IEC 62047-19:2013

Semiconductor devices - Micro-electromechanical devices - Part 19: Electronic compasses

IEC 62047-19:2013 defines terms, definitions, essential ratings and characteristics, and measuring methods of electronic compasses. This standard applies to electronic compasses composed of magnetic sensors and acceleration sensors, or magnetic sensors alone. This standard applies to electronic compasses for mobile electronic equipment.

Dispositifs à semiconducteurs - Dispositifs microélectromécaniques - Partie 19: Compas électroniques

La CEI 62047-19:2013 spécifie des termes, des définitions, des valeurs assignées et caractéristiques essentielles et des méthodes de mesure concernant les compas électroniques. La présente norme s'applique aux compas électroniques composés de capteurs magnétiques et de capteurs d'accélération ou de capteurs magnétiques seuls. La présente norme s'applique aux compas électroniques pour les équipements électroniques mobiles.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 16-Jul-2013
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 31.080.99 - Other semiconductor devices
• ICS: 31.220.10 - Plug-and-socket devices. Connectors
• Technical Committee: SC 47F - Micro-electromechanical systems
• Drafting Committee: WG 1 - TC 47/SC 47F/WG 1
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 15-Aug-2013
• Completion Date: 17-Jul-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 62047-19
®

Edition 1.0 2013-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside


Semiconductor devices – Micro-electromechanical devices –
Part 19: Electronic compasses

Dispositifs à semiconducteurs – Dispositifs microélectromécaniques –
Partie 19: Compas électroniques

IEC 62047-19:2013

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IEC 62047-19

®


Edition 1.0 2013-07




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME



INTERNATIONALE
colour

inside










Semiconductor devices – Micro-electromechanical devices –

Part 19: Electronic compasses




Dispositifs à semiconducteurs – Dispositifs microélectromécaniques –

Partie 19: Compas électroniques
















INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE

PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE

CODE PRIX U


ICS 31.080.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-0961-5



Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Essential ratings and characteristics . 7
4.1 Composition of e-compasses . 7
4.1.1 General . 7
4.1.2 Magnetic sensor section . 8
4.1.3 Acceleration sensor section . 8
4.1.4 Signal processing section . 8
4.1.5 Peripheral hardware section . 8
4.1.6 Peripheral software section . 8
4.1.7 DUT . 9
4.2 Ratings (Limiting values) . 9
4.3 Recommended operating conditions . 9
4.4 Electric characteristics . 9
4.4.1 General . 9
4.4.2 Characteristics of sensor sections . 9
4.4.3 DC characteristics . 10
5 Measuring methods . 11
5.1 Sensitivity of the magnetic sensor section . 11
5.1.1 Purpose . 11
5.1.2 Circuit diagram . 11
5.1.3 Principle of measurement . 11
5.1.4 Precaution to be observed . 12
5.1.5 Measurement procedure . 12
5.1.6 Specified conditions . 12
5.2 Linearity of the magnetic sensor section . 13
5.2.1 Purpose . 13
5.2.2 Measuring circuit . 13
5.2.3 Principle of measurement . 13
5.2.4 Precaution to be observed . 13
5.2.5 Measurement procedure . 14
5.2.6 Specified conditions . 14
5.3 Output of the magnetic sensor section in a zero magnetic field environment. 14
5.3.1 Purpose . 14
5.3.2 Measuring circuit . 14
5.3.3 Principle of measurement . 16
5.3.4 Precaution to be observed . 16
5.3.5 Measurement procedure . 16
5.3.6 Specified conditions . 16
5.4 Cross axis sensitivity of the magnetic sensor section . 16
5.4.1 Purpose . 16
5.4.2 Measuring circuit . 16
5.4.3 Measuring method 1 . 17
5.4.4 Measuring method 2 . 18
5.4.5 Specified conditions . 19

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62047-19 © IEC:2013 – 3 –
5.5 Sensitivity and offset of the acceleration sensor section . 19
5.5.1 Purpose . 19
5.5.2 Measuring circuit . 20
5.5.3 Principle of measurement . 20
5.5.4 Precaution of measurement . 21
5.5.5 Measurement procedure . 21
5.5.6 Specified conditions . 21
5.6 Frequency bandwidth of the magnetic sensor section (analogue output) . 21
5.6.1 Purpose . 21
5.6.2 Measuring circuit . 21
5.6.3 Principle of measurement . 22
5.6.4 Measurement procedure . 23
5.6.5 Specified conditions . 23
5.7 Current consumption . 23
5.7.1 Purpose . 23
5.7.2 Measuring circuit . 23
5.7.3 Principle of measurement . 24
5.7.4 Precaution for measurement . 24
5.7.5 Measurement procedure . 24
5.7.6 Specified conditions . 24
Annex A (informative) Considerations on essential ratings and characteristics . 25
Annex B (informative) Terminal coordinate system of e-compasses . 26
Annex C (informative) Descriptions of the pitch angle, roll angle, and yaw angle with
drawings . 28
Bibliography . 30

