IEC 60464-2:2001

Varnishes used for electrical insulation - Part 2: Methods of test

Specifies methods of test to be used for testing varnishes used for electrical insulation. This includes methods of test to be applied before and others to be applied after drying and/or curing of the varnish.

Vernis utilisés pour l'isolation électrique - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai

Spécifie les méthodes d'essai à utiliser pour essayer les vernis utilisés pour l'isolation électrique. Ces méthodes comprennent des essais à appliquer avant séchage et/ou durcissement du vernis, et d'autres après.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jul-2001
• ICS: 17.220.99 - Other standards related to electricity and magnetism
• ICS: 29.035.01 - Insulating materials in general
• Technical Committee: TC 15 - Solid electrical insulating materials
• Drafting Committee: WG 7 - TC 15/WG 7
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 15-Sep-2001
• Completion Date: 02-Aug-2001

Relations

• Amended By: IEC 60464-2:2001/AMD1:2006 - Amendment 1 - Varnishes used for electrical insulation - Part 2: Methods of test
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
60464-2
INTERNATIONAL
Deuxième édition
STANDARD
Second edition
2001-07
Vernis utilisés pour l'isolation électrique –
Partie 2:
Méthodes d'essai
Varnishes used for electrical insulation –
Part 2:
Methods of test
Numéro de référence
Reference number
CEI/IEC 60464-2:2001
Numérotation des publications Publication numbering
Depuis le 1er janvier 1997, les publications de la CEI As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are
sont numérotées à partir de 60000. Ainsi, la CEI 34-1 issued with a designation in the 60000 series. For
devient la CEI 60034-1. example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1.
Editions consolidées Consolidated editions
Les versions consolidées de certaines publications de la The IEC is now publishing consolidated versions of its
CEI incorporant les amendements sont disponibles. Par publications. For example, edition numbers 1.0, 1.1
exemple, les numéros d’édition 1.0, 1.1 et 1.2 indiquent and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication,
respectivement la publication de base, la publication de the base publication incorporating amendment 1 and
base incorporant l’amendement 1, et la publication de the base publication incorporating amendments 1
base incorporant les amendements 1 et 2. and 2.
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NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
60464-2
INTERNATIONAL
Deuxième édition
STANDARD
Second edition
2001-07
Vernis utilisés pour l'isolation électrique –
Partie 2:
Méthodes d'essai
Varnishes used for electrical insulation –
Part 2:
Methods of test
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– 2 – 60464-2  CEI:2001
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 4
INTRODUCTION .6
1 Domaine d’application. 8
2 Références normatives . 8
3 Définitions. 12
4 Observations générales sur les méthodes d’essai. 12
5 Méthodes d’essai pour les vernis non secs et/ou non durcis . 14
5.1 Point éclair . 14
5.2 Masse volumique . 14
5.3 Viscosité. 14
5.4 Teneur en matière non volatile. 14
5.5 Aptitude à la dilution . 14
5.6 Stabilité du vernis dans un récipient ouvert. 16
5.7 Séchage et/ou durcissement en couche épaisse . 16
5.8 Effet du vernis sur des fils de bobinage émaillés. 20
6 Méthodes d’essai pour des vernis secs et/ou durcis. 20
6.1 Eprouvettes . 20
6.2 Propriétés mécaniques . 24
6.3 Propriétés thermiques. 24
6.4 Propriétés chimiques . 26
6.5 Propriétés électriques . 30
Figure 1 – Dispositif d’essai pour la résistivité transversale. 36
Figure 2 – Exemple pour la disposition des électrodes . 38
Tableau 1 – Etat de la partie supérieure. 18
Tableau 2 – Etat du fond . 18
Tableau 3 – Etat de la partie intérieure. 18

60464-2  IEC:2001 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION .7
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references. 9
3 Definitions. 13
4 General notes on methods of test . 13
5 Methods of test for undried and/or uncured varnishes . 15
5.1 Flashpoint. 15
5.2 Density . 15
5.3 Viscosity . 15
5.4 Content of non-volatile matter . 15
5.5 Dilution ability . 15
5.6 Stability of varnish in an open vessel . 17
5.7 Drying and/or curing in thick layer. 17
5.8 Effect of varnish on enamelled winding wires . 21
6 Methods of test for dried and/or cured varnishes. 21
6.1 Test specimen . 21
6.2 Mechanical properties. 25
6.3 Thermal properties. 25
6.4 Chemical properties . 27
6.5 Electrical properties . 31
Figure 1 – Test set-up for volume resistivity . 37
Figure 2 – Example of electrode arrangement . 39
Table 1 – Condition of the top side . 19
Table 2 – Condition of the bottom side . 19
Table 3 – Condition of the interior . 19

– 4 – 60464-2  CEI:2001
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________
VERNIS UTILISÉS POUR L'ISOLATION ÉLECTRIQUE –
Partie 2: Méthodes d’essai
AVANT-PROPOS
1) La CEI (Commission Électrotechnique Internationale) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation
composée de l'ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de la CEI). La CEI a
pour objet de favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans les
domaines de l'électricité et de l'électronique. A cet effet, la CEI, entre autres activités, publie des Normes
internationales. Leur élaboration est confiée à des comités d'études, aux travaux desquels tout Comité national
intéressé par le sujet traité peut participer. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec la CEI, participent également aux travaux. La CEI collabore étroitement
avec l'Organisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO), selon des conditions fixées par accord entre les
deux organisations.
2) Les décisions ou accords officiels de la CEI concernant les questions techniques représentent, dans la mesure
du possible, un accord international sur les sujets étudiés, étant donné que les Comités nationaux intéressés
sont représentés dans chaque comité d’études.
3) Les documents produits se présentent sous la forme de recommandations internationales. Ils sont publiés
comme normes, spécifications techniques, rapports techniques ou guides et agréés comme tels par les
Comités nationaux.
4) Dans le but d'encourager l'unification internationale, les Comités nationaux de la CEI s'engagent à appliquer de
façon transparente, dans toute la mesure possible, les Normes internationales de la CEI dans leurs normes
nationales et régionales. Toute divergence entre la norme de la CEI et la norme nationale ou régionale
correspondante doit être indiquée en termes clairs dans cette dernière.
5) La CEI n’a fixé aucune procédure concernant le marquage comme indication d’approbation et sa responsabilité
n’est pas engagée quand un matériel est déclaré conforme à l’une de ses normes.
6) L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments de la présente Norme internationale peuvent faire
l’objet de droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. La CEI ne saurait être tenue pour
responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et de ne pas avoir signalé leur existence.
La Norme internationale CEI 60464-2 a été établie par le sous-comité 15C: Spécifications, du
comité d’études 15 de la CEI: Matériaux isolants.
Cette seconde édition annule et remplace la première édition parue en 1974 dont elle
constitue une révision technique.
Le texte de cette norme est issu des documents suivants:
FDIS Rapport de vote
15C/1224/FDIS 15C/1253/RVD
Le rapport de vote indiqué dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute information sur le vote ayant
abouti à l’approbation de cette norme.
Cette publication a été rédigée selon les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 3.
Le comité a décidé que le contenu de cette publication ne sera pas modifié avant 2005.
A cette date, la publication sera
reconduite;
supprimée;
remplacée par une édition révisée, ou
amendée.
60464-2  IEC:2001 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
VARNISHES USED FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION –
Part 2: Methods of test
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the
two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form
of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National
Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60464-2 has been prepared by subcommittee 15C: Specifications,
of IEC technical committee 15: Insulating materials.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1974, and constitutes
a technical revision.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
15C/1224/FDIS 15C/1253/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged
until 2005. At this date, the publication will be
reconfirmed;
withdrawn;
replaced by a revised edition, or
amended.
– 6 – 60464-2  CEI:2001
INTRODUCTION
La présente partie de la CEI 60464 fait partie d’une série traitant des vernis utilisés pour
l’isolation électrique. Cette série comprend trois parties:
Partie 1: Définitions et prescriptions générales (CEI 60464-1);
Partie 2: Méthodes d’essai (CEI 60464-2);
Partie 3: Spécifications pour les matériaux particuliers (CEI 60464-3).

