IEC PAS 63595:2025

Industrial networks - 5G communication technology - General considerations

IEC PAS 63595:2025 defines wireless communication systems based on 5G and beyond technologies applicable for industrial process measurement and control applications. Based on common terminology, generic descriptions, and use cases, this document provides requirements for related users, designers, and device manufacturers.
This document considers cellular wireless communication systems according to the specifications of the terrestrial radio interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications-2020 (IMT-2020) developed by 3GPP as 5G Release 15 and beyond (see ITU-R M.2150-1:02/2022).
NOTE 1 Non-cellular professional stand-alone wireless communication systems, also called NR+, are not considered.
NOTE 2 The PAS is a pre-standard and can be converted into a series of documents for users, designers, and device manufacturers.
NOTE In accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, IEC PASs are automatically withdrawn after 4 years.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-2025
• ICS: 25.040.40 - Industrial process measurement and control
• ICS: 33.020 - Telecommunications in general
• Technical Committee: SC 65C - Industrial networks

Overview

IEC PAS 63595:2025 - Industrial networks - 5G communication technology - General considerations provides a pre-standard framework for applying 5G (IMT-2020 / 3GPP Release 15 and beyond) cellular wireless technologies to industrial process measurement and control. The PAS gives common terminology, generic system descriptions, and representative use cases, and it sets out requirements and guidance for users, system designers, device manufacturers and integrators. This publicly available specification focuses on cellular 5G terrestrial radio interfaces; non‑cellular NR+ (stand‑alone professional systems) are explicitly excluded. Note: as a PAS, it is a pre-standard subject to potential conversion into a standards series and will be withdrawn automatically after four years.

Key topics and technical requirements

The document covers broad technical topics critical to industrial 5G deployment, including:

• 5G system capabilities and architecture - network functions, device structure, and reference interfaces for industrial use.
• Use cases and requirements - industrial automation traffic models, performance indicators and functional requirements for measurement and control.
• Network deployment scenarios - isolated Non‑Public Networks (NPN), shared RAN approaches and NPNs deployed in public networks.
• Quality of Service (QoS) and network slicing - mechanisms for mapping industrial service needs onto 5G QoS and slice models.
• Integration with industrial technologies - Time‑Sensitive Networking (TSN), industrial Ethernet and distributed automation systems.
• Security and functional safety - security aspects for industrial 5G, device configuration protection and measures for functionally safe applications.
• Performance agreement, validation and testing - performance parameter concepts, monitoring, and selected testing/validation considerations.
• Environmental and device considerations - device types, interfaces, environmental conditions and deployment process guidance.

Practical applications

IEC PAS 63595 is intended to support practical 5G adoption in industrial settings, such as:

• Process plants and factory automation where wireless connectivity is needed for sensors, actuators, controllers and HMIs.
• Deployment of Non‑Public Networks (NPNs) to provide local control, privacy and deterministic behavior.
• Integration projects combining 5G with TSN to meet time‑sensitive control loop requirements.
• Performance assurance: defining service‑level specifications, testing regimes and monitoring plans for 5G-enabled industrial systems.

Who should use this standard

• Industrial network architects and automation engineers
• 5G system designers and network operators deploying industrial NPNs
• Device and module manufacturers for industrial 5G endpoints
• System integrators, test laboratories and procurement teams specifying performance and safety requirements

Related standards

Relevant references include 3GPP specifications (5G Release 15 and later) and ITU‑R IMT‑2020 for radio interface definitions. The PAS also cross‑references Time‑Sensitive Networking (TSN) and industrial Ethernet best practices where integration is required.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC PAS 63595 ®
Edition 1.0 2025-09
PUBLICLY AVAILABLE
SPECIFICATION
Industrial networks - 5G communication technology - General considerations