Figure 1 – Composition of e-compasses . 8
Figure 2 – Circuit to measure sensitivity . 11
Figure 3 – Measuring method of linearity . 13
Figure 5 – Measuring circuit using a magnetic shield room or a magnetic shield box. 15
Figure 6 – Direction of DUT . 20
Figure 7 – Block diagram of frequency measurement . 22
Figure 8 – Current consumption measuring circuit . 24
Figure B.1 – Mobile terminal coordinate system of magnetic sensors . 26
Figure B.2 – Terminal coordinate system of acceleration sensors . 27
Figure C.1 – Descriptions of the pitch angle, roll angle, and yaw angle with drawings . 29

Table 1 – Characteristics of sensor sections . 10
Table 2 – DC characteristics of e-compasses. 10

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES –
MICRO-ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES –

Part 19: Electronic compasses

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62047-19 has been prepared by subcommittee 47F: Micro-
electromechanical systems, of IEC technical committee 47: Semiconductor devices.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
47F/156/FDIS 47F/163/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

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62047-19 © IEC:2013 – 5 –
A list of all parts in the IEC 62047 series, published under the general title Semiconductor
devices – Micro-electromechanical devices, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
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related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
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SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES –
MICRO-ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES –

Part 19: Electronic compasses



1 Scope
This part of IEC 62047 defines terms, definitions, essential ratings and characteristics, and
measuring methods of electronic compasses. This standard applies to electronic compasses
composed of magnetic sensors and acceleration sensors, or magnetic sensors alone. This
standard applies to electronic compasses for mobile electronic equipment.
For marine electronic compasses, see ISO 11606.
Electronic compasses are called “e-compasses” for short. Types of e-compasses are: 2-axis
e-compasses, 3-axis e-compasses, 6-axis e-compasses, etc., all of which are covered by this
standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
None
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
3-axis Helmholtz coil
three Helmholtz coils that generate magnetic fields at right angles to each other
3.2
zero magnetic field environment
magnetic field environments where magnetic field strength in a space including a device
under test is lower than the strength specified
Note 1 to entry: The device under test (DUT) is defined in 4.1.7.
3.3
e-compass
electronic compass
compass that calculates and outputs an azimuth using the electrical output of sensors
Note 1 to entry: The term “e-compass” is used as an abbreviated term of electronic compass. (See the above
Scope.)
3.4
2-axis e-compass
e-compass that uses a 2-axis magnetic sensor as a geomagnetism detection element

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62047-19 © IEC:2013 – 7 –
3.5
3-axis e-compass
e-compass that uses a 3-axis magnetic sensor as a geomagnetism detection element
3.6
6-axis e-compass
e-compass that uses a 3-axis magnetic sensor as a geomagnetism detection element, and a
3-axis acceleration sensor as an gravity detection element
3.7
magnetic north
direction of the horizontal component of an environment magnetic vector at a location, which
is the same direction a compass points to
Note 1 to entry: Geomagnetism is sometimes warped by artificial structures (buildings, vehicles, etc.), or is
sometimes affected by their magnetization especially in urban areas. Strictly, therefore, the geomagnetic vector
should be called a kind of environmental magnetic vector. Although the environmental magnetic vector does not
point to the magnetic north pole exactly, here “magnetic north” is defined as the horizontal component of an
environmental magnetic vector.
3.8
true north
direction of the horizontal component of a vector pointing to the North Pole of the Earth (north
end of rotational axis) at a location, which is the same as the north to which longitude lines or
a meridian point
3.9
azimuth angle
rotational angle around z-axis of a terminal coordinate system, which is defined as zero
degree when the xy-plane of a terminal coordinate system is horizontal and the yz-plane
includes the North Pole, where a clockwise turn is defined as positive when the z-axis is
viewed from the positive direction to the negative direction
Note 1 to entry: Azimuth angle is the same as the yaw angle, see Annex C.
Note 2 to entry: For coordinate systems of e-compasses, see Annex B.
Note 3 to entry: For an explanation with diagrams, see Annex C.
Note 4 to entry: Definitions for cases in which the xy-plane of a terminal coordinate system are not horizontal are
under consideration.
4 Essential ratings and characteristics
4.1 Composition of e-compasses
4.1.1 General
As shown in Figure 1, an e-compass is composed of the following sections:
– Magnetic sensor section;
– Acceleration sensor section;
– Signal processing section;
– Peripheral hardware sections;
– Peripheral software sections.
In some cases, an e-compass does not contain the acceleration sensor section and/or the
peripheral hardware section.