60464-2  IEC:2001 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 60464 is one of a series which deals with varnishes used for electrical
insulation. The series consists of three parts:
Part 1: Definitions and general requirements (IEC 60464-1);
Part 2: Methods of test (IEC 60464-2);
Part 3: Specifications for individual materials (IEC 60464-3).

– 8 – 60464-2  CEI:2001
VERNIS UTILISÉS POUR L'ISOLATION ÉLECTRIQUE –
Partie 2: Méthodes d’essai
1 Domaine d’application
La présente partie de la CEI 60464 spécifie les méthodes d’essai à utiliser pour essayer les
vernis utilisés pour l’isolation électrique. Ces méthodes comprennent des essais à appliquer
avant séchage et/ou durcissement du vernis, et d’autres après.
2 Références normatives
Les documents normatifs suivants contiennent des dispositions qui, par suite de la référence
qui y est faite, constituent des dispositions valables pour la présente partie de la CEI 60464.
Pour les références datées, les amendements ultérieurs ou les révisions de ces publications
ne s’appliquent pas. Toutefois, les parties prenantes aux accords fondés sur la présente
partie de la CEI 60464 sont invitées à rechercher la possibilité d'appliquer les éditions les
plus récentes des documents normatifs indiqués ci-après. Pour les références non datées, la
dernière édition du document normatif en référence s’applique. Les membres de la CEI et de
l'ISO possèdent le registre des Normes internationales en vigueur.
CEI 60050(212):1990, Vocabulaire Electrotechnique International (VEI) – Chapitre 212:
Isolants solides, liquides et gazeux
CEI 60068-2-10:1988, Essais d’environnement – Deuxième partie: Essais – Essai J et guide:
Moisissures
CEI 60093:1980, Méthodes pour la mesure de la résistivité transversale et de la résistivité
superficielle des matériaux isolants électriques solides
CEI 60216 (toutes les parties), Guide pour la détermination des propriétés d’endurance
thermique de matériaux isolants électriques
CEI 60243-1:1998, Rigidité diélectrique des matériaux isolants – Méthodes d’essai – Partie 1:
Essais aux fréquences industrielles
CEI 60250:1969, Méthodes recommandées pour la détermination de la permittivité et du
facteur de dissipation des isolants électriques aux fréquences industrielles, audibles et
radioélectriques (ondes métriques comprises)
CEI 60296:1982, Spécification des huiles minérales isolantes neuves pour transformateurs et
appareillage de connexion
CEI 60464 (toutes les parties), Vernis utilisés pour l'isolation électrique
CEI 60641-3-1:1992, Spécification pour le carton comprimé et le papier comprimé à usages
électriques – Partie 3: Spécifications pour matériaux particuliers – Feuille 1: Prescriptions
pour carton comprimé, types B.0.1, B.2.1, B.2.3, B.3.1, B.3.3, B.4.1, B.4.3, B.5,1, B.6.1
et B.7.1
CEI 60851-4:1996, Méthodes d’essai des fils de bobinage – Partie 4: Propriétés chimiques
CEI 61033:1991, Méthodes d’essai pour la détermination du pouvoir agglomérant des agents
d'imprégnation sur fil émaillé

60464-2  IEC:2001 – 9 –
VARNISHES USED FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION –
Part 2: Methods of test
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60464 specifies methods of test to be used for testing varnishes used for
electrical insulation. This includes methods of test to be applied before and others to be
applied after drying and/or curing of the varnish.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this part of IEC 60464. For dated references, subsequent amend-
ments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to
agreements based on this part of IEC 60464 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC
and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60050(212):1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 212: Insulating
solids, liquids and gases
IEC 60068-2-10:1988, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test J and guidance: Mould
growth
IEC 60093:1980, Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid
electrical insulating materials
IEC 60216 (all parts), Guide for the determination of thermal endurance properties of
electrical insulating materials
IEC 60243-1:1998, Electrical strength of insulating materials – Test methods – Part 1: Tests
at power frequencies
IEC 60250:1969, Recommended methods for the determination of the permittivity and
dielectric dissipation factor of electrical insulating materials at power, audio and radio
frequencies including metre wavelengths
IEC 60296:1982, Specification for unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and
switchgear
IEC 60464 (all parts), Varnishes used for electrical insulation
IEC 60641-3-1:1992, Specification for pressboard and presspaper for electrical purposes –
Part 3: Specifications for individual materials – Sheet 1: Requirements for pressboard, types
B.0.1, B.2.1, B.2.3, B.3.1, B.3.3, B.4.1, B.4.3, B.5,1, B.6.1 and B.7.1
IEC 60851-4:1996, Methods of test for winding wires – Part 4: Chemical properties
IEC 61033:1991, Test methods for the determination of bond strength of impregnating agents
to an enamelled wire substrate

