IEC 60349-4:2012

Electric traction - Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles - Part 4: Permanent magnet synchronous electrical machines connected to an electronic converter

IEC 60349-4:2012 applies to converter-fed permanent magnet synchronous motors or generators (machines) forming part of the equipment of electrically propelled rail and road vehicles. The object of this part is to enable the performance of a machine to be confirmed by tests and to provide a basis for assessment of its suitability for a specified duty and for compa-rison with other machines. Particular attention is drawn to the need for collaboration between the designers of the machine and its associated converter as detailed in this standard.

Traction électrique - Machines électriques tournantes des véhicules ferroviaires et routiers - Partie 4: Machines électriques synchrones à aimants permanents connectées à un convertisseur électronique

La CEI 60349-4:2012 s'applique aux moteurs ou génératrices (machines) synchrones à aimants permanents alimentés par convertisseur, qui font partie intégrante de l'équipement des véhicules ferroviaires et routiers à propulsion électrique. L'objet de la présente partie est de permettre de confirmer, par des essais, les qualités de fonctionnement d'une machine et de procurer une base d'estimation de son aptitude à fournir un service spécifié et une base de comparaison avec d'autres machines. Une attention toute particulière est attirée sur la nécessité d'une collaboration entre les concepteurs de la machine et son convertisseur associé, tel que détaillé dans cette norme.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 10-Dec-2012
• ICS: 45.060.01 - Railway rolling stock in general
• Technical Committee: TC 9 - Electrical equipment and systems for railways
• Drafting Committee: MT 30 - TC 9/MT 30
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 11-Dec-2012
• Completion Date: 15-Jan-2013

Overview

IEC 60349-4:2012 is an international standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) specifically addressing electric traction applications. It focuses on rotating electrical machines used in rail and road vehicles, with Part 4 dedicated to permanent magnet synchronous electrical machines (PMSMs) connected to an electronic converter. This standard outlines the requirements to ensure machine performance verification through testing, enabling proper assessment for intended operational duties and facilitating reliable comparison across different machines. IEC 60349-4:2012 emphasizes the essential collaboration between machine and converter designers to optimize system compatibility and performance.

Key Topics

• Scope and Application: Applies exclusively to converter-fed permanent magnet synchronous motors or generators integrated within electrically propelled rail and road vehicles.

• Performance Testing and Verification: Defines comprehensive test categories including type tests, routine tests, investigation tests, and temperature-rise evaluations to confirm machine compliance with performance expectations.

• Characteristic Specifications: Establishes reference and declared machine characteristics such as efficiency, traction motor traits, and auxiliary machine performance under converter supply.

• Environmental and Operational Conditions: Addresses the environmental requirements and conditions under which machines must perform, including cooling, temperature measurement, vibration, noise, and overspeed tolerance.

• Marking and Identification: Specifies nameplate and terminal marking requirements to ensure clear identification and traceability.

• Collaboration Highlights: Stresses the necessity of close collaboration between machine manufacturers and electronic converter designers to achieve optimal performance and reliability.

Applications

IEC 60349-4:2012 is critically applicable in the design, manufacturing, testing, and deployment of permanent magnet synchronous machines used in traction systems. Key practical uses include:

• Electric Rail Vehicles: Ensuring permanent magnet synchronous motors and generators meet rigorous safety and performance criteria for trains and light rail systems.

• Battery-Electric and Hybrid Road Vehicles: Standardizing machine-converter integration for electric buses, trucks, and other road transport vehicles employing advanced traction technologies.

• Converter Integration: Guiding the seamless coupling of permanent magnet synchronous machines with power electronics converters to optimize efficiency and reliability under varied load and operational conditions.

• Performance Benchmarking: Providing manufacturers and operators with standardized test methods and characteristics enabling consistent performance comparison and validation.

• Quality Assurance and Certification: Supporting regulatory compliance and certification processes by defining routine and type test protocols to guarantee machine conformity.

Related Standards

Several related IEC standards complement IEC 60349-4:2012 by covering broader or adjacent aspects of electric traction and rotating electrical machines, including:

• IEC 60349-1: General requirements for rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles.

