IEC 62040-3:2021
(Main)Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) - Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements
Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) - Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements
IEC 62040-3:2021 establishes the performance and test requirements applied to movable, stationary and fixed electronic uninterruptible power systems (UPS) that
- are supplied from AC voltage not exceeding 1 000 V,
- deliver AC output voltage not exceeding 1 000 V,
- incorporate an energy storage device not exceeding 1 500 V DC, and
- have a primary function to ensure continuity of load power.
This document specifies performance and test requirements of a complete UPS and, where applicable, of individual UPS functional units. This document also includes UPS performance and test requirements related to UPS switches that interact with UPS functional units to maintain continuity of load power.
This document does not cover
- conventional AC and DC distribution boards and their associated switches,
- stand-alone static transfer systems covered by IEC 62310-3,
- rotary UPS covered by IEC 88528-11, and
- DC UPS covered by IEC 62040-5-3.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
1) environmental conditions aligned with IEC 62040-1:2017 (UPS safety requirements);
2) compliance requirements included in all sub-clauses referenced in Table 5 UPS test schedule;
3) non-linear step load is no longer a type test and was removed from 6.4 in consistency with requirements for switch mode power supplies incorporating inrush current controls; this resulted in the performance classification coding being shortened from 8 to 7 characters (see 5.3.4);
4) free-fall test aligned with ISO 4180 (see 6.5.1.3);
5) multiple normal mode UPS test requirements introduced;
6) non-linear load requirements relaxed in Annex E in consistency with requirements for switch mode power supplies complying with the applicable limits for harmonic current in IEC 61000-3-2 and IEC 61000-3-12;
7) minimum UPS efficiency values referenced in Annex I became normative and are based on active output power rating and utilisation of weighting factors rather than on allowances related to isolation transformers, input harmonic current filters and input voltages.
Alimentations sans interruption (ASI) - Partie 3: Méthode de spécification des performances et exigences d'essai
L'IEC 62040-3:2021 établit les exigences de performance et d'essai appliquées aux alimentations sans interruption (ASI) électroniques mobiles, stationnaires et fixes qui:
- sont alimentées par une source de tension alternative qui n'excède pas 1 000 V;
- délivrent une tension de sortie alternative qui n'excède pas 1 000 V;
- incorporent un dispositif de stockage d'énergie qui n'excède pas 1 500 V en tension continue; et
- possèdent une fonction primaire qui vise à maintenir la continuité de l'alimentation de la charge.
Le présent document spécifie les exigences de performance et d'essai relatives à une ASI complète et, le cas échéant, aux unités fonctionnelles d'ASI individuelles. Le présent document comprend également les exigences de performance et d'essai d'ASI relatives aux interrupteurs d'ASI qui interagissent avec les unités fonctionnelles d'ASI dans le but de maintenir la continuité de l'alimentation de la charge.
Le présent document ne couvre pas:
- les tableaux de répartition conventionnels à courant alternatif et à courant continu, ainsi que leurs interrupteurs associés;
- les systèmes de transfert statique autonomes qui sont couverts par l'IEC 62310-3;
- les ASI rotatives qui sont couvertes par l'IEC 88528-11; et
- les ASI à tension continue qui sont couvertes par l'IEC 62040-5-3.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
1) les conditions d'environnement ont été alignées sur l'IEC 62040-1:2017 (exigences de sécurité d'ASI);
2) des exigences de conformité ont été ajoutées à l'ensemble des paragraphes indiqués dans le Tableau 5, programme d'essais de l'ASI;
3) le transitoire de charge non linéaire n'est plus un essai de type et a été supprimé du 6.4, à des fins de cohérence avec les exigences relatives aux alimentations à découpage qui incorporent des contrôles de courant d'appel; par voie de conséquence, le codage de la classification des performances a été réduit de 8 à 7 caractères (voir 5.3.4);
4) l'essai de chute libre a été aligné sur l'ISO 4180 (voir 6.5.1.3);
5) des exigences d'essai ont été ajoutées pour les ASI à mode normal multiple;
6) les exigences de charge non linéaire fournies à l'Annexe E ont été assouplies à des fins de cohérence avec les exigences relatives aux alimentations à découpage qui satisfont aux limites d'émission de courant harmonique applicables spécifiées dans l'IEC 61000‑3‑2 et l'IEC 61000‑3‑12;
7) les valeurs de rendement minimal de l'ASI fournies à l'Annexe I sont désormais normatives et reposent sur les caractéristiques assignées de puissance active de sortie et sur l'utilisation de facteurs de pondération plutôt que sur les tolérances associées aux transformateurs d'isolement, au filtrage de courant harmonique d'entrée et aux tensions d'entrée.