– 10 – 60464-2  CEI:2001
CEI 61099:1992, Spécifications pour esters organiques de synthèse neufs à usages électriques
ISO 291:1997, Plastiques – Atmosphères normales de conditionnement et d’essai
ISO 558:1980, Conditionnement et essais – Atmosphères normales – Définitions
ISO 1144:1973, Textiles – Système universel de désignation de la masse linéique (système Tex)
ISO 1513:1992, Peintures et vernis – Examen et préparation des échantillons pour essais
ISO 1514:1993, Peintures et vernis – Panneaux normalisés pour essais
ISO 1519:1973, Peintures et vernis – Essai de pliage sur mandrin cylindrique
ISO 1520:1999, Peintures et vernis – Essai d’emboutissage (disponible en anglais seulement)
ISO 1523:1983, Peintures, vernis, pétrole et produits assimilés – Détermination du point
d’éclair – Méthode à l’équilibre en vase clos
ISO 2078:1993, Verre textile – Fils – Désignation
ISO 2113:1996, Renforts – Tissus – Base de spécification
ISO 2431:1993, Peintures et vernis – Détermination du temps d’écoulement au moyen de
coupes d’écoulement
ISO 2555:1989, Plastiques – Résines à l’état liquide ou en émulsions ou dispersions –
Détermination de la viscosité apparente selon le procédé Brookfield
ISO 2578:1993, Plastiques – Détermination des limites temps-températures après exposition
à l’action prolongée de la chaleur
ISO 2592:2000, Détermination des points d’éclair et de feu – Méthode Cleveland à vase
ouvert
ISO 2808:1997, Peintures et vernis – Détermination de l’épaisseur du feuil
ISO 2811 (toutes les parties), Peintures et vernis – Détermination de la masse volumique
ISO 2812-1:1993, Peintures et vernis – Détermination de la résistance aux liquides – Partie 1:
Méthodes générales
ISO 3219:1993, Plastiques – Polymères/résines à l’état liquide, en émulsion ou en dispersion –
Détermination de la viscosité au moyen d’un viscosimètre rotatif à gradient de vitesse de
cisaillement défini
ISO 3251:1993, Peintures et vernis – Détermination de l’extrait sec des peintures, des vernis
et de liants pour peintures et vernis
ISO 3679:1983, Peintures, vernis, produits pétroliers et assimilés – Détermination du point
d’éclair – Méthode rapide à l’équilibre
ISO 15528:2000, Peintures, vernis et matières premières pour peintures et vernis –
Echantillonnage
60464-2  IEC:2001 – 11 –
IEC 61099:1992, Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for electrical purposes
ISO 291:1997, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 558:1980, Conditioning and testing – Standard atmospheres – Definitions
ISO 1144:1973, Textiles – Universal system for designating linear density (Tex System)
ISO 1513:1992, Paints and varnishes – Examination and preparation of samples for testing
ISO 1514:1993, Paints and varnishes – Standard panels for testing
ISO 1519:1973, Paints and varnishes – Bend test (cylindrical mandrel)
ISO 1520:1999, Paints and varnishes – Cupping test
ISO 1523:1983, Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related products – Determination of flash
point – Closed cup equilibrium method
ISO 2078:1993, Textile glass – Yarns – Designation
ISO 2113:1996, Reinforcement fibres – Woven fabrics – Basis for a specification
ISO 2431:1993, Paints and varnishes – Determination of flow time by use of flow cups
ISO 2555:1989, Plastics – Resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions –
Determination of apparent viscosity by the Brookfield Test method
ISO 2578:1993, Plastics – Determination of time-temperature limits after prolonged exposure
to heat
ISO 2592:2000, Determination of flash and fire points – Cleveland open cup method
ISO 2808:1997, Paints and varnishes – Determination of film thickness
ISO 2811 (all parts), Paints and varnishes – Determination of density
ISO 2812-1:1993, Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to liquids – Part 1:
General methods
ISO 3219:1993, Plastics – Polymers/resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions –
Determination of viscosity using a rotational viscometer with defined shear rate
ISO 3251:1993, Paints and varnishes – Determination of non-volatile matter of paints,
varnishes and binders for paints and varnishes
ISO 3679:1983, Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related products – Determination of
flashpoint – Rapid equilibrium method
ISO 15528:2000, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes – Sampling

– 12 – 60464-2  CEI:2001
3 Définitions
Pour les besoins de cette partie de la CEI 60464, les définitions suivantes ainsi que celles de
la CEI 60050(212) et de la CEI 60464-1 s’appliquent.
3.1
résistance transversale
partie de la résistance d’isolement due à la conduction au travers du volume et excluant le
courant de surface
3.2
résistivité transversale
résistance transversale ramenée à l’unité cubique de volume
3.3
facteur de dissipation diélectrique (tan δ)
valeur numérique du rapport de la partie imaginaire sur la partie réelle de la permittivité
complexe
3.4
permittivité relative (ε )
r
rapport de la permittivité absolue sur la constante diélectrique
NOTE En pratique, dans l’industrie, il est courant d’utiliser le terme de permittivité en faisant référence à la
permittivité relative.
4 Observations générales sur les méthodes d’essai
Sauf spécification contraire dans la norme de spécifications correspondante ou dans la méthode
d’essai, tous les essais doivent être réalisés dans des conditions atmosphériques de tempé-
rature de (25 ± 4) °C et d’humidité relative comprise entre 45 % et 70 %. Avant de faire les
mesures, l’échantillon ou l’éprouvette doivent être préconditionnées dans ces conditions
atmosphériques pendant un temps suffisant pour permettre à l’échantillon ou à l’éprouvette
d’atteindre la stabilité. Pour prélever des échantillons dans du liquide ou dans une pâte, on
doit appliquer l'ISO 15528. Pour préparer de tels échantillons en vue d’essai, on doit
appliquer l'ISO 1513.
NOTE Pour les définitions des termes relatifs aux atmosphères standard, voir ISO 558. L’atmosphère d’essai
spécifiée ci-dessus n'est conforme à aucune des deux atmosphères spécifiées dans l'ISO 291, mais couvre les
deux plages y compris leurs tolérances.
Normalement, toutes les exigences d’une méthode d’essai sont données dans la description,
et les schémas sont conçus uniquement pour illustrer une disposition possible pour réaliser
l’essai. En cas d'antagonismes entre la présente norme et les feuilles de spécifications de la
CEI 60464-3, cette dernière prévaut.
Si une autre norme est évoquée comme méthode d’essai, la référence à cette norme doit être
indiquée dans le rapport.
60464-2  IEC:2001 – 13 –
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of IEC 60464, the following definitions as well as the definitions
of IEC 60050(212) and IEC 60464-1 apply.
3.1
volume resistance
that part of the insulation resistance which is due to conduction through the volume and
excludes surface current
3.2
volume resistivity
volume resistance reduced to a cubical unit volume
3.3
dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ)
numerical value of the ratio of the imaginary to the real part of the complex permittivity
3.4
relative permittivity (ε )
r
ratio of the absolute permittivity to the electric constant
NOTE In practical engineering, it is usual to employ the term "permittivity" when referring to relative permittivity.
4 General notes on methods of test
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specification standard, or in the method of test, all
tests shall be carried out at atmospheric conditions in a temperature of (25 ± 4) °C and a
relative humidity range between 45 % to 70 %. Before measurements are made, the sample
or test specimen shall be pre-conditioned under these atmospheric conditions for a time
sufficient to allow the sample or the test specimen to reach stability. For taking samples in
liquid or paste form, ISO 15528 shall be applied. For preparation of such samples for testing,
ISO 1513 shall be applied.
NOTE For definitions of terms for standard atmospheres, see ISO 558. The test atmosphere as specified above
does not comply with any of the two standard atmospheres as specified in ISO 291 but covers both ranges
inclusive of their tolerances.
Normally, all mandatory requirements for a method of test are given in the description, and
diagrams are intended only to illustrate one possible arrangement for conducting the test. In
case of inconsistencies between this standard and the specification sheets of IEC 60464-3,
the latter shall prevail.
When another standard is invoked for a test method, reference to that standard shall be
included in the report.
– 14 – 60464-2  CEI:2001
5 Méthodes d’essai pour les vernis non secs et/ou non durcis
Les matériaux avant séchage et/ou durcissement sont des vernis dans leur état liquide
d’origine.
5.1 Point éclair
Pour les températures de point éclair supérieures ou égales à 79 °C, la méthode donnée dans
I’ISO 2592 doit être utilisée. Pour les températures de point éclair inférieures à 79 °C, la
méthode donnée dans I’ISO 1523 doit être utilisée, avec une coupe fermée quelconque, telle
que celle décrite dans l’annexe A de cette norme. L'ISO 1523 doit être lue en liaison avec
I’ISO 3679.
On doit faire deux mesures sur deux éprouvettes distinctes et les deux résultats concernant le
point éclair doivent être consignés.
5.2 Masse volumique
On doit utiliser la méthode donnée dans I’ISO 2811. On doit faire deux mesures et les deux
résultats concernant la masse volumique doivent être consignés.
5.3 Viscosité
La viscosité doit être déterminée avec un dispositif adapté, à la température de (23 ± 0,5) °C.
Si un dispositif de type rotatif est utilisé, il doit être conforme à I’ISO 2555 (de type
Brookfield) ou à I’ISO 3219 (de type fonctionnant à un taux de cisaillement défini). Si on
utilise un matériel de type à écoulement, la méthode d’essai et la coupe d’écoulement doivent
être conformes à I’ISO 2431.
On doit faire deux mesures et les deux résultats concernant la viscosité doivent être consignés.
5.4 Teneur en matière non volatile
On doit utiliser la méthode donnée dans I’ISO 3251. On doit faire deux mesures et les deux
résultats concernant la teneur en matière non volatile doivent être consignés.
5.5 Aptitude à la dilution
L’aptitude à la dilution est exprimée par la quantité de solvant et/ou de diluant que l’on peut
ajouter au vernis sans observer d’opalescence ni de séparation de phases.
5.5.1 Procédure
On doit verser un échantillon de vernis de (50 ± 1) ml dans un cylindre en verre d’environ
250 ml. On doit ajouter du solvant et/ou du diluant conformément à l’accord entre fournisseur
et acheteur, dans des proportions définies, par exemple (10 ± 0,2) ml, jusqu’à ce que l’on
observe une opalescence ou une séparation de phase. Après chaque rajout, le contenu du
cylindre en verre doit être agité proprement pour obtenir un mélange homogène et on doit
laisser reposer pendant au moins 5 min, mais pas plus de 10 min.
5.5.2 Résultat
On doit faire une mesure et le type de solvant et/ou de diluant ainsi que le pourcentage en
volume rajouté sans apparition d’opalescence ni de séparation de phases doivent être
consignés.
60464-2  IEC:2001 – 15 –
5 Methods of test for undried and/or uncured varnishes
The materials before drying and/or curing are varnishes in their original liquid state.
5.1 Flashpoint
For flashpoint temperatures of 79 °C and above, the method given in ISO 2592 shall be used.
For flashpoint temperatures below 79 °C, the method given in ISO 1523 shall be used with
any of the closed-cup apparatus as described in annex A of that standard. ISO 1523 shall be
read in conjunction with ISO 3679.
Two measurements shall be made on two separate samples and the two results of flashpoint
shall be reported.
5.2 Density
The method given in ISO 2811 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made and the two
results of density shall be reported.
5.3 Viscosity
The viscosity shall be determined with a suitable device at (23 ± 0,5) °C. If a rotating type of
device is used, it shall be in accordance with ISO 2555 (Brookfield type) or with ISO 3219
(a type working at defined shear rate). If an efflux type of equipment is used, the method of
test and the flow cup shall be in accordance with ISO 2431.
Two measurements shall be made and the two results of viscosity shall be reported.
5.4 Content of non-volatile matter
The method given in ISO 3251 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made and the two
results of the content of non-volatile matter shall be reported.
5.5 Dilution ability
Dilution ability is expressed by the amount of solvent and/or diluent which can be added to the
varnish until cloudiness or separation is observed.
5.5.1 Procedure
A varnish sample of (50 ± 1) ml shall be poured into a glass cylinder of about 250 ml volume.
Solvent and/or diluent as agreed between supplier and purchaser shall be added in defined
portions of for instance (10 ± 0,2) ml until cloudiness or separation is observed. After each
addition, the content of the glass cylinder shall be properly stirred to obtain a homogeneous
mixture and shall be allowed to settle for at least 5 min and not more than 10 min.
5.5.2 Result
One measurement shall be made and the type of solvent and/or diluent and the percentage in
volume added without appearance of cloudiness or separation shall be reported.