• IEC 60034 Series: International standards for rotating electrical machines covering fundamental requirements, testing procedures, and performance evaluation.

• IEC 61800 Series: Standards for adjustable speed electrical power drive systems and their components, including converters essential to PMSM operation.

• IEC 61373: Test methods for shock and vibration to which equipment on rail vehicles must be qualified.

• IEC 60068 Series: Environmental testing standards that apply to electrical machines exposed to diverse operating conditions.

By leveraging IEC 60349-4:2012 alongside these standards, industry stakeholders can ensure a holistic approach to safety, quality, and performance in electric traction systems employing permanent magnet synchronous electrical machines.

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Keywords: IEC 60349-4, electric traction, permanent magnet synchronous motors, PMSM, electronic converter, rail vehicles, road vehicles, rotating electrical machines, performance testing, traction motor standards, electric vehicle motor standards, converter-fed machines, machine testing, international electrotechnical standards, electric propulsion systems.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 60349-4 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Electric traction – Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles –
Part 4: Permanent magnet synchronous electrical machines connected to an
electronic converter
Traction électrique – Machines électriques tournantes des véhicules ferroviaires
et routiers –
Partie 4: Machines électriques synchrones à aimants permanents connectées à
un convertisseur électronique
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IEC 60349-4 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Electric traction – Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles –

Part 4: Permanent magnet synchronous electrical machines connected to an

electronic converter
Traction électrique – Machines électriques tournantes des véhicules ferroviaires

et routiers –
Partie 4: Machines électriques synchrones à aimants permanents connectées à

un convertisseur électronique
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX X
ICS 45.060 ISBN 978-2-83220-547-1

– 2 – 60349-4  IEC:2012
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope and object . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Environmental conditions . 10
5 Characteristics . 10
5.1 Exchange of information . 10
5.2 Special characteristic of a driven permanent magnet machine . 11
5.3 Reference temperature . 11
5.4 Specified characteristics . 11
5.5 Declared characteristics . 11
5.6 Efficiency characteristics . 11
5.7 Traction motor characteristics . 11
5.8 Main generator characteristics . 12
5.9 Auxiliary motor characteristics . 12
5.10 Auxiliary generator characteristics. 12
6 Marking . 13
6.1 Nameplate . 13
6.2 Terminal and lead marking . 13
7 Test categories . 13
7.1 General . 13
7.2 Type tests. 13
7.2.1 General . 13
7.2.2 Type tests on converter supply . 14
7.3 Reduced type test . 14
7.3.1 General . 14
7.3.2 Repeat the type test temperature rise test with converter . 14
7.3.3 Repeat a temperature rise test with converter with different load . 14
7.3.4 Repeat a temperature rise test with sinusoidal supply . 14
7.3.5 Repeat a temperature rise test in generating mode with a passive load. 15
7.4 Routine tests . 15
7.5 Investigation tests . 15
7.6 Summary of tests . 15
8 Type tests . 16
8.1 Temperature-rise tests . 16
8.1.1 General . 16
8.1.2 Cooling during rating tests . 16
8.1.3 Measurement of temperature . 16
8.1.4 Judgement of results. 16
8.1.5 Limits of temperature rise . 16
8.1.6 Short-time overload test . 17
8.2 Characteristic tests and tolerances . 17
8.2.1 General . 17
8.2.2 Tolerances . 18
8.3 Overspeed test . 19

60349-4  IEC:2012 – 3 –
8.4 Vibration tests . 19
8.5 Noise measurements (optional) . 19
9 Routine tests . 20
9.1 General . 20
9.2 Characteristic tests and tolerances . 20
9.2.1 General . 20
9.2.2 No-load tests . 20
9.2.3 Current-load tests . 21
9.3 Overspeed tests . 22
9.4 Dielectric tests . 23
9.5 Vibration tests (imbalance) . 24
10 Investigation tests . 24
10.1 Measurement of cogging torque . 24
10.2 Temperature rise test of the machine in high speed with open terminals . 24
10.3 Temperature coefficient measurement of the induced voltage . 24
Annex A (normative) Measurement of temperature . 25
Annex B (normative) Conventional values of traction motor transmission losses . 28
Annex C (informative) Noise measurement and limits . 29
Annex D (normative) Supply voltages of traction systems . 38
Annex E (normative) Agreement between user and manufacturer . 39
Bibliography . 40

