IEC 60146-1-1:2024
(Main)Semiconductor converters - General requirements and line commutated converters - Part 1-1: Specification of basic requirements
Semiconductor converters - General requirements and line commutated converters - Part 1-1: Specification of basic requirements
IEC 60146-1-1:2024 specifies the requirements for the performance of all semiconductor power converters and semiconductor power switches using controllable and/or non-controllable electronic valve devices. It is primarily intended to specify the basic requirements for converters in general and the requirements applicable to line commutated converters for conversion of AC power to DC power or vice versa. Parts of this document are also applicable to other types of electronic power converter provided that they do not have their own product standards.
This fifth edition introduces four main changes:
a) re-edition of the whole standard according to the current directives;
b) deletion of safety-related descriptions considering coordination with IEC 62477 series;
c) changes of calculation methods of inductive voltage regulation;
d) changes considering coordination with IEC 61378 series.
Convertisseurs à semiconducteurs - Exigences générales et convertisseurs commutés par le réseau - Partie 1-1: Spécification des exigences de base
L’IEC 60146-1-1:2024 spécifie les exigences relatives aux caractéristiques de fonctionnement de tous les convertisseurs de puissance à semiconducteurs, ainsi que des commutateurs de puissance à semiconducteurs utilisant des valves électroniques, commandables et/ou non commandables.
Le présent document est prévu en premier lieu pour spécifier les exigences de base applicables aux convertisseurs en général, ainsi que les exigences applicables aux convertisseurs commutés par le réseau, pour la conversion de puissance alternative en puissance continue ou vice versa. Certaines parties du présent document s’appliquent également à d’autres types de convertisseurs électroniques de puissance, sous réserve qu’il n’existe pas de normes de produit qui leur soient propres.
Cette cinquième édition introduit quatre modifications principales:
a) réédition de l’ensemble de la norme conformément aux directives en vigueur;
b) suppression des descriptions relatives à la sécurité, pour prendre en compte la coordination avec la série IEC 62477;
c) modifications des méthodes de calcul de la variation inductive de tension;
d) modifications pour prendre en compte la coordination avec la série IEC 61378.
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IEC 60146-1-1 ®
Edition 5.0 2024-03
COMMENTED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Semiconductor converters – General requirements and line commutated
converters –
Part 1-1: Specification of basic requirements
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
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IEC 60146-1-1 ®
Edition 5.0 2024-03
COMMENTED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Semiconductor converters – General requirements and line commutated
converters –
Part 1-1: Specification of basic requirements
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.200, 29.045 ISBN 978-2-8322-8575-6
– 2 – IEC 60146-1-1:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD .5
INTRODUCTION .7
1 Scope and object .8
2 Normative references .8
3 Terms and definitions . 10
3.1 Semiconductor devices and combinations . 11
3.2 Arms and connections . 15
3.3 Controllability of converter arms and quadrants of operation (on DC side) . 17
3.4 Commutation, quenching and commutation circuitry . 19
3.5 Commutation characteristics . 22
3.6 Rated values . 24
3.7 Specific voltages, currents and factors . 27
3.8 Cooling . 30
3.9 Service conditions tolerances and electromagnetic compatibility . 31
3.10 Harmonic distortion . 33
3.11 Definitions related to insulation co-ordination. 38
3.12 Principal letter symbols and subscripts . 42
4 Operation of semiconductor power equipment and valve devices . 44
4.1 Classification . 44
4.1.1 Semiconductor converter . 44
4.1.2 Semiconductor valve devices . 45
4.2 Basic operation of semiconductor converters . 46
4.2.1 Commutation . 46
4.2.2 Basic calculation factors for line commutated converters . 49
4.2.3 Disturbances and fault conditions . 51
5 Service conditions . 53
5.1 Code of identification for cooling method . 53
5.2 Environmental conditions . 54
5.2.1 Ambient air circulation . 54
5.2.2 Normal service conditions – Temperatures . 54
5.2.3 Other normal service conditions . 54
5.2.4 Unusual service conditions . 55
5.3 Characteristics of the load . 55
5.4 Service condition tolerances . 56
5.4.1 Steady state and short time conditions . 56
5.4.2 Repetitive and non-repetitive transients . 59
6 Power conversion equipment and assemblies . 59
6.1 Electrical connections . 59
6.2 Calculation factors . 60
6.2.1 Essential variables . 60
6.2.2 Losses and efficiency . 66
6.2.3 Power factor . 67
6.2.4 Voltage regulation . 67
6.3 Electromagnetic compatibility . 69
6.3.1 Harmonics . 69
6.3.2 Other EMC aspects . 70
6.4 Rated values . 71
6.4.1 General . 71
6.4.2 Rated output voltage . 71
6.4.3 Rated current values . 72
6.5 Duty classes . 72
6.5.1 Principles . 72
6.5.2 Selection of duty class and rated current value . 73
6.5.3 Particular remarks for double converters . 75
6.6 Markings . 75
6.6.1 General . 75
6.6.2 Rating plate . 75
7 Tests for valve device assemblies and power conversion equipment . 76
7.1 General . 76
7.1.1 Methods of testing . 76
7.1.2 Kinds of tests . 77
7.1.3 Performance of tests . 77
7.2 Insulation tests . 78
7.2.1 General . 78
7.2.2 Routine insulation tests of power conversion equipment . 78
7.2.3 Additional tests . 82
7.3 Functional test . 83
7.3.1 Light load test and functional test . 83
7.3.2 Rated current test . 83
7.3.3 Over-current capability test . 83
7.3.4 Measurement of the inherent voltage regulation . 83
7.3.5 Measurement of ripple voltage and current . 84
7.3.6 Measurement of harmonic currents . 84
7.4 Losses, temperature and power factor . 84
7.4.1 Power loss determination for assemblies and equipment. 84
7.4.2 Temperature rise test . 85
7.4.3 Power factor measurements . 86
7.5 Auxiliaries Auxiliary device and control equipment . 86
7.5.1 Checking of auxiliary devices . 86
7.5.2 Checking the properties of the control equipment . 86
7.5.3 Checking the protective devices . 86
7.6 EMC tests . 87
7.7 Measurement of audible noise and additional tests . 87
7.8 Tolerances . 87
Annex A (normative) Harmonics and interhamonics . 89
A.1 Non-sinusoidal voltages and currents . 92
A.2 Two approaches for definitions related to harmonics . 92
Annex B (informative) Electrical environment – Short-circuit ratio . 93
B.1 Electrical environment specification . 93
B.2 Point of coupling of the converter . 94
B.2.1 Systems and installations . 94
B.2.2 Short-circuit ratio of the source in the installation . 95
B.2.3 Short-circuit ratio . 96
Annex C (normative) Protection against electric shock and energy hazards .