– 16 – 60464-2  CEI:2001
5.6 Stabilité du vernis dans un récipient ouvert
La stabilité du vernis dans un récipient ouvert est exprimée par la modification de la viscosité
après stockage du vernis, à la température de (50 ± 2) °C, pendant (96 ± 1) h (quatre jours).
5.6.1 Matériel
Sauf spécification contraire, on doit utiliser le matériel suivant:
– un récipient cylindrique en verre de 7 cm ou 8 cm de diamètre et d’une hauteur de 9 cm à
10 cm;
– une étuve sans ventilation forcée dont le débit d’air est de 6 à 10 renouvellements par
heure.
5.6.2 Procédure
La viscosité de l’échantillon de vernis doit être déterminée conformément à 5.3, pour une
température de (23 ± 0,5) °C. Un échantillon de vernis de (150 ± 1) g doit alors être pesé
dans le cylindre en verre et doit être placé dans le four maintenu à la température de
(50 ± 2) °C. Toutes les 24 h une quantité de solvant et/ou de diluant, conformément aux
accords passés entre fournisseur et acheteur, doit être ajoutée pour compenser la perte par
évaporation et doit être mélangée proprement avec le vernis. Quand la même procédure est
terminée après 96 h, on doit déterminer la viscosité du vernis, conformément à 5.3, pour une
température de (23 ± 0,5) °C.
5.6.3 Résultat
On doit faire une mesure, et le type de solvant et/ou de diluant, ainsi que la viscosité avant et
après l’exposition en température doivent être consignés.
5.7 Séchage et/ou durcissement en couche épaisse
Le séchage et/ou le durcissement en couche épaisse est exprimé par l’état après durcis-
sement de la partie supérieure, du fond et de la partie intérieure de l’échantillon.
5.7.1 Matériel
On doit utiliser le matériel suivant:
– des morceaux plats et lisses de feuille d’aluminium, de forme carrée, ayant une épaisseur
de 0,1 mm à 0,15 mm et de (95 ± 1) mm de côté;
– une forme carrée faite en métal ou en n’importe quel matériau solide adéquat, de (25 ± 1) mm
d’épaisseur et de (45 ± 1) mm de côté;
– une étuve avec une ventilation forcée dont le débit d’air minimal correspond à huit
renouvellements d’air par heure. L’étuve doit être de type et de conception identiques à
celles utilisées pour le séchage et/ou le durcissement des éprouvettes.
5.7.2 Eprouvette
Un morceau de feuille d’aluminium doit être nettoyé avec les moyens adéquats et doit être
plié autour d’une forme pour obtenir un moule carré d’environ 45 mm de côté. On doit peser
dans le moule, à 0,1 g près, un échantillon de vernis dont la masse est de:
m = 810 ρ/X
où
m est la masse de l'échantillon exprimée en gramme (g);
ρ est la masse volumique exprimée en gramme par centimètres cubes (g/cm );
X est la quantité de matière non volatile exprimée en pourcentage (%).

