IEC 61131-3:2003

Programmable controllers - Part 3: Programming languages

IEC 61131-3:2003 specifies syntax and semantics of programming languages for programmable controllers as defined in part 1 of IEC 61131. This second edition of IEC 61131-3 cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1993, and constitutes a technical revision. This bilingual version (2015-06) corresponds to the English version, published in 2003-01.

Automates programmables - Partie 3: Langages de programmation

L'IEC 61131-3:2003 spécifie la syntaxe et la sémantique des langages de programmation utilisés pour les automates programmables tels que définis dans la Partie 1 de la CEI 61131. Cette seconde édition de la CEI 61131-3 annule et remplace la première édition publiée en 1993, dont elle constitue une révision technique. La présente version bilingue (2015-06) correspond à la version anglaise monolingue publiée en 2003-01.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 20-Jan-2003
• ICS: 25.040.40 - Industrial process measurement and control
• ICS: 35.240.50 - IT applications in industry
• Technical Committee: SC 65B - Measurement and control devices
• Drafting Committee: WG 7 - TC 65/SC 65B/WG 7
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Start Date: 20-Feb-2013
• Completion Date: 26-Oct-2025

Relations

• Revised: IEC 61131-3:2013 - Programmable controllers - Part 3: Programming languages
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 61131-3:1993 - Programmable controllers - Part 3: Programming languages
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Overview

IEC 61131-3:2003 - "Programmable controllers - Part 3: Programming languages" - is the international standard that specifies the syntax and semantics of programming languages for programmable controllers (PLCs) as defined in Part 1. This second edition (2003) replaces the 1993 edition and provides a vendor-neutral, structured model for PLC software: software, communication and programming models, data types, variables, program organization, and language semantics. (A bilingual 2015 version corresponds to the 2003 English edition.)

Key topics and technical requirements

• Programming languages: Formal definitions for the five standard PLC languages - Instruction List (IL), Structured Text (ST), Ladder Diagram (LD), Function Block Diagram (FBD), and Sequential Function Chart (SFC) - including syntax and semantics.
• Software and communication models: Standardized models for how controller software components interact and exchange data.
• Programming model and program organization units: Definitions and rules for functions, function blocks, programs, and how they are declared, initialized and executed.
• Data types and variables: Elementary, generic and derived data types, multi-element variables (arrays, structures), initialization, type assignment and conversion rules.
• Control and execution: Tasking, resource and configuration elements, evaluation order, and SFC evolution rules for sequential control.
• Standard functions and blocks: Core library behavior (timers, counters, edge detection, numerical and string functions) and rules for overloading and type conversion.
• Compliance requirements: Clauses for system compliance and program compliance to ensure consistent behavior across tools and devices.
• Formal language specification: Annexes provide textual syntax and semantic specification methods for tool implementers.

Applications and practical value

• Enables consistent, portable PLC programs across vendors and tools, reducing rework and vendor lock-in.
• Useful for designing, documenting and validating industrial control software in manufacturing, process industries, building automation and robotics.
• Provides a clear basis for tool vendors (IDE, compiler, simulator) to implement compliant editors, compilers and debuggers.
• Supports system integration, quality assurance, and maintenance by standardizing program structure, data typing and execution semantics.

Who should use this standard

• Automation engineers, PLC programmers, control system architects
• System integrators and OEMs developing controller-based equipment
• Software/tool vendors creating PLC development environments
• QA, validation and compliance teams in industrial automation

Related standards

• IEC 61131-1 (general definitions and architecture - referenced by Part 3)
• IEC 61131-2 (equipment requirements and tests)
• Other IEC automation and safety standards for complementary system-level requirements

Keywords: IEC 61131-3, IEC 61131-3:2003, PLC programming, programmable controllers, Structured Text, Ladder Diagram, Function Block Diagram, Instruction List, Sequential Function Chart, industrial automation.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 61131-3
Edition 2.0 2003-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Programmable controllers –
Part 3: Programming languages
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IEC 61131-3 ®
Edition 2.0 2003-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Programmable controllers –
Part 2: Equipment requirements and tests

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XH
CODE PRIX
ICS 25.040; 35.240.50 ISBN 2-8318-6653-7

