IEC 60349-1:2010

Electric traction - Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles - Part 1: Machines other than electronic converter-fed alternating current motors

IEC 60349-1:2010 is applicable to rotating electrical machines, other than electronic converter-fed alternating current motors, forming part of the equipment of electrically propelled rail and road vehicles. The vehicles may obtain power either from an external supply or from an internal source. The object of this standard is to enable the performance of a machine to be confirmed by tests and to provide a basis for assessment of its suitability for a specified duty and for comparison with other machines. The main technical changes with regard to the previous edition are as follows:
- the limits valid for traction motors are now directly stated in this standard;
- the methods described in the relevant ISO standards are now allowed.

Traction électrique - Machines électriques tournantes des véhicules ferroviaires et routiers - Partie 1: Machines autres que les moteurs à courant alternatif alimentés par convertisseur électronique

La CEI 60349-1:2010 est applicable aux machines électriques tournantes, autres que les moteurs à courant alternatif alimentés par convertisseur électronique, qui font partie de l'équipement des véhicules ferroviaires et routiers à propulsion électrique. Les véhicules peuvent être alimentés soit par une source externe, soit par une source interne. L'objet de cette norme est de permettre de confirmer, par des essais, les qualités de fonctionnement d'une machine et de procurer une base d'estimation de son aptitude à fournir un service spécifié et une base de comparaison avec d'autres machines. Les modifications techniques principales par rapport à l'édition précédente sont les suivantes:
- les limites valables pour les moteurs de traction sont maintenant directement spécifiées dans cette norme;
- les méthodes décrites dans les normes ISO pertinentes sont à présent autorisées.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 12-Oct-2010
• ICS: 29.280 - Electric traction equipment
• ICS: 45.060.01 - Railway rolling stock in general
• Technical Committee: TC 9 - Electrical equipment and systems for railways
• Drafting Committee: MT 30 - TC 9/MT 30
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 13-Oct-2010
• Completion Date: 15-Oct-2010

Relations

• Revises: IEC 60349-1:1999 - Electric traction - Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles - Part 1: Machines other than electronic convertor-fed alternating current motors
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 60349-1:1999/AMD1:2002 - Amendment 1 - Electric traction - Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles - Part 1: Machines other than electronic convertor-fed alternating current motors
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Overview

IEC 60349-1:2010 is an international standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) that specifies requirements for rotating electrical machines used in electric traction applications on rail and road vehicles. This part 1 of the standard focuses on machines other than electronic converter-fed alternating current motors. The scope covers both motors and generators forming part of electrically propelled vehicles powered either by external power supplies or onboard sources.

The main objective of IEC 60349-1:2010 is to enable consistent evaluation of machine performance through defined testing methods, ensuring suitability for specified operational duties. It also allows for comparative assessment among different machines, contributing to reliability and safety in electric traction systems.

Significant updates in this edition include direct statement of traction motor limits within the standard itself and acceptance of test methods described in relevant ISO standards.

Key Topics

• Scope and Definitions: Defines rotating electrical machines applicable to electrically propelled rail and road vehicles excluding electronic converter-fed AC motors.
• Environmental and Operational Conditions: Specifies environmental parameters affecting machine design and performance.
• Performance Characteristics: Covers efficiency, temperature rise, commutation, transient response, starting, and overspeed characteristics for traction motors, main generators, auxiliary motors/generators, and motor-generator sets.
• Marking and Identification: Requirements for nameplates, terminal markings, and lead identification to ensure traceability and correct installation.
• Testing Procedures:
  • Type Tests – Temperature-rise, characteristic verification, commutation, transient, short-circuit, starting, overspeed, and vibration tests.
  • Routine Tests – Short-time soundness, characteristic repeatability, commutation checks, overspeed, dielectric strength, and vibration imbalance tests.
• Measurement Methods: Normative annexes detail techniques for measuring temperature, losses, efficiency, noise, and supply voltages.
• Standardized Limits: Defines temperature rise limits and commutation tolerances critical for machine safety and performance.
• Noise Limits: Provides airborne noise emission guidelines to comply with operational noise regulations.