60464-2  IEC:2001 – 17 –
5.6 Stability of varnish in an open vessel
Stability in an open vessel is expressed by the change in viscosity after storing the varnish at
(50 ± 2) °C for (96 ± 1) h (four days).
5.6.1 Equipment
If not otherwise specified, the following equipment shall be used:
– a glass cylinder of 7 cm to 8 cm in diameter and of 9 cm to 10 cm in height;
– an oven without forced air circulation and with a rate of ventilation of 6 to 10 air changes
per hour.
5.6.2 Procedure
Viscosity of the varnish sample shall be determined in accordance with 5.3 at (23 ± 0,5) °C.
A varnish sample of (150 ± 1) g shall then be weighed into the glass cylinder and shall be
placed in the oven maintained at (50 ± 2) °C. Every 24 h an amount of solvent and/or diluent
as agreed between supplier and purchaser shall be added to compensate for that lost by
evaporation and shall be properly mixed with the varnish. When the same procedure is
completed after 96 h, the viscosity of the varnish shall be determined according to 5.3 at
(23 ± 0,5) °C.
5.6.3 Result
One measurement shall be made and the type of solvent and/or diluent as well as the
viscosity before and the viscosity after temperature exposure shall be reported.
5.7 Drying and/or curing in thick layer
Drying and/or curing in thick layer is expressed by the condition after curing of the top side,
bottom side and interior of the specimen.
5.7.1 Equipment
The following equipment shall be used:
– flat and smooth square pieces of aluminium foil, 0,1 mm to 0,15 mm in thickness, having a
side length of (95 ± 1) mm;
– a square form made of metal or any suitable solid material (25 ± 1) mm in thickness and
having a side length of (45 ± 1) mm;
– an oven with forced air circulation and with a minimum rate of eight fresh-air changes per
hour. The oven shall be of the type and design used for drying and/or curing specimens.
5.7.2 Test specimen
A piece of aluminium foil shall be cleaned by adequate means and shall be folded around the
form to produce a square mould of about 45 mm side length. A varnish sample with a mass of
m = 810 ρ/X
shall be weighed to 0,1 g into the mould,
where
m is the sample mass in grams (g);
ρ is the density in grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm );
X is the non-volatile matter in per cent (%).

– 18 – 60464-2  CEI:2001
Après séchage et/ou durcissement à la température et pour une durée conformes aux accords
passés entre le fournisseur et l'acheteur, retirer la feuille d’aluminium.
NOTE En utilisant le coefficient 810 cm précisé par l’équation indiquée précédemment, une épaisseur
d’éprouvette d’environ 4 mm quand la feuille d’aluminium a été retirée est garantie.
5.7.3 Procédure
L’éprouvette doit être identifiée par la description des états concernant sa partie supérieure,
son fond et sa partie intérieure. Cette description s’exprime par les constats faits sur son appa-
rence et sur son aspect poisseux précisés par les symboles donnés aux tableaux 1, 2 et 3.
Tableau 1 – Etat de la partie supérieure
Etat Symbole
Lisse S 1
Plissé S 2
Tableau 2 – Etat du fond
Etat Symbole
Non poisseux U 1
Poisseux U 2
L’aspect poisseux doit être déterminé conformément à 6.4.1
Tableau 3 – Etat de la partie intérieure
Etat Symbole X
Rigide I 1.X
Apparence de corne, usinable I 2.X
Apparence du cuir I 3.X
Caoutchouteux I 4.X
Gélatineux I 5.X
Liquide I 6.X
L’éprouvette ne contient
– aucune cavité 1
– pas plus de cinq cavités 2
– plus de cinq cavités 3
Pour ce qui concerne l’état de l’intérieur, on doit ajouter un constat indiquant si celui-ci est
uniforme ou non.
NOTE Il peut être nécessaire de couper l’éprouvette, de plier l’éprouvette avec ses doigts ou d’utiliser un couteau
pour décrire les propriétés mécaniques.
5.7.4 Résultat
On doit essayer deux éprouvettes et les deux résultats concernant le séchage et/ou le
durcissement en couche épaisse doivent être consignés.
EXEMPLE Pour une éprouvette ayant sa partie supérieure lisse, son fond non poisseux, et
l’apparence du cuir, tout en étant uniforme et contenant trois cavités, le résultat est décrit par:
S 1 – U 1 – I 3.2 – uniforme.
60464-2  IEC:2001 – 19 –
After drying and/or curing at a temperatu
...

IEC 60464-2 ®
Edition 2.1 2014-05
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Varnishes used for electrical insulation –
Part 2: Methods of test
Vernis utilisés pour l'isolation électrique –
Partie 2: Méthodes d’essai
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IEC 60464-2 ®
Edition 2.1 2014-05
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Varnishes used for electrical insulation –

Part 2: Methods of test
Vernis utilisés pour l'isolation électrique –

Partie 2: Méthodes d’essai
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220.99; 29.035.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-1613-2

IEC 60464-2 ®
Edition 2.1 2014-05
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Varnishes used for electrical insulation –
Part 2: Methods of test
Vernis utilisés pour l'isolation électrique –
Partie 2: Méthodes d’essai
– 2 – IEC 60464-2:2001
+AMD1:2006 CSV  IEC 2014
CONTENTS
CONTENTS . 2
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Definitions . 9
4 General notes on methods of test . 9
5 Methods of test for undried and/or uncured varnishes . 9
5.1 Flashpoint . 10
5.2 Density . 10
5.3 Viscosity . 10
5.4 Content of non-volatile matter . 10
5.5 Dilution ability . 10
5.5.1 Procedure . 10
5.5.2 Result . 10
5.6 Stability of varnish in an open vessel . 10
5.6.1 Equipment . 10
5.6.2 Procedure . 11
5.6.3 Result . 11
5.7 Drying and/or curing in thick layer . 11
5.7.1 Equipment . 11
5.7.2 Test specimen . 11
5.7.3 Procedure . 11
5.7.4 Result . 12
5.8 Effect of varnish on enamelled winding wires . 12
5.9 pH of water or emulsion based varnish (Type W or Type E) . 13
5.9.1 Equipment . 13
5.9.2 Procedure . 13
5.9.3 Result . 13
6 Methods of test for dried and/or cured varnishes . 13
6.1 Test specimen . 13
6.1.1 Steel panel . 13
6.1.2 Textile glass fabric . 14
6.1.3 Preparation of test specimens . 14
6.1.4 Thickness of the coating . 15
6.2 Mechanical properties . 15
6.2.1 Bend test (cylindrical mandrel). 15
6.2.2 Cupping test . 15
6.2.3 Bond strength at ambient temperature . 15
6.3 Thermal properties . 15
6.3.1 Bond strength at elevated temperature . 15
6.3.2 Temperature index. 15
6.4 Chemical properties . 16
6.4.1 Tackiness . 16
6.4.2 Resistance to liquids inclusive of water . 17

+AMD1:2006 CSV  IEC 2014
6.4.3 Resistance to vapour of solvents . 17
6.4.4 Resistance to mould growth . 18
6.5 Electrical properties . 18
6.5.1 Effect of water immersion on volume resistivity . 18
6.5.2 Dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ) and relative permittivity (ε ) . 19
r
6.5.3 Breakdown voltage and electric strength . 20
6.6 Flash rusting of steel by water or emulsion based varnish
(Type W or Type E) . 20
6.7 Volatile organic compound content of water or emulsion based varnish (Type
W or Type E) . 20
6.8 Water content of water or emulsion based varnish (Type W or Type E) . 21

Figure 1 – Test set-up for volume resistivity . 21
Figure 2 – Example of electrode arrangement . 22

Table 1 – Condition of the top side . 12
Table 2 – Condition of the bottom side . 12
Table 3 – Condition of the interior . 12

– 4 – IEC 60464-2:2001
+AMD1:2006 CSV  IEC 2014
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
___________
VARNISHES USED FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION –
Part 2: Methods of test
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and its amendment has been prepared
for user convenience.
IEC 60464-2 edition 2.1 contains the second edition (2001-07) [documents 15C/1224/FDIS and
15C/1253/RVD] and its amendment 1 (2006-01) [documents 15/253/FDIS and 15/280/RVD].
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content is
modified by amendment 1. Additions and deletions are displayed in red, with deletions being
struck through. A separate Final version with all changes accepted is available in this
publication.
+AMD1:2006 CSV  IEC 2014
International Standard IEC 60464-2 has been prepared by subcommittee 15C: Specifications,
of IEC technical committee 15: Insulating materials.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendment will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer.