– 2 – 61131-3  IEC:2003(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD .8
1  General.9
1.1 Scope.9
1.2 Normative references .9
1.3 Definitions.9
1.4 Overview and general requirements .14
1.4.1 Software model.14
1.4.2 Communication model.16
1.4.3 Programming model .18
1.5 Compliance.19
1.5.1 System compliance .20
1.5.2 Program compliance.22
2 Common elements .23
2.1 Use of printed characters .23
2.1.1 Character set .23
2.1.2 Identifiers .23
2.1.3 Keywords.24
2.1.4 Use of white space .24
2.1.5 Comments .24
2.1.6 Pragmas .25
2.2 External representation of data .25
2.2.1 Numeric literals.25
2.2.2 Character string literals .26
2.2.3 Time literals .28
2.2.3.1 Duration .28
2.2.3.2 Time of day and date.29
2.3 Data types .29
2.3.1 Elementary data types.30
2.3.2 Generic data types .31
2.3.3 Derived data types.32
2.3.3.1 Declaration .32
2.3.3.2 Initialization.33
2.3.3.3 Usage .35
2.4 Variables.36
2.4.1 Representation .36
2.4.1.1 Single-element variables .36
2.4.1.2 Multi-element variables .38
2.4.2 Initialization.38
2.4.3 Declaration .39
2.4.3.1 Type assignment .41
2.4.3.2 Initial value assignment.42
2.5 Program organization units .45
2.5.1 Functions .45
2.5.1.1 Representation .46
2.5.1.2 Execution control.49
2.5.1.3 Declaration .50
2.5.1.4 Typing, overloading, and type conversion.52
2.5.1.5 Standard functions.55
2.5.1.5.1 Type conversion functions.55
2.5.1.5.2 Numerical functions.56
2.5.1.5.3 Bit string functions .59
2.5.1.5.4 Selection and comparison functions.59
2.5.1.5.5 Character string functions .62
2.5.1.5.6 Functions of time data types .64
2.5.1.5.7 Functions of enumerated data types.66

61131-3  IEC:2003(E) – 3 –
2.5.2 Function blocks.66
2.5.2.1 Representation .67
2.5.2.1a) Use of EN and ENO in function blocks .68
2.5.2.2 Declaration .69
2.5.2.3 Standard function blocks.77
2.5.2.3.1 Bistable elements .77
2.5.2.3.2 Edge detection.78
2.5.2.3.3 Counters .78
2.5.2.3.4 Timers.81
2.5.2.3.5 Communication function blocks.83
2.5.3 Programs.83
2.6 Sequential Function Chart (SFC) elements.84
2.6.1 General.84
2.6.2 Steps.84
2.6.3 Transitions .86
2.6.4 Actions.89
2.6.4.1 Declaration .89
2.6.4.2 Association with steps .91
2.6.4.3 Action blocks .92
2.6.4.4 Action qualifiers .93
2.6.4.5 Action control.94
2.6.5 Rules of evolution.99
2.6.6 Compatibility of SFC elements.107
2.6.7 SFC Compliance requirements .108
2.7 Configuration elements.108
2.7.1 Configurations, resources, and access paths .110
2.7.2 Tasks .114
3 Textual languages .123
3.1 Common elements .123
3.2 Instruction list (IL) .123
3.2.1 Instructions .123
3.2.2 Operators, modifiers and operands.124
3.2.3 Functions and function blocks.126
3.3 Structured Text (ST).129
3.3.1 Expressions .129
3.3.2 Statements .131
3.3.2.1 Assignment statements .133
3.3.2.2 Function and function block control statements .133
3.3.2.3 Selection statements .133
3.3.2.4 Iteration statements.134
4 Graphic languages .135
4.1 Common elements .135
4.1.1 Representation of lines and blocks .135
4.1.2 Direction of flow in networks.135
4.1.3 Evaluation of networks .136
4.1.4 Execution control elements .138
4.2 Ladder diagram (LD) .139
4.2.1 Power rails.139
4.2.2 Link elements and states.139
4.2.3 Contacts .140
4.2.4 Coils.140
4.2.5 Functions and function blocks.140
4.2.6 Order of network evaluation .141
4.3 Function Block Diagram (FBD).143
4.3.1 General.143
4.3.2 Combination of elements.143
4.3.3 Order of network evaluation .143