Figure 1 – Inherent characteristic generator . 18
Figure 2 – Open terminal . 20
Figure 3 – Sinusoidal supply . 21
Figure 4 – Converter supply . 21
Figure 5 – Converter supply with cut off . 21
Figure 6 – Short-circuit . 22
Figure 7 – Sinusoidal supply . 22
Figure 8 – Converter supply . 22
Figure B.1 – Conventional values of traction motor transmission losses . 28
Figure C.1 – Limiting mean sound power level for airborne noise emitted by traction
machines . 35
Figure C.2 – Location of measuring points and prescribed paths for horizontal
machines . 36
Figure C.3 – Location of measuring points and prescribed paths for vertical machines . 37

Table 1 – Summary of tests . 15
Table 2 – Limits of temperature rise for continuous and other ratings . 17
Table 3 – Dielectric test voltages . 23
Table C.1 – Corrections . 31
Table C.2 – Corrections . 34
Table C.3 – Correction for pure tones . 35

– 4 – 60349-4  IEC:2012
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRIC TRACTION –
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES
FOR RAIL AND ROAD VEHICLES –
Part 4: Permanent magnet synchronous electrical
machines connected to an electronic converter

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This International Standard IEC 60349-4 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 9:
Electrical equipment and systems for railways.
This standard is derived from IEC 60349-2 changing the subject to permanent magnet
synchronous machines.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
9/1734/FDIS 9/1759/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.

60349-4  IEC:2012 – 5 –
A list of all parts of IEC 60349 series, under the general title Electric traction – Rotating
electrical machines for rail and road vehicles, can be found on the IEC website.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 6 – 60349-4  IEC:2012
ELECTRIC TRACTION –
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES
FOR RAIL AND ROAD VEHICLES –
Part 4: Permanent magnet synchronous electrical
machines connected to an electronic converter

1 Scope and object
This part of IEC 60349 applies to converter-fed permanent magnet synchronous motors or
generators (machines) forming part of the equipment of electrically propelled rail and road
vehicles.
This standard is derived from IEC 60349-2 changing the subject to permanent magnet
synchronous machines.
The object of this part is to enable the performance of a machine to be confirmed by tests and
to provide a basis for assessment of its suitability for a specified duty and for comparison with
other machines.
Where further testing is to be undertaken in accordance with a combined test, it may be prefer-
able, that some type and investigation tests be carried out on the combined test bed, to avoid
duplication.
Particular attention is drawn to the need for collaboration between the designers of the
machine and its associated converter as detailed in 5.1.
NOTE 1 This part also applies to machines installed on trailers hauled by powered vehicles.
NOTE 2 The basic requirements of this part may be applied to machines for special purpose vehicles such as
mine locomotives but this part does not cover flameproof or other special features that may be required.
NOTE 3 It is not intended that this part should apply to machines on small road vehicles, such as battery-fed
delivery vehicles, factory trucks, etc. This part also does not apply to minor machines such as windscreen wiper
motors, etc. that may be used on all types of vehicles.
NOTE 4 Industrial type machines complying with IEC 60034 may be suitable for some auxiliary drives, provided
that it is demonstrated that operation on a converter supply will meet the requirements of the particular application.
The electrical input to motors covered by this part is be from an electronic converter.
Generators may be connected to a rectifier or a converter.
The machines covered by this part are classified as follows:
a) Traction motors
Motors for propelling rail or road vehicles.
b) Main generators
Generators for supplying power to traction motors on the same vehicle or train.
c) Auxiliary motors not covered by IEC 60034
Motors for driving compressors, fans, auxiliary generators or other auxiliary machines.
d) Auxiliary generators not covered by IEC 60034
Generators for supplying power for auxiliary services such as air conditioning, heating,
lighting and battery charging, etc.