– 4 – IEC 60146-1-1:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
Annex C (informative) Introduction to safety standards for power conversion
equipment . 102
C.1 General . 102
C.2 Brief introduction to IEC 62477 series with reference to IEC 60146 series . 102
C.3 Purposes or intentions of IEC 60146 series and IEC 62477 series . 102
Bibliography .
...
IEC 60146-1-1 ®
Edition 5.0 2024-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Semiconductor converters – General requirements and line commutated
converters –
Part 1-1: Specification of basic requirements
Convertisseurs à semiconducteurs – Exigences générales et convertisseurs
commutés par le réseau –
Partie 1-1: Spécification des exigences de base
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
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CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
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committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced With a subscription you will always have access to up to date
and withdrawn publications. content tailored to your needs.
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a month by email.
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IEC 60146-1-1 ®
Edition 5.0 2024-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Semiconductor converters – General requirements and line commutated
converters –
Part 1-1: Specification of basic requirements
Convertisseurs à semiconducteurs – Exigences générales et convertisseurs
commutés par le réseau –
Partie 1-1: Spécification des exigences de base
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.200, 29.045 ISBN 978-2-8322-8354-7
– 2 – IEC 60146-1-1:2024 © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 9
3.1 Semiconductor devices and combinations . 9
3.2 Arms and connections . 13
3.3 Controllability of converter arms and quadrants of operation (on DC side) . 15
3.4 Commutation, quenching and commutation circuitry . 16
3.5 Commutation characteristics . 18
3.6 Rated values . 20
3.7 Specific voltages, currents and factors . 23
3.8 Cooling . 25
3.9 Service conditions tolerances and electromagnetic compatibility . 26
3.10 Harmonic distortion . 28
3.11 Definitions related to insulation co-ordination . 32
3.12 Principal letter symbols and subscripts . 35
4 Operation of semiconductor power equipment and valve devices . 38
4.1 Classification . 38
4.1.1 Semiconductor converter . 38
4.1.2 Semiconductor valve devices . 39
4.2 Basic operation of semiconductor converters . 39
4.2.1 Commutation . 39
4.2.2 Basic calculation factors for line commutated converters . 41
4.2.3 Disturbances and fault conditions . 43
5 Service conditions . 45
5.1 Code of identification for cooling method . 45
5.2 Environmental conditions . 45
5.2.1 Ambient air circulation . 45
5.2.2 Normal service conditions – Temperatures . 46
5.2.3 Other normal service conditions . 46
5.2.4 Unusual service conditions . 47
5.3 Characteristics of the load . 47
5.4 Service condition tolerances . 48
5.4.1 Steady state and short time conditions . 48
5.4.2 Repetitive and non-repetitive transients . 50
6 Power conversion equipment and assemblies . 51
6.1 Electrical connections . 51
6.2 Calculation factors . 51
6.2.1 Essential variables . 51
6.2.2 Losses and efficiency . 56
6.2.3 Power factor . 57
6.2.4 Voltage regulation . 57
6.3 Electromagnetic compatibility . 59
6.3.1 Harmonics . 59
6.3.2 Other EMC aspects . 60
6.4 Rated values . 60
6.4.1 General . 60
6.4.2 Rated output voltage . 60
6.4.3 Rated current values . 61
6.5 Duty classes . 62
6.5.1 Principles . 62
6.5.2 Selection of duty class and rated current value . 63
6.5.3 Particular remarks for double converters . 64
6.6 Markings . 64
6.6.1 General . 64
6.6.2 Rating plate . 65
7 Tests for valve device assemblies and power conversion equipment . 65
7.1 General . 65
7.1.1 Methods of testing . 65
7.1.2 Kinds of tests . 66
7.1.3 Performance of tests . 66
7.2 Insulation tests . 67
7.2.1 General . 67
7.2.2 Routine insulation tests of power conversion equipment . 68
7.2.3 Additional tests . 71
7.3 Functional test . 71
7.3.1 Light load test and functional test . 71
7.3.2 Rated current test . 72
7.3.3 Over-current capability test . 72
7.3.4 Measurement of the inherent voltage regulation . 72
7.3.5 Measurement of ripple voltage and current . 72
7.3.6 Measurement of harmonic currents .
...
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