– 4 – 61131-3  IEC:2003(E)
ANNEX A (normative) Specification method for textual languages .144
A.1 Syntax .144
A.1.1  Terminal symbols.144
A.1.2  Non-terminal symbols .144
A.1.3  Production rules .145
A.2 Semantics .145
ANNEX B (normative) Formal specifications of language elements.146
B.0 Programming model.146
B.1 Common elements.146
B.1.1 Letters, digits and identifiers .146
B.1.2 Constants .147
B.1.2.1  Numeric literals .147
B.1.2.2 Character strings.147
B.1.2.3 Time literals.148
B.1.2.3.1 Duration.148
B.1.2.3.2 Time of day and date .148
B.1.3  Data types .149
B.1.3.1 Elementary data types .149
B.1.3.2 Generic data types.149
B.1.3.3 Derived data types .149
B.1.4 Variables .151
B.1.4.1 Directly represented variables .151
B.1.4.2 Multi-element variables .151
B.1.4.3 Declaration and initialization .152
B.1.5 Program organization units .154
B.1.5.1 Functions.154
B.1.5.2 Function blocks .155
B.1.5.3 Programs.156
B.1.6 Sequential function chart elements.156
B.1.7 Configuration elements .157
B.2 Language IL (Instruction List) .159
B.2.1 Instructions and operands.159
B.2.2 Operators .159
B.3 Language ST (Structured Text) .160
B.3.1 Expressions.160
B.3.2 Statements .160
B.3.2.1 Assignment statements.161
B.3.2.2 Subprogram control statements.161
B.3.2.3 Selection statements.161
B.3.2.4 Iteration statements.161
ANNEX C (normative) Delimiters and keywords.162
ANNEX D (normative) Implementation-dependent parameters.165
ANNEX E (normative) Error conditions .167
ANNEX F (informative) Examples .169
F.1 Function WEIGH .169
F.2 Function block CMD_MONITOR.170
F.3 Function block FWD_REV_MON .173
F.4 Function block STACK_INT.178
F.5 Function block MIX_2_BRIX .183
F.6 Analog signal processing .186
F.6.1 Function block LAG1 .187
F.6.2 Function block DELAY .187

61131-3  IEC:2003(E) – 5 –
F.6.3 Function block AVERAGE.188
F.6.4 Function block INTEGRAL.188
F.6.5 Function block DERIVATIVE .189
F.6.6 Function block HYSTERESIS .189
F.6.7 Function block LIMITS_ALARM .190
F.6.8 Structure ANALOG_LIMITS.190
F.6.9 Function block ANALOG_MONITOR.191
F.6.10 Function block PID.192
F.6.11 Function block DIFFEQ .193
F.6.12 Function block RAMP .194
F.6.13 Function block TRANSFER.195
F.7 Program GRAVEL.195
F.8 Program AGV .203
F.9 Use of enumerated data types .206
F.10 Function block RTC (Real Time Clock).206
F.11 Function block ALRM_INT.206
ANNEX G (informative) Reference character set.208
Index .210
Table 1 - Character set features.23
Table 2 - Identifier features.24
Table 3 - Comment feature.25
Table 3a - Pragma feature.25
Table 4 - Numeric literals.26
Table 5 - Character string literal features.27
Table 6 - Two-character combinations in character strings .28
Table 7 - Duration literal features .29
Table 8 - Date and time of day literals.29
Table 9 - Examples of date and time of day literals .29
Table 10 - Elementary data types .30
Table 11 - Hierarchy of generic data types .32
Table 12 - Data type declaration features .33
Table 13 - Default initial values of elementary data types.34
Table 14 - Data type initial value declaration features .35
Table 15 - Location and size prefix features for directly represented variables.37
Table 16a - Variable declaration keywords .39
Table 16b - Usages of VAR_GLOBAL, VAR_EXTERNAL and CONSTANT declarations .41
Table 17 - Variable type assignment features.41
Table 18 - Variable initial value assignment features.43
Table 19 - Graphical negation of Boolean signals .47
Table 19a - Textual invocation of functions for formal and non-formal argument list .49
Table 20 - Use of EN input and ENO output .50
Table 20a - Function features.51
Table 21 - Typed and overloaded functions.53
Table 22 - Type conversion function features .55
Table 23 - Standard functions of one numeric variable.57
Table 24 - Standard arithmetic functions.58