ICS 25.040.40; 33.020 ISBN 978-2-8327-0693-0

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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and conventions . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviated terms. 13
3.3 Conventions . 16
4 Considerations on 5th Generation mobile networking . 16
4.1 Overview . 16
4.2 Radio access technology and spectrum . 18
5 Considerations of 5G in industrial automation applications . 19
5.1 General . 19
5.2 5G background and challenges . 19
5.3 Use cases and requirements . 19
5.3.1 Key 5G use cases and requirements . 19
5.3.2 A 5G traffic model for industrial use cases . 19
5.3.3 5G for automation in industry . 20
5.4 5G system network architecture and capabilities . 20
5.4.1 Security aspects of 5G for industrial networks . 20
5.4.2 5G non-public networks for industrial scenarios. 21
5.4.3 Exposure of 5G capabilities for connected industries and automation

applications . 21
5.5 5G system integration with other technologies . 21
5.5.1 Integration of 5G with Time-Sensitive Networking for industrial
communications . 21
5.5.2 Integration of industrial Ethernet networks with 5G networks . 21
5.6 5G system integration with devices . 22
5.6.1 5G QoS for industrial automation . 22
5.6.2 Industrial 5G devices – architecture and capabilities . 22
5.7 Performance agreement and monitoring . 22
5.7.1 Selected testing and validation considerations for industrial
communication with 5G technologies . 22
5.7.2 Performance testing of 5G systems for industrial automation . 23
5.7.3 Service-level specifications for 5G technology-enabled connected
industries . 23
6 Use cases overview . 23
6.1 Typical Industrial deployment scenarios . 23
6.2 General 5G functional requirements . 24
6.3 Performance indicators . 26
7 General system architecture . 26
7.1 The industrial production system . 26
7.2 Technical plant system . 27
7.3 Distributed automation system . 27
7.3.1 Architecture . 27
7.3.2 Device types and data endpoint types . 28
7.3.3 Typical data connections and data traffic types . 29
7.4 Communication system . 32
7.5 Environmental conditions . 33
8 Conceptual model for 5G systems in industrial automation . 33
8.1 Conceptual model . 33
8.2 Reference interface . 36
8.3 Parameter concept. 37
8.3.1 General. 37
8.3.2 Parameter statements . 37
8.3.3 Parameter values . 38
8.4 Performance parameters . 39
8.4.1 General. 39
8.4.2 Performance parameters related to the application . 39
8.4.3 Performance parameters related to the wireless communication solution . 40
8.4.4 Performance parameters related to the radio environment . 40
8.5 Influencing quantity . 41
8.6 Quality of communication services . 42
9 Industrial communication infrastructure to be considered . 42
9.1 General . 42
9.2 Distributed automation system and industrial communication system . 42
9.3 Structure of a communication-enabled industrial automation device . 42
9.4 Interfaces of industrial communication systems. 43
9.5 Security requirements and measures . 44
9.6 Functional safety requirements and measures . 45
10 Key capabilities of 5G technologies for industrial automation. 46
10.1 General . 46
10.2 Network deployment scenarios . 46
10.3 Structure of 5G devices . 50
10.4 Interfaces of 5G systems . 52
10.4.1 General. 52
10.4.2 User interface to the 5G network terminal . 52
10.4.3 User interface to the 5G device management . 53
10.4.4 Enhancements in new 3GPP releases . 54
10.5 Quality of service . 56
10.6 Security . 57
11 Integration of 5G technologies into industrial automation . 59
11.1 General . 59
11.2 Industrial 5G network functions . 60
11.3 Industrial 5G device functions . 61
11.4 Interfaces for industrial 5G systems . 63
11.5 Integration of quality of service . 63
11.6 Integration of Security measures . 66
11.7 5G communication in functionally safe applications . 66
11.8 The deployment process of industrial 5G system. 66
Annex A (informative) 5G-ACIA White Papers of interest . 68
Bibliography . 70

Figure 1 – 5G in the context of industrial communication . 7
Figure 2 – 5G system network architecture. 17
Figure 3 – Typical industrial deployment scenarios . 24
Figure 4 – The position of the communication system in the context of the industrial
production system . 27
Figure 5 – Architecture of an automation system with spatially distributed automation
functions . 28
Figure 6 – Transfer interval in context of a cyclic production process . 31
Figure 7 – Access through 5G network . 32
Figure 8 – Conceptual model of a distributed automation system using a wireless
communication system . 34
Figure 9 – Conceptual model of a distributed automation system using an industrial 5G
system . 35
Figure 10 – Reference interface with gap to the wireless communication functions . 37
Figure 11 – Basic structure of a communication-enabled industrial automation device . 43
Figure 12 – Security of the configuration of devices . 45
Figure 13 – Deployment as isolated NPN . 47
Figure 14 – Deployment with shared RAN . 48
Figure 15 – Deployment with shared RAN and control plane . 49
Figure 16 – NPN deployed in public network . 50
Figure 17 – Top-level logical architecture of a 5G device . 51
Figure 18 – 5G network termination of a 5G device . 52
Figure 19 – 5G support for TSN synchronization . 55
Figure 20 – 5G QoS model . 56
Figure 21 – The transfer of AF information to 5G system QoS Parameters . 56
Figure 22 – Key elements of a distributed automation system interconnected by an
industrial 5G system . 60
Figure 23 – Basic structure of an industrial 5G device . 62