Applications

IEC 60349-1:2010 is essential for manufacturers, testing laboratories, and operators involved in the production, installation, and maintenance of electric propulsion systems on:

• Electric Rail Vehicles: Locomotives, passenger trains, and trams utilizing rotating electrical machines for traction and power generation.
• Electric Road Vehicles: Buses, trams, and hybrid electric vehicles relying on electric traction motors and auxiliary electrical machines.
• Industrial Electric Traction Systems: Such as fork lifts and automated guided vehicles where reliable motor performance is critical.
• Testing and Certification: Provides a robust framework for factory acceptance and field performance testing ensuring compliance with international safety and performance standards.
• Design and Manufacturing: Guides electrical machine design to meet operational duty cycles, efficiency requirements, and reliability under variable conditions encountered in rail and road applications.

Related Standards

• IEC 60349 Series: Other parts cover electronic converter-fed alternating current motors and related rotating electrical machines.
• Relevant ISO Standards: Accepted methods for testing and measurement integrated into IEC 60349-1 to harmonize global testing practices.
• IEC 60034 Series: General standards for rotating electrical machines including performance and testing requirements.
• IEC Electropedia: For standardized definitions related to electrical machines found in this standard.
• Regional and National Regulations: Complement IEC 60349-1 by providing specific requirements for environmental conditions, noise limits, and safety protocols in rail and road vehicle electrification.

---

Adopting IEC 60349-1:2010 ensures consistent quality, safety, and interoperability of electric traction machines, contributing to improved operational reliability and sustainability in rail and road electric propulsion systems. Its detailed test procedures and performance criteria make it a foundational reference for the electrical traction industry worldwide.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 60349-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2010-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Electric traction – Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles –
Part 1: Machines other than electronic converter-fed alternating current motors

Traction électrique – Machines électriques tournantes des véhicules ferroviaires
et routiers –
Partie 1: Machines autres que les moteurs à courant alternatif alimentés par
convertisseur électronique
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IEC 60349-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2010-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Electric traction – Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles –
Part 1: Machines other than electronic converter-fed alternating current motors

Traction électrique – Machines électriques tournantes des véhicules ferroviaires
et routiers –
Partie 1: Machines autres que les moteurs à courant alternatif alimentés par
convertisseur électronique
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XB
CODE PRIX
ICS 45.060 ISBN 978-2-88912-182-3
– 2 – 60349-1 © IEC:2010
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
1 Scope and object.7
2 Normative references .8
3 Terms and definitions .8
4 Environmental conditions.13
5 Characteristics .13
5.1 General .13
5.2 Reference temperature.13
5.3 Efficiency characteristics .14
5.4 Commutator type traction motor characteristics .14
5.5 Main generator characteristics.14
5.6 Auxiliary motor characteristics.15
5.7 Auxiliary generator characteristics.15
5.8 Auxiliary motor-generator set and rotary converter characteristics.15
6 Marking .15
6.1 Nameplate.15
6.2 Terminal and lead markings .16
7 Test categories and summary of tests .16
7.1 Test categories .16
7.1.1 General .16
7.1.2 Type tests .16
7.1.3 Routine tests .16
7.1.4 Investigation tests .16
7.2 Summary of tests .17
8 Type tests .19
8.1 Temperature-rise tests .19
8.1.1 General .19
8.1.2 Ventilation during temperature-rise tests .19
8.1.3 Judgement of results .19
8.1.4 Limits of temperature rise .20
8.1.5 Short-time overload temperature-rise test.20
8.2 Characteristic tests and tolerances.21
8.2.1 General .21
8.2.2 Commutator type traction motors .21
8.2.3 Main generators (refer to Figure 2) .22
8.2.4 Auxiliary motors.23
8.2.5 Auxiliary generators.23
8.2.6 Auxiliary motor-generator sets and rotary converters .23
8.3 Commutation tests .24
8.3.1 General .24
8.3.2 Traction motors (refer to Figure 1) .24
8.3.3 Main generators (refer to Figure 2) .25
8.3.4 Auxiliary motors and generators and motor-generator sets .25
8.4 Transient tests .26
8.4.1 General .26