– 6 – 61131-3  IEC:2003(E)
Table 25 - Standard bit shift functions.59
Table 26 - Standard bitwise Boolean functions.60
d
Table 27 - Standard selection functions .61
Table 28 - Standard comparison functions.62
Table 29 - Standard character string functions .63
Table 30 - Functions of time data types .64
Table 31 - Functions of enumerated data types.66
Table 32 - Examples of function block I/O variable usage .68
Table 33 - Function block declaration and usage features .71
a
Table 34 - Standard bistable function blocks .77
Table 35 - Standard edge detection function blocks.78
Table 36 - Standard counter function blocks.79
Table 37 - Standard timer function blocks.81
Table 38 - Standard timer function blocks - timing diagrams.82
Table 39 - Program declaration features.83
Table 40 - Step features.85
Table 41 - Transitions and transition conditions.87
a,b
Table 42 - Declaration of actions .90
Table 43 - Step/action association .92
Table 44 - Action block features.93
Table 45 - Action qualifiers.94
Table 45a - Action control features .98
Table 46 - Sequence evolution.101
Table 47 - Compatible SFC features.108
Table 48 - SFC minimal compliance requirements .108
Table 49 - Configuration and resource declaration features.112
Table 50 - Task features.116
Table 51a - Examples of instruction fields.124
Table 51b - Parenthesized expression features for IL language.125
Table 52 - Instruction List operators.125
Table 53 - Function Block invocation and Function invocation features for IL language.127
Table 54 - Standard Function Block input operators for IL language.129
Table 55 - Operators of the ST language.131
Table 56 - ST language statements .132
Table 57 - Representation of lines and blocks .136
Table 58 - Graphic execution control elements.138
Table 59 - Power rails.139
Table 60 - Link elements .140
a
Table 61 - Contacts .141
Table 62 - Coils .142
Table C.1 - Delimiters.162
Table C.2 - Keywords.163
Table D.1 - Implementation-dependent parameters .165
Table E.1 - Error conditions.167

61131-3  IEC:2003(E) – 7 –
Table G.1 - Character representations.208
Table G.2 - Character encodings .209
Figure 1 - Software model .15
Figure 2 a) - Data flow connection within a program.16
Figure 2 b) - Communication via GLOBAL variables.16
Figure 2 c) - Communication function blocks .17
Figure 2 d) - Communication via access paths .17
Figure 3 - Combination of programmable controller language elements .19
Figure 4 - Examples of function usage.45
Figure 5 - Use of formal argument names.48
Figure 6 - Examples of function declarations and usage .52
Figure 7 - Examples of explicit type conversion with overloaded functions .54
Figure 8 - Examples of explicit type conversion with typed functions .54
Figure 9 - Function block instantiation examples .67
Figure 10 - Examples of function block declarations.70
Figure 11 a) - Graphical use of a function block name as an input variable .73
Figure 11 b) - Graphical use of a function block name as an in-out variable.74
Figure 11 c) - Graphical use of a function block name as an external variable .75
Figure 12 - Declaration and usage of in-out variables in function blocks.76
Figure 14 - ACTION_CONTROL function block - External interface (Not visible to the user) .95
Figure 15 a) - ACTION_CONTROL function block body with “final scan” logic.96
Figure 15 b) - ACTION_CONTROL function block body without “final scan” logic.97
Figure 16 a) - Action control example - SFC representation.98
Figure 16 b) - Action control example - functional equivalent .99
Figure 17 - Examples of SFC evolution rules.105
Figure 18 a) - Examples of SFC errors: an “unsafe” SFC.106
Figure 18 b) - Examples of SFC errors: an “unreachable” SFC.107
Figure 19 a) - Graphical example of a configuration .109
Figure 19 b) - Skeleton function block and program declarations for configuration example .110
Figure 20 - Examples of CONFIGURATION and RESOURCE declaration features.113
Figure 21 a) - Synchronization of function blocks with explicit task associations .120
Figure 21 b) - Synchronization of function blocks with implicit task associations .121
Figure 21 c) - Explicit task associations equivalent to figure 21 b) .122
Figure 22 - EXIT statement example.134
Figure 23 - Feedback path example.137
Figure 24 - Boolean OR examples .143

– 8 – 61131-3  IEC:2003(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
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PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS –
Part 3: Programming languages
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International Standard IEC 61131-3 has been prepared by subcommittee 65B: Devices, of IEC
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IEC 61131-3 ®
Edition 2.0 2003-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Programmable controllers –
Part 3: Programming languages
Automates programmables –
Partie 3: Langages de programmation