Table 1 – Possible reference interface hardware. 36
Table 2 – Possible reference interface software . 36
Table 3 – Examples of the three statements of influencing quantities and characteristic
parameters . 38
Table 4 – Industrial automation traffic types . 44
Table 5 – Network slicing scenarios . 58
Table A.1 – References to the 5G-ACIA White Papers. 69

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
Industrial networks - 5G communication technology -
General considerations
FOREWORD
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shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 63595 has been prepared by subcommittee 65C: Industrial networks, of IEC technical
committee 65: Industrial-process measurement, control and automation. It is a Publicly
Available Specification.
The text of this Publicly Available Specification is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
65C/1354/DPAS 65C/1362/RVDPAS
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this Publicly Available Specification is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 63595 series, published under the general title Industrial networks
– 5G communication technology, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
NOTE In accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, IEC PASs are automatically withdrawn after 4 years.

INTRODUCTION
The overall market for wireless communication solutions spans a range of diverse applications,
with differing performance and functional requirements. Within this overall market, the industrial
automation domain can include:
– process automation, covering for example the following industry branches:
• oil and gas, refining,
• chemical,
• pharmaceutical,
• mining,
• pulp & paper,
• water & wastewater,
• steel,
– electric power such as:
• power generation (for example wind turbine),
• power transmission and distribution (grid),
– factory automation, covering for example the following industry branches:
• food and beverage,
• automotive,
• machinery,
• semiconductor.
Application communication requirements for industrial wireless communication systems are
different from those of, for example, the telecommunications, and commercial and consumer
markets. These industrial application requirements are identified and provided in 5G-ACIA white
papers that are referenced by this document.
This document provides general requirements for industrial automation and spectrum
considerations that are the basis for industrial communication solutions.
Industrial premises can contain a variety of wireless communication technologies and other
sources of radio emissions.
In industrial automation, many different wireless communication solutions can operate in the
same premises. Different to wired fieldbuses, the wireless communication devices can interfere
with others on the same premises or environment, disturbing each other.
This document is intended to provide considerations on cellular wireless communication
systems according to the specifications of the terrestrial radio interfaces of International Mobile
Telecommunications-2020 (IMT-2020) for being applicable in wireless communication system
of industrial automation plants (see ITU-R M.2150-1:02/2022).
In Figure 1, a UML class diagram is used to categorize the term Industrial 5G, along with other
examples of standards for industrial wireless communications. Accordingly, Industrial 5G refers
to a set of functions for wireless data transmission using 5G in industrial automation
rd
applications. In this context, only the 3 Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5G radio
interface technologies (RIT) according to the detailed specifications of the terrestrial radio
interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications-2020 (IMT-2020) are considered
3GPP TR22.832.
The 3GPP is a collaborative project that brings together standardization organizations from
around the world to create globally acceptable specifications for mobile networks. As its name
implies, it was first created to establish such specifications for the third generation (3G) of
mobile systems. It has continued its work for subsequent generations, including the one
considered here, the fifth generation (5G).
As an application of cellular networks in industrial automation, the class "Industrial 5G" inherits
from both class "3GPP 5G – RIT" and class "wireless industrial communication".