60349-4  IEC:2012 – 7 –
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
IEC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 1: Rating and performance
IEC 60034-8, Rotating electrical machines – Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of rotation
IEC 60034-9, Rotating electrical machines – Part 9: Noise limits
IEC 60034-14, Rotating electrical machines – Part 14: Mechanical vibration of certain machines
with shaft heights 56 mm and higher – Measurement, evaluation and limits of vibration severity
IEC 60050-131, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 131: Circuit theory
IEC 60050-151, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 151: Electrical and
magnetic devices
IEC 60050-221, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 221: Magnetic
materials and components
IEC 60050-411, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 411: Rotating
machines
IEC 60050-811, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 811: Electric traction
IEC 60085, Thermal evaluation and classification of electrical insulation
IEC 60850, Railway applications – Supply voltages of traction systems
IEC 62498-1, Railway applications – Environmental conditions for equipment – Part 1:
Equipment on board rolling stock
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-131, IEC
60050-151, IEC 60050-221, IEC 60050-411, and IEC 60050-811 as well as the following, apply.
3.1
rating of a machine
combination of simultaneous values of electrical and mechanical quantities, with their duration
and sequence, assigned to the machine by the manufacturer
3.1.1
rated value
numerical value of any quantity included in a rating
3.1.2
continuous rating
mechanical output that the motor (or electrical output that the generator) can deliver on the test
bed for an unlimited time under the conditions specified in 8.1 without exceeding the limits of

– 8 – 60349-4  IEC:2012
temperature rise given in Table 2, all other appropriate requirements in this part also being
satisfied
Note 1 to entry: Several continuous ratings may be specified.
3.1.3
short-time rating
(for example, 1 h)
mechanical output that the motor (or electrical output that the generator) can deliver on the test
bed for the stated time without exceeding the limits of temperature rise given in Table 2. The
test being carried out as specified in 8.1 starting with the machine cold, all other appropriate
requirements in this part being also satisfied
3.1.4
short-time overload rating
mechanical output that the motor (or electrical output that the generator) can deliver on the
test bed for the stated time without exceeding the agreed limits of temperature
Note 1 to entry: Short-time overload ratings are of value in determining the suitability of machines for duties which
involve relatively long periods of operation below the continuous rating followed by a period above it. These are
most likely to occur in locomotive applications. They are not relevant to the repeated short load cycles of rapid
transit and similar duties, and should not be specified for such applications.
3.1.5
intermittent duty rating
duty cycle in which the machine may be operated without the temperature rises exceeding the
limits given in Table 2 at any point
3.1.6
equivalent rating
continuous rating with constant values of voltage, current and speed that, as far as
temperature rise is concerned, is equivalent to the intermittent duty cycle which the machine
has to withstand in service
Note 1 to entry: This rating should be agreed between user and manufacturer.
3.1.7
guaranteed rating
rating assigned by the manufacturer for test purposes
3.1.8
guaranteed rating of a machine
normally the continuous rating but in special cases the user and manufacturer may agree that it
be a short-time or intermittent rating
3.1.9
guaranteed rating of an auxiliary machine
continuous rating unless otherwise specified
3.1.10
rated voltage
root-mean-square value of the fundamental component of the line-to-line voltage of a machine
when it is operating at a guaranteed rating
3.1.11
rated speed
speed at a guaranteed rating
60349-4  IEC:2012 – 9 –
3.2
maximum service voltage
highest root-mean-square value of the fundamental component of the line-to-line voltage of the
machine in service
3.3
maximum voltage
highest root-mean-square value of the fundamental component of the line-to-line voltage of the
machine in any possible condition
Note 1 to entry: motor operated at high speed with open circuit may have a higher maximum voltage than the
maximum service voltage.
3.4
repetitive peak voltage
peak value of the waveform of the converter output voltage, any random transient peaks arising
from line voltage transients or other causes being disregarded
3.5
EMF
electromotive force in the machine winding caused by the flux of the permanent magnets
3.6
induced voltage
open circuit line-to-line root-mean-square value of the fundamental component of the EMF of
the machine at a defined speed and a defined magnet temperature
3.7
maximum current
maximum current shown on the specified characteristic as defined in 5.4
3.8
maximum working speed
3.8.1
maximum working speed of a traction motor
highest rotational speed assigned to the motor by the manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: When the characteristics of the vehicle for which a motor is intended are specified, this speed is
not less than that corresponding to the maximum service speed of the vehicle assuming fully worn metallic wheels
or the minimum rolling diameter of rubber tyres.
3.8.2
maximum working speed of generator or auxiliary generator
generator speed corresponding to the maximum governed speed of the engine for the
particular application
Note 1 to entry: This will normally be the maximum governed speed on “no–load”. Transient speed variations
during load changes should be disregarded.
3.8.3
maximum working speed of an auxiliary machine
highest rotational speed assigned to the machine by the manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: For specific applications, when assigning this speed, the most unfavourable conditions of voltage,
frequency, loading, etc., that can occur in service should be taken in account.