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IEC 62040-3 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
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Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) –
Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements
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IEC 62040-3 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) –
Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-9670-7
– 2 – IEC 62040-3:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 10
3.1 General . 10
3.2 Systems and components . 11
3.3 Performance of systems and components . 15
3.4 Equipment mobility. 18
3.5 Specified values. 18
4 Environmental conditions . 25
4.1 General – Test environment . 25
4.2 Normal conditions . 25
4.2.1 General . 25
4.2.2 Operation . 26
4.2.3 Storage and transportation . 26
4.3 Unusual conditions. 26
4.3.1 General . 26
4.3.2 Operation . 26
4.3.3 Storage and transportation . 27
5 Electrical conditions, performance and declared values . 28
5.1 General . 28
5.1.1 UPS configuration . 28
5.1.2 Markings and instructions . 28
5.2 UPS input specification . 28
5.2.1 Conditions for normal mode operation . 28
5.2.2 Characteristics to be declared by the manufacturer . 29
5.2.3 Characteristics and conditions to be identified by the purchaser . 30
5.3 UPS output specification . 30
5.3.1 Conditions for the UPS to supply a load . 30
5.3.2 Characteristics to be declared by the manufacturer . 31
5.3.3 Characteristics and conditions to be identified by the purchaser . 32
5.3.4 Performance classification . 32
5.4 Energy storage device specification . 37
5.4.1 General . 37
5.4.2 Battery . 37
5.5 UPS switch specification . 38
5.5.1 UPS switches supplied as an integral part of a UPS . 38
5.5.2 UPS switches not supplied as an integral part of a UPS. 38
5.6 Signal, control and communication ports . 38
6 UPS tests . 38
6.1 Summary . 38
6.1.1 Venue, instrumentation and load . 38
6.1.2 Routine testing . 39
6.1.3 Site testing . 39
6.1.4 Witness testing . 39
6.1.5 Type testing . 39
6.1.6 Schedule of tests . 40
6.2 Routine tests. 41
6.2.1 General . 41
6.2.2 Electrical . 41
6.3 Site tests . 43
6.4 Type tests – Electrical . 44
6.4.1 Input – AC input power compatibility . 44
6.4.2 Output – Load compatibility . 47
6.4.3 Stored and restored energy times . 52
6.5 Type tests – Environmental . 53
6.5.1 Transportation . 53
6.5.2 Storage in dry heat, damp heat and cold environments . 55
6.5.3 Operation in dry heat, damp heat and cold environments . 55
6.5.4 Acoustic noise . 56
6.6 UPS functional unit tests (where not tested as a complete UPS) . 56
6.6.1 General . 56
6.6.2 UPS rectifier tests . 57
6.6.3 UPS inverter tests . 57
6.6.4 UPS switch tests. 57
6.6.5 Energy storage device tests . 57
Annex A (informative) Configurations – Uninterruptible power system (UPS) . 58
A.1 General . 58
A.2 Single output bus UPS . 58
A.2.1 General . 58
A.2.2 Basic single UPS . 58
A.2.3 Single UPS with bypass . 59
A.3 Parallel UPS . 59
A.3.1 General . 59
A.3.2 Parallel UPS with common bypass . 60
A.3.3 Parallel UPS with distributed bypass . 60
A.3.4 Standby redundant UPS . 61
A.4 Dual bus UPS . 62
A.4.1 Basic dual bus UPS . 62
A.4.2 Standby redundant dual bus UPS . 63
Annex B (informative) Topologies – Uninterruptible power system (UPS) . 64
B.1 General . 64
B.2 Double conversion topology . 64
B.3 Line-interactive topology . 65
B.4 Standby topology . 65
Annex C (informative) Switch applications – Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) . 67
C.1 General . 67
C.2 Transfer switches, bypass transfer switches . 67
C.3 Maintenance bypass switches . 67
Annex D (informative) Purchaser specification guidelines . 69
D.1 General . 69
D.2 Load to be supplied by the UPS . 69
D.3 Energy storage device (battery – where applicable) . 70
D.4 Physical and environmental requirements . 70
– 4 – IEC 62040-3:2021 © IEC 2021
D.5 UPS technical data sheet – Manufacturer's declaration . 71
Annex E (normative) Reference non-linear load . 77
E.1 General . 77
E.2 Apparent power rating of the reference non-linear load . 77
E.3 Circuit design . 77
E.4 Adjustment . 78
Annex F (informative) Multiple normal mode UPS – Guidance for testing . 79
F.1 General . 79
F.2 UPS presenting automatic change of classification . 79
Annex G (normative) AC input power failure – Test method . 80
G.1 General . 80
G.2 Test G.1 – High impedance AC input power failure . 80
G.3 Test G.2 – Low impedance AC input power failure . 80
Annex H (informative) Dynamic output performance – Measurement techniques . 81
H.1 General . 81
H.2 Validation method for RMS measurements . 81
H.3 Validation method for instantaneous measurements. 81
H.4 Example. 82
Annex I (normative) UPS efficiency values . 84
I.1 General . 84
I.2 Equipment covered . 84
I.3 Minimum weighted UPS efficiency . 84
Annex J (normative) UPS efficiency and no load losses – Methods of measurement . 86
J.1 General . 86
J.2 Measurement conditions . 86
J.2.1 Environmental conditions . 86
J.2.2 Operational and electrical conditions . 86
J.2.3 Instrumentation . 87
J.3 Measurement method . 87
J.3.1 Standard method . 87
J.3.2 Alternative method . 88
J.4 Test report . 88
Annex K (informative) UPS availability . 90
K.1 General . 90
K.2 Downstream distribution failures in the AC output of UPS . 90
K.3 Reliability integrity levels . 90
K.4 Availability calculation . 91
K.5 Industry practice . 92
Bibliography . 93
Figure 1 – Typical characteristic Y output voltage waveform . 34
Figure 2 – Dynamic output performance class 1 . 35
Figure 3 – Dynamic output performance class 2 . 36
Figure 4 – Dynamic output performance class 3 . 36
Figure 5 – Load configuration for testing transient conditions . 50
Figure A.1 – Basic single UPS . 58
Figure A.2 – Single UPS with bypass . 59
Figure A.3 – Parallel UPS with common bypass . 60
Figure A.4 – Parallel UPS with distributed bypass . 61
Figure A.5 – Standby redundant UPS. 62
Figure A.6 – Dual bus UPS . 62
