CISPR 25:2021
(Main)Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers
Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers
CISPR 25:2021 contains limits and procedures for the measurement of radio disturbances in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 5 925 MHz. This document applies to vehicles, boats, internal combustion engines, trailers, devices and any electronic/electrical component intended for use in vehicles, boats, trailers and devices. Refer to International Telecommunications Union (ITU) publications for details of frequency allocations. The limits are intended to provide protection for on-board receivers installed (per the manufacturer’s guidelines) in a vehicle from disturbances produced by components/modules in the same vehicle. The receiver types to be protected are, for example, broadcast receivers (sound and television), land mobile radio, radio telephone, amateur, citizens' radio, Satellite Navigation (GPS etc.), Wi-Fi, V2X, and Bluetooth. This document does not include protection of electronic control systems from radio frequency (RF) emissions or from transient or pulse-type voltage fluctuations. These subjects are included in ISO publications. The limits in this document are recommended and subject to modification as agreed between the customer (e.g. vehicle manufacturer) and the supplier (e.g. component manufacturer). This document is also intended to be applied by vehicle manufacturers and suppliers which are to be added and connected to the vehicle harness or to an on-board power connector after delivery of the vehicle. This document defines test methods for use by vehicle manufacturers and suppliers, to assist in the design of vehicles and components and ensure controlled levels of on-board radio frequency emissions. The emission requirements in this document are not intended to be applicable to the intentional transmissions from a radio transmitter as defined by the ITU including their spurious emissions.
NOTE 1 This exclusion is limited to those intended transmitter emissions, which leave the EUT as radiated emissions and are coupled onto the wire line in the measurement setup. For conducted transmissions on frequencies intentionally produced by the radio part of an EUT, this exclusion does not apply.
NOTE 2 It is usual for customers and suppliers to use radio regulation standards to manage the effect of spurious emissions from a radio transmitter unless limits of spurious emission are agreed in the test plan.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2016. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
inclusion of new frequency bands,
deletion of the annex on TEM cells,
inclusion of annexes on measurement uncertainty,
overall improvement.
Véhicules, bateaux et moteurs à combustion interne - Caractéristiques des pertubations radioélectriques - Limites et méthodes de mesure pour la protection des récepteurs embarqués
CISPR 25:2021 contient des limites et des procédures pour la mesure des perturbations radioélectriques dans la plage de fréquences de 150 kHz à 5 925 MHz. Le présent document s’applique aux véhicules, bateaux, moteurs à combustion interne, remorques, appareils et tout composant électronique/électrique destiné à être utilisé dans les véhicules, bateaux, remorques et appareils. Consulter les publications de l’Union Internationale des Télécommunications (UIT) pour plus d’informations sur les allocations de fréquences. Ces limites visent à protéger les récepteurs embarqués installés (conformément aux lignes directrices du fabricant) dans un véhicule contre les perturbations produites par les composants/modules dans le même véhicule.
Les types de récepteurs à protéger sont, par exemple, les récepteurs de radiodiffusion (son et télévision), de radiocommunications mobiles terrestres, de radiotéléphonie, de radioamateurs, de service radio de bande banalisée, de navigation par satellite (GPS, etc.), Wi-Fi, V2X et Bluetooth. Le présent document ne traite pas de la protection des systèmes de commande électroniques contre les émissions de radiofréquences (RF) ou les fluctuations de tensions transitoires ou impulsionnelles. Ces sujets sont pris en compte dans des publications de l’ISO. Les limites du présent document sont recommandées et sujettes à modification dans le cadre d’un accord entre le client (par exemple le fabricant de véhicules) et le fournisseur (par exemple le fabricant de composants). Le présent document est également destiné à être appliqué par les fabricants de véhicules et fournisseurs de composants et d’équipements destinés à être ajoutés et raccordés au faisceau du véhicule ou à une prise d’alimentation embarquée après livraison du véhicule. Le présent document définit des méthodes d’essai à destination des constructeurs et fournisseurs de véhicules, en vue de les aider à concevoir les véhicules et les composants, et à maintenir à des niveaux acceptables les émissions de radiofréquences des équipements radioélectriques embarqués. Les exigences d’émission du présent document ne sont pas destinées à être appliquées aux émissions intentionnelles d’un émetteur radio définies par l’UIT, y compris leurs émissions parasites.
