IEC 60974-1:2012
(Main)Arc welding equipment - Part 1: Welding power sources
Arc welding equipment - Part 1: Welding power sources
IEC 60974-1:2012 is applicable to power sources for arc welding and allied processes designed for industrial and professional use, and supplied by a voltage not exceeding 1 000 V, or driven by mechanical means. This part of IEC 60974 specifies safety and performance requirements of welding power sources and plasma cutting systems. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2005 and constitutes a technical revision. The significant changes with respect to the previous edition are the following:
- the heating test shall be carried out at ambient temperature of 40 °C (see 5.1);
- new Figure 1 summarizes example of insulation requirements;
- creepage distances for pollution degree 4 are no longer valid (see Table 2);
- insulation requirements for Class II equipment are defined (see Table 3);
- dielectric test voltage interpolation restriction lower limit is changed to 220 V and interpolation for control and welding circuit is clarified (see Table 4);
- water test is clarified by suppression of visual inspection (see 6.2.1);
- isolation requirements of the supply circuit and the welding circuit are moved in protection against electric shock in normal service (see 6.2.4);
- touch current in normal service and in single fault condition requirements are changed (see 6.2.5, 6.2.6 and 6.3.6);
- maximum temperature for insulation systems are reviewed in accordance with current edition of IEC 60085 (see Table 6);
- limits of temperature rise for external surfaces are updated depending of unintentional contact period as defined in ISO 13732-1 (see Table 7);
- loading test is completed by a dielectric test (see 7.4);
- conformity test for tolerance to supply voltage fluctuation is clarified (see 10.1);
- marking of terminals is limited to external protective conductor and three-phase equipment terminals (see 10.4);
- usage of hazard reducing device is clarified (see 11.1);
- requirements for control circuits are changed (see Clause 12);
- impact test is clarified (see 14.2.2);
- environmental parameters are completed (see Annex M).
Matériel de soudage à l'arc - Partie 1: Sources de courant de soudage
La CEI 60974-1:2012 s'applique aux sources de courant de soudage à l'arc et techniques connexes conçues pour un usage industriel et professionnel et alimentées sous une tension ne dépassant pas 1 000 V, ou entraînées par des moyens mécaniques. La présente partie de la CEI 60974 spécifie les exigences de sécurité et de fonctionnement des sources de courant de soudage et des systèmes de coupage plasma. Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition parue en 2005, et constitue une révision technique. Les modifications majeures par rapport à l'édition précédente sont les suivantes:
- l'essai d échauffement doit être réalisé à une température ambiante de 40 °C (voir 5.1);
- la nouvelle Figure 1 fournit un récapitulatif des exigences d'isolement;
- les lignes de fuite pour le degré de pollution 4 ne sont plus valables (voir Tableau 2);
- les exigences d'isolement pour le matériel de Classe II sont définies (voir Tableau 3);
- la limite inférieure restrictive d'interpolation de la tension d'essai diélectrique est modifiée et passe à 220 V et l'interpolation pour le circuit de commande et de soudage est clarifié (voir Tableau 4);
- l'essai à l'eau est simplifié par la suppression de l'examen visuel (voir 6.2.1);
- les exigences d'isolement du circuit d'alimentation et du circuit de soudage sont transformées en protection contre les chocs électriques en service normal (voir 6.2.4);
- les exigences relatives au courant de contact en service normal et en condition de défaut simple sont modifiées (voir 6.2.5, 6.2.6 et 6.3.6);
- les valeurs de température maximale pour les systèmes d'isolement sont révisées conformément à l'édition actuelle de la CEI 60085 (voir Tableau 6);
- les limites d'échauffement pour les surfaces externes sont mises à jour en fonction de la durée des contacts involontaires, telle que définie dans l'ISO 13732-1 (voir Tableau 7);
- l'essai en charge est complété par un essai diélectrique (voir 7.4);
- l'essai de conformité pour les tolérances aux fluctuations de la tension d'alimentation est clarifié (voir 10.1);
- le marquage des bornes est limité aux bornes des conducteurs de protection externes et des matériels triphasés (voir 10.4);
- l'usage des dispositifs réducteurs de risques est clarifié (voir 11.1);
- les exigences relatives aux circuits de commande sont modifiées (voir l'Article 12);
- l'essai au choc est clarifié (voir 14.2.2);
- les paramètres d'ambiance sont complétés (voir Annexe M).