60349-1 © IEC:2010 – 3 –
8.4.2 Traction motors and motors of main motor-generator sets .26
8.4.3 Auxiliary motors, auxiliary motor-generator sets and auxiliary rotary
converters .26
8.4.4 Voltage jump test on auxiliary motors, auxiliary motor-generator sets
and auxiliary rotary converters.27
8.5 Short-circuit tests on main and auxiliary alternators.27
8.6 Starting tests.27
8.6.1 General .27
8.6.2 Single-phase a.c. locomotive motors .28
8.6.3 Main motor-generator sets.28
8.6.4 Auxiliary motors, auxiliary motor-generator sets and auxiliary rotary
converters .28
8.7 Overspeed tests .28
8.8 Vibration tests .28
8.8.1 Internally generated vibration characteristics .28
9 Routine tests .29
9.1 Short-time soundness test.29
9.1.1 General .29
9.1.2 Test conditions .29
9.1.3 Plotting of heating and cooling curves .29
9.1.4 Judgement of results .30
9.2 Characteristic tests and tolerances.30
9.2.1 General .30
9.2.2 Commutator type traction motors (see Figure 1) .30
9.2.3 Main generators (refer to Figure 2) .30
9.2.4 Alternative tests for alternators.31
9.2.5 Auxiliary motors.31
9.2.6 Auxiliary generators.31
9.2.7 Auxiliary motor-generator sets and converters .31
9.3 Commutation routine tests.32
9.3.1 General .32
9.3.2 Traction motors (refer to Figure 1) .32
9.3.3 Main generators (refer to Figure 2) .32
9.3.4 Auxiliary motors and generators and motor-generator sets .32
9.4 Overspeed tests .32
9.4.1 General .32
9.4.2 Traction motors .32
9.4.3 Main or auxiliary engine-driven generators .32
9.4.4 Generators driven by a vehicle axle.33
9.4.5 Main or auxiliary motor-generator sets, auxiliary converters and
auxiliary motors .33
9.5 Dielectric tests .33
9.6 Vibration tests (imbalance) .34
9.7 Commutator radial run-out measurement.34
Annex A (normative) Measurement of temperature .37
Annex B (informative) Methods of determining losses and efficiency.40
Annex C (informative) Noise measurement and limits .50
Annex D (normative) Supply voltages of traction systems .59
Annex E (informative) Agreement between user and manufacturer .60

– 4 – 60349-1 © IEC:2010
Bibliography.62

Figure 1 – Commutator type traction motor test points .35
Figure 2 – Main generator test points.36
Figure B.1 – Circuit for determining loss and efficiency by the regenerative method
with the machines connected in parallel.42
Figure B.2 – Circuit for determining loss and efficiency by the regenerative method
with the machines connected in series .43
Figure B.3 – Circuit for determining loss and efficiency by the regenerative method
with the machines connected in series and with mechanical drive.44
Figure B.4 – Circuit for determining loss and efficiency of single-phase a.c.
commutator motors by the regenerative method with the machines connected in series.44
Figure B.5 – Circuit for determining loss and efficiency of pulsating current motors by
the regenerative method with the machines connected in series .45
Figure B.6 – Circuit for determining loss and efficiency of pulsating current motors by
the regenerative method with the machines connected in parallel .46
Figure B.7 – Circuit for the measurement of the a.c. losses of pulsating current motors .46
Figure B.8 – Correction factor for additional load loss of uncompensated d.c machines .48
Figure B.9 – Correction factor for pulsating current I R loss.48
Figure B.10 – Conventional values of traction motor transmission losses.48
Figure C.1 – Limiting mean sound power level for airborne noise emitted by traction
motors .56
Figure C.2 – Location of measuring points and prescribed paths for horizontal
machines .57
Figure C.3 – Location of measuring points and prescribed paths for vertical machines .58