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IEC 61131-3 ®
Edition 2.0 2003-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Programmable controllers –
Part 3: Programming languages
Automates programmables –
Partie 3: Langages de programmation

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 25.040; 35.240.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-2616-2

– 2 – IEC 61131-3:2003  IEC 2003
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 8
1  General . 9
1.1 Scope . 10
1.2 Normative references . 10
1.3 Definitions . 10
1.4 Overview and general requirements . 15
1.4.1 Software model . 15
1.4.2 Communication model . 17
1.4.3 Programming model . 19
1.5 Compliance . 20
1.5.1 System compliance . 21
1.5.2 Program compliance. 23
2 Common elements . 24
2.1 Use of printed characters . 24
2.1.1 Character set . 24
2.1.2 Identifiers . 24
2.1.3 Keywords . 25
2.1.4 Use of white space . 25
2.1.5 Comments . 25
2.1.6 Pragmas . 26
2.2 External representation of data . 26
2.2.1 Numeric literals . 26
2.2.2 Character string literals . 27
2.2.3 Time literals . 29
2.2.3.1 Duration . 29
2.2.3.2 Time of day and date . 30
2.3 Data types . 30
2.3.1 Elementary data types . 31
2.3.2 Generic data types . 32
2.3.3 Derived data types . 33
2.3.3.1 Declaration . 33
2.3.3.2 Initialization . 34
2.3.3.3 Usage . 36
2.4 Variables . 37
2.4.1 Representation . 37
2.4.1.1 Single-element variables . 37
2.4.1.2 Multi-element variables . 38
2.4.2 Initialization . 39
2.4.3 Declaration . 40
2.4.3.1 Type assignment . 42
2.4.3.2 Initial value assignment . 43
2.5 Program organization units . 46
2.5.1 Functions . 46
2.5.1.1 Representation . 47
2.5.1.2 Execution control . 50
2.5.1.3 Declaration . 51
2.5.1.4 Typing, overloading, and type conversion . 53
2.5.1.5 Standard functions. 56
2.5.1.5.1 Type conversion functions . 56
2.5.1.5.2 Numerical functions . 57
2.5.1.5.3 Bit string functions . 60
2.5.1.5.4 Selection and comparison functions . 60
2.5.1.5.5 Character string functions . 63
2.5.1.5.6 Functions of time data types . 65

2.5.1.5.7 Functions of enumerated data types . 67
2.5.2 Function blocks . 67
2.5.2.1 Representation . 68
2.5.2.1a) Use of EN and ENO in function blocks . 69
2.5.2.2 Declaration . 70
2.5.2.3 Standard function blocks . 78
2.5.2.3.1 Bistable elements . 78
2.5.2.3.2 Edge detection . 79
2.5.2.3.3 Counters . 79
2.5.2.3.4 Timers . 82
2.5.2.3.5 Communication function blocks . 83
2.5.3 Programs . 83
2.6 Sequential Function Chart (SFC) elements . 84
2.6.1 General . 84
2.6.2 Steps . 85
2.6.3 Transitions . 87
2.6.4 Actions . 90
2.6.4.1 Declaration . 90
2.6.4.2 Association with steps . 92
2.6.4.3 Action blocks . 93
2.6.4.4 Action qualifiers . 94
2.6.4.5 Action control . 95
2.6.5 Rules of evolution . 100
2.6.6 Compatibility of SFC elements . 108
2.6.7 SFC Compliance requirements . 109
2.7 Configuration elements. 109
2.7.1 Configurations, resources, and access paths . 111
2.7.2 Tasks . 115
3 Textual languages . 124
3.1 Common elements . 124
3.2 Instruction list (IL) . 124
3.2.1 Instructions . 124
3.2.2 Operators, modifiers and operands . 125
3.2.3 Functions and function blocks . 127
3.3 Structured Text (ST) . 130
3.3.1 Expressions . 130
3.3.2 Statements . 132
3.3.2.1 Assignment statements . 134
3.3.2.2 Function and function block control statements . 134
3.3.2.3 Selection statements . 134
3.3.2.4 Iteration statements . 135
4 Graphic languages . 136
4.1 Common elements . 136
4.1.1 Representation of lines and blocks . 136
4.1.2 Direction of flow in networks . 136
4.1.3 Evaluation of networks . 137
4.1.4 Execution control elements . 139
4.2 Ladder diagram (LD) . 140
4.2.1 Power rails . 140
4.2.2 Link elements and states . 140
4.2.3 Contacts . 141
4.2.4 Coils . 141
4.2.5 Functions and function blocks . 141
4.2.6 Order of network evaluation . 142
4.3 Function Block Diagram (FBD) . 144
4.3.1 General . 144
4.3.2 Combination of elements . 144