Figure A.7 – Standby redundant dual bus UPS . 63
Figure B.1 – Double conversion topology . 64
Figure B.2 – Line-interactive topology . 65
Figure B.3 – Standby topology . 66
Figure C.1 – Bypass transfer switch . 67
Figure C.2 – Internal maintenance bypass switch. 68
Figure C.3 – External maintenance bypass switch . 68
Figure E.1 – Reference non-linear load ≤ 8 kVA . 77
Figure G.1 – Connection of test circuit . 80
Figure H.1 – Validation example of a transient response complying with UPS dynamic
output performance class 3 . 83
Figure K.1 – Reliability % over time . 92
Figure K.2 – Maintainability % over time . 92
Table 1 – Alphabetical list of terms . 10
Table 2 – Example of power derating factors for use at altitudes above 1 000 m . 27
Table 3 – Compatibility levels for individual harmonic distortion of voltage in public
low-voltage power supply systems . 29
Table 4 – Compatibility levels for individual harmonic distortion of voltage in industrial
plants and non-public low-voltage power supply systems . 29
Table 5 – UPS test schedule . 40
Table 6 – Free fall testing . 54
Table D.1 – UPS technical data – Manufacturer’s declaration . 71
Table I.1 – Efficiency weighting factors for UPS . 85
Table I.2 – Minimum weighted UPS efficiency values (%) . 85
Table K.1 – Reliability integrity levels for UPS . 91
– 6 – IEC 62040-3:2021 © IEC 2021
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEMS (UPS) –
Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62040-3 was prepared by subcommittee 22H: Uninterruptible power systems (UPS), of IEC
technical committee 22: Power electronic systems and equipment. It is an International
Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2011 and constitutes a
technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) environmental conditions aligned with IEC 62040-1:2017 (UPS safety requirements);
b) compliance requirements included in all sub-clauses referenced in Table 5 UPS test
schedule;
c) non-linear step load is no longer a type test and was removed from 6.4 in consistency with
requirements for switch mode power supplies incorporating inrush current controls; this
resulted in the performance classification coding being shortened from 8 to 7 characters
(see 5.3.4);
d) free-fall test aligned with ISO 4180 (see 6.5.1.3);
e) multiple normal mode UPS test requirements introduced;
f) non-linear load requirements relaxed in Annex E in consistency with requirements for switch
mode power supplies complying with the applicable limits for harmonic current in
IEC 61000-3-2 and IEC 61000-3-12;
g) minimum UPS efficiency values referenced in Annex I became normative and are based on
active output power rating and utilisation of weighting factors rather than on allowances
related to isolation transformers, input harmonic current filters and input voltages.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
22H/267/FDIS 22H/270/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and
developed in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC
Supplement, available at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types
developed by IEC are described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
In this document, the following print types are used:
• requirements proper and normative annexes: in roman type;
• compliance statements and test specifications: in italic type;
• notes and other informative matter: in smaller roman type;
• normative conditions within tables: in smaller roman type;
• terms that are defined in Clause 3: bold.
A list of all parts of the IEC 62040 series, published under the general title Uninterruptible power
systems (UPS), can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
– 8 – IEC 62040-3:2021 © IEC 2021
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEMS (UPS) –
Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62040 establishes the performance and test requirements applied to movable,
stationary and fixed electronic uninterruptible power systems (UPS) that
• are supplied from AC voltage not exceeding 1 000 V,
• deliver AC output voltage not exceeding 1 000 V,
• incorporate an energy storage device not exceeding 1 500 V DC, and
• have a primary function to ensure continuity of load power.
This document specifies performance and test requirements of a complete UPS and, where
applicable, of individual UPS functional units. Requirements for the individual UPS functional
units found in IEC publications listed in the Bibliography apply so far that they are not in
contradiction with this document.
UPS are developed for a wide range of power, from less than hundred watts to several
megawatts, to meet requirements for availability and quality of power to a variety of loads.
Refer to Annex A and Annex B for information on typical UPS configurations and topologies.
This document also includes UPS performance and test requirements related to UPS switches
that interact with UPS functional units to maintain continuity of load power.
This document does not cover
• conventional AC and DC distribution boards and their associated switches,
• stand-alone static transfer systems covered by IEC 62310-3,
• rotary UPS covered by IEC 88528-11, and
• DC UPS covered by IEC 62040-5-3.
NOTE 1 This document recognises that continuity of load power to information technology (IT) equipment
represents a major UPS application. The UPS output characteristics specified in this document are therefore also
aimed at ensuring compatibility with the requirements of IT equipment. This, subject any limitation stated in the
manufacturer’s declaration, includes requirements for steady state and transient voltage variation as well as for the
supply of both linear and non-linear load characteristics of IT equipment.
NOTE 2 Test loads specified in this document simulate both linear and non-linear load characteristics. Their use
permits verification of the performance declared by the manufacturer while minimising complexity and energy
consumption during the tests.