NOTE 1 Cette exclusion est limitée aux émissions de l’émetteur prévues, produites par l’EUT sous forme d’émissions rayonnées et couplées à la ligne filaire dans le montage de mesure. Pour les émissions conduites à des fréquences produites intentionnellement par la partie radio d’un EUT, cette exclusion ne s’applique pas.
NOTE 2 Il est courant que les clients et les fournisseurs utilisent les normes de réglementation
des radiocommunications pour gérer l’effet des émissions parasites d’un émetteur radio, à moins
que les limites des émissions parasites ne soient convenues dans le plan d’essai
Cette cinquième édition annule et remplace la quatrième édition parue en 2016. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l’édition précédente:
a) ajout de nouvelles bandes de fréquences;
b) suppression de l’annexe relative aux cellules TEM;
c) ajout d’annexes relatives à l’incertitude de mesure;
d) amélioration générale.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
CISPR 25 ®
Edition 5.0 2021-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INT ERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
C OMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines – Radio disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of
on-board receivers
Véhicules, bateaux et moteurs à combustion interne – Caractéristiques des
perturbations radioélectriques – Limites et méthodes de mesure pour la
protection des récepteurs embarqués
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CISPR 25 ®
Edition 5.0 2021-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INT ERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
C OMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engines – Radio disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of
on-board receivers
Véhicules, bateaux et moteurs à combustion interne – Caractéristiques des
perturbations radioélectriques – Limites et méthodes de mesure pour la
protection des récepteurs embarqués
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-1061-6
– 2 – CISPR 25:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 9
INTRODUCTION . 11
1 Scope . 12
2 Normative references . 12
3 Terms and definitions . 13
4 Requirements common to vehicle and component/module emissions measurement . 19
4.1 General test requirements . 19
4.1.1 Categories of disturbance sources (as defined in the test plan) . 19
4.1.2 Test plan . 19
4.1.3 Determination of conformance of equipment under test (EUT) with limits . 19
4.1.4 Operating conditions . 20
4.1.5 Test report . 21
4.2 Shielded enclosure . 21
4.3 Absorber-lined shielded enclosure (ALSE) . 21
4.3.1 General . 21
4.3.2 Size . 21
4.3.3 Objects in ALSE . 21
4.3.4 ALSE performance validation . 22
4.4 Measuring instrument . 22
4.4.1 General . 22
4.4.2 Spectrum analyser parameters . 22
4.4.3 Scanning receiver parameters . 25
4.5 Power supply . 27
4.5.1 General . 27
4.5.2 Internal combustion engine vehicle – ignition on, engine off. 27
4.5.3 Internal combustion engine vehicle – engine running . 27
4.5.4 Plug-in hybrid electric or electric vehicle in charging mode . 28
4.5.5 Hybrid electric or electric vehicle in running mode . 28
4.5.6 Component/module tests . 28
5 Measurement of emissions received by an antenna on the same vehicle . 29
5.1 General . 29
5.2 Antenna measuring system . 29
5.2.1 Type of antenna. 29
5.2.2 Measuring system requirements . 29
5.3 Method of measurement . 31
5.4 Test setup for vehicle in charging mode . 32
5.4.1 General . 32
5.4.2 Vehicle in charging mode 1 or mode 2 (AC power charging without
communication) . 33
5.4.3 Vehicle in charging mode 3 (AC power charging with communication) or
mode 4 (DC power charging with communication) . 35
5.5 Examples of limits for vehicle radiated disturbances . 40