– 4 – IEC 61131-3:2003  IEC 2003
4.3.3 Order of network evaluation . 144
ANNEX A (normative) Specification method for textual languages . 145
A.1 Syntax . 145
A.1.1  Terminal symbols . 145
A.1.2  Non-terminal symbols . 145
A.1.3  Production rules . 146
A.2 Semantics . 146
ANNEX B (normative) Formal specifications of language elements . 147
B.0 Programming model . 147
B.1 Common elements . 147
B.1.1 Letters, digits and identifiers . 147
B.1.2 Constants . 148
B.1.2.1  Numeric literals . 148
B.1.2.2 Character strings . 148
B.1.2.3 Time literals . 149
B.1.2.3.1 Duration . 149
B.1.2.3.2 Time of day and date . 149
B.1.3  Data types . 150
B.1.3.1 Elementary data types . 150
B.1.3.2 Generic data types . 150
B.1.3.3 Derived data types . 150
B.1.4 Variables . 152
B.1.4.1 Directly represented variables . 152
B.1.4.2 Multi-element variables . 152
B.1.4.3 Declaration and initialization . 153
B.1.5 Program organization units . 155
B.1.5.1 Functions . 155
B.1.5.2 Function blocks . 156
B.1.5.3 Programs . 157
B.1.6 Sequential function chart elements . 157
B.1.7 Configuration elements . 158
B.2 Language IL (Instruction List) . 160
B.2.1 Instructions and operands . 160
B.2.2 Operators . 160
B.3 Language ST (Structured Text) . 161
B.3.1 Expressions . 161
B.3.2 Statements . 161
B.3.2.1 Assignment statements . 162
B.3.2.2 Subprogram control statements . 162
B.3.2.3 Selection statements . 162
B.3.2.4 Iteration statements . 162
ANNEX C (normative) Delimiters and keywords . 163
ANNEX D (normative) Implementation-dependent parameters . 166
ANNEX E (normative) Error conditions . 168
ANNEX F (informative) Examples . 170
F.1 Function WEIGH . 170
F.2 Function block CMD_MONITOR . 171
F.3 Function block FWD_REV_MON . 174
F.4 Function block STACK_INT . 179
F.5 Function block MIX_2_BRIX . 184
F.6 Analog signal processing . 187
F.6.1 Function block LAG1 . 188
F.6.2 Function block DELAY . 188

F.6.3 Function block AVERAGE . 189
F.6.4 Function block INTEGRAL . 189
F.6.5 Function block DERIVATIVE . 190
F.6.6 Function block HYSTERESIS . 190
F.6.7 Function block LIMITS_ALARM . 191
F.6.8 Structure ANALOG_LIMITS . 191
F.6.9 Function block ANALOG_MONITOR . 192
F.6.10 Function block PID . 193
F.6.11 Function block DIFFEQ . 194
F.6.12 Function block RAMP . 195
F.6.13 Function block TRANSFER . 196
F.7 Program GRAVEL . 196
F.8 Program AGV . 204
F.9 Use of enumerated data types . 207
F.10 Function block RTC (Real Time Clock) . 207
F.11 Function block ALRM_INT . 207
ANNEX G (informative) Reference character set . 209
Index . 211

