IEC 62485-6:2021
(Main)Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations - Part 6: Safe operation of lithium-ion batteries in traction applications
Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations - Part 6: Safe operation of lithium-ion batteries in traction applications
IEC 62485-6:2021 applies to battery installations used for electric off-road vehicles; it does not cover the design of such vehicles.
Examples of the main applications are:
- industrial
• cleaning machines,
• trucks for material handling, for example, lift trucks, tow trucks, automatic guided vehicles,
• electrically propulsed lifting platforms;
- other applications
• electric powered boats and ships.
Exigences de sécurité pour les batteries d'accumulateurs et les installations de batteries - Partie 6: Fonctionnement en toute sécurité des batteries ions-lithium dans les applications de traction
L’IEC 62485-6:2021 s’applique aux installations de batteries utilisées pour les véhicules non autorisés à circuler sur le réseau routier, mais ne traite pas de la conception de ce type de véhicule.
Exemples des principales applications:
- applications industrielles
• machines de nettoyage,
• chariots de manutention, par exemple, chariots élévateurs, tracteurs électriques, véhicules automatiques guidés,
• plateformes de levage à propulsion électrique;
- autres applications
• bateaux et navires à propulsion électrique.
General Information
Standards Content (sample)
IEC 62485-6
Edition 1.0 2021-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations –
Part 6: Safe operation of lithium ion batteries in traction applications
Exigences de sécurité pour les batteries d’accumulateurs et les installations
de batteries –
Partie 6: Fonctionnement en toute sécurité des batteries ions-lithium dans
les applications de traction
IEC 62485-6:2021-01(en-fr)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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IEC 62485-6
Edition 1.0 2021-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations –
Part 6: Safe operation of lithium ion batteries in traction applications
Exigences de sécurité pour les batteries d’accumulateurs et les installations
de batteries –
Partie 6: Fonctionnement en toute sécurité des batteries ions-lithium dans
les applications de traction
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.220.20; 29.220.30 ISBN 978-2-8322-9126-9
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical CommissionMarque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – IEC 62485-6:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 4
1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 6
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................... 6
3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................... 8
4 Protection against electric shock by the battery and charger .......................................... 10
4.1 General ................................................................................................................. 10
4.2 Basic protection and fault protection ..................................................................... 10
4.3 Basic protection and fault protection when discharging the traction batteryon the vehicle (battery disconnected from charger/mains) ..................................... 11
4.3.1 Batteries up to and including 60 V DC ........................................................... 11
4.3.2 For batteries exceeding 60 V DC up to and including 120 V DC ..................... 11
4.3.3 Batteries exceeding 120 V DC but not exceeding 1 500 V DC ........................ 11
4.4 Basic protection and fault protection when charging the traction battery ................ 11
5 Prevention of short-circuits and protection from other effects of electric current ............. 12
5.1 Cables and connectors ......................................................................................... 12
5.2 Protective measures during maintenance .............................................................. 12
5.3 Battery insulation .................................................................................................. 13
5.3.1 Insulation resistance ...................................................................................... 13
5.3.2 Insulation resistance measurement ................................................................ 13
6 Provisions against hazards ............................................................................................ 13
6.1 General ................................................................................................................. 13
6.2 Charging modes .................................................................................................... 13
6.3 Temperature influence on the charge voltage and limiting of charge current ......... 14
6.4 Overcharging or overdischarging under fault conditions ........................................ 14
6.5 Prevention of electrostatic discharges when working with batteries ....................... 14
7 Provision against hazards by chemical substances ........................................................ 14
7.1 General ................................................................................................................. 14
7.2 Initial actions in case of hazardous chemical release ............................................ 14
7.3 Eye or skin contact ............................................................................................... 14
7.4 Swallowing ............................................................................................................ 14
7.5 Respiratory tract ................................................................................................... 15
7.6 Burns .................................................................................................................... 15
8 Battery containers and enclosures ................................................................................. 15
9 Battery change .............................................................................................................. 15
10 Battery peripheral equipment/accessories ..................................................................... 15
10.1 Battery management system ................................................................................. 15
10.2 Thermal management systems and series installation ........................................... 16
10.3 Connectors (plugs/sockets) ................................................................................... 16
11 Charge current requirements ......................................................................................... 16
11.1 Peak voltage/current by charging .......................................................................... 16
11.2 Superimposed ripple current ................................................................................. 17
11.3 Maximum ripple current ......................................................................................... 17
12 Identification labels, warning notices and instructions for use, installation and
maintenance .................................................................................................................. 17
12.1 General ................................................................................................................. 17
12.2 Warning labels ...................................................................................................... 17
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12.3 Identification label ................................................................................................. 18
12.4 Instructions ........................................................................................................... 18
12.5 Other labels .......................................................................................................... 18
13 Transportation, storage, disposal and environmental aspects ........................................ 18
13.1 Packing and transport ........................................................................................... 18
13.2 Disassembly, disposal, and recycling of batteries.................................................. 19
13.3 Storage ................................................................................................................. 19
14 Inspection and monitoring .............................................................................................. 19
15 EMC for traction application ........................................................................................... 19
Annex A (informative) Cell behaviour inside and outside of operating region ........................ 20
Annex B (normative) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ................................................... 21
B.1 Case 1 – EMC requirements of battery systems depending of each end-device application ................................................................................................. 21
B.2 Case 2 – EMC requirements for testing battery system as an end-device .............. 21
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 22
Figure A.1 – An example for operating region of lithium ion cell ............................................ 20
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SECONDARY
BATTERIES AND BATTERY INSTALLATIONS –
Part 6: Safe operation of lithium ion batteries in traction applications
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
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Publications.8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62485-6 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 21:
Secondary cells and batteries.The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
21/1071/FDIS 21/1077/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62485 series, published under the general title Safety requirements
for secondary batteries and battery installations, can be found on the IEC website.