Figure 1 – 5G in the context of industrial communication

1 Scope
This document defines wireless communication systems based on 5G and beyond technologies
applicable for industrial process measurement and control applications. Based on common
terminology, generic descriptions, and use cases, this document provides requirements for
related users, designers, and device manufacturers.
This document considers cellular wireless communication systems according to the
specifications of the terrestrial radio interfaces of International Mobile Telecommunications-
2020 (IMT-2020) developed by 3GPP as 5G Release 15 and beyond (see ITU-R
M.2150-1:02/2022).
NOTE 1 Non-cellular professional stand-alone wireless communication systems, also called NR+, are not
considered.
NOTE 2 The PAS is a pre-standard and can be converted into a series of documents for users, designers, and
device manufacturers.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and conventions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
5G device
user equipment that is part of a 5G system
3.1.2
5G functions
set of functions standardized by 3GPP for 5G communication and implemented in 5G devices
or 5G network equipment
3.1.3
5G network equipment
equipment that implements radio access network functions and core network functions
3.1.4
5G system
5G network
cellular network of the 5th generation and beyond
3.1.5
application adaption unit
set of functions of a 5G system that obtain QoS parameters of the application, compare them
with QoS parameters of the 5G system, negotiate QoS parameters between application and 5G
system and adjust QoS parameters
3.1.6
application communication requirements
quantitative requirements specifying the required conditions and the required characteristics of
wireless communication solutions at the communication interface that is met in order to achieve
the purpose of the automation application
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2, 3.1.7]
3.1.7
availability (performance)
ability to be in a state to perform as required under given conditions
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-01-23, modified – Figure 1 and the pertaining notes have
been deleted, Notes to entry 1 to 5 have been deleted.]
3.1.8
best effort traffic
data transmission with no constant or guaranteed delivery time
Note 1 to entry: This happens for example if admission control mechanisms like priority are not present or where
the effective bandwidth is shared among stations operating at different speeds, all varying on short timescales and
with that no deterministic behavior of the data transmission.
3.1.9
cellular network
mobile network
telecommunications network in which the connection to and from the end nodes is wireless and
the network is distributed over land areas known as cells, each served by at least one fixed
transceiver called base station
3.1.10
communication
act of conveying intended meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of
mutually understood signs and semiotic rules
3.1.11
communication cycle
closed sequence of functions for the realization of periodic data transmission determined by the
communication system
3.1.12
communication relationship
set of connections between communication endpoints for data transmission determined by the
communication system
3.1.13
communication system resilience
ability to maintain the intended communication application in the face of errors
3.1.14
communication technology
physical media usable in a communication system
3.1.15
concern
factor arise from system needs and requirements, from design choices and from implementation
and operating considerations throughout the life cycle
3.1.16
delivery time
time to convey a message containing data that has to be delivered in
real-time from one node (source) to another node (destination) plus the redundancy recovery
time
3.1.17
distributed automation system
set of interconnected automation devices that implement the functions of a spatially distributed
industrial automation application
3.1.18
down time
time interval for which the item is in a down state
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-02-21]
3.1.19
high availability
significantly increased availability of communication systems by using topologies and protocols
that introduce redundancy and automatically reconfigure redundant communication elements in
case of failure
3.1.20
industrial 5G functions
functions of a 5G system complemented by functions required to make use in distributed
automation systems
3.1.21
industrial 5G communication functions
subset of industrial 5G functions that directly serve data communication
3.1.22
industrial 5G communication management functions
subset of industrial 5G functions that serve the management of data communication
3.1.23
industrial 5G network
part of an industrial 5G system that implements radio access network functions and core
network functions
3.1.24
local automation function
sub-function that is assigned to a defined location in a distributed automation system
3.1.25
logical link
directed relationship between one end point of a reference interface of a source device and one
end point of a reference interface of a target device, which is determined by the application
3.1.26
network architecture
communication network architecture
set of layers and layer protocols that constitute the communication system
3.1.27
radio cell
range in which the signal transmitted by a base station of a cellular network can be received
and decoded without errors
3.1.28
radio environment
surroundings for the radio signal propagation with its passive environmental influences and
active environmental influences
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2, 3.1.94]
3.1.29
recovery
event when the network regains the ability to perform its required communication function after
a disruption
Note 1 to entry: Examples of disruptions could be a fault or removal and reinsertion of a component.