Table 1 – Summary of tests .18
Table 2 – Limits of temperature rise for continuous or other ratings .20
Table 3 – Temperature rise for short-time overload rating .21
Table 4 – Tolerances on the speed of commutator type traction motors .22
Table 5 – Dielectric test voltages .33
Table 6 – Limits of commutator radial run-out .34
Table C.1 – Corrections .52
Table C.2 – Corrections .55
Table C.3 – Correction for pure tones .56

60349-1 © IEC:2010 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRIC TRACTION –
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES
FOR RAIL AND ROAD VEHICLES –
Part 1: Machines other than electronic converter-fed
alternating current motors
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60349-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 9:
Electrical equipment and systems for railways.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1999, and its
amendment 1 (2002) of which it constitutes a technical revision.
The main technical changes with regard to the previous edition are as follows:
– As the limits of vibration velocities have been changed in IEC 60034-14, the limits valid for
traction motors are now directly stated in this standard.
– In addition to the existing method for measuring and calculating the sound power level, the
methods described in ISO 3741, ISO 3743, ISO 3744, ISO 3745 and ISO 9614 are also
allowed. However the maximum sound power levels and the correction for pure tones
remain unchanged in Clauses C.7 and C.8.

– 6 – 60349-1 © IEC:2010
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
9/1415/FDIS 9/1465/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The list of all parts of IEC 60349 series, published under the general title, Electric traction –
Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
60349-1 © IEC:2010 – 7 –
ELECTRIC TRACTION –
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES
FOR RAIL AND ROAD VEHICLES –
Part 1: Machines other than electronic converter-fed
alternating current motors
1 Scope and object
This part of IEC 60349 is applicable to rotating electrical machines, other than electronic
converter-fed alternating current motors, forming part of the equipment of electrically
propelled rail and road vehicles. The vehicles may obtain power either from an external
supply or from an internal source.
The object of this standard is to enable the performance of a machine to be confirmed by
tests and to provide a basis for assessment of its suitability for a specified duty and for
comparison with other machines.
Where further testing is to be undertaken in accordance with IEC 61377-2, it may be
preferable, to avoid duplication, that some type and investigation tests be carried out on
the combined test bed.
NOTE 1 This standard also applies to machines installed on trailers hauled by electrically propelled vehicles.
NOTE 2 The basic requirements of this standard may be applied to rotating electrical machines for special
purpose vehicles such as mine locomotives, but it does not cover flameproof or other special features that may be
required.
NOTE 3 It is not intended that this standard should apply to machines on small road vehicles such as battery-fed
delivery vehicles, works trucks, etc. Neither does it apply to minor machines such as windscreen wiper motors, etc.
that may be used on all types of vehicles.
NOTE 4 Industrial type machines complying with the IEC 60034 series may be suitable for certain auxiliary
applications.
Electrical inputs or outputs of machines covered by this standard may be as follows:
a) direct current (including rectified polyphase alternating current);
b) pulsating current (rectified single-phase alternating current);
c) unidirectional chopper-controlled current;
d) single-phase alternating current;
e) polyphase alternating current (in general three-phase).
In this standard, the electrical machines concerned are classified as follows.
1) Traction motors – Motors for propelling rail or road vehicles.
2) Engine-driven main generators – Generators for supplying power to traction motors on
the same vehicle or train.
3) Main motor-generator sets – Machines obtaining power from a line or battery, and
supplying power to traction motors on the same vehicle or train.
4) Auxiliary motors – Motors for driving compressors, fans, auxiliary generators or other
auxiliary machines.
5) Auxiliary generators – Generators for supplying power for auxiliary services such as air
conditioning, heating, lighting, battery charging, etc.