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------IEC 62485-6:2021 © IEC 2021 – 5 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------– 6 – IEC 62485-6:2021 © IEC 2021
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SECONDARY
BATTERIES AND BATTERY INSTALLATIONS –
Part 6: Safe operation of lithium ion batteries in traction applications
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62485 applies to battery installations used for electric off-road vehicles; it does
not cover the design of such vehicles.Examples of the main applications are:
– industrial
• cleaning machines,
• trucks for material handling, for example, lift trucks, tow trucks, automatic guided
vehicles,• electrically propulsed lifting platforms;
– other applications
• electric powered boats and ships.
This document covers the safety aspects of battery installations in such applications. This
document does not cover railway vehicles, for traction railway application, see IEC 62928.
This document does not cover batteries and battery installations for the propulsion of electric
road vehicles. In the event of there being a variation of requirements between this document
and those of a relevant product standard (e.g. goods vehicles, bicycles, wheel chairs, golf
carts), then the product standard requirements take precedence.Lithium ion cells and batteries used in traction industrial application are intended to fulfil safety
requirements in accordance with IEC 62619.The maximum voltages are limited to AC 1 000 V and to DC 1 500 V, and the principal measures
for protection against hazards, generally from electricity, gas emission and electrolyte to
prevent fire and explosion are described.This document provides requirements on safety aspects associated with the installation, use,
inspection, maintenance and disposal of lithium ion batteries. Batteries containing lithium metal
are not covered by this document.In general, the safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations – General
safety information and definitions are specified for lead-acid, nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal
hybrid batteries in accordance with IEC 62485-1.2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.IEC 60204-1, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
IEC 62485-6:2021 © IEC 2021 – 7 –
IEC 60364-4-41:2005, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-41: Protection for safety –
Protection against electric shockIEC 60364-4-41:2005/AMD1:2017
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 61000-1-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 1-2: General – Methodology for the
achievement of functional safety of electrical and electronic systems including equipment with
regard to electromagnetic phenomenaIEC 61000-6-1, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-1: Generic standards – Immunity
standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environmentsIEC 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-2: Generic standards – Immunity
standard for industrial environmentsIEC 61000-6-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-3: Generic standards – Emission
standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environmentsIEC 61000-6-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-4: Generic standards – Emission
standard for industrial environmentsIEC 61000-6-7, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-7: Generic standards – Immunity
requirements for equipment intended to perform functions in a safety-related system (functional
safety) in industrial locationsIEC 61140, Protection against electric shock – Common aspects for installation and equipment
IEC 62619:2017, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes – Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial
applicationsIEC 62620:2014, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes –Secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications
ISO 3864 (all parts), Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signsEN 1175-1:2011, Safety of industrial trucks – Electrical requirements – Part 1: General
requirements for battery powered trucksUN Regulation No. 100 (UN R 100):2011, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of
vehicles with regard to specific requirements for the electric power train---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
– 8 – IEC 62485-6:2021 © IEC 2021
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
secondary lithium cell
cell
secondary cell where electrical energy is derived from the insertion/extraction reactions of
lithium ions or oxidation/reduction reaction of lithium between the negative electrode and the
positive electrodeNote 1 to entry: The cell typically has an electrolyte that consists of a lithium salt and organic solvent compound in
liquid, gel or solid form and has a metal or a laminate film casing.Note 2 to entry: A cell is not ready for use in an application because it is not yet fitted with its final housing, terminal
arrangement and electronic control device.3.2
lithium ion battery
secondary battery with an organic solvent electrolyte and positive and negative electrodes
which utilize an intercalation compound in which lithium is storedNote 1 to entry: A lithium ion battery does not contain lithium metal.
