IEC TS 61934:2024
(Main)Electrical insulating materials and systems - Electrical measurement of partial discharges (PD) under short rise time and repetitive voltage impulses
Electrical insulating materials and systems - Electrical measurement of partial discharges (PD) under short rise time and repetitive voltage impulses
IEC TS 61934:2024 is available as IEC TS 61934:2024 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC TS 61934:2024 is applicable to the off-line electrical measurement of partial discharges (PDs) that occur in electrical insulation systems (EISs) when stressed by repetitive voltage impulses generated from power electronics devices.
Typical applications are EISs belonging to apparatus driven by power electronics, such as motors, inductive reactors, wind turbine generators and the power electronics modules themselves.
NOTE Use of this document with specific products can require the application of additional procedures.
Excluded from the scope of this document are:
- methods based on optical or ultrasonic PD detection,
- fields of application for PD measurements when stressed by non-repetitive impulse voltages such as lightning impulse or switching impulses from switchgear.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) background information on the progress being made in the field of power electronics including the introduction of wide band gap semiconductor devices has been added to the Introduction;
b) voltage impulse generators; the parameter values of the voltage impulse waveform have been modified to reflect application of wide band gap semiconductor devices.
c) PD detection methods; charge-based measurements are not described in this third edition nor are source-controlled gating techniques to suppress external noise.
d) Since the previous edition in 2011, there have been significant technical advances in this field as evidenced by several hundreds of publications. Consequently, the Bibliography in the 2011 edition has been deleted in this third edition.
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IEC TS 61934 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-01
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Electrical insulating materials and systems – Electrical measurement of partial
discharges (PD) under short rise time and repetitive voltage impulses
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Secretariat Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
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IEC TS 61934 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-01
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Electrical insulating materials and systems – Electrical measurement of partial
discharges (PD) under short rise time and repetitive voltage impulses
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 17.220.99; 29.035.01; 29.080.30 ISBN 978-2-8322-8116-1
– 2 – IEC TS 61934:2024 © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Measurement of partial discharge pulses during repetitive, short rise-time voltage
impulses and comparison with power frequency . 9
4.1 Measurement frequency . 9
4.2 Measurement quantities . 9
4.3 Test objects . 10
4.3.1 General . 10
4.3.2 Inductive test objects . 10
4.3.3 Capacitive test objects . 10
4.3.4 Distributed impedance test objects . 10
4.4 Voltage impulse generators . 10
4.4.1 General . 10
4.4.2 Voltage impulse waveforms . 11
4.5 Effect of testing conditions . 11
4.5.1 General . 11
4.5.2 Effect of environmental factors . 12
4.5.3 Effect of testing conditions and ageing . 12
5 PD detection methods . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.2 PD pulse coupling and detection devices . 12
5.2.1 Introductory remarks . 12
5.2.2 Coupling capacitor with multipole filter . 13
5.2.3 HFCT with multipole filter. 14
5.2.4 Electromagnetic couplers . 15
5.2.5 Electromagnetic UHF antennae . 15
6 Measuring instruments . 16
7 Sensitivity check of the PD measuring equipment and high voltage source
generator . 16
7.1 General . 16
7.2 Test diagram for sensitivity check . 16
7.3 PD detection sensitivity check . 17
7.4 Background noise check . 17
7.5 Detection system and HVIG noise check . 17
7.6 Sensitivity report . 17
8 Test procedure for increasing and decreasing the repetitive impulse voltage
magnitude . 18
9 Test report . 19
Annex A (informative) Voltage impulse suppression required by the coupling device . 20
Annex B (informative) PD pulses extracted from a supply voltage impulse through
filtering techniques. 22
Annex C (informative) Results of round-robin tests of RPDIV measurement . 24
Annex D (informative) Examples of noise levels of practical PD detectors . 26
Bibliography . 27
Figure 1 – Coupling capacitor with multipole filter . 13
Figure 2 – Example of voltage impulse and ideal PD pulse frequency spectra before
and after filtering. 14
Figure 3 – HFCT between supply and test object with multipole filter . 14
Figure 4 – HFCT between test object and earth with multipole filter . 15
Figure 5 – Circuit using an electromagnetic coupler (e.g. an antenna) to suppress
impulses from the test supply . 15
Figure 6 – Circuit using an electromagnetic UHF antenna . 16
Figure 7 – Test diagram for sensitivity check . 17
Figure 8 – Example of relation between the outputs of LVPG and PD detector . 18
Figure 9 – Example of increasing and decreasing the impulse voltage magnitude . 19
Figure A.1 – Example of overlap between voltage impulse and PD pulse spectra
(dotted area) . 20
Figure A.2 – Example of voltage impulse and PD pulse spectra after filtering . 20
Figure A.3 – Example of impulse voltage damping as a function of impulse voltage
magnitude and rise time . 21
Figure B.1 – Power supply waveform and recorded signal using an antenna during
supply voltage commutation . 22
Figure B.2 – Signal detected by an antenna from the record of Figure B.1, using a
filtering technique (400 MHz high-pass filter) . 23
Figure B.3 – Characteristic of the filter used to pass from Figure B.1 to Figure B.2 . 23
Figure C.1 – Sequence of negative voltage impulses used for RRT . 24
Figure C.2 – PD pulses corresponding to voltage impulses . 25
Figure C.3 – Dependence of normalized RPDIV on 100 data (NRPDIV/100) on relative
humidity . 25
Table 1 – Example of parameter values of impulse voltage waveform without load . 11
Table D.1 – Examples of bandwidths and noise levels for practical PD sensors . 26
– 4 – IEC TS 61934:2024 © IEC 2024
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS –
ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT OF PARTIAL DISCHARGES (PD)
UNDER SHORT RISE TIME AND REPETITIVE VOLTAGE IMPULSES
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property dam
...