– 8 – 60349-1 © IEC:2010
6) Auxiliary motor-generator sets and auxiliary rotary converters – Machines which obtain
their power from the line or other source to provide an electrical supply for auxiliary
services.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 1: Rating and performance
IEC 60034-8, Rotating electrical machines – Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of
rotation
IEC 60085, Thermal evaluation and designation
IEC 60638, Criteria for assessing and coding of the commutation of rotating electrical
machines for traction
IEC 62498-1, Railway applications – Environmental conditions for equipment – Part 1:
Equipment on board rolling stock
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-131,
IEC 60050-151, IEC 60050-411 and IEC 60050-811, as well as the following apply.
3.1
rating of a machine
combination of simultaneous values of electrical and mechanical quantities, with their duration
and sequence, assigned to a machine by the manufacturer
3.1.1
rated value
numerical value of any quantity included in a rating
NOTE For traction machines, certain special quantities are often included such as current ripple factor for a
pulsating current motor, excitation condition for a variable field motor, etc.
3.1.2
continuous rating
electrical load the machine can withstand on the test bed for an unlimited period under the
conditions specified in 8.1 without exceeding the limits of temperature rise given in Table 2,
all other appropriate requirements in this standard also being satisfied
3.1.2.1
continuous ratings of an engine-driven main generator
an engine-driven main generator normally has two continuous ratings which are defined
below:
a) continuous rating "at lower voltage"
continuous rating determined by the temperature rise of the windings through which the
load current flows (higher value of load current and lower voltage)
b) continuous rating "at higher voltage"

60349-1 © IEC:2010 – 9 –
continuous rating determined by the temperature rise of the field windings (lower value of
load current and higher voltage)
NOTE 1 These two continuous ratings correspond to points on the full power regulated characteristic as defined
in 3.8.2 or on the inherent characteristic as defined in 3.8.3.
NOTE 2 Ratings similar to those specified above may, where appropriate, be applied to a main motor-generator
set.
3.1.3
short-time (for example, 1 h) rating
electrical load that a machine can withstand on the test bed for the stated time without
exceeding the limits of temperature rise given in Table 2, the test being carried out as
specified in 8.1 starting with the machine cold (see Clause A.1), all other appropriate
requirements in this standard also being satisfied
3.1.4
short-time overload rating
electrical load that a machine can withstand on the test bed for the stated time without
exceeding the limits of temperature rise given in Table 3 (the test being started and carried
out as specified in Annex A)
NOTE Short-time overload ratings are of value in determining the suitability of machines for duties which involve
relatively long periods of operation below the continuous rating followed by a period above it. These are most likely
to occur in locomotive applications. They are not relevant to the repeated short-load cycles of rapid transit and
similar duties and should not be specified for such applications.
3.1.5
intermittent duty rating
electrical loads and conditions at which a machine may be operated on a duty cycle without
the temperature rises at any point in the cycle exceeding the limits given in Table 2
3.1.6
equivalent rating
continuous rating with constant values of voltage, current and speed that, as far as
temperature rise is concerned, is equivalent to a long series of the intermittent duty cycles
which the machine has to withstand in service
NOTE This rating should be agreed between user and manufacturer.
3.1.7
guaranteed rating
rating guaranteed by the manufacturer
3.1.7.1
guaranteed rating of a traction motor
the guaranteed rating is normally a continuous rating, but in special cases the manufacturer
and user may agree that it is a short-time or intermittent rating
3.1.7.2
guaranteed ratings of an engine-driven main generator
the guaranteed ratings are normally the two continuous ratings defined in 3.1.2, but in special
cases, the manufacturer and user may agree that they are short-time or intermittent ratings
3.1.7.3
guaranteed ratings of a main motor-generator set
the guaranteed ratings are normally the continuous rating, but in special cases, the
manufacturer and user may agree that they are short-time or intermittent ratings
3.1.7.4
guaranteed rating of an auxiliary machine
unless otherwise specified, the guaranteed rating is the continuous rating