– 10 – 60349-4  IEC:2012
3.9
user
normally the end customer, but can be delegated to an other organization
3.10
manufacturer
producer of machines
3.11
system manufacturer
organization which has the technical responsibility for the supply of the combined system
Note 1 to entry: The system manufacturer as defined above may also be the manufacturer of the motor, of the
inverter, of the control, or of all of them, or of none of them.
3.12
cogging torque
torque at the disconnected motor, caused by variations of the reluctance in function of the rotor
angle
4 Environmental conditions
Unless otherwise specified by the user, the following environmental conditions are assumed:
a) Altitude
Height above sea level not exceeding Class A3 according IEC 62498-1.
b) Temperature
Air temperature in the shade Class T1 according IEC 62498-1.
Whenever machines are intended to operate where one or both of these limits will be
exceeded, special requirements may be agreed between user and manufacturer. For more
information refer to IEC 60034-1.
Furthermore, the user shall inform the manufacturer of any particularly severe environmental
condition such as dust, humidity, temperature, snow, dynamic effects, etc., to which the
machines will be subjected.
5 Characteristics
5.1 Exchange of information
The machine and converter designers shall collaborate to produce all the technical information
necessary to ensure that the combined unit will meet the requirements of this part of
IEC 60349.
To fulfill this requirement, the machine designer shall provide the converter designer with all
the information necessary to fully evaluate the interaction between the machine and the
converter.
The converter designer shall also provide the machine designer with the characteristics
showing, for example, the converter line-to-line output voltage (including the repetitive voltage
peaks), current, fundamental frequency, harmonics and power over the whole range of the
application, including operation at the maximum and minimum values of the contact-system
voltage.
The machine designer shall provide the converter designer with the characteristics showing
induced voltage due to the permanent magnets by 20 °C as a function of speed over the whole