Table 1 - Character set features . 24
Table 2 - Identifier features. 25
Table 3 - Comment feature. 26
Table 3a - Pragma feature . 26
Table 4 - Numeric literals . 27
Table 5 - Character string literal features . 28
Table 6 - Two-character combinations in character strings . 29
Table 7 - Duration literal features . 30
Table 8 - Date and time of day literals . 30
Table 9 - Examples of date and time of day literals . 30
Table 10 - Elementary data types . 31
Table 11 - Hierarchy of generic data types . 33
Table 12 - Data type declaration features . 34
Table 13 - Default initial values of elementary data types . 35
Table 14 - Data type initial value declaration features . 36
Table 15 - Location and size prefix features for directly represented variables . 38
Table 16a - Variable declaration keywords . 40
Table 16b - Usages of VAR_GLOBAL, VAR_EXTERNAL and CONSTANT declarations . 42
Table 17 - Variable type assignment features . 42
Table 18 - Variable initial value assignment features . 44
Table 19 - Graphical negation of Boolean signals . 48
Table 19a - Textual invocation of functions for formal and non-formal argument list . 50
Table 20 - Use of EN input and ENO output . 51
Table 20a - Function features . 52
Table 21 - Typed and overloaded functions . 54
Table 22 - Type conversion function features . 56
Table 23 - Standard functions of one numeric variable . 58
Table 24 - Standard arithmetic functions . 59

– 6 – IEC 61131-3:2003  IEC 2003
Table 25 - Standard bit shift functions . 60
Table 26 - Standard bitwise Boolean functions . 61
d
Table 27 - Standard selection functions . 62
Table 28 - Standard comparison functions . 63
Table 29 - Standard character string functions . 64
Table 30 - Functions of time data types . 65
Table 31 - Functions of enumerated data types . 67
Table 32 - Examples of function block I/O variable usage . 69
Table 33 - Function block declaration and usage features . 72
a
Table 34 - Standard bistable function blocks . 78
Table 35 - Standard edge detection function blocks . 79
Table 36 - Standard counter function blocks . 80
Table 37 - Standard timer function blocks . 82
Table 38 - Standard timer function blocks - timing diagrams . 82
Table 39 - Program declaration features . 84
Table 40 - Step features . 86
Table 41 - Transitions and transition conditions . 88
a,b
Table 42 - Declaration of actions . 91
Table 43 - Step/action association . 93
Table 44 - Action block features . 94
Table 45 - Action qualifiers . 95
Table 45a - Action control features . 99
Table 46 - Sequence evolution . 102
Table 47 - Compatible SFC features . 109
Table 48 - SFC minimal compliance requirements . 109
Table 49 - Configuration and resource declaration features . 113
Table 50 - Task features . 117
Table 51a - Examples of instruction fields . 125
Table 51b - Parenthesized expression features for IL language . 126
Table 52 - Instruction List operators . 126
Table 53 - Function Block invocation and Function invocation features for IL language . 128
Table 54 - Standard Function Block input operators for IL language . 130
Table 55 - Operators of the ST language . 132
Table 56 - ST language statements . 133
Table 57 - Representation of lines and blocks . 137
Table 58 - Graphic execution control elements . 139
Table 59 - Power rails . 140
Table 60 - Link elements . 141
a
Table 61 - Contacts . 142
Table 62 - Coils . 143
Table C.1 - Delimiters . 163
Table C.2 - Keywords . 164
Table D.1 - Implementation-dependent parameters . 166
Table E.1 - Error conditions . 168

Table G.1 - Character representations . 209
Table G.2 - Character encodings . 210

Figure 1 - Software model . 16
Figure 2 a) - Data flow connection within a program . 17
Figure 2 b) - Communication via GLOBAL variables . 17
Figure 2 c) - Communication function blocks . 18
Figure 2 d) - Communication via access paths . 18
Figure 3 - Combination of programmable controller language elements . 20
Figure 4 - Examples of function usage . 46
Figure 5 - Use of formal argument names . 49
Figure 6 - Examples of function declarations and usage . 53
Figure 7 - Examples of explicit type conversion with overloaded functions . 55
Figure 8 - Examples of explicit type conversion with typed functions . 55
Figure 9 - Function block instantiation examples . 68
Figure 10 - Examples of function block declarations . 71
Figure 11 a) - Graphical use of a function block name as an input variable . 74
Figure 11 b) - Graphical use of a function block name as an in-out variable . 75
Figure 11 c) - Graphical use of a function block name as an external variable . 76
Figure 12 - Declaration and usage of in-out variables in function blocks . 77
Figure 14 - ACTION_CONTROL function block - External interface (Not visible to the user) . 96
Figure 15 a) - ACTION_CONTROL function block body with “final scan” logic . 97
Figure 15 b) - ACTION_CONTROL function block body without “final scan” logic . 98
Figure 16 a) - Action control example - SFC representation . 99
Figure 16 b) - Action control example - functional equivalent . 100
Figure 17
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