– 10 – 60349-1 © IEC:2010
3.2
rated voltage
specified value of the voltage at the terminals of the machine when operating at a rating. If
unidirectional, the voltage is the arithmetic mean of the recurring waveform and if alternating
it is the root mean square value of the fundamental frequency component of the recurring
waveform
NOTE In the case of a machine with a protective resistor permanently in series, the resistor is considered as an
integral part of the machine.
3.2.1
rated voltage of a motor fed directly or indirectly from a contact system
(including motors of motor-generator sets)
highest value of voltage (excluding transients) which can appear at the motor terminals when
it is drawing its rated current with the contact system at its nominal voltage as defined in
Annex D
NOTE 1 In some cases, it may be necessary to assign ratings at other than the above voltage in order to fully
define the performance of a machine, an example being a motor-generator set giving constant power output over a
range of input voltages
NOTE 2 If, in the case of an indirectly fed motor, the regulation characteristic of the transformer or other device is
not specified, the rated voltage is taken as 90 % of the open-circuit value
3.2.2
rated voltage of a motor fed from a generator or battery located on the vehicle
3.2.2.1
traction motors
rated voltage corresponding to the maximum voltage of the source when supplying the motor
at its rated current
3.2.2.2
auxiliary motors
rated voltage corresponding to the nominal voltage of the auxiliary supply (see note to 3.2.4)
3.2.3
rated voltages of a main generator
two rated voltages corresponding to the two continuous ratings defined in 3.1.2
3.2.4
rated voltage of an auxiliary generator (including generators of auxiliary motor-
generator sets or rotary converters)
voltage corresponding to the nominal voltage of the auxiliary supply
NOTE The nominal voltage of the auxiliary supply should normally be agreed between the manufacturer and the
user, taking into account factors (such as standardization with other vehicles), which may influence the choice.
3.3
rated speed of a machine
speed at a guaranteed rating of the machine
3.3.1
rated speed of an engine-driven main or auxiliary generator
speed of the generator corresponding to the rated speed of the engine
3.3.2
rated speed of an axle-driven generator
speed agreed between the manufacturer and the user

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3.4
maximum (or minimum) voltage
3.4.1
maximum (or minimum) voltage of a machine
highest (or lowest) voltage which the machine will be called upon to withstand in service,
transient voltages being excluded. Also excluded is any reduction in the minimum voltage by
control means during starting or acceleration
NOTE Unless otherwise agreed the maximum voltage of an auxiliary machine connected in series with other
machines without mechanical coupling is taken as 1,2 times the highest voltage of the supply to the machines
divided by the number in series.
3.4.2
maximum and minimum voltage of a machine supplied directly or indirectly from
a contact system
voltages normally corresponding to the highest and lowest voltages of the traction system
(see Annex D), account being taken of the regulation of any transformer or control equipment
interposed between the line and the machine
3.5
maximum current
maximum value of current shown on the characteristic curve supplied by the manufacturer
3.6
maximum working speed
3.6.1
maximum working speed of a traction motor
highest rotational speed assigned to the traction motor by the manufacturer
NOTE When the characteristics of the vehicle for which the motor is intended are specified, this speed should be
not less than that corresponding to the maximum service speed of the vehicle, assuming fully worn metal wheels or
the minimum rolling diameter of rubber types.
3.6.2
maximum working speed of an engine-driven main or auxiliary generator
generator speed corresponding to the maximum governed speed of the engine for the
particular application
NOTE This will normally be the maximum governed speed on "no-load". Transient speed variations during load
changes should be disregarded.
3.6.3
maximum working speed of a generator with a rotational speed proportional to the
speed of the vehicle
highest rotational speed assigned to the generator by the manufacturer. See note in 3.6.1
3.6.4
maximum working speed of a main or auxiliary motor-generator set, an auxiliary
converter or an auxiliary motor
highest rotational speed assigned to the machine by the manufacturer
NOTE For specific applications account should be taken, when assigning this maximum speed, of the most
unfavourable conditions of voltage, excitation, frequency, loading, etc., that can occur in service.
3.7
output and input power of electrical machines and heat engines
3.7.1
output power of a motor
mechanical output power available at the motor shaft, expressed in kilowatts (kW)