IEC TS 61934 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-01
REDLINE VERSION
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Electrical insulating materials and systems – Electrical measurement of partial
discharges (PD) under short rise time and repetitive voltage impulses
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Secretariat Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews, graphical symbols and the glossary.
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced With a subscription you will always have access to up to date
and withdrawn publications. content tailored to your needs.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
details all new publications released. Available online and once
containing more than 22 500 terminological entries in English
a month by email.
and French, with equivalent terms in 25 additional languages.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
(IEV) online.
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need
further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
IEC TS 61934 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-01
REDLINE VERSION
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Electrical insulating materials and systems – Electrical measurement of partial
discharges (PD) under short rise time and repetitive voltage impulses
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 17.220.99; 29.035.01; 29.080.30 ISBN 978-2-8322-8189-5
– 2 – IEC TS 61934:2024 RLV © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 2
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Measurement of partial discharge pulses during repetitive, short rise-time voltage
impulses and comparison with power frequency . 9
4.1 Measurement frequency . 9
4.2 Measurement quantities . 10
4.3 Test objects . 10
4.3.1 General . 10
4.3.2 Inductive test objects . 10
4.3.3 Capacitive test objects . 10
4.3.4 Distributed impedance test objects . 10
4.4 Voltage impulse generators . 11
4.4.1 General . 11
4.4.2 Voltage impulse waveforms . 11
4.5 Effect of testing conditions . 12
4.5.1 General . 12
4.5.2 Effect of environmental factors . 12
4.5.3 Effect of testing conditions and ageing . 12
5 PD detection methods . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.2 PD pulse coupling and detection devices . 13
5.2.1 Introductory remarks . 13
5.2.2 Coupling capacitor with multipole filter . 13
5.2.3 HFCT with multipole filter. 14
5.2.4 Electromagnetic couplers . 15
5.2.5 Electromagnetic UHF antennae . 15
5.2.5 Charge measurements .
5.3 Source-controlled gating techniques .
6 Measuring instruments . 18
7 Sensitivity check of the PD measuring equipment and high voltage source
generator . 18
7.1 General . 18
7.2 Test diagram for sensitivity check . 18
7.3 PD detection sensitivity check . 19
7.4 Background noise check . 19
7.5 Detection system and HVIG noise check . 19
7.6 Sensitivity report . 20
8 Test procedure for increasing and decreasing the repetitive impulse voltage
magnitude . 20
9 Test report . 22
Annex A (informative) Voltage impulse suppression required by the coupling device . 24
Annex B (informative) PD pulses extracted from a supply voltage impulse through
filtering techniques. 26
Annex C (informative) Results of round-robin tests of RPDIV measurement . 28
Annex D (informative) Examples of noise levels of practical PD detectors . 30
Bibliography . 31
Figure 1 – Coupling capacitor with multipole filter . 13
Figure 2 – Example of voltage impulse and ideal PD pulse frequency spectra before
and after filtering. 14
Figure 3 – HFCT between supply and test object with multipole filter . 15
Figure 4 – HFCT between test object and earth with multipole filter . 15
Figure 5 – Circuit using an electromagnetic coupler (e.g. an antenna) to suppress
impulses from the test supply . 15
Figure 6 – Circuit using an electromagnetic UHF antenna . 16
Figure 7 – Example of waveforms of repetitive bipolar impulse voltage
and charge accumulation for a twisted-pair sample .
Figure 8 – Charge measurements .
Figure 9 – Example of PD detection using electronic source-controlled gating
(other PD coupling devices can be used) .
Figure 7 – Test diagram for sensitivity check . 19
Figure 8 – Example of relation between the outputs of LVPG and PD detector . 20
Figure 9 – Example of increasing and decreasing the impulse voltage magnitude . 22
Figure A.1 – Example of overlap between voltage impulse and PD pulse spectra
(dotted area) . 24
Figure A.2 – Example of voltage impulse and PD pulse spectra after filtering . 24
Figure A.3 – Example of impulse voltage damping as a function of impulse voltage
magnitude and rise time . 25
Figure B.1 – Power supply waveform and recorded signal using an antenna during
supply voltage commutation . 26
Figure B.2 – Signal detected by an antenna from the record of Figure B.1, using a
filtering technique (400 MHz high-pass filter) . 27
Figure B.3 – Characteristic of the filter used to pass from Figure B.1 to Figure B.2 . 27
Figure C.1 – Sequence of negative voltage impulses used for RRT . 28
Figure C.2 – PD pulses corresponding to voltage impulses . 29
Figure C.3 – Dependence of normalized RPDIV on 100 data (NRPDIV/100) on relative
humidity . 29
Table 1 – Example of parameter values of impulse voltage waveform without load . 11
Table D.1 – Examples of bandwidths and noise levels for practical PD sensors . 30
– 4 – IEC TS 61934:2024 RLV © IEC 2024
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS –
ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT OF PARTIAL DISCHARGES (PD)
UNDER SHORT RISE TIME AND REPETITIVE VOLTAGE IMPULSES
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the correspond
...
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