NOTE 3 This document is aimed at 50 Hz and 60 Hz applications but does not exclude other frequency applications
within the domain of IEC 60196. This is subject to an agreement between manufacturer and purchaser with respect
to any particular requirements arising.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the cited edition applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60038:2009, IEC standard voltages
IEC 60068-2-1:2007, Environmental testing – Part 2-1: Tests – Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2:2007, Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Test B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-27:2008, Environmental testing – Part 2-27: Tests – Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-78:2012, Environmental testing – Part 2-78: Tests – Test Cab: Damp heat, steady
state
IEC 60146-1-1:2009, Semiconductor converters – General requirements and line commutated
converters – Part 1-1: Specification of basic requirements
IEC 60146-2:1999, Semiconductor converters – Part 2: Self-commutated semiconductor
converters including direct d.c. converters
IEC 60364-1, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment
of general characteristics, definitions
IEC 60364-5-52, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 5-52: Selection and erection of
electrical equipment – Wiring systems
IEC 60664-1:2020, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage supply systems –
Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests
IEC TR 60721-4-3:2001, Classification of environmental conditions – Part 4-3: Guidance for the
correlation and transformation of environmental condition classes of IEC 60721-3 to the
environmental tests of IEC 60068 – Stationary use at weatherprotected locations
IEC TR 60721-4-3/AMD1:2003
IEC 61000-2-2:2002, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 2-2: Environment –
Compatibility levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances and signaling in public low-
voltage power supply systems
IEC 61000-2-2:2002/AMD1:2017
IEC 61000-2-2:2002/AMD2:2018
IEC 61000-3-2:2018, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for
harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase)
IEC TS 61000-3-4:1998, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-4: Limits – Limitation of
emission of harmonic currents in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rated
current greater than 16 A
IEC 61000-3-12:2011, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-12: Limits – Limits for
harmonic currents produced by equipment connected to public low-voltage systems with input
current > 16 A and ≤ 75 A per phase
IEC 62040-1:2017, Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) – Part 1: Safety requirements
IEC 62040-2:2016, Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) – Part 2: Electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) requirements
ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of
noise sources using sound pressure – Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane
– 10 – IEC 62040-3:2021 © IEC 2021
ISO 3746:2010, Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of
noise sources using sound pressure – Survey method using an enveloping measurement
surface over a reflecting plane
ISO 4180:2019, Packaging – Complete, filled transport packages – General rules for the
compilation of performance test schedules
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 General
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
NOTE In this document, IEC 60050 definitions are referenced wherever possible, particularly those of
IEC 60050-551. When an existing IEC 60050 definition needs amplification or additional information, this is indicated
by adding the word "modified" after the IEC 60050 reference.
Table 1 provides an alphabetical cross-reference listing of terms.
Table 1 – Alphabetical list of terms
Term Term Term
Term number Term number Term number
active power
AC input power 3.2.8 AC input power failure 3.3.1 3.5.30
P
ambient temperature 3.5.56 apparent power 3.5.31 asynchronous transfer 3.3.14
S
automatic 3.3.11 battery 3.2.19 battery ripple current 3.3.18
bidirectional converter 3.2.16 bypass 3.2.29 bypass mode 3.3.9
charger 3.2.21 charger current limit 3.5.29 continuity of load 3.3.5
power
converter 3.2.12 current limit 3.5.27 cut-off voltage 3.5.55
convertor
DC link 3.2.17 deviation 3.5.5 displacement power 3.5.41
factor
electronic power 3.2.25 efficiency 3.5.57 energy storage device 3.2.18
switch
fixed UPS 3.4.3 flywheel energy 3.2.22 frequency variation 3.5.46
storage system
UPS functional unit 3.2.13 harmonic component 3.5.51 harmonic content 3.5.52
functional unit
high impedance failure 3.3.3 hybrid power switch 3.2.27 individual harmonic 3.5.50
distortion
input frequency 3.5.47 input power factor 3.5.42 input voltage tolerance 3.5.14
tolerance band band
inrush current 3.5.25 instantaneous voltage 3.5.11 UPS inverter 3.2.15
variation inverter
inverter current limit 3.5.28 light load 3.2.38 linear load 3.2.33
load 3.2.31 load power factor 3.5.43 load sharing 3.5.37
low impedance failure 3.3.4 mains 3.2.9 maintenance bypass 3.2.28
switch
Term Term Term
Term number Term number Term number
manual 3.3.10 maximum input current 3.5.24 mechanical power 3.2.26
switch
movable UPS 3.4.1 multiple normal mode 3.3.7 nominal 3.5.3
UPS
non-linear load 3.2.34 non-sinusoidal output 3.5.18 normal mode 3.3.6
voltage
output current 3.5.26 output frequency 3.5.48 output voltage 3.5.15
tolerance band
output voltage 3.5.16 overload capacity 3.5.38 parallel redundant UPS 3.2.7
tolerance band
parallel UPS 3.2.4 periodic output voltage 3.5.22 phase angle 3.5.39
modulation
polyphase 3.2.10 port 3.2.11 power factor 3.5.40
rated apparent power 3.5.32 rated current 3.5.13 rated frequency 3.5.44
of the equipment
S
equ
rated frequency 3.5.45 rated input current 3.5.23 rated load 3.2.32
tolerance band
rated output active 3.5.36 rated output apparent 3.5.35 rated 3.5.1
power power
rated voltage 3.5.12 rating 3.5.2 recovery time 3.5.10
UPS rectifier 3.2.14 redundant UPS 3.2.5 reference non-linear 3.2.35
rectifier load
reliability integrity level
reference test load 3.2.36 3.3.19 restored energy time 3.5.54
RIL
RMS value 3.5.7 RMS voltage variation 3.5.8 routine test 3.3.16
RMS
secondary battery 3.2.20 service life 3.3.17 short-circuit power 3.5.33
S
sc
short-circuit ratio 3.5.34 single UPS 3.2.3 sinusoidal output 3.5.17
Rsce voltage
standby redundant 3.2.6 static bypass switch 3.2.30 stationary UPS 3.4.2
UPS
steady state 3.5.9 step load 3.2.37 stored energy mode 3.3.8
stored energy time 3.5.53 supply impedance 3.3.2 synchronization 3.3.12
synchronous transfer 3.3.13 tolerance band 3.5.4 total harmonic 3.5.49
distortion
THD
transfer switch 3.2.24 transient 3.5.6 type test 3.3.15
unbalance ratio 3.5.21 unbalanced load 3.5.20 uninterruptible power 3.2.1
system
UPS
UPS switch 3.2.23 UPS unit 3.2.2 voltage unbalance 3.5.19
3.2 Systems and components
3.2.1
uninterruptible power system
UPS
combination of converters, switches and energy storage devices (such as batteries),
constituting a power system for maintaining continuity of load power in case of AC input
power failure
– 12 – IEC 62040-3:2021 © IEC 2021
3.2.2
UPS unit
assembly consisting of at least one of each of the following UPS functional units:
• UPS inverter;
• UPS rectifier, and/or a charger;
• energy storage device (or means for connection to one)
3.2.3
single UPS
UPS comprising only one UPS unit
3.2.4
parallel UPS
UPS comprising two or more UPS units operating together for the purpose of sharing the load
3.2.5
redundant UPS
UPS that has additional UPS units and/or additional UPS functional units for the purpose of
improving the continuity of load power
3.2.6
standby redundant UPS
redundant UPS in which one or more UPS unit(s) or UPS functional units are held in reserve
until one or more UPS unit(s) or UPS functional unit(s) fail
3.2.7
parallel redundant UPS
parallel UPS that is also a redundant UPS
3.2.8
AC input power
external electrical power supplied to the UPS and, subject to satisfying the UPS output
specification, to any bypass circuits
Note 1 to entry: The AC input power is usually the mains or a private low-voltage power supply system.