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3.7.2
maximum service output power of a heat engine
maximum output power assigned to a heat engine for a particular application
3.7.3
available input power to a main generator
input power converted to electricity to supply the traction motors and other loads, such as
train heating, connected to it
NOTE 1 It is used to derive the ratings and characteristics of the generator.
NOTE 2 The maximum available input power to a main generator is the maximum service output power of the heat
engine, less the power it provides to drive, either directly or indirectly, the engine cooling equipment and vehicle
auxiliaries, assuming these are operating at their minimum input power for the given condition.
NOTE 3 The available input power is not necessarily absorbed by the main generator over its whole working
current range.
3.8
main generator characteristics
3.8.1
regulated characteristic
characteristic obtained if the power demand of a main generator is regulated to absorb the
available input power, the product of current and voltage remaining substantially constant
between the limits of regulation
3.8.2
full power regulated characteristic
regulated characteristic corresponding to the maximum available input power
3.8.3
inherent characteristic
characteristic of a generator designed to operate without load regulating equipment to match
its power demand to the available engine output power
3.9
effective field ratio of a series motor
ratio of the actual field ampere-turns to the maximum obtainable at the same armature current
NOTE 1 A series motor is said to be
– in full field when the field current is equal to the armature current;
– in maximum field when the effective field ratio is the maximum used in service;
– in weak field when the effective field ratio is below the maximum;
– in minimum field when the effective field ratio is the minimum used in service.
NOTE 2 For motors without permanent shunts across the field windings, full field and maximum field are the
same.
3.10
effective resistance of a series motor
resistance value which, when multiplied by the load current, gives the total resistive voltage
drop in the machine windings, i.e. it takes account of any shunt across the field windings
3.11
ripple factor
ripple factor of a continuous pulsating current is defined as:

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l − l
max min
× 100
l + l
max min
expressed as a percentage in which I and I are respectively the maximum and the
max min
minimum values of the current waveform
NOTE This is in accordance with IEC 61287-1.
3.12
pulsating frequency
frequency of the fundamental alternating component of a pulsating current or voltage
3.13
pulse control
control of the power supply to a machine by varying the starting and terminating points of
repeated pulses of voltage or current
NOTE Pulse control devices include, but are not limited to, choppers, inverters and electronically controlled
rectifiers.
4 Environmental conditions
Unless otherwise specified by the user, the following environmental conditions are assumed:
a) Altitude
Height above sea level: Class A3 according IEC 62498-1.
b) Temperature
Temperature in the shade: Class T1 according IEC 62498-1.
Whenever the machines are intended to operate where one or both of these limits will be
exceeded, special requirements may be agreed between user and manufacturer. For more
information refer to IEC 60034-1.
The manufacturer shall be informed by the user of any particularly arduous conditions such as
dust, humidity, temperature, snow, dynamic effects, etc. under which the machines are
intended to work.
5 Characteristics
5.1 General
Machine specifications shall, as a general rule, include characteristic curves in accordance
with the following subclauses. These curves, defined as the "specified characteristics", shall
be plotted up to the designed operating limits of each variable.
When the first few machines of a type have been tested, "declared characteristics" shall be
produced from the results in accordance with 8.2.
Unless otherwise agreed, the declared characteristics of machines electromagnetically
identical with any previously manufactured for the same user or application shall be those of
the existing machines, in which case compliance with the characteristics shall be
demonstrated by routine tests only.
5.2 Reference temperature
All characteristics, irrespective of the thermal class of insulation system used on the machine
to which they apply, shall be drawn for a winding reference temperature of 150 °C which shall
be stated on the characteristics.

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5.3 Efficiency characteristics
Efficiency characteristics shall take account of losses in external resistances normally
included in either the main or excitation circuits. Any power used in providing separate
excitation shall be included in the losses unless otherwise accounted for (e.g. as an auxiliary
load), in which case the omission shall be stated.
5.4 Commutator type traction motor characteristics
The characteristic curves shall normally show motor speed, torque and efficiency as a
function of current. Alternatively the curves may show vehicle speed and tractive effort at the
rail as a function of current, in which case the gear ratio, wheel diameter and transmission
losses shall be stated. If conventional values are used for the latter, they shall be in
accordance with Figure B.10.
Curves shall be drawn for each excitation condition employed on the application except that
where continuously variable field control is employed, only the maximum and minimum curves
need be drawn. The effective machine resistance for each effective field ratio shall be stated.
The characteristic curves of traction motors supplied directly or indirectly from a contact
system, or from a battery located on the vehicle, shall be drawn at the rated voltage, except
when
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