6 Measurement of components and modules . 46
6.1 General . 46
6.2 Test equipment . 46
6.2.1 Reference ground plane . 46
6.2.2 Power supply and AN . 47
6.2.3 Load simulator . 47
6.3 Conducted emissions from components/modules – Voltage method . 47
6.3.1 General . 47
6.3.2 Test setup . 47
6.3.3 Test procedure . 48
6.3.4 Limits for conducted disturbances from components/modules – Voltage
method . 54
6.4 Conducted emissions from components/modules – current probe method . 54
6.4.1 General . 54
6.4.2 Test setup . 54
6.4.3 Test procedure . 55
6.4.4 Limits for conducted disturbances from components/modules – Current
probe method . 57
6.5 Radiated emissions from components/modules – ALSE method . 57
6.5.1 General . 57
6.5.2 Test setup . 58
6.5.3 Test procedure . 60
6.5.4 Limits for radiated disturbances from components/modules – ALSE
method . 65
6.6 Radiated emissions from components/modules – Stripline method . 72
Annex A (informative) Flow chart for checking the applicability of CISPR 25 to vehicles
and boats . 73
Annex B (normative) Antenna matching unit – Vehicle test . 74
B.1 Antenna matching unit parameters (150 kHz to 6,2 MHz) . 74
B.2 Antenna matching unit – verification . 74
B.2.1 General . 74
B.2.2 Gain measurement . 74
B.2.3 Test procedure . 74
B.3 Impedance measurement . 74
Annex C (informative) Sheath-current suppressor . 76
C.1 General information . 76
C.2 Suppressor construction . 76
Annex D (informative) Guidance for the determination of the noise floor of active
vehicle antennas . 77
Annex E (normative) Artificial Network (AN), High Voltage Artificial Network (HV-AN),
Direct Current charging Artificial Network (DC-charging-AN), Artificial Mains Network
(AMN) and Asymmetric Artificial Network (AAN). 80
E.1 General . 80
E.2 Artificial networks (AN) . 80
E.2.1 Component powered by LV . 80
E.2.2 Component powered by HV . 82
E.2.3 Direct Current charging Artificial Networks (DC-charging-AN) . 85
E.3 Artificial Mains Networks (AMN) . 86
E.4 Asymmetric Artificial Network (AAN) . 86
E.4.1 General . 86
E.4.2 Signal/control port with symmetric lines . 86
E.4.3 Wired network port with PLC on power lines . 87
E.4.4 Signal/control port with PLC (technology) on control pilot line . 88
E.4.5 Signal/control port with control pilot line . 89
– 4 – CISPR 25:2021 © IEC 2021
Annex F (informative) Radiated emissions from components/modules – Stripline
method . 91
F.1 General . 91
F.2 Test setup . 91
F.2.1 General . 91
F.2.2 Stripline impedance matching . 92
F.2.3 Location of the EUT . 92
F.2.4 Location and length of the test harness . 92
F.2.5 Location of the load simulator . 92
F.3 Test procedure. 92
F.4 Limits for radiated emissions from components/modules – Stripline method . 94
F.5 Stripline design . 96
Annex G (informative) Interference to mobile radio communication in the presence of
impulsive noise – Methods of judging degradation . 99
G.1 General . 99
G.2 Survey of methods of judging degradation to radio channel. 99
G.2.1 General . 99
G.2.2 Subjective tests . 99
G.2.3 Objective tests . 101
G.2.4 Conclusions relating to judgement of degradation . 101
Annex H (normative) Test methods for power supply systems for high voltages in
electric and hybrid vehicles . 102
H.1 General . 102
H.2 Test equipment . 102
H.2.1 Reference ground plane . 102
H.2.2 Power supply, AN, HV-AN, AMN and AAN . 103
H.2.3 Load simulator . 103
H.3 Conducted emission from components/modules on HV power lines – Voltage
method . 103
H.3.1 General . 103
H.3.2 Test setup . 104
H.3.3 Limits for conducted emission – Voltage method . 110
H.4 Conducted emission from components/modules on HV power lines – current
probe method . 111
H.4.1 General . 111
H.4.2 Test setup . 111
H.4.3 Limits for conducted emission – current probe method . 117
H.5 Radiated emissions from components/modules – ALSE method . 117