60349-4  IEC:2012 – 11 –
range of application of the machine. To calculate the induced voltage for other temperatures
the machine designer shall also provide the temperature coefficient of the induced voltage.
The documents recording this exchange of information shall form an integral part of the
specification of the machine and of the converter.
NOTE 1 For more information refer to IEC 61287-1, 5.3.1.1, Interfaces between motor and convertor (inverter).
NOTE 2 The length of cable run between machine and converter and the effect on peak voltages seen at the
machine terminals should be considered. Responsible for this issue is the system manufacturer.
NOTE 3 For information about wave fronts and the impact to the machine see IEC 60034-17.
5.2 Special characteristic of a driven permanent magnet machine
The EMF of a driven permanent magnet synchronous machine cannot be switched off. This
effect shall be taken into account.
EXAMPLES (informative only):
– An internal winding short circuit induces a short circuit current as soon as the machine is
rotating.
– There is a voltage present on the open terminals as soon as the machine is rotating.
– A permanent magnet machine may show a cogging torque.
5.3 Reference temperature
All characteristics, irrespective of the thermal class of insulation system used on the machine
to which they apply, shall be drawn for a winding reference temperature of 150 °C and a
permanent magnets temperature of 100 °C which shall be stated in the characteristics.
5.4 Specified characteristics
Machine specifications shall, as a general rule, include characteristic curves in accordance with
the relevant clauses of this part. These curves, defined as the "specified characteristics", shall
be plotted to the designed operating limits of each variable. Unless otherwise agreed between
user and manufacturer, the characteristics shall show the performance at the nominal voltage
of the intermediate circuit, and shall be submitted to the user before the order for the machines
is placed.
5.5 Declared characteristics
Declared characteristics are derived from the results of type tests carried out in accordance
with 8.2.1 and shall meet the requirements of 8.2.2.
Unless previously agreed, the declared characteristics of machines electromagnetically
identical with any previously manufactured for the same user or application shall be those of
the existing machines. In which case, compliance with the characteristics shall be
demonstrated by reduced type tests.
5.6 Efficiency characteristics
Efficiency characteristics shall take into account losses arising from the harmonics in the
supply from the converter.
5.7 Traction motor characteristics
The specified and declared characteristics of a traction motor shall be the converter-fed
variable frequency characteristics, which shall show motor line-to-line voltage, current, induced
voltage, mean torque and efficiency as a function of speed over the whole range of application
of the motor. Voltage curves shall show the root-mean-square value of the fundamental

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component. Current curves shall show the root-mean-square value of the fundamental
component and the total root-mean-square value. For motor used in the braking mode, similar
characteristics shall be produced showing the torque input and the electrical output as a
function of motor speed.
NOTE Subclause 5.1 refers to the need for the exchange of information between the designers of the machine and
of the converter.
As an alternative to motor torque and speed, the characteristics may show tractive effort at the
rail and vehicle speed, in which case the gear ratio, wheel diameter and transmission losses
shall be stated. If conventional values are used for the latter, they shall be in accordance with
Figure B.1.
5.8 Main generator characteristics
The characteristic curves shall show voltage and efficiency as a function of load current at
defined speeds.
Characteristic curves shall be drawn corresponding to the generator input power available for
traction at (or between) maximum, average and minimum engine speeds, and if the engine has
a number of predetermined intermediate speed notches, additional curves shall be drawn for a
sufficient number of these speeds to adequately show the performance of the generator.
Alternatively, the characteristics may be plotted as a function of speed.
If the generator is used as starter for the main engine, use the same as in 5.7.
5.9 Auxiliary motor characteristics
The specified and declared characteristics of auxiliary motors shall be the converter-fed
characteristics, which shall show the motor line-to-line voltage, current, speed and mean
torque as a function of motor output for each operating frequency over the whole range of
application of the machine. The characteristics of motors which operate at continuously
variable frequency shall be plotted for the maximum and minimum frequencies only.
Voltage curves shall show the root-mean-square value of the fundamental component. Current
curves shall show the root-mean-square value of the fundamental component and the total
root-mean-square value. The characteristics shall take account of the additional losses arising
from the supply harmonics and the efficiency at the guaranteed rating shall be stated.
Alternatively, the characteristics may be plotted as a function of speed.
NOTE Subclause 5.1 refers to the need for the exchange of information between the designers of the machine and
of the converter.
5.10 Auxiliary generator characteristics
The characteristic curves of output voltage, power and efficiency shall be plotted as a function
of output current at the rated speed and, for variable speed machines, at the minimum and
maximum speeds for the application. The frequency of the a.c. outputs shall be stated.
If the generator is used as starter for an engine, use the same as in 5.9.