– 6 – IEC 60464-2:2001
+AMD1:2006 CSV  IEC 2014
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 60464 is one of a series which deals with varnishes used for electrical
insulation. The series consists of three parts:
Part 1: Definitions and general requirements (IEC 60464-1);
Part 2: Methods of test (IEC 60464-2);
Part 3: Specifications for individual materials (IEC 60464-3).

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VARNISHES USED FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION –

Part 2: Methods of test
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60464 specifies methods of test to be used for testing varnishes used for
electrical insulation. This includes methods of test to be applied before and others to be
applied after drying and/or curing of the varnish.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this part of IEC 60464. For dated references, subsequent amend-
ments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to
agreements based on this part of IEC 60464 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of
applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC
and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60050(212):1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 212: Insulating
solids, liquids and gases
IEC 60068-2-10:1988, Environmental testing – Part 2: Tests – Test J and guidance: Mould
growth
IEC 60093:1980, Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid
electrical insulating materials
IEC 60216 (all parts), Guide for the determination of thermal endurance properties of
electrical insulating materials
IEC 60243-1:1998, Electrical strength of insulating materials – Test methods – Part 1: Tests
at power frequencies
IEC 60250:1969, Recommended methods for the determination of the permittivity and
dielectric dissipation factor of electrical insulating materials at power, audio and radio
frequencies including metre wavelengths
IEC 60296:1982, Specification for unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and
switchgear
IEC 60464 (all parts), Varnishes used for electrical insulation
IEC 60641-3-1:1992, Specification for pressboard and presspaper for electrical purposes –
Part 3: Specifications for individual materials – Sheet 1: Requirements for pressboard, types
B.0.1, B.2.1, B.2.3, B.3.1, B.3.3, B.4.1, B.4.3, B.5,1, B.6.1 and B.7.1
IEC 60851-4:1996, Methods of test for winding wires – Part 4: Chemical properties
IEC 61033:1991, Test methods for the determination of bond strength of impregnating agents
to an enamelled wire substrate
IEC 61099:1992, Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for electrical purposes

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ISO 291:1997, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 558:1980, Conditioning and testing – Standard atmospheres – Definitions
ISO 760:1978, Determination of water – Karl Fischer Method (General method)
ISO 1144:1973, Textiles – Universal system for designating linear density (Tex System)
ISO 1513:1992, Paints and varnishes – Examination and preparation of samples for testing
ISO 1514:1993, Paints and varnishes – Standard panels for testing
ISO 1519:1973, Paints and varnishes – Bend test (cylindrical mandrel)
ISO 1520:1999, Paints and varnishes – Cupping test
ISO 1523:1983, Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related products – Determination of flash
point – Closed cup equilibrium method
ISO 2078:1993, Textile glass – Yarns – Designation
ISO 2113:1996, Reinforcement fibres – Woven fabrics – Basis for a specification
ISO 2431:1993, Paints and varnishes – Determination of flow time by use of flow cups
ISO 2555:1989, Plastics – Resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions –
Determination of apparent viscosity by the Brookfield Test method
ISO 2578:1993, Plastics – Determination of time-temperature limits after prolonged exposure
to heat
ISO 2592:2000, Determination of flash and fire points – Cleveland open cup method
ISO 2808:1997, Paints and varnishes – Determination of film thickness
ISO 2811 (all parts), Paints and varnishes – Determination of density
ISO 2812-1:1993, Paints and varnishes – Determination of resistance to liquids – Part 1:
General methods
ISO 3219:1993, Plastics – Polymers/resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions –
Determination of viscosity using a rotational viscometer with defined shear rate
ISO 3251:1993, Paints and varnishes – Determination of non-volatile matter of paints,
varnishes and binders for paints and varnishes
ISO 3679:1983, Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related products – Determination of
flashpoint – Rapid equilibrium method
ISO 11890-1:2000, Paints and varnishes – Determination of volatile organic component (VOC)
content – Part 1: Difference method
ISO 11890-2:2000, Paints and varnishes – Determination of volatile organic component (VOC)
content – Part 2: Gas chromatographic method

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ISO 15528:2000, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes – Sampling
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of IEC 60464, the following definitions as well as the definitions
of IEC 60050(212) and IEC 60464-1 apply.
3.1
volume resistance
that part of the insulation resistance which is due to conduction through the volume and
excludes surface current
3.2
volume resistivity
volume resistance reduced to a cubical unit volume
3.3
dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ)
numerical value of the ratio of the imaginary to the real part of the complex permittivity
3.4
relative permittivity (ε )
r
ratio of the absolute permittivity to the electric constant
NOTE In practical engineering, it is usual to employ the term "permittivity" when referring to relative permittivity.
4 General notes on methods of test
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specification standard, or in the method of test, all
tests shall be carried out at atmospheric conditions in a temperature of (25 ± 4) °C and a
relative humidity range between 45 % to 70 %. Before measurements are made, the sample
or test specimen shall be pre-conditioned under these atmospheric conditions for a time
sufficient to allow the sample or the test specimen to reach stability. For taking samples in
liquid or paste form, ISO 15528 shall be applied. For preparation of such samples for testing,
ISO 1513 shall be applied.
NOTE For definitions of terms for standard atmospheres, see ISO 558. The test atmosphere as specified above
does not comply with any of the two standard atmospheres as specified in ISO 291 but covers both ranges
inclusive of their tolerances.
Normally, all mandatory requirements for a method of test are given in the description, and
diagrams are intended only to illustrate one possible arrangement for conducting the test. In
case of inconsistencies between this standard and the specification sheets of IEC 60464-3,
the latter shall prevail.
When another standard is invoked for a test method, reference to that standard shall be
included in the report.
5 Methods of test for undried and/or uncured varnishes
The materials before drying and/or curing are varnishes in their original liquid state.