3.2.9
mains
public low-voltage power supply system with characteristics as detailed in IEC 61000-2-2, or,
for industrial applications, non-public industrial low-voltage power supply system with class 3
characteristics as detailed in IEC 61000-2-4
3.2.10
polyphase
circuit comprising more than one phase conductor
Note 1 to entry: Typical polyphase circuits include three-phase, bi-phase, split-phase circuits.
3.2.11
port
access to a device or network where electromagnetic energy or signals may be supplied or
received or where the device or network variables may be observed or measured
Note 1 to entry: Examples of ports include sockets and a group of terminals.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-131:2002, 131-12-60, modified – Word "sockets" added to example in
Note 1 to entry, which has also been rephrased.]
3.2.12
converter
convertor
unit for electronic power conversion, comprising one or more
electronic valve devices, transformers and filters if necessary and auxiliaries if any
Note 1 to entry: In English, the two spellings "converter" and "convertor" are in use, and both are correct.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-551:1998, 551-12-01, modified – "(electronic) (power)" deleted from
term, added as domain.]
3.2.13
UPS functional unit
functional unit
UPS sub-system, for example, a UPS rectifier, a UPS inverter or a UPS switch
3.2.14
UPS rectifier
rectifier
converter that changes single-phase or polyphase alternating electric currents to
unidirectional current
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-551:2001, 151-13-45, modified – Word "UPS" added to term and word
"electric energy converter" replaced by "converter" in the definition.]
3.2.15
UPS inverter
inverter
converter that changes direct electric current to single-phase or polyphase alternating
currents
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-551:2001, 151-13-46, modified – Word "UPS" added to term and word
"electric energy converter" replaced by "converter".]
3.2.16
bidirectional converter
converter which has the functions of both a rectifier and an inverter, and which can reverse
the flow of power from AC to DC and vice-versa
3.2.17
DC link
DC power interconnection between the rectifier and the inverter functional units
Note 1 to entry: The voltage of the energy storage device can differ from that of the DC link.
Note 2 to entry: The DC link can include converters.
3.2.18
energy storage device
system consisting of a single or multiple devices designed to provide power to the UPS inverter
for the required stored energy time
Note 1 to entry: Examples of energy storage devices include, but are not limited to, battery, double-layer capacitor
("super" or "ultra" capacitor) and flywheel energy storage systems.
3.2.19
battery
set of electrochemical cells of the same type so connected as to act together
...
IEC 62040-3 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) –
Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements
Alimentations sans interruption (ASI) –
Partie 3: Méthode de spécification des performances et exigences d'essai
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IEC 62040-3 ®
Edition 3.0 2021-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) –
Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements
Alimentations sans interruption (ASI) –
Partie 3: Méthode de spécification des performances et exigences d'essai
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-1024-8
– 2 – IEC 62040-3:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 10
3.1 General . 10
3.2 Systems and components . 11
3.3 Performance of systems and components . 15
3.4 Equipment mobility. 18
3.5 Specified values. 18
4 Environmental conditions . 25
4.1 General – Test environment . 25
4.2 Normal conditions . 25
4.2.1 General . 25
4.2.2 Operation . 26
4.2.3 Storage and transportation . 26
4.3 Unusual conditions. 26
4.3.1 General . 26
4.3.2 Operation . 26
4.3.3 Storage and transportation . 27
5 Electrical conditions, performance and declared values . 28
5.1 General . 28
5.1.1 UPS configuration . 28
5.1.2 Markings and instructions . 28
5.2 UPS input specification . 28
5.2.1 Conditions for normal mode operation . 28
5.2.2 Characteristics to be declared by the manufacturer . 29
5.2.3 Characteristics and conditions to be identified by the purchaser . 30
5.3 UPS output specification . 30
5.3.1 Conditions for the UPS to supply a load . 30
5.3.2 Characteristics to be declared by the manufacturer . 31
5.3.3 Characteristics and conditions to be identified by the purchaser . 32
5.3.4 Performance classification . 32
5.4 Energy storage device specification . 37
5.4.1 General . 37
5.4.2 Battery . 37
5.5 UPS switch specification . 38
5.5.1 UPS switches supplied as an integral part of a UPS . 38
5.5.2 UPS switches not supplied as an integral part of a UPS. 38
5.6 Signal, control and communication ports . 38
6 UPS tests . 38
6.1 Summary . 38
6.1.1 Venue, instrumentation and load . 38
6.1.2 Routine testing . 39
6.1.3 Site testing . 39
6.1.4 Witness testing . 39
6.1.5 Type testing . 39
6.1.6 Schedule of tests . 40
6.2 Routine tests. 41
6.2.1 General . 41
6.2.2 Electrical . 41
6.3 Site tests . 43
6.4 Type tests – Electrical . 44
6.4.1 Input – AC input power compatibility . 44
6.4.2 Output – Load compatibility . 47
6.4.3 Stored and restored energy times . 52
6.5 Type tests – Environmental . 53
6.5.1 Transportation . 53
6.5.2 Storage in dry heat, damp heat and cold environments . 55
6.5.3 Operation in dry heat, damp heat and cold environments . 55
6.5.4 Acoustic noise . 56
6.6 UPS functional unit tests (where not tested as a complete UPS) . 56
6.6.1 General . 56
6.6.2 UPS rectifier tests . 57
6.6.3 UPS inverter tests . 57
6.6.4 UPS switch tests. 57
6.6.5 Energy storage device tests . 57
Annex A (informative) Configurations – Uninterruptible power system (UPS) . 58
A.1 General . 58
A.2 Single output bus UPS . 58
A.2.1 General . 58
A.2.2 Basic single UPS . 58
A.2.3 Single UPS with bypass . 59
A.3 Parallel UPS . 59
A.3.1 General . 59
A.3.2 Parallel UPS with common bypass . 60
A.3.3 Parallel UPS with distributed bypass . 60
A.3.4 Standby redundant UPS . 61
A.4 Dual bus UPS . 62
A.4.1 Basic dual bus UPS . 62
A.4.2 Standby redundant dual bus UPS . 63
Annex B (informative) Topologies – Uninterruptible power system (UPS) . 64
B.1 General . 64