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 60974-1 ®
Edition 4.0 2012-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Arc welding equipment –
Part 1: Welding power sources
Matériel de soudage à l’arc –
Partie 1: Sources de courant de soudage
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IEC 60974-1 ®
Edition 4.0 2012-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Arc welding equipment –
Part 1: Welding power sources
Matériel de soudage à l’arc –
Partie 1: Sources de courant de soudage
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XE
ICS 25.160 ISBN 978-2-83220-095-7
– 2 – 60974-1 © IEC:2012
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references. 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Environmental conditions . 18
5 Tests . 19
5.1 Test conditions . 19
5.2 Measuring instruments . 19
5.3 Conformity of components . 19
5.4 Type tests . 20
5.5 Routine tests . 20
6 Protection against electric shock . 21
6.1 Insulation . 21
6.1.1 General . 21
6.1.2 Clearances . 22
6.1.3 Creepage distances . 23
6.1.4 Insulation resistance . 25
6.1.5 Dielectric strength . 25
6.2 Protection against electric shock in normal service (direct contact) . 26
6.2.1 Protection provided by the enclosure . 26
6.2.2 Capacitors . 27
6.2.3 Automatic discharge of supply circuit capacitors . 27
6.2.4 Isolation of the welding circuit . 28
6.2.5 Welding circuit touch current . 28
6.2.6 Touch current in normal condition . 29
6.3 Protection against electric shock in case of a fault condition (indirect contact) . 29
6.3.1 Protective provisions . 29
6.3.2 Isolation between windings of the supply circuit and the welding circuit . 29
6.3.3 Internal conductors and connections . 29
6.3.4 Additional requirements for plasma cutting systems . 30
6.3.5 Movable coils and cores . 30
6.3.6 Touch current in fault condition . 31
7 Thermal requirements . 31
7.1 Heating test . 31
7.1.1 Test conditions . 31
7.1.2 Tolerances of the test parameters . 32
7.1.3 Duration of test . 32
7.2 Temperature measurement . 32
7.2.1 Measurement conditions . 32
7.2.2 Surface temperature sensor . 32
7.2.3 Resistance . 33
7.2.4 Embedded temperature sensor . 33
7.2.5 Determination of the ambient air temperature . 33
7.2.6 Recording of temperatures . 33
7.3 Limits of temperature rise . 34
60974-1 © IEC:2012 – 3 –
7.3.1 Windings, commutators and slip-rings . 34
7.3.2 External surfaces . 34
7.3.3 Other components . 35
7.4 Loading test . 35
7.5 Commutators and slip-rings . 36
8 Thermal protection . 36
8.1 General requirements . 36
8.2 Construction . 36
8.3 Location . 36
8.4 Operating capacity . 36
8.5 Operation . 37
8.6 Resetting . 37
8.7 Indication . 37
9 Abnormal operation. 37
9.1 General requirements . 37
9.2 Stalled fan test . 38
9.3 Short circuit test . 38
9.4 Overload test . 38
10 Connection to the supply network . 39
10.1 Supply voltage . 39
10.2 Multi-supply voltage . 39
10.3 Means of connection to the supply circuit . 39
10.4 Marking of terminals . 40
10.5 Protective circuit . 40
10.5.1 Continuity requirement . 40
10.5.2 Type test . 41
10.5.3 Routine test . 41
10.6 Cable anchorage . 42
10.7 Inlet openings . 43
10.8 Supply circuit on/off switching device . 43
10.9 Supply cables . 44
10.10 Supply coupling device (attachment plug). 44
11 Output . 45
11.1 Rated no-load voltage . 45
11.1.1 Rated no-load voltage for use in environments with increased risk of
electric shock . 45
11.1.2 Rated no-load voltage for use in environments without increased risk
of electric shock . 45
11.1.3 Rated no-load voltage for the use with mechanically held torches with
increased protection for the operator . 45
11.1.4 Rated no-load voltage for special processes for example plasma
cutting . 45
11.1.5 Additional requirements . 46
11.1.6 Measuring circuits . 47
11.2 Type test values of the conventional load voltage . 48
11.2.1 Manual metal arc welding with covered electrodes. 48
11.2.2 Tungsten inert gas . 48
11.2.3 Metal inert/active gas and flux cored arc welding . 48
11.2.4 Submerged arc welding . 48
– 4 – 60974-1 © IEC:2012
11.2.5 Plasma cutting . 48
11.2.6 Plasma welding . 48
11.2.7 Plasma gouging . 48
11.2.8 Additional requirements . 48
11.3 Mechanical switching devices used to adjust output . 48
11.4 Welding circuit connections . 49
11.4.1 Protection against unintentional contact . 49
11.4.2 Location of coupling devices . 49
11.4.3 Outlet openings . 49
11.4.4 Three-phase multi-operator welding transformer . 49