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5.1 Flashpoint
For flashpoint temperatures of 79 °C and above, the method given in ISO 2592 shall be used.
For flashpoint temperatures below 79 °C, the method given in ISO 1523 shall be used with
any of the closed-cup apparatus as described in annex A of that standard. ISO 1523 shall be
read in conjunction with ISO 3679.
Two measurements shall be made on two separate samples and the two results of flashpoint
shall be reported.
5.2 Density
The method given in ISO 2811 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made and the two
results of density shall be reported.
5.3 Viscosity
The viscosity shall be determined with a suitable device at (23 ± 0,5) °C. If a rotating type of
device is used, it shall be in accordance with ISO 2555 (Brookfield type) or with ISO 3219
(a type working at defined shear rate). If an efflux type of equipment is used, the method of
test and the flow cup shall be in accordance with ISO 2431.
Two measurements shall be made and the two results of viscosity shall be reported.
5.4 Content of non-volatile matter
The method given in ISO 3251 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made and the two
results of the content of non-volatile matter shall be reported.
5.5 Dilution ability
Dilution ability is expressed by the amount of solvent and/or diluent which can be added to the
varnish until cloudiness or separation is observed.
5.5.1 Procedure
A varnish sample of (50 ± 1) ml shall be poured into a glass cylinder of about 250 ml volume.
Solvent and/or diluent as agreed between supplier and purchaser shall be added in defined
portions of for instance (10 ± 0,2) ml until cloudiness or separation is observed. After each
addition, the content of the glass cylinder shall be properly stirred to obtain a homogeneous
mixture and shall be allowed to settle for at least 5 min and not more than 10 min.
5.5.2 Result
One measurement shall be made and the type of solvent and/or diluent and the percentage in
volume added without appearance of cloudiness or separation shall be reported.
5.6 Stability of varnish in an open vessel
Stability in an open vessel is expressed by the change in viscosity after storing the varnish at
(50 ± 2) °C for (96 ± 1) h (four days).
5.6.1 Equipment
If not otherwise specified, the following equipment shall be used:
– a glass cylinder of 7 cm to 8 cm in diameter and of 9 cm to 10 cm in height;
– an oven without forced air circulation and with a rate of ventilation of 6 to 10 air changes
per hour.
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5.6.2 Procedure
Viscosity of the varnish sample shall be determined in accordance with 5.3 at (23 ± 0,5) °C.
A varnish sample of (150 ± 1) g shall then be weighed into the glass cylinder and shall be
placed in the oven maintained at (50 ± 2) °C. Every 24 h an amount of solvent and/or diluent
as agreed between supplier and purchaser shall be added to compensate for that lost by
evaporation and shall be properly mixed with the varnish. When the same procedure is
completed after 96 h, the viscosity of the varnish shall be determined according to 5.3 at
(23 ± 0,5) °C.
5.6.3 Result
One measurement shall be made and the type of solvent and/or diluent as well as the
viscosity before and the viscosity after temperature exposure shall be reported.
5.7 Drying and/or curing in thick layer
Drying and/or curing in thick layer is expressed by the condition after curing of the top side,
bottom side and interior of the specimen.
5.7.1 Equipment
The following equipment shall be used:
– flat and smooth square pieces of aluminium foil, 0,1 mm to 0,15 mm in thickness, having a
side length of (95 ± 1) mm;
– a square form made of metal or any suitable solid material (25 ± 1) mm in thickness and
having a side length of (45 ± 1) mm;
– an oven with forced air circulation and with a minimum rate of eight fresh-air changes per
hour. The oven shall be of the type and design used for drying and/or curing specimens.
5.7.2 Test specimen
A piece of aluminium foil shall be cleaned by adequate means and shall be folded around the
form to produce a square mould of about 45 mm side length. A varnish sample with a mass of
m = 810 ρ/X
shall be weighed to 0,1 g into the mould,
where
m is the sample mass in grams (g);
ρ is the density in grams per cubic centimetre (g/cm );
X is the non-volatile matter in per cent (%).
After drying and/or curing at a temperature and for a time agreed between the supplier and
the purchaser, the aluminium foil shall be removed.
NOTE Using the coefficient 810 cm in the above equation ensures a resulting thickness of the specimen of about
4 mm after removing the aluminium foil.
5.7.3 Procedure
The specimen shall be assessed by description of the conditions of its top side, bottom side
and interior, expressed according to statements for visual appearance and for tackiness by
the symbols given in tables 1, 2 and 3.