B.2 Double conversion topology . 64
B.3 Line-interactive topology . 65
B.4 Standby topology . 65
Annex C (informative) Switch applications – Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) . 67
C.1 General . 67
C.2 Transfer switches, bypass transfer switches . 67
C.3 Maintenance bypass switches . 68
Annex D (informative) Purchaser specification guidelines . 69
D.1 General . 69
D.2 Load to be supplied by the UPS . 69
D.3 Energy storage device (battery – where applicable) . 70
D.4 Physical and environmental requirements . 70
– 4 – IEC 62040-3:2021 © IEC 2021
D.5 UPS technical data sheet – Manufacturer's declaration . 71
Annex E (normative) Reference non-linear load . 77
E.1 General . 77
E.2 Apparent power rating of the reference non-linear load . 77
E.3 Circuit design . 77
E.4 Adjustment . 78
Annex F (informative) Multiple normal mode UPS – Guidance for testing . 79
F.1 General . 79
F.2 UPS presenting automatic change of classification . 79
Annex G (normative) AC input power failure – Test method . 80
G.1 General . 80
G.2 Test G.1 – High impedance AC input power failure . 80
G.3 Test G.2 – Low impedance AC input power failure . 80
Annex H (informative) Dynamic output performance – Measurement techniques . 81
H.1 General . 81
H.2 Validation method for RMS measurements . 81
H.3 Validation method for instantaneous measurements. 82
H.4 Example. 82
Annex I (normative) UPS efficiency values . 84
I.1 General . 84
I.2 Equipment covered . 84
I.3 Minimum weighted UPS efficiency . 84
Annex J (normative) UPS efficiency and no load losses – Methods of measurement . 86
J.1 General . 86
J.2 Measurement conditions . 86
J.2.1 Environmental conditions . 86
J.2.2 Operational and electrical conditions . 86
J.2.3 Instrumentation . 87
J.3 Measurement method . 87
J.3.1 Standard method . 87
J.3.2 Alternative method . 88
J.4 Test report . 88
Annex K (informative) UPS availability . 89
K.1 General . 89
K.2 Downstream distribution failures in the AC output of UPS . 89
K.3 Reliability integrity levels . 89
K.4 Availability calculation . 90
K.5 Industry practice . 91
Bibliography . 92
Figure 1 – Typical characteristic Y output voltage waveform . 34
Figure 2 – Dynamic output performance class 1 . 35
Figure 3 – Dynamic output performance class 2 . 36
Figure 4 – Dynamic output performance class 3 . 36
Figure 5 – Load configuration for testing transient conditions . 50
Figure A.1 – Basic single UPS . 58
Figure A.2 – Single UPS with bypass . 59
Figure A.3 – Parallel UPS with common bypass . 60
Figure A.4 – Parallel UPS with distributed bypass . 61
Figure A.5 – Standby redundant UPS. 62
Figure A.6 – Dual bus UPS . 62
Figure A.7 – Standby redundant dual bus UPS . 63
Figure B.1 – Double conversion topology . 64
Figure B.2 – Line-interactive topology . 65
Figure B.3 – Standby topology . 66
Figure C.1 – Bypass transfer switch . 67
Figure C.2 – Internal maintenance bypass switch. 68
Figure C.3 – External maintenance bypass switch . 68
Figure E.1 – Reference non-linear load ≤ 8 kVA . 77
Figure G.1 – Connection of test circuit . 80
Figure H.1 – Validation example of a transient response complying with UPS dynamic
output performance class 3 . 83
Figure K.1 – Reliability % over time . 91
Figure K.2 – Maintainability % over time . 91
Table 1 – Alphabetical list of terms . 10
Table 2 – Example of power derating factors for use at altitudes above 1 000 m . 27
Table 3 – Compatibility levels for individual harmonic distortion of voltage in public
low-voltage power supply systems . 29
Table 4 – Compatibility levels for individual harmonic distortion of voltage in industrial
plants and non-public low-voltage power supply systems . 29
Table 5 – UPS test schedule . 40
Table 6 – Free fall testing . 54
Table D.1 – UPS technical data – Manufacturer’s declaration . 71
Table I.1 – Efficiency weighting factors for UPS . 85
Table I.2 – Minimum weighted UPS efficiency values (%) . 85
Table K.1 – Reliability integrity levels for UPS . 90
– 6 – IEC 62040-3:2021 © IEC 2021
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEMS (UPS) –
Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
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preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
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Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62040-3 was prepared by subcommittee 22H: Uninterruptible power systems (UPS), of IEC
technical committee 22: Power electronic systems and equipment. It is an International
Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2011 and constitutes a
technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) environmental conditions aligned with IEC 62040-1:2017 (UPS safety requirements);
b) compliance requirements included in all sub-clauses referenced in Table 5 UPS test
schedule;
c) non-linear step load is no longer a type test and was removed from 6.4 in consistency with
requirements for switch mode power supplies incorporating inrush current controls; this
resulted in the performance classification coding being shortened from 8 to 7 characters
(see 5.3.4);
d) free-fall test aligned with ISO 4180 (see 6.5.1.3);
e) multiple normal mode UPS test requirements introduced;
f) non-linear load requirements relaxed in Annex E in consistency with requirements for switch
mode power supplies complying with the applicable limits for harmonic current in
IEC 61000-3-2 and IEC 61000-3-12;
g) minimum UPS efficiency values referenced in Annex I became normative and are based on
active output power rating and utilisation of weighting factors rather than on allowances
related to isolation transformers, input harmonic current filters and input voltages.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
22H/267/FDIS 22H/270/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and
developed in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC
Supplement, available at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types
developed by IEC are described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
In this document, the following print types are used:
• requirements proper and normative annexes: in roman type;
• compliance statements and test specifications: in italic type;
• notes and other informative matter: in smaller roman type;
• normative conditions within tables: in smaller roman type;
• terms that are defined in Clause 3: bold.