11.4.5 Marking . 49
11.4.6 Connections for plasma cutting torches . 50
11.5 Power supply to external devices connected to the welding circuit . 50
11.6 Auxiliary power supply . 50
11.7 Welding cables . 51
12 Control circuits . 51
12.1 General requirement . 51
12.2 Isolation of control circuits . 51
12.3 Working voltages of remote control circuits . 51
13 Hazard reducing device . 51
13.1 General requirements . 51
13.2 Types of hazard reducing devices . 52
13.2.1 Voltage reducing device . 52
13.2.2 Switching device for a.c. to d.c. . 52
13.3 Requirements for hazard reducing devices . 52
13.3.1 Disabling the hazard reducing device . 52
13.3.2 Interference with operation of a hazard reducing device . 52
13.3.3 Indication of satisfactory operation . 53
13.3.4 Fail to a safe condition . 53
14 Mechanical provisions . 53
14.1 General requirements . 53
14.2 Enclosure . 53
14.2.1 Enclosure materials . 53
14.2.2 Enclosure strength . 53
14.3 Handling means . 54
14.3.1 Mechanised handling . 54
14.3.2 Manual handling . 54
14.4 Drop withstand . 55
14.5 Tilting stability . 55
15 Rating plate . 55
15.1 General requirements . 55
15.2 Description . 55
15.3 Contents . 56
15.4 Tolerances . 59
15.5 Direction of rotation . 60
16 Adjustment of the output . 60
16.1 Type of adjustment . 60
16.2 Marking of the adjusting device . 60
60974-1 © IEC:2012 – 5 –
16.3 Indication of current or voltage control . 60
17 Instructions and markings . 61
17.1 Instructions . 61
17.2 Markings . 62
Annex A (informative) Nominal voltages of supply networks . 63
Annex B (informative) Example of a combined dielectric test . 64
Annex C (normative) Unbalanced load in case of a.c. tungsten inert-gas welding power
sources . 65
Annex D (informative) Extrapolation of temperature to time of shutdown . 67
Annex E (normative) Construction of supply circuit terminals . 68
Annex F (informative) Cross-reference to non-SI units . 70
Annex G (informative) Suitability of supply network for the measurement of the true
r.m.s. value of the supply current . 71
Annex H (informative) Plotting of static characteristics . 72
Annex I (normative) Test methods for a 10 Nm impact . 73
Annex J (normative) Thickness of sheet metal for enclosures . 74
Annex K (informative) Examples of rating plates . 76
Annex L (informative) Graphical symbols for arc welding equipment . 81
Annex M (informative) Efficiency . 104
Annex N (normative) Touch current measurement in fault condition . 105
Bibliography . 109
Figure 1 – Example of insulation configuration for Class I equipment . 21
Figure 2 – Measurement of welding circuit touch current . 28
Figure 3 – Measurement of r.m.s. values . 47
Figure 4 – Measurement of peak values . 47
Figure 5 – Principle of the rating plate . 56
Figure B.1 – Combined high-voltage transformers . 64
Figure C.1 – Voltage and current during a.c. tungsten inert-gas welding . 65
Figure C.2 – Unbalanced voltage during a.c. tungsten inert-gas welding . 66
Figure C.3 – AC welding power source with unbalanced load . 66
Figure I.1 – Test set-up . 73
Figure K.1 – Single-phase transformer . 76
Figure K.2 – Three-phase rotating frequency converter . 77
Figure K.3 – Subdivided rating plate: single-/three-phase transformer rectifier . 78
Figure K.4 – Engine-generator-rectifier . 79
Figure K.5 – Single-/three-phase inverter type . 80
Figure L.1 – Input voltage power switch . 101
Figure L.2 – Arc force control potentiometer . 101
Figure L.3 – Remote receptacle and selector switches . 102
Figure L.4 – Terminals with inductance selector for MIG/MAG welding . 102
Figure L.5 – Process switch (MMA, TIG, MIG) . 102
Figure L.6 – Selector switch on AC/DC equipment . 102
Figure L.7 – Panel indicator lights (overheat, fault, arc striking, output voltage) . 103
– 6 – 60974-1 © IEC:2012
Figure L.8 – Setting pulsing parameters using digital display . 103
Figure N.1 – Measuring network for weighted touch current . 105
Figure N.2 – Diagram for touch current measurement on fault condition at operating
temperature for single-phase connection of appliances other than those of class II . 107
Figure N.3 – Diagram for touch current measurement on fault condition for three-phase
four-wire system connection of appliances other than those of class II . 108
Table 1 – Minimum clearances for overvoltage category III . 22
Table 2 – Minimum creepage distances . 24
Table 3 – Insulation resistance . 25
Table 4 – Dielectric test voltages . 25
Table 5 – Minimum distance through insulation . 29