[SOURCE: IEC 62439-1:2010, 3.1.40]
3.1.30
recovery time
time period between disruption and recovery
[SOURCE: IEC 62439-1:2010, 3.1.41]
3.1.31
redundancy
provision of more than one means for performing a function
Note 1 to entry: The additional means of performing the function can be intentionally different (diverse) to reduce
the potential for common mode failures
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-192:2015, 192-10-02]
3.1.32
redundancy recovery time
maximum time from failure to become fully operational again in case
of a single permanent failure
Note 1 to entry: If a permanent failure occurs, then the delivery time of a message is equal to the redundancy
recovery time. In a seamless redundancy network, where the redundancy recovery time is 0 s, then the delivery time
is independent of the recovery time.
3.1.33
response time
time interval between the instant delivery of the first user data bit, or octet, of a message to the
reference interface of a transmitter, and the instant when the last bit, or octet, of the
confirmation message is delivered at the reference interface of the same transmitter, which can
be assigned to the request
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2, 3.1.105]
3.1.34
spatial dimension
reach
physical size in any direction
Note 1 to entry: Not limited to length, height or width.
Note 2 to entry: The average length of links times the number of hops is the special dimension in a bridged network.
3.1.35
time synchronization accuracy
time difference between clock signals provided at the reference interfaces of any of two wireless
devices
3.1.36
transmission time
interval from starting the delivery of the first application data octet of a message to the reference
communication interface of a producer until the delivery of the last application data octet of the
same message from the reference communication interface of a consumer
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2, 3.1.122]
3.1.37
update time
interval from the delivery of the last user data octet of the message of a producer, from the
reference interface of a consumer to the automation application, until the delivery of the last
user data byte of the following message of the same producer
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2, 3.1.126]
3.1.38
up time
time interval for which the item is in an up state
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-191:2015, 192-02-02]
3.1.39
user data
data which represent the states or events of a user process, without any additional data
Note 1 to entry: In the case of communication between safety-related equipment, the user data contain safety-
related data.
[SOURCE: IEV 821-11-57]
3.1.40
data throughput
ratio between the number of user data transferred to the application at the target reference
interface and the observation time
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2, 3.1.29]
3.1.41
user equipment
end device of a cellular network
3.1.42
wireless device
wireless automation device
equipment of wireless communication applications that uses radio waves for wireless
communication with other equipment of wireless communication applications
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2, 3.1.134]
3.1.43
wireless solution
wireless communication solution
specific implementation or instance of a wireless communication system
Note 1 to entry: A wireless solution can be composed of products of one or more producers.
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2, 3.1.142]
3.1.44
wireless system
wireless communication system
set of interrelated elements providing wireless communication
Note 1 to entry: A wireless system is a high-level representation of a system, while a wireless solution is a practical
instance of a system.
[SOURCE: IEC 62657-2, 3.1.143]
3.2 Abbreviated terms
(g)PTP gPTP in a 5G system
(R)AN (Radio) Access Network
3G Third Generation Mobile Networks
rd
3GPP 3 Generation Partnership Project
4G Fourth Generation Mobile Networks
5G Fifth Generation Mobile Networks
5G-ACIA 5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation
AF Application function
AFH Adaptive frequency hopping
AGV Automated guided vehicle
AKA Authentication and key agreement
AMF Access and mobility management function
APN Access point name
CEPT European conference of postal and telecommunications administrations
CNC Centralized network configuration
CP Communication profile according to IEC 61784-2
CSMA Carrier sense multiple access
DAA Detect and avoid
DAR Detect and reduce
DAS Detect and suppress
DECT Digital enhanced cordless telecommunications
DN Data network
DS-TT Device-side TSN translator
EAP Extensible authentication protocol
ECO European communications office (the electronic communications committee of
CEPT)
EIF Extensible authentication protocol identity function
EIRP Equivalent isotropic radiated power
eMBB Enhanced mobile broadband
eSIM Embedded subscriber identity module
FRER Frame replication and elimination for reliability
gPTP generalized Precision Time Protocol
GSM Global system for mobile communications
HMI Human machine interface
ICT information and communication technology
IF Intermediate frequency
IIoT Industrial Internet of things
IMT International mobile telecommunications
IP Internet protocol
IPv6 Internet protocol version 6
ISM Industrial, scientific and medical
IT Information technology
ITU International telecommunication union
ITU-R ITU Radiocommunication Sector
LAA License assisted access
LAN Local area network
LOS Line of sight
MAC Medium access control
ME Mobile equipment
MES Manufacturing execution system
MLR Message loss ratio
mMTC Massive machine-type communications
MT Mobile termination
N/A Not applicable
NAA Network authentication application
NEF Network Exposure Function
NF Network Functions
NLOS Non line of sight
NPN Non-public network
NR New radio
OFDM Orthogonal frequency division multiplex
OAM&P Operation, administration, maintenance, and provisioning