H.5.1 General . 117
H.5.2 Test setup . 117
H.5.3 Limits for radiated emissions – ALSE method . 123
H.6 Coupling between HV and LV systems . 123
H.6.1 General . 123
H.6.2 Measurement based on test setups defined in Clause 6. 123
H.6.3 Measurement of the HV-LV coupling attenuation . 130
Annex I (Informative) ALSE performance validation 150 kHz to 1 GHz . 133
I.1 General . 133
I.2 Validation method . 135
I.2.1 Overview . 135
I.2.2 Equipment . 135
I.2.3 Procedure . 138
I.2.4 Requirements . 147
Annex J (informative) Measurement instrumentation uncertainty – measurement of
emissions received by an antenna on the same vehicle . 148
J.1 General . 148
J.2 Uncertainty sources . 148
J.3 Measurand . 150
J.4 Input quantities to be considered . 150
J.4.1 General . 150
J.4.2 AM band with OEM passive vehicle antenna (high impedance) . 150
J.4.3 AM band with OEM active vehicle antenna (“matched 50 Ω” impedance) . 150
J.4.4 Others bands (e.g FM, DAB III, …) with OEM active vehicle antenna
(“matched 50 Ω” impedance) . 150
J.4.5 Others bands with reference antenna . 151
Annex K (informative) Uncertainty budgets for measurement of emissions received by
an antenna on the same vehicle . 156
K.1 General . 156
K.2 Typical CISPR 25 uncertainty budgets . 156
K.3 Receiver’s frequency step . 163
Annex L (informative) Measurement instrumentation uncertainty – Emissions from
components/modules – Test methods . 164
L.1 General . 164
L.2 Uncertainty sources . 164
L.3 Measurand . 168
L.4 Input quantities to be considered . 168
Annex M (informative) Uncertainty budgets for emissions from components/modules . 175
M.1 General . 175
M.2 Typical uncertainty budgets . 175
Annex N (informative) Items under consideration . 181
N.1 General . 181
N.2 Measurement techniques and limits . 181
N.3 ALSE performance validation method above 1 GHz . 181
N.4 Reconsideration of the scope of the document . 181
N.5 Reorganizing the document into separate parts similar to CISPR-16
document series . 181
N.6 Inclusion of test setups for WPT charging . 181
Bibliography . 182
Figure 1 – Method of determination of conformance for all frequency bands . 20
Figure 2 – Example of gain curve . 30
Figure 3 – Example of test setup – Vehicle-radiated emissions (front view with
monopole antenna) . 32
Figure 4 – Example of test setup for vehicle with the inlet located on vehicle side
(charging mode 1 or 2, AC powered, without communication) . 34
Figure 5 – Example of test setup for vehicle with the inlet located front / rear of vehicle
(charging mode 1 or 2, AC powered, without communication . 35
Figure 6 – Example of test setup for vehicle with the inlet located on vehicle side
(charging mode 3 or mode 4, with communication) . 38
– 6 – CISPR 25:2021 © IEC 2021
Figure 7 – Example of test setup for vehicle with the inlet located front /rear of vehicle
(charging mode 3 or mode 4, with communication) . 39
Figure 8 – Details of average limits for GPS, BDS,B1l and GLONASS bands –
Complete vehicle . 45
Figure 9 – Conducted emissions – Example of test setup for EUT with power return
line remotely grounded . 50
Figure 10 – Conducted emissions – Example of test setup for EUT with power return
line locally grounded . 51
Figure 11 – Conducted emissions – Example of test setup for alternators and
generators . 52
Figure 12 – Conducted emissions – Example of test setup for ignition system
components . 53
Figure 13 – Conducted emissions – Example of test setup for current probe
measurements . 56
Figure 14 – Test harness bending requirements. 59
Figure 15 – Example of test setup – rod antenna . 61
Figure 16 – Example of test setup – biconical antenna . 62
Figure 17 – Example of test setup – log-periodic antenna . 63
Figure 18 – Example of test setup – above 1 GHz – Horn antenna . 64