[SOURCE: IEC 60500-482:2004, 482-05-07]
3.3
electrolyte
liquid or solid substance containing mobile ions which render it ionically conductive
Note 1 to entry: The electrolyte may be liquid, solid or a gel.[SOURCE: IEC 60500-482:2004, 482-02-29]
3.4
battery management system
BMS
electronic system associated with a battery which has functions to control current in case of
overcharge, overcurrent, overdischarge, and overheating, and which monitors and/or manages
the state of the battery, calculates secondary data, reports that data and/or controls its
environment to influence the battery's safety, performance and/or service lifeNote 1 to entry: Overdischarge cut off is not mandatory if there is an agreement on this between the cell
manufacturer and the customer.Note 2 to entry: The function of the battery management system (BMS) can be assigned to the battery pack or to
equipment that uses the battery.Note 3 to entry: The BMS can be divided and it can be found partially in the battery pack and partially on the
equipment that uses the battery.Note 4 to entry: The BMS is sometimes also referred to as a BMU (battery management unit).
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------IEC 62485-6:2021 © IEC 2021 – 9 –
3.5
nominal voltage
suitable approximate value of the voltage used to designate or identify a cell or a battery
Note 1 to entry: The cell or battery manufacturer may provide the nominal voltage.
Note 2 to entry: The nominal voltage of a battery of n series connected cells is equal to n times the nominal voltage
of a single cell.[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-31, modified – Omission of "electrochemical system"
from the definition, and addition of Notes 1 and 2.]3.6
overcharge
continued charging after the full charge of a secondary cell or battery
Note 1 to entry: Overcharge is also the act of charging beyond a certain limit specified by the manufacturer.
[SOURCE: IEC 60500-482:2004, 482-05-44, modified – The domain has been added and the
wording "of a fully charged" has been replaced with "after the full charge of" in the definition.]
3.7overdischarge
state of the battery when one or more cells of the battery are discharged below their lower limit
discharge voltage3.8
traction battery
secondary battery which is designed to provide the propulsion energy for electric vehicles
3.9lower limit discharging voltage
lowest discharging voltage in the cell operating region specified by the cell manufacturer
3.10external short-circuit
abnormally high current discharge due to a conductive fault over parts at opposite polarity either
within the battery circuitry or over the external terminals3.11
internal short-circuit
electrical conduction through insulation within the cell due to cell manufacturing defects, cell
design faults or damage due to abuse of the cell during its use3.12
module
group of cells connected together either in a series and/or parallel configuration with or without
protective devices (e.g. fuse or positive temperature coefficient device (PTC)) and monitoring
circuitry3.13
battery system
battery
system which comprises one or more cells, modules or battery packs and has a battery
management system capable of controlling current in case of overcharge, overcurrent,
overdischarge and overheatingNote 1 to entry: Overdischarge cut off is not mandatory if there is an agreement on this between the cell
manufacturer and the customer.---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
– 10 – IEC 62485-6:2021 © IEC 2021
Note 2 to entry: The battery system may have cooling or heating units. A larger battery system may comprise more
than one battery system. The battery system is sometimes also referred to as a battery.
3.14cell block
group of cells connected together in parallel configuration with or without protective devices
(e.g. fuse or positive temperature coefficient device (PTC)) and monitoring circuitry
Note 1 to entry: It is not ready for use in an application because it is not yet fitted with its final housing, terminal
arrangement and electronic control device.3.15
battery pack
energy storage device comprised of one or more cells or modules electrically connected, and
has monitoring circuitry which provides information (e.g. cell voltage) to a battery system to
influence the battery's safety, performance and/or service lifeNote 1 to entry: It may incorporate a protective housing and be provided with terminals or other interconnection
arrangements.4 Protection against electric shock by the battery and charger
4.1 General
Measures should be taken for protection against direct contact (basic protection) and against
indirect contact (fault protection) with hazardous voltages while the traction batteries are
installed in the vehicle and during battery charging procedures.These measures are described in detail in IEC 60364-4-41 and IEC 61140. The following
subclauses describe the typical measures to be taken for traction battery installations and the
resulting adaptions.The appropriate equipment standard IEC 61140 applies to batteries and direct current
distribution circuits located inside equipment.4.2 Basic protection and fault protection
For batteries when installed in the vehicle and in battery charging in
...
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