60349-4  IEC:2012 – 13 –
6 Marking
6.1 Nameplate
All machines covered by this part of IEC 60349 shall carry a nameplate including at least the
following information:
a) manufacturer's name;
b) machine type designation;
c) remark that indicates this is a permanent magnet machine;
d) machine serial number;
e) year of manufacture;
f) indication of final assembly location.
Furthermore, a serial number shall be punched on both the stator and rotor of every machine,
and machines designed for unidirectional rotation shall carry an arrow indicating the direction
of rotation.
NOTE 1 f) may be integrated in a), d) or e).
NOTE 2 The machine name plate and, if applicable, the rotation arrow should be easily readable when the
machine is installed in the vehicle.
6.2 Terminal and lead marking
Terminal and lead markings shall be in accordance with IEC 60034-8 unless otherwise agreed.
7 Test categories
7.1 General
There are four categories of tests:
– type tests;
– reduced type test;
– routine tests;
– investigation tests.
NOTE See Clause 1 on duplication of tests.
7.2 Type tests
7.2.1 General
Type tests are intended to prove the ratings, characteristics and performance of new types of
machines. They shall be carried out on one machine of every new design. Unless otherwise
agreed, the machine shall be one of the first ten manufactured. Where there is a change in
place and/or method of manufacture, refer to 7.3.
The type test motor shall also be routine tested (see Clause 9).
Before testing commences, the manufacturer shall provide the user with a test specification
outlining the tests to be undertaken to demonstrate compliance with this standard. Following
completion of the type tests, the manufacturer shall supply the user with a full test report.

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7.2.2 Type tests on converter supply
The type test shall be carried out using the converter and control to be applied in service, but,
as an alternative, a supply which closely resembles the supply from the vehicle converter in
control principle, waveform and harmonics may be employed.
NOTE
a) Many working points of a permanent magnet synchronous machine can be operated stable only with the
converter and its control.
b) In case of a permanent magnet generator with rectifier a similar diode bridge can be used instead of a
converter.
If agreed, the manufacturer shall demonstrate the similarity of the test and service supplies,
and shall state the likely effect on the performance of the machine of any difference between
them.
Unless otherwise agreed, the type test may be repeated if the electrical output characteristics
of the converter are changed.
7.3 Reduced type test
7.3.1 General
The reduced type test consists of the routine test and one temperature rise test out of 7.3.2 to
7.3.5. This reduced type test is applicable to demonstrate the similarity in repeat orders or
change of place and/or method of manufacture or for machines of the same electromagnetic
and cooling design at the same or higher rating. If a reduced type test is planned, this
additional temperature rise test shall be performed as part of the full type test.
The test parameters shall be maintained for any subsequent test on that design of machine.
The temperature rise measurements shall be carried out as detailed in 8.1.
If all of the following conditions are fulfilled, the full type test can be replaced by this reduced
type test.
a) The agreement between the user and the manufacturer is made.
b) The results of the reduced type test are within the tolerances established on the previous
machines.
c) The manufacturer provides a full type test report for a previous machine of the same
electromagnetic and cooling design at the same or higher rating.
NOTE This reduced type test was named “repeated type test” in IEC 60349-2.
7.3.2 Repeat the type test temperature rise test with converter
Use the same setup, voltage, frequency, torque, cooling and test duration of the type test
again.
7.3.3 Repeat a temperature rise test with converter with different load
The machine is fed by a converter and connected to a mechanical load. Voltage, frequency,
torque, cooling and test duration can be at the manufacturer’s discretion, but the duration of
the test shall be at least 1 h and at values that do not over-stress the machine.
7.3.4 Repeat a temperature rise test with sinusoidal supply
The machine is connected to a sinusoidal supply and connected to a mechanical load.

60349-4  IEC:2012 – 15 –
Voltage, frequency, torque, cooling and test duration can be at the manufacturer’s discretion,
but the duration of the test shall be at least 1 h and at values that do not over-stress the
machine.
7.3.5 Repeat a temperature rise test in generating mode with a passive load
The machine is driven by a motor and is in generating mode. The load can be resistive or RL
(resistance and inductance in series). The frequency, power, cooling and test duration can be
at the manufacturer’s discretion, but the duration of the test shall be at least 1 h and at values
that do not over-stress the machine.
7.4 Routine tests
Routine tests are intended to demonstrate that a machine has been assembled correctly, is
able to withstand the appropriate dielectric tests, and is in sound working order both
mechanically and electrically.
The routine tests specified in Clause 9 shall normally be carried out on all machines but, before
placing an order, the user and manufacturer may agree to adopt an alternative test procedure
(e.g. in the case of machines produced i
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