Figure 19 – Details of average limit for GPS, BDS, B1l and GLONASS bands –
Components . 72
Figure A.1 – Flow chart for checking the applicability of this document . 73
Figure B.1 – Verification setup . 75
Figure C.1 – Characteristic S of the sheath-current suppressor . 76
Figure D.1 – Example of vehicle test setup for equipment noise . 78
Figure D.2 – Example of vehicle test setup for antenna noise measurement . 79
Figure E.1 – Example of 5 µH AN schematic . 81
Figure E.2 – Characteristics of the AN impedance Z . 81
PB
Figure E.3 – Example of 5 µH HV-AN schematic . 83
Figure E.4 – Example of 5 µH HV-AN combination in a single shielded box . 84
Figure E.5 – Impedance matching network attached between HV-ANs and EUT . 85
Figure E.6 – Example of 5 μH DC-charging-AN schematic . 86
Figure E.7 – Example of an AAN for signal/control port with symmetric lines (e.g. CAN) . 87
Figure E.8 – Example of AAN with wired network port with PLC on AC or
DC power lines . 88
Figure E.9 – Example of AAN circuit for signal/control port with PLC on control pilot . 89
Figure E.10 – Example of AAN circuit for pilot line . 90
Figure F.1 – Example of a basic stripline test setup in a shielded enclosure . 93
Figure F.2 – Example for a 50 Ω stripline . 97
Figure F.3 – Example for a 90 Ω stripline . 98
Figure H.1 – Conducted emission – example for test setup for EUTs with shielded
power supply systems . 106
Figure H.2 – Conducted emission – example of test setup for EUTs with shielded
power supply systems with electric motor attached to the bench . 107
Figure H.3 – Conducted emission – Example of test setup for EUTs with shielded
power supply systems and inverter . 108
Figure H.4 – Conducted emission – Example of test setup for EUTs with shielded
power supply systems and charger device . 109
Figure H.5 – Conducted emission – Example of test setup current probe measurement
on HV lines for EUTs with shielded power supply systems . 113
Figure H.6 – Conducted emission – Example of test setup current probe measurement
on HV lines for EUTs with shielded power supply systems with electric motor attached
to the bench . 114
Figure H.7 – Conducted emission – Example of test setup current probe measurement
on HV lines for EUTs with shielded power supply systems and inverter . 115
Figure H.8 – Conducted emission – Example of test setup current probe measurement
on HV lines for EUTs with shielded power supply systems and charger device . 116
Figure H.9 – Radiated emission – Example of test setup measurement with biconical
antenna for EUTs with shielded power supply systems and with LV lines facing the
antenna . 119
Figure H.10 – Radiated emission – Example of test setup measurement with biconical
antenna for EUTs with shielded power supply systems with electric motor attached to
the bench and with LV lines facing the antenna . 120
Figure H.11 – Radiated emission – Example of test setup measurement with biconical
antenna for EUTs with shielded power supply systems and inverter and with LV lines
facing the antenna . 121
Figure H.12 – Radiated emission – Example of test setup measurement with biconical
antenna for EUTs with shielded power supply systems and charger device and with LV
lines facing the antenna . 122
Figure H.13 – Test setup for calibration of the test signal . 124
Figure H.14 – Example of test setup for conducted emissions – voltage method –
measurement on LV ports with injection on HV supply ports . 125
Figure H.15 – Example of test setup for conducted emissions – current probe method –
measurement on LV ports with injection on HV supply ports . 127
Figure H.16 – Example of test setup for radiated emissions – ALSE method –
measurement with biconical antenna with injection on HV supply ports . 129
Figure H.17 – Test setup for EUT S measurements . 131