Table 6 – Temperature limits for windings, commutators and slip-rings . 34
Table 7 – Temperature limits for external surfaces . 35
Table 8 – Cross-section of the output short-circuit conductor . 38
Table 9 – Current and time requirements for protective circuits . 41
Table 10 – Minimum cross-sectional area of the external protective copper conductor . 41
Table 11 – Verification of continuity of the protective circuit . 42
Table 12 – Pull . 43
Table 13 – Summary of allowable rated no-load voltages . 46
Table 14 – Hazard reducing device requirements. 52
Table E.1 – Range of conductor dimensions to be accepted by the supply circuit
terminals . 68
Table F.1 – Cross-reference for mm to American wire gauge (AWG) . 70
Table I.1 – Angle of rotation θ to obtain 10 Nm impact . 73
Table I.2 – Mass of the free fall weight and height of the free fall . 73
Table J.1 – Minimum thickness of sheet metal for steel enclosures . 74
Table J.2 – Minimum thickness of sheet metal for enclosures of aluminium, brass or
copper . 75
Table L.1 – Letters used as symbols . 82
60974-1 © IEC:2012 – 7 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ARC WELDING EQUIPMENT –
Part 1: Welding power sources
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60974-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 26: Electric
welding.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2005 and constitutes a
technical revision.
The significant changes with respect to the previous edition are the following:
– the heating test shall be carried out at ambient temperature of 40 °C (see 5.1);
– new Figure 1 summarizes example of insulation requirements;
– creepage distances for pollution degree 4 are no longer valid (see Table 2);
– insulation requirements for Class II equipment are defined (see Table 3);
– dielectric test voltage interpolation restriction lower limit is changed to 220 V and
interpolation for control and welding circuit is clarified (see Table 4);
– water test is clarified by suppression of visual inspection (see 6.2.1);
– 8 – 60974-1 © IEC:2012
– isolation requirements of the supply circuit and the welding circuit are moved in protection
against electric shock in normal service (see 6.2.4);
– touch current in normal service and in single fault condition requirements are changed
(see 6.2.5, 6.2.6 and 6.3.6);
– maximum temperature for insulation systems are reviewed in accordance with current
edition of IEC 60085 (see Table 6);
– limits of temperature rise for external surfaces are updated depending of unintentional
contact period as defined in ISO 13732-1 (see Table 7);
– loading test is completed by a dielectric test (see 7.4);
– conformity test for tolerance to supply voltage fluctuation is clarified (see 10.1);
– marking of terminals is limited to external protective conductor and three-phase equipment
terminals (see 10.4);
– usage of hazard reducing device is clarified (see 11.1);
– requirements for control circuits are changed (see Clause 12);
– impact test is clarified (see 14.2.2);
– environmental parameters are completed (see Annex M).
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
26/472/FDIS 26/479/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
In this standard, the following print types are used:
– conformity statements: in italic type.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60974 series can be found, under the general title Arc welding
equipment, on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
60974-1 © IEC:2012 – 9 –
ARC WELDING EQUIPMENT –
Part 1: Welding power sources
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60974 is applicable to power sources for arc welding and allied processes
designed for industrial and professional use, and supplied by a voltage not exceeding 1 000 V,
or driven by mechanical means.
This part of IEC 60974 specifies safety and performance requirements of welding power
sources and plasma cutting systems.
This part of IEC 60974 is not applicable to welding power sources for manual metal arc welding
with limited duty operation which are designed mainly for use by laymen and designed in
accordance with IEC 60974-6.
This part of IEC 60974 is not applicable to testing of power sources during periodic
maintenance or after repair.
NOTE 1 Typical allied processes are electric arc cutting and arc spraying.
NOTE 2 AC systems having a nominal voltage between 100 V and 1 000 V are given in Table 1 of
IEC 60038:2009.
