
N.6.2 Instructions for assembly and operation . 148
N.7 Constructional requirements . 149
N.7.1 Degree of protection . 149
N.7.2 Electrical compatibility . 149
N.8 Type tests and verifications . 149
N.8.1 Tests on RDC-M-module . 149
N.8.2 Verification of marking and constructional requirements of RDC-M-
module . 150
N.8.3 Verification of behaviour in case of disconnection of the external
detection module . 150
N.9 Routine tests on the RDC-M-module . 150
Annex O (normative) RDC-PDs with integrated DC, pulsating DC (type A) and 6 mA
DC detection, evaluation and mechanical switching in one unit according to
classification 4.1.2 . 151
O.1 Scope . 151
O.2 Normative references . 151
O.3 Terms and definitions. 151
O.4 Classification . 151
O.4.1 According to the type of construction . 151
O.5 Characteristics . 151
O.6 Marking and other product information . 151
O.7 Requirements for construction and operation . 152
O.7.1 General . 152
O.7.2 Operating characteristic . 152
O.8 Tests . 152
O.8.1 Testing according to the RCD standard . 152
O.8.2 Testing according to this document. 152
O.9 Routine tests on the RDC-PD . 153
Bibliography . 154

Figure 1 – Standard test finger (9.6) . 75
Figure 2 – Test circuit for the verification of operating characteristics (9.9.3) . 75
Figure 3 – Test circuit for the verification of the correct operation in case of smooth
direct current . 76
Figure 4 – Test circuit for 2-pole RDC-DD to verify the correct operation in case of
residual pulsating direct currents which may result from rectifying circuits supplied from
two phases . 77
Figure 5 – Tests circuit for 3-pole and 4-pole RDC-DD to verify the correct operation in
case of residual pulsating direct currents which may result from rectifying circuits
supplied from three phases . 77
Figure 6 – Typical diagram for all short circuit tests . 78
Figure 7 – Detail of impedances Z, Z and Z . 78
1 2
– 8 – IEC 62955:2018 © IEC 2018
Figure 8 – Test circuit for endurance test according to 9.10 . 79
Figure 9 – Informative wave shape of inrush current for tests according to 9.10 . 80
Figure 10 – Test apparatus for the verification of the minimum I t and I values to be
p
withstood by the RDC-DD (9.11.2.1 a)) . 82
Figure 11 – Mechanical shock test apparatus (9.12.1) . 83
Figure 12 – Mechanical impact test apparatus (9.12.2.1) . 84
Figure 13 – Striking element for pendulum impact test apparatus (9.12.2.1) . 85
Figure 14 – Mounting support for sample for mechanical impact test (9.12.2.1) . 86
Figure 15 – Example of mounting and unenclosed RDC-DD for mechanical impact test
(9.12.2.1) . 87
Figure 16 – Example of mounting of panel mounting type RDC-DD for the mechanical
impact test (9.12.2.1) . 88
Figure 17 – Application of force for mechanical test of rail mounted RDC-DD (9.12.2.2) . 89
Figure 18 – Ball-pressure test apparatus (9.13.2) . 89
Figure 19 – Current ring wave 0,5 µs/100 kHz . 90
Figure 20 – Test circuit for the ring wave test at RDC-DDs . 90
Figure 21 – Stabilizing period for reliability test (9.19.1.3) . 91
Figure 22 – Reliability test cycle (9.19.1.3) . 92
Figure 23 – Example for test circuit for verification of ageing of electronic components
(9.20) . 93
Figure 24 – Surge current impulse 8/20 µs . 93
Figure 25 – Test circuit for the surge current test at RDC-DDs . 94
Figure 26 – Example of calibration record for short-circuit test (9.11.2.1 j) ii)) . 94
Figure B.1 – Examples of methods of measuring creepage distances and clearances . 104
Figure C.1 – Test arrangement . 106
Figure C.2 – Grid . 107
Figure C.3 – Grid circuit . 107
Figure F.1 – Examples of pillar terminals . 110
Figure F.2 – Examples of screw terminals . 111
Figure F.3 – Examples of stud terminals . 111
Figure F.4 – Examples of saddle terminals . 112
Figure F.5 – Examples of lug terminals . 112
Figure I.1 – Connecting samples . 120
Figure I.2 – Examples of screwless-type terminals . 122
Figure J.1 – Example of position of the thermocouple for measurement of the
temperature-rise . 127
Figure J.2 – Dimensions of male tabs . 128
Figure J.3 – Dimens
...