Figure H.18 – Examples of requirements for coupling attenuation, a . 132
c
Figure I.1 – Examples of typical ALSE influence parameters over the 10 MHz to
100 MHz frequency range . 134
Figure I.2 – Visual representation of ALSE performance validation process . 135
Figure I.3 – Metallic sheet angles used as support for the rod . 137
Figure I.4 – Radiator side view 50 Ω terminations . 137
Figure I.5 – Photo of the radiator mounted on the ground reference plane . 137
Figure I.6 – Example VSWR measured from four radiation sources (without 10 dB
attenuator) . 138
Figure I.7 – Example setup for ALSE equivalent field strength measurement (rod
antenna shown for the frequency range from 150 kHz to 30 MHz) . 140
Figure I.8 – MoM-Model for the frequency range 30 MHz to 200 MHz . 142
Figure J.1 – Sources of measurement instrumentation uncertainty . 149
Figure K.1 – Example of measurement for frequency step uncertainty evaluation . 163
Figure L.1 – Sources of measurement instrumentation uncertainty – conducted
emissions from components/modules – Voltage method . 165
Figure L.2 – Sources of measurement instrumentation uncertainty – conducted
emissions from components/modules – Current probe method . 166
– 8 – CISPR 25:2021 © IEC 2021
Figure L.3 – Sources of measurement instrumentation uncertainty – radiated emissions
from components/modules – ALSE method . 167
Table 1 – Spectrum analyser parameters . 24
Table 2 – Scanning receiver parameters . 26
Table 3 – Antenna types . 29
Table 4 – Example for limits of disturbance – Complete vehicle – General . 40
Table 5 – Example for limits of disturbance – Complete vehicle – Digital mobile phone . 42
Table 6 – Examples of limits for conducted disturbances – Voltage method . 54
Table 7 – Examples of limits for conducted disturbances – Current probe method . 57
Table 8 – Examples of limits for radiated disturbances – ALSE method – General . 65
Table 9 – Examples of limits for radiated disturbances – ALSE method – Digital mobile
phone . 67
Table E.1 – Magnitude of the AN impedance Z . 82
PB
Table F.1 – Examples of limits for radiated disturbances – Stripline method . 94
Table H.1 – Example for HV limits for conducted voltage measurements at shielded
power supply devices (HV-LV coupling attenuation class A1) . 110
Table H.2 – Example of configurations for equipment without negative LV line . 131
Table H.3 – Example of configurations for equipment with negative LV line . 131
Table H.4 – Examples of requirements for minimum coupling attenuation, a . 132
c
Table I.1 – Reference data to be used for chamber validation . 142
Table J.1 – Input quantities to be considered for voltage at antenna terminal
measurements . 151
Table K.1 – Typical uncertainty budget – Voltage at antenna terminal – AM band with
OEM passive vehicle antenna (high impedance) . 156
Table K.2 – Typical uncertainty budget – Voltage at antenna terminal – AM band with
OEM active vehicle antenna (“matched 50 Ω” impedance) . 159
Table K.3 – Typical uncertainty budget – Voltage at antenna terminal – Others bands
with reference antenna . 161
Table L.1 – Input quantities to be considered for emissions from components/modules . 169
Table M.1 – Typical uncertainty budget – Conducted emissions from
components/modules – Voltage method and current probe method . 175
Table M.2 – Typical uncertainty budget – Radiated emissions from
components/modules – ALSE method . 177
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
____________
VEHICLES, BOATS AND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES –
RADIO DISTURBANCE CHARACTERISTICS –
LIMITS AND METHODS OF MEASUREMENT FOR
THE PROTECTION OF ON-BOARD RECEIVERS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
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