IEC TS 61400-29:2023

Wind energy generation systems - Part 29: Marking and lighting of wind turbines

IEC TS 61400-29:2023, which is a Technical Specification, instils good practice for aviation lighting and marking of wind turbines in both onshore and offshore domains. Consideration is given to visible lighting and infrared (IR) lighting, which is necessary to maintain conspicuity to users of night vision goggles (NVGs). ICAO Annex 14 Standards and Recommended Practices have been used as the basis to develop supplementary harmonised specifications to assist with implementation.
This document provides a set of technical requirements for marking and lighting of wind turbines with a tip height from/at 150 meters and below 315 meters Above Ground Level (AGL), or Above Mean Sea Level (AMSL) for offshore sites. This will improve situational awareness for airspace users, maintain safety of aircraft flying in the vicinity of wind turbines, and provide additional tools to assist with the reduction in environmental impacts consistent with aviation safety objectives.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Feb-2023
• ICS: 27.180 - Wind turbine energy systems
• Technical Committee: TC 88 - Wind energy generation systems
• Drafting Committee: PT 61400-29 - TC 88/PT 61400-29
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 03-Mar-2023
• Completion Date: 07-Feb-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC TS 61400-29 ®
Edition 1.0 2023-02
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Wind energy generation systems –
Part 29: Marking and lighting of wind turbines
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IEC TS 61400-29 ®
Edition 1.0 2023-02
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Wind energy generation systems –

Part 29: Marking and lighting of wind turbines

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 27.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-6401-0

– 2 – IEC TS 61400-29:2023  IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 10
4.1 Abbreviations . 10
5 Marking of a wind turbine and wind farms . 11
5.1 General . 11
5.2 Reflectance or luminance factor . 11
6 Lighting of a wind turbine and wind farms . 12
6.1 International Civil Aviation Organization requirements . 12
6.2 Planning considerations . 12
6.3 Wind turbines with a tip height less than 150 m . 13
6.4 Wind turbines with a tip height of 150 m or more . 13
6.5 Lighting of wind farms . 14
6.5.1 General . 14
6.5.2 Onshore wind farms . 16
6.5.3 Offshore wind farms. 17
6.5.4 Deconfliction with marine lighting . 18
6.6 Wind farms near aerodromes . 18
6.7 Lights specifications. 19
6.7.1 General . 19
6.7.2 Battery back-up time . 20
6.7.3 Night vision goggle compatibility . 20
6.7.4 Monitoring and control . 21
7 Considerations during construction . 21
8 Reduction of light pollution . 22
8.1 General . 22
8.2 Dimming . 22
8.2.1 Scope . 22
8.2.2 Operation . 22
8.2.3 Visible ranges . 22
8.3 Aircraft detection systems . 23
8.3.1 General . 23
8.3.2 Operation and boundaries . 23
8.3.3 Integrity monitoring . 24
Annex A (informative) Wind turbines located in areas with lengthy periods of snow . 25
Annex B (normative) Definition of colours for markings on wind turbines . 26
B.1 Specifications . 26
B.2 Provisions for practical implementation . 27
Annex C (normative) Definition of colours for wind turbine lights . 28
C.1 General . 28
C.2 Chromaticities for wind turbine lights with filament-type light sources . 28
C.3 Chromaticities for wind turbine lights with a solid state light source . 28

Annex D (normative)  Light distribution for low, medium or high intensity aviation
obstacle lights . 30

Figure 1 – Lighting configurations for wind turbines exceeding 150 m . 14
Figure 2 – Linear configuration wind farm . 15
Figure 3 – Basic layout of a linear alignment . 15
Figure 4 – Lighting configuration of an onshore wind farm . 17
Figure 5 – Lighting configuration of an offshore wind farm . 18
Figure A.1 – Wind turbines in areas with lengthy periods of snow . 25
Figure B.1 – Ordinary colours for wind turbine marking . 27
Figure C.1 – Colours for wind turbine lights with filament-type light sources . 29
Figure C.2 – Colours for wind turbine lights with solid state light sources (LED) . 29

Table 1 – Wind turbines paint colours . 11
Table 2 – Characteristics of obstacle lights . 19
Table D.1 – Light distribution for low-intensity obstacle lights . 30
Table D.2 – Light distribution for medium- and high-intensity obstacle lights according

to benchmark intensities of Table D.1 . 30

– 4 – IEC TS 61400-29:2023  IEC 2023
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
WIND ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEMS –

Part 29: Marking and lighting of wind turbines

FOREWORD
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IEC TS 61400-29 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 88: Wind energy generation
systems. It is a Technical Specification.
The text of this Technical Specification is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
88/894/DTS 88/913/RVDTS
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this Technical Specification is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
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