NOTE 3 This part of IEC 60974 does not include electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
IEC 60050-151:2001, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 151: Electrical and
magnetic devices
IEC 60050-851:2008, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 851: Electric
welding
IEC 60245-6, Rubber insulated cables – Rated voltages up to and including 450/750 V – Part 6:
Arc welding electrode cables
IEC 60417-DB:2011 , Graphical symbols for use on equipment
IEC 60445, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification –
Identification of equipment terminals, conductor terminations and conductors
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
___________
“DB” refers to the IEC on-line database.
– 10 – 60974-1 © IEC:2012
IEC 60664-1:2007, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests
IEC 60664-3, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 3: Use of
coating, potting or moulding for protection against pollution
IEC 60695-11-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-10: Test flames – 50 W horizontal and vertical
flame test methods
IEC 60974-7, Arc welding equipment – Part 7: Torches
IEC 61140, Protection against electric shock – Common aspects for installation and equipment
IEC 61558-2-4, Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for
supply voltages up to 1 100 V – Part 2-4: Particular requirements and tests for isolating
transformers and power supply units incorporating isolating transformers
IEC 61558-2-6, Safety of transformers, reactors, power supply units and similar products for
supply voltages up to 1 100 V – Part 2-6: Particular requirements and tests for safety isolating
transformers and power supply units incorporating safety isolating transformers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-151,
IEC 60050-851 and IEC 60664-1, as well as the following, apply.
3.1
arc welding power source
equipment for supplying current and voltage and having the required characteristics suitable for
arc welding and allied processes
Note 1 to entry An arc welding power source can also supply services to other equipment and auxiliaries for
example auxiliary power, cooling liquid, consumable arc welding electrode and gas to shield the arc and the welding
area.
Note 2 to entry In the following text, the term "welding power source" is used.
3.2
industrial and professional use
use intended only for experts or instructed persons
3.3
expert
competent person
skilled person
a person who can judge the work assigned and recognize possible hazards on the basis of
professional training, knowledge, experience and knowledge of the relevant equipment
Note 1 to entry Several years of practice in the relevant technical field can be taken into consideration in
assessment of professional training.
3.4
instructed person
person informed about the tasks assigned and about the possible hazards involved in
neglectful behaviour
Note 1 to entry If necessary, the person has undergone some training.
60974-1 © IEC:2012 – 11 –
3.5
type test
test of one or more devices made to a given design to check if these devices comply with the
requirements of the standard concerned
3.6
routine test
test made on each individual device during or after manufacture to check if it complies with the
requirements of the standard concerned or the criteria specified
3.7
visual inspection
inspection by eye to verify that there are no apparent discrepancies with respect to provisions
of the standard concerned
3.8
drooping characteristic
external static characteristic of a welding power source which, in its normal welding range, is
such that the negative slope is greater than or equal to 7 V/100 A
3.9
flat characteristic
external static characteristic of a welding power source which, in its normal welding range, is
such that, as the current increases, the voltage either decreases by less than 7 V/100 A or
increases by less than 10 V/100 A
3.10
static characteristic
relationship between the voltage and the current at the output terminals of a welding power
source when connected to a conventional load
3.11
welding circuit
conductive material through which the welding current is intended to flow
Note 1 to entry In arc welding, the arc is a part of the welding circuit.
Note 1 to entry In certain arc welding processes, the welding arc can be established between two electrodes. In
such a case, the workpiece is not necessarily a part of the welding circuit.
3.12
control circuit
internal or external circuit for the operational control of the equipment or for protection of the
power circuits, or both
EXAMPLE 1 Control circuits intended for interface between the welding power source and external equipment
designed by the manufacturer.
EXAMPLE 2 Control circuits intended for interface between the welding power source and other types of ancillary
equipment.
3.13
welding current
current delivered by a welding power source during welding
3.14
load voltage
voltage between the output terminals when the welding power source is delivering welding
current
– 12 – 60974-1 © IEC:2012
3.15
no-load voltage
voltage, exclusive of any arc striking or arc stabilizing voltage, between the accessible output
terminals of a welding power source when the welding circuit is open but energized
3.16
conventional value
standardized value that is used as a measure of a parameter for the purposes of comparison,
calibration, testing etc.
NOTE Conventional values do not necessarily apply during the actual welding process.
3.17
conventional welding condition
condition of the welding power source in the energized and thermally stabilized state defined by
a conventional welding current driven by the corresponding conventional load voltage through a
conventional load at rated supply voltage and frequency or speed of rotation
3.18
conventional load
practically non-inductive constant resistive
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