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Table 1 – Condition of the top side
Condition Symbol
Smooth S 1
Wrinkled S 2
Table 2 – Condition of the bottom side
Condition Symbol
Non-tacky U 1
Tacky U 2
Tackiness shall be determined according to 6.4.1.
Table 3 – Condition of the interior
Condition Symbol X
Rigid I 1.X
Horny machinable I 2.X
Leather-like I 3.X
Rubber-like I 4.X
Gel-like I 5.X
Liquid I 6.X
The specimen contains
– no voids 1
– not more than five voids 2
– more than five voids 3
For the condition of the interior, a statement shall be added whether the interior is uniform or
not uniform.
NOTE It may be necessary to cut the specimen, to bend the specimen with the fingers or to use a knife for
describing the mechanical properties.
5.7.4 Result
Two specimens shall be tested and the two results of drying and/or curing in thick layer shall
be reported.
EXAMPLE For a specimen which has a smooth top side and a non-tacky bottom side, which
is leather-like and uniform and which contains three voids, the result is described as:
S 1 – U 1 – I 3.2 – uniform.
5.8 Effect of varnish on enamelled winding wires
The effect of varnish on enamelled wire is expressed by the pencil hardness of the wire
coating after varnish treatment of a straight piece of wire according to IEC 60851-4.
Three straight pieces of wire shall be tested and the three results of pencil hardness shall be
reported.
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5.9 pH of water or emulsion based varnish (Type W or Type E)
5.9.1 Equipment
The following equipment shall be used:
– laboratory pH meter and associated glassware;
– buffer solutions corresponding to the extremes of the specified pH range of the varnish
within ±0,5;
– thermometer;
– demineralized water.
5.9.2 Procedure
The pH meter shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. All
pH measurements shall be made with material maintained at 23 °C ± 2 K.
Calibrate the pH meter at the pH values of the buffer solutions. The electrodes and glassware
shall be washed in demineralized water between measurements. A repeated measurement on
each solution shall agree within 0,1.
Thoroughly wash the glass electrode and immerse to the depth specified by the manufacturer
in the varnish maintained at 23 °C ± 2 K to determine the pH. A repeated measurement shall
agree within 0,1.
5.9.3 Result
The result is the mean of the final pair of measurements.
6 Methods of test for dried and/or cured varnishes
The materials after drying and/or curing are varnish coatings on substrates.
6.1 Test specimen
The number of specimens and the type of substrate required are specified in the particular
method of test, in the relevant specification sheet of IEC 60464-3 or shall be agreed upon
between the supplier and the purchaser. The term "test specimen" refers to a substrate with
the dried and/or cured varnish coating or impregnation as required for the respective method
of test. In the following text "test specimen" is referred to as "specimen".
If steel panels and/or glass fabric are required as substrate, they shall be in accordance with
6.1.1 and 6.1.2, respectively.
6.1.1 Steel panel
Unless otherwise specified, a steel panel according to ISO 1514 but of a thickness of
(0,125 ± 0,010) mm, a length of (100 ± 5) mm and a width of at least 80 mm shall be used.
The preparation and cleaning of the panel shall be in accordance with the measures proposed
in ISO 1514. The steel panel shall be coated according to 6.1.3.
NOTE In ISO 1514, panels of, for instance, steel, tinplate, aluminium or glass are recommended as substrates for
paints and varnishes. In the past, the use of copper panels was proposed. However, steel panels generally have
been found suitable and convenient to handle and use. For the purpose of standardization, the type of panels used
for insulating varnishes and (solvent-free) impregnating resins should be identical. For unsaturated polyester-
based impregnating resins, copper may act as an inhibitor or accelerator and therefore copper panels should be
rejected.
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6.1.2 Textile glass fabric
Unless otherwise specified, textile glass fabric of a plain weave with (21 ± 3) yarns each for
2 2
warp and weft and with a mass of 40 g/m to 60 g/m in accordance with ISO 2113 shall be
used. The yarn employed for this glass fabric shall be identical for warp and weft and shall be
of the type EC5, EC6, or EC7 in accordance with ISO 2078.
EXAMPLE 1
Yarn of the type EC5 5,5 × 2 S 150 (the full designation is EC5 5,5 Z 40 × 2 S 150) is a folded
(plied) yarn having two identical components, which are twisted 150 times per metre and
which consist of single continuous-filament yarn according to ISO 2078 of the type
EC5 5,5 Z 40. This type is made of continuous filaments of 5 µm thickness, which are twisted
40 times per metre. The linear density of the single yarn is 5,5 tex. "E" stands for "good
electrical properties" and "C" stands for "continuous filament". The letters "S" and "Z" indicate
opposite directions of twist. "Tex" is a measure of linear density (mg/m) of the tex system
single continuous-filament yarn (see ISO 1144).
EXAMPLE 2
Yarn of the type EC5 11 is a single continuous-filament yarn according to ISO 2078. This type
is made of continuous filaments of 5 µm thickness. The linear density of the single yarn is
11 tex.
The glass fabric shall be de-sized by means of thermal treatment to less than 0,1 % of the
original size amount. The glass fabric shall be made of glass, which is practically free of
alkalis with an alkali content of less than 0,5 % (Na O + K O < 0,5 %). Pieces of about
2 2
180 mm × 280 mm shall be cut from the glass fabric.
For easy handling, strips of pressboard of, for instance, type B.2.1 according to IEC 60641-3-1
shall be stapled to the smaller edges of each piece of glass fabric. The dimensions of these
strips shall be of about 250 mm × 15 mm × 0,7 mm. The glass fabric shall be impregnated
and/or coated according to 6.1.3. After drying and/or curing, two specimens of the size of
(100 ± 1) mm × (100 ± 1) mm shall be cut from each piece.
6.1.3 Preparation of test specimens
The impregnation and/or coating of the substrates shall be in accordance with the particular
method of test, the relevant specification sheet of IEC 60464-3, or as agreed upon between
the supplier and the purchaser. This includes the impregnation and/or coating process with
respect to temperature and time, the draining period and the curing conditions with respect to
temperature and time or temperature-time programme, and annealing and cooling.
Unless otherwise specified, the substrate shall be immersed in the varnish in a vertical
position and at a speed sufficiently low to prevent voids of air adhering to the surface of the
substrate. The substrate shall be kept in the varnish for at least 5 min and shall then be
removed from the varnish at a uniform speed of not more than 2 mm/s.
The specimen shall then be drained for 10 min to 15 min and dried and/or cured in
accordance with the agreed schedule. It shall be drained and dried and/or cured in a vertical
position. For drying and/or curing, the oven applied shall be specially designed for drying
painted and varnished parts, which may have large surfaces and substantial amounts of
solvent evaporation. The coating or impregnating process shall be repeated by dipping,
draining and drying and/or curing the specimen in the reversed direction.
If the thickness of the coating is below the specified value, more dips are to be given with the
specimen in the reversed direction for each subsequent treatment. If the thickness of the
coating or of the specimen exceeds the specified value, the varnish shall be diluted in
accordance with the instructions given by the supplier.

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NOTE Increasing the speed by which the specimen is removed from the varnish increases the thickness of the
coating; reducing the speed reduces the thickness of the coating.
6.1.4 Thickness of the coating
The thickness of the coating after drying and/or curing the varnish shall be determined by one
of the procedures specified in ISO 2808. The coating on the steel panel shall be at least
0,050 mm and shall not exceed 0,080 mm on either side of the panel.
6.2 Mechanical properties
6.2.1 Bend test (cylindrical mandrel)
The method given in ISO 1519 with type 1 apparatus shall be used. Two coated steel panels
according to 6.1.1 shall be tested. After bending around a mandrel as specified in the relevant
specification sheet or as agreed between supplier and purchaser, the specimen shall be
examined by normal vision for cracks. The result of the test is the extent of cracking
observed. The thickness of the coating and the mandrel diameter used for bending shall be
reported together with the two results.
6.2.2 Cupping test
The method given in ISO 1520 shall be used. Two coated steel panels according to 6.1.1 shall
be tested. The result of the test is the extent of cracking and the depth of indentation. The
thickness of the coating and the two results shall be reported.
6.2.3 Bond strength at ambient temperature
The twisted coil test, method A, or the helical coil test, method B, given in IEC 61033, shall be
used. Five specimens shall be tested. The method, the type of enamelled winding wire used
as substrate and the five results shall be reported.
6.3 Thermal properties
6.3.1 Bond strength at elevated temperature
The twisted coil test, method A, or the helical coil test, method B, given in IEC 61033, shall
be used. The test temperature shall be in accordance with the relevant specification sheet
of IEC 60464-3, or shall be agreed upon between supplier and purchaser. Five specimens
shall be tested. The method, the type of enamelled winding wire used as substrate and the
five results shall be reported.
6.3.2 Temperature index
NOTE The temperature index as such is not a typical characteristic of an electrical insulating material but
depends on the choice of the test and end-point criterion. Therefore, for one and the same material, results for the
temperature index may vary by up to 80 K.
6.3.2.1 Test specimen
Where test criteria loss of mass and/or breakdown voltage are applied, test specimens
according to 6.1.2 shall be used.
6.3.2.2 Procedure
The method given in IEC 60216 shall be used. The test and end-point criteria shall be in
accordance with the relevant specification sheet of IEC 60464-3, or shall be agreed upon
between supplier and purchaser. Two test criteria shall be used. For each test criterion at
least three exposure temperatures shall be applied. The difference between two subsequent
exposure temperatures shall not exceed 20 K. If the correlation coefficient is less than 0,95,

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one more set of specimens shall be tested at an exposure temperature different from the
originally chosen temperatures.
NOTE 1 ISO 2578 is based on the principles laid down in IEC 60216. By deleting all information that is not
required for planning and running a temperature index experiment and for calculation of results, ISO 2578 has
become a practical short version, as required for use in a laboratory.
Where the test criterion loss of mass is applied, three specimens shall be tested at each
exposure temperature. Where the test criterion breakdown voltage is applied, one specimen
shall be tested after each heat exposure period.
NOTE 2 Such periods can be for instance 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 weeks, depending on the time to end-point of the
specimen at the chosen exposure temperature. It is, therefore, recommended to provide at least four specimens for
each exposure temperature.
Breakdown voltage shall be tested in accordance with 6.5.3, where for each specimen it is
allowed to take about five to eight measurements.
6.3.2.3 Result
For each test criterion, the kind of preparation and the type and dimensions of the specimens,
the number of specimens for each test, the exposure temperatures and the results shall be
reported along with reference to the standards applied. The results sh
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