A list of all parts of the IEC 62040 series, published under the general title Uninterruptible power
systems (UPS), can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
– 8 – IEC 62040-3:2021 © IEC 2021
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SYSTEMS (UPS) –
Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62040 establishes the performance and test requirements applied to movable,
stationary and fixed electronic uninterruptible power systems (UPS) that
• are supplied from AC voltage not exceeding 1 000 V,
• deliver AC output voltage not exceeding 1 000 V,
• incorporate an energy storage device not exceeding 1 500 V DC, and
• have a primary function to ensure continuity of load power.
This document specifies performance and test requirements of a complete UPS and, where
applicable, of individual UPS functional units. Requirements for the individual UPS functional
units found in IEC publications listed in the Bibliography apply so far that they are not in
contradiction with this document.
UPS are developed for a wide range of power, from less than hundred watts to several
megawatts, to meet requirements for availability and quality of power to a variety of loads.
Refer to Annex A and Annex B for information on typical UPS configurations and topologies.
This document also includes UPS performance and test requirements related to UPS switches
that interact with UPS functional units to maintain continuity of load power.
This document does not cover
• conventional AC and DC distribution boards and their associated switches,
• stand-alone static transfer systems covered by IEC 62310-3,
• rotary UPS covered by IEC 88528-11, and
• DC UPS covered by IEC 62040-5-3.
NOTE 1 This document recognises that continuity of load power to information technology (IT) equipment
represents a major UPS application. The UPS output characteristics specified in this document are therefore also
aimed at ensuring compatibility with the requirements of IT equipment. This, subject any limitation stated in the
manufacturer’s declaration, includes requirements for steady state and transient voltage variation as well as for the
supply of both linear and non-linear load characteristics of IT equipment.
NOTE 2 Test loads specified in this document simulate both linear and non-linear load characteristics. Their use
permits verification of the performance declared by the manufacturer while minimising complexity and energy
consumption during the tests.
NOTE 3 This document is aimed at 50 Hz and 60 Hz applications but does not exclude other frequency applications
within the domain of IEC 60196. This is subject to an agreement between manufacturer and purchaser with respect
to any particular requirements arising.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the cited edition applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60038:2009, IEC standard voltages
IEC 60068-2-1:2007, Environmental testing – Part 2-1: Tests – Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2:2007, Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Test B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-27:2008, Environmental testing – Part 2-27: Tests – Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-78:2012, Environmental testing – Part 2-78: Tests – Test Cab: Damp heat, steady
state
IEC 60146-1-1:2009, Semiconductor converters – General requirements and line commutated
converters – Part 1-1: Specification of basic requirements
IEC 60146-2:1999, Semiconductor converters – Part 2: Self-commutated semiconductor
converters including direct d.c. converters
IEC 60364-1, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment
of general characteristics, definitions
IEC 60364-5-52, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 5-52: Selection and erection of
electrical equipment – Wiring systems
IEC 60664-1:2020, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage supply systems –
Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests
IEC TR 60721-4-3:2001, Classification of environmental conditions – Part 4-3: Guidance for the
correlation and transformation of environmental condition classes of IEC 60721-3 to the
environmental tests of IEC 60068 – Stationary use at weatherprotected locations
IEC TR 60721-4-3/AMD1:2003
IEC 61000-2-2:2002, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 2-2: Environment –
Compatibility levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances and signaling in public low-
voltage power supply systems
IEC 61000-2-2:2002/AMD1:2017
IEC 61000-2-2:2002/AMD2:2018
IEC 61000-3-2:2018, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for
harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase)
IEC TS 61000-3-4:1998, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-4: Limits – Limitation of
emission of harmonic currents in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rated
current greater than 16 A
IEC 61000-3-12:2011, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-12: Limits – Limits for
harmonic currents produced by equipment connected to public low-voltage systems with input
current > 16 A and ≤ 75 A per phase
IEC 62040-1:2017, Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) – Part 1: Safety requirements
IEC 62040-2:2016, Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) – Part 2: Electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) requirements
ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of
noise sources using sound pressure – Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane
– 10 – IEC 62040-3:2021 © IEC 2021
ISO 3746:2010, Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of
noise sources using sound pressure – Survey method using an enveloping measurement
surface over a reflecting plane
ISO 4180:2019, Packaging – Complete, filled transport packages – General rules for the
compilation of performance test schedules
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 General
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
NOTE In this document, IEC 60050 definitions are referenced wherever possible, particularly those of
IEC 60050-551. When an existing IEC 60050 definition needs amplification or additional information, this is indicated
by adding the word "modified" after the IEC 60050 reference.