OSI Open systems interconnection
OT Operational technology
PCB Printed circuit board
PCF Policy Control Function
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCIe Peripheral Component Interconnect express
PCP Priority code points
PDU Protocol data unit
PHY Physical layer
PLC Programmable logic controller
PLMNID Public land mobile network identifier
PMIC Power management integrated circuit
PNI/NPN Public Network Integrated Non-Public Network
PSD Power spectral density
PTP Precision time protocol
QoS Quality of service
RAN Radio access network
RF Radio frequency
RFID Radio frequency identification
RIT Radio interface technologies
RSSI Received signal strength indication
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SIR Signal-to-interference ratio
SLA Service-level agreement
SLS Service-level specification
SMF Session Management Function
SNPN Standalone Non-Public Networks
SP Service provider
SPI Serial peripheral interface
TCP Transmission control protocol
TDMA Time division multiple access
TR Technical report
TRP Total radiated power
TS Technical Specification
TSi ingress TimeStamp
TSN Time Sensitive Networking
UART Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter
UDR unified data repository
UE User equipment
UHD Ultra high definition
UICC universal integrated circuit card
UMIC User-managed integrity protection control
UML Unified modeling language
UMTS Universal mobile telecommunications system
UPF User plane Function
URLLC Ultra-reliable and low latency communications
USB Universal serial bus
USIM Universal subscriber identity module
UTC Coordinated universal time
V2X Vehicle to anything
VLAN Virtual LAN
WD Wireless device
WIA-PA Wireless network for industrial automation – process automation
WLAN Wireless local area network
3.3 Conventions
Capitalization of the term Bridge means a device type according to IEEE Std 802.1Q.
The terms Ethernet and Internet are capitalized.
This document refers to the latest 3GPP release unless otherwise specified.
The term wired does not only refer to metallic wire but also includes glass fiber and polymer
optical fiber.
The graphical representations of flow charts in figures (e.g. Figure 8) are based on ISO 5807.
4 Considerations on 5th Generation mobile networking
4.1 Overview
th
5G is the 5 generation Mobile Network Technology specified by 3GPP organization. While
previous mobile network generations (up to 4G) were mainly focused on consumer applications
with phone, messaging and data transfer services, 3GPP 5G promises to provide new types of
communication services that are of relevance for industrial applications and adjacent verticals.
5G system network architecture is shown in Figure 2. In general, 5G system consists of three
planes to handle various network requirements.
– User plane: responsible for the transfer of user data, which includes all the data that is not
related to control signaling. This includes services such as voice calls, video streaming, web
browsing, and file transfers. It involves protocols and functions that handle the actual data
transmission from the user equipment (UE) to the network and vice versa. In 5G, user plane
includes UE, the Radio Access Network (RAN) and user plane function (UPF) from 5G core
network.
– Control plane: manages the signalling and control information that are necessary for the
establishment, maintenance, and release of data connections. This plane is responsible for
functions such as mobility management, session management, and radio resource control,
including core network functions such as access and mobility management function (AMF),
session management function (SMF) policy control function (PCF), network exposure
function (NEF), application function (AF), etc.
– Management plane: focus on the operation, administration, maintenance, and provisioning
(OAM&P) of the network. This plane includes network management systems and protocols
that are used for configuration, fault management, performance management, and security
management. It allows network administrators to monitor the health of the network,
configure network elements, and troubleshoot any issues. Management plane ensures that
the network can be running efficiently and that any network issues can be detected and
resolved promptly.
All relevant network functions (NF), interfaces and procedures are specified in 3GPP TS 23.501.
The major core network functionalities are selected and explained as below.
– Access and mobility management function (AMF) includes the functionality of registration
management, connection management, reachability management and mobility
management, etc. This function provides a control plane interface toward the user
equipment (UE).
– Session management function (SMF) includes the functionality of session management, UE
IP address allocation and management, etc.
– User plane function (UPF) includes for example the functionality of anchor point for mobility,
allocation of UE IP address and prefix (if supported) in response to SMF request, packet
routing and forwarding and QoS handling for user plane.
– Policy control function (PCF) includes the functionality of supporting unified policy
framework to govern network behavior, providing policy rules to control plane function(s) to
enforce them, access subscription information relevant for policy decisions in a unified data
repository (UDR).
– Network exposure function (NEF) supports exposure of capabilities of 5G network
capabilities toward entities external to 5G systems. The exposed capabilities can be
categorized as monitoring capability, provisioning capability, policy and charging capability
and analytics reporting capability.
– Application function (AF) interacts with the 3GPP core network in order to provide services,
for example to support the following: application influence on traffic routing, accessing
network exposure function, interacting with the policy framework for policy control, time
...