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                    6
1 2
3 4
5

IEC  1720/13

Key
1 Magnetic sensor section 4 Peripheral hardware section
2 Acceleration sensor section 5 Peripheral software section
3 Signal processing section 6 DUT
Figure 1 – Composition of e-compasses
4.1.2 Magnetic sensor section
A magnetic sensor section is a magnetic sensor to measure magnetic fields of an Earth's
magnetism level, which measures two or more axes of magnetic fields that are at right angles
to each other for calculating azimuth angles using its output.
In the case of a 3-axis magnetic sensor, for example, the sensor section is composed of an x-
axis sensor, a y-axis sensor, and a z-axis sensor, and the sensitivity axis of the x-axis sensor
is set to the x-axis.
4.1.3 Acceleration sensor section
An acceleration sensor section is an acceleration sensor to measure gravity. Vertical direction
(horizontal plane) is known from its output, and then an azimuth angle is calculated based on
the information with correction considering the attitude of the magnetic sensor section (tilt
angle).
In the case of a 3-axis acceleration sensor, for example, the sensor section is composed of an
x-axis sensor, a y-axis sensor, and a z-axis sensor, and the sensitivity axis of the x-axis
sensor is set to the x-axis.
4.1.4 Signal processing section
A signal processing section is a circuit section to drive the sensor section and to amplify its
signal. In some cases, this section includes an analog-digital converter.
4.1.5 Peripheral hardware section
A peripheral hardware section includes sections of a digital interface, data storage for
information to control registers and devices, and an information processing.
4.1.6 Peripheral software section
A peripheral software section includes not only a device driver section to acquire data but
also software to convert the coordinate data from magnetic sensors and acceleration sensors
and to calculate azimuth angles based on the results.

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4.1.7 DUT
The DUT is a functional composition composed of the magnetic sensor section, the
acceleration sensor section, the signal processing section, and the peripheral hardware
section. For e-compasses not having the acceleration sensor section and/or the peripheral
hardware section, the DUT is a functional composition composed of the magnetic sensor
section and the signal processing section. Measurements of ratings and characteristics are
made using the DUT.
4.2 Ratings (Limiting values)
The following items should be described in the specification, unless otherwise stated in the
relevant procurement specifications. Stresses over these limits can be one of the causes of
permanent damage to the devices:
– Power supply voltage;
– Input voltage;
– Input current;
– Storage temperature;
– Mechanical shock (requisite for 6-axis e-compasses);
– Maximum magnetic field (can be omitted).
4.3 Recommended operating conditions
The following items should be described in the specification, unless otherwise stated in the
relevant procurement specifications. These conditions are recommended in order to keep the
characteristics of the DUT (the devices) stable state during operation:
– Power supply voltage;
– Input voltage;
– Operating temperature.
4.4 Electric characteristics
4.4.1 General
Electric characteristics specified in this standard are those of sensor sections and DC
characteristics. For the selection of essential ratings and characteristics, see Annex A.
4.4.2 Characteristics of sensor sections
Characteristics of sensor sections are listed as shown in Table 1.

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Table 1 – Characteristics of sensor sections
Value
Measuring
Parameter Mandatory optional Remarks
method
Min Typ Max
Measuring time of magnetic x  x See 5.1 NOTE 1
sensor (at one time)
Sensitivity of magnetic sensor x  x See 5.1 NOTE 1
Measuring range of magnetic x x x See 5.1 NOTE 1
sensor NOTE 4
Linearity of magnetic sensor x  x See 5.2 NOTE 1
Zero magnetic field output of x  x See 5.3 NOTE 1
magnetic sensor
Cross axis sensitivity of x  x See 5.4 NOTE 1
magnetic sensor NOTE 2
Frequency range of magnetic x x x See 5.6 NOTE 1
sensor (analog output)
Measuring time of acceleration x  x See 5.5 NOTE 3
sensor (at one time) (only 6-axis)
Sensitivity of acceleration x x x x See 5.5 NOTE 3
sensor (only 6-axis)
Measuring range of x x x See 5.5 NOTE 3
acceleration sensor (only 6-axis) NOTE 4
NOTE 1 Measurement at the magnetic sensor section is made using 1 Magnetic sensor section, 3 Signal
processing section, 4 Peripheral hardware section and 5 Peripheral software section of Figure 1.
NOTE 2 As there are two types of definitions, describe which one is followed. See 5.4.3.1 and 5.4.4.1 for these
two definitions.
NOTE 3 Measurement at acceleration sensor section is performed using 2 Acceleration sensor section, 3 Signal
processing section, 4 Peripheral hardware section and 5 Peripheral software section of Figure 1.
NOTE 4 It is specified as the minimum value of the positive direction and the negative direction.

4.4.3 DC characteristics
DC character
...