Table 1 provides an alphabetical cross-reference listing of terms.
Table 1 – Alphabetical list of terms
Term Term Term
Term number Term number Term number
active power
AC input power 3.2.8 AC input power failure 3.3.1 3.5.30
P
ambient temperature 3.5.56 apparent power 3.5.31 asynchronous transfer 3.3.14
S
automatic 3.3.11 battery 3.2.19 battery ripple current 3.3.18
bidirectional converter 3.2.16 bypass 3.2.29 bypass mode 3.3.9
charger 3.2.21 charger current limit 3.5.29 continuity of load 3.3.5
power
converter 3.2.12 current limit 3.5.27 cut-off voltage 3.5.55
convertor
DC link 3.2.17 deviation 3.5.5 displacement power 3.5.41
factor
electronic power 3.2.25 efficiency 3.5.57 energy storage device 3.2.18
switch
fixed UPS 3.4.3 flywheel energy 3.2.22 frequency variation 3.5.46
storage system
UPS functional unit 3.2.13 harmonic component 3.5.51 harmonic content 3.5.52
functional unit
high impedance failure 3.3.3 hybrid power switch 3.2.27 individual harmonic 3.5.50
distortion
input frequency 3.5.47 input power factor 3.5.42 input voltage tolerance 3.5.14
tolerance band band
inrush current 3.5.25 instantaneous voltage 3.5.11 UPS inverter 3.2.15
variation inverter
inverter current limit 3.5.28 light load 3.2.38 linear load 3.2.33
load 3.2.31 load power factor 3.5.43 load sharing 3.5.37
low impedance failure 3.3.4 mains 3.2.9 maintenance bypass 3.2.28
switch
Term Term Term
Term number Term number Term number
manual 3.3.10 maximum input current 3.5.24 mechanical power 3.2.26
switch
movable UPS 3.4.1 multiple normal mode 3.3.7 nominal 3.5.3
UPS
non-linear load 3.2.34 non-sinusoidal output 3.5.18 normal mode 3.3.6
voltage
output current 3.5.26 output frequency 3.5.48 output voltage 3.5.15
tolerance band
output voltage 3.5.16 overload capacity 3.5.38 parallel redundant UPS 3.2.7
tolerance band
parallel UPS 3.2.4 periodic output voltage 3.5.22 phase angle 3.5.39
modulation
polyphase 3.2.10 port 3.2.11 power factor 3.5.40
rated apparent power 3.5.32 rated current 3.5.13 rated frequency 3.5.44
of the equipment
S
equ
rated frequency 3.5.45 rated input current 3.5.23 rated load 3.2.32
tolerance band
rated output active 3.5.36 rated output apparent 3.5.35 rated 3.5.1
power power
rated voltage 3.5.12 rating 3.5.2 recovery time 3.5.10
UPS rectifier 3.2.14 redundant UPS 3.2.5 reference non-linear 3.2.35
rectifier load
reliability integrity level
reference test load 3.2.36 3.3.19 restored energy time 3.5.54
RIL
RMS value 3.5.7 RMS voltage variation 3.5.8 routine test 3.3.16
RMS
secondary battery 3.2.20 service life 3.3.17 short-circuit power 3.5.33
S
sc
short-circuit ratio 3.5.34 single UPS 3.2.3 sinusoidal output 3.5.17
Rsce voltage
standby redundant 3.2.6 static bypass switch 3.2.30 stationary UPS 3.4.2
UPS
steady state 3.5.9 step load 3.2.37 stored energy mode 3.3.8
stored energy time 3.5.53 supply impedance 3.3.2 synchronization 3.3.12
synchronous transfer 3.3.13 tolerance band 3.5.4 total harmonic 3.5.49
distortion
THD
transfer switch 3.2.24 transient 3.5.6 type test 3.3.15
unbalance ratio 3.5.21 unbalanced load 3.5.20 uninterruptible power 3.2.1
system
UPS
UPS switch 3.2.23 UPS unit 3.2.2 voltage unbalance 3.5.19
3.2 Systems and components
3.2.1
uninterruptible power system
UPS
combination of converters, switches and energy storage devices (such as batteries),
constituting a power system for maintaining continuity of load power in case of AC input
power failure
– 12 – IEC 62040-3:2021 © IEC 2021
3.2.2
UPS unit
assembly consisting of at least one of each of the following UPS functional units:
• UPS inverter;
• UPS rectifier, and/or a charger;
• energy storage device (or means for connection to one)
3.2.3
single UPS
UPS comprising only one UPS unit
3.2.4
parallel UPS
UPS comprising two or more UPS units operating together for the purpose of sharing the load
3.2.5
redundant UPS
UPS that has additional UPS units and/or additional UPS functional units for the purpose of
improving the continuity of load power
3.2.6
standby redundant UPS
redundant UPS in which one or more UPS unit(s) or UPS functional units are held in reserve
until one or more UPS unit(s) or UPS functional unit(s) fail
3.2.7
parallel redundant UPS
parallel UPS that is also a redundant UPS
3.2.8
AC input power
external electrical power supplied to the UPS and, subject to satisfying the UPS output
specification, to any bypass circuits
Note 1 to entry: The AC input power is usually the mains or a private low-voltage power supply system.
3.2.9
mains
public low-voltage power supply system with characteristics as detailed in IEC 61000-2-2, or,
for industrial applications, non-public industrial low-voltage power supply system with class 3
characte
...
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