IEC TR 60728-3-2:2016
(Main)Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 3-2: Method of measurement of 5th order non-linearity for active electronic equipment using five carriers
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 3-2: Method of measurement of 5<sup>th</sup> order non-linearity for active electronic equipment using five carriers
IEC TR 60728-3-2:2016(E) is applicable to the measurement of 5th order non-linearity for active electronic equipment which carries only digitally modulated television signals, sound signals and signals for interactive services. This method of measurement is specifically applicable to MATV installations but could be applied to broadband and channel selective amplifiers used in all kinds of cable networks.
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC TR 60728-3-2
Edition 1.0 2016-10
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 3-2: Method of measurement of 5 order non-linearity for active electronic
equipment using five carriers
IEC TR 60728-3-2:2016-10(en)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
Copyright © 2016 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The stand-alone application for consulting the entire The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, electrical terms containing 20 000 terms and definitions in
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other English and French, with equivalent terms in 15 additional
documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
iPad. Vocabulary (IEV) online.IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a 65 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
CISPR.IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
details all new publications released. Available online and If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
also once a month by email. need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: csc@iec.ch.---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IEC TR 60728-3-2
Edition 1.0 2016-10
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 3-2: Method of measurement of 5 order non-linearity for active electronic
equipment using five carriers
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.060.40; 33.170 ISBN 978-2-8322-3646-8
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – IEC TR 60728-3-2:2016 © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 6
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................ 7
2 Normative references..................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms ......................................................... 7
3.1 Terms and definitions ............................................................................................ 7
3.2 Symbols ................................................................................................................ 9
3.3 Abbreviated terms ................................................................................................. 9
4 Method of measurement of 5 order non-linearity for active electronic equipmentusing five carriers ........................................................................................................ 10
4.1 General ............................................................................................................... 10
4.2 Equipment required ............................................................................................. 11
4.3 Connection of the equipment ............................................................................... 11
rd th4.4 Measurement procedure for 3 order and 5 order intermodulation
products .............................................................................................................. 11
4.5 Measurement procedure for 2 order intermodulation products ........................... 13
4.6 Presentation of the results ................................................................................... 13
4.7 Estimated maximum usable output level with a higher number of channels ........... 14
4.8 Setting of the 5 carriers frequencies for narrow-band equipment .......................... 14
5 Equipment characteristics required to be published ...................................................... 14
6 Example of measurement results ................................................................................. 15
Annex A (informative) Examples of measurement frequencies for channel spacing of
7 MHz and 8 MHz ............................................................................................................... 16
A.1 Wide-band equipment ......................................................................................... 16
A.1.1 General ....................................................................................................... 16
A.1.2 Operating frequency range: VHF .................................................................. 16
A.1.3 Operating frequency range: UHF .................................................................. 16
A.2 Narrow-band equipment ...................................................................................... 17
A.2.1 General ....................................................................................................... 17
A.2.2 Operating frequency range: VHF .................................................................. 17
A.2.3 Operating frequency range: UHF .................................................................. 17
Annex B (informative) Examples of measurement frequencies for channel spacing of
6 MHz................................................................................................................................. 20
B.1 Wide-band equipment ......................................................................................... 20
B.1.1 General ....................................................................................................... 20
B.1.2 Operating frequency range: VHF .................................................................. 20
B.1.3 Operating frequency range: UHF .................................................................. 20
B.2 Narrow-band equipment ...................................................................................... 21
B.2.1 General ....................................................................................................... 21
B.2.2 Operating frequency range: VHF .................................................................. 21
B.2.3 Operating frequency range: UHF .................................................................. 21
Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 1 – Measurement configuration with 5 carriers .......................................................... 11
Figure 2 – The five carriers equally spaced at distance D and the intermodulation
products ............................................................................................................................. 12
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------IEC TR 60728-3-2:2016 © IEC 2016 – 3 –
Figure 3 – Example of measurement results using the measuring method with 5
carriers ............................................................................................................................... 15
Table A.1 – Allocation of measurement carrier frequencies (MHz) and intermodulation
products in VHF – Band III .................................................................................................. 16
Table A.2 – Allocation of measurement carrier frequencies (MHz) and intermodulation
products in UHF – Band IV .................................................................................................. 16
Table A.3 – Allocation of measurement carrier frequencies (MHz) and intermodulation
products in UHF – Band V (Low part) .................................................................................. 16
Table A.4 – Allocation of measurement carrier frequencies (MHz) and intermodulation
products in UHF – Band V (High part) ................................................................................. 17
Table A.5 – Allocation of measurement carrier frequencies (MHz) and intermodulation
products in VHF – Band III, narrow-band equipment ............................................................ 17
Table A.6 – Allocation of measurement carrier frequencies (MHz) and intermodulation
products in UHF – Band IV, narrow-band equipment ............................................................ 18
Table A.7 – Allocation of measurement carrier frequencies (MHz) and intermodulation
products in UHF – Band V, narrow-band equipment ............................................................. 19
Table B.1 – Allocation of measurement carrier frequencies (MHz) and intermodulation
products in VHF – Band III .................................................................................................. 20
Table B.2 – Allocation of measurement carrier frequencies (MHz) and intermodulation
products in UHF – Band IV .................................................................................................. 20
Table B.3 – Allocation of measurement carrier frequencies (MHz) and intermodulation
products in UHF – Band V (Low part) .................................................................................. 20
Table B.4 – Allocation of measurement carrier frequencies (MHz) and intermodulation
products in UHF – Band V (High part) ................................................................................. 21
Table B.5 – Allocation of measurement carrier frequencies (MHz) and intermodulation
products in VHF – Band III, narrow-band equipment ............................................................ 21
Table B.6 – Allocation of measurement carrier frequencies (MHz) and intermodulation
products in UHF – Band IV, narrow-band equipment ............................................................ 22
Table B.7 – Allocation of measurement carrier frequencies (MHz) and intermodulation
products in UHF – Band V, narrow-band equipment ............................................................. 23
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------– 4 – IEC TR 60728-3-2:2016 © IEC 2016
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 3-2: Method of measurement of 5 order non-linearity
for active electronic equipment using five carriers
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".IEC TR 60728-3-2, which is a technical report, has been prepared by technical area 5: Cable
networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services, of IEC technical
committee 100: Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment.---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
IEC TR 60728-3-2:2016 © IEC 2016 – 5 –
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
100/2708/DTR 100/2761/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.The list of all parts of the IEC 60728 series, under the general title, Cable networks for
television signals, sound signals and interactive services, can be found on the IEC website.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correctunderstanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
– 6 – IEC TR 60728-3-2:2016 © IEC 2016
INTRODUCTION
Standards and deliverables of the IEC 60728 series deal with cable networks including
equipment and associated methods of measurement for headend reception, processing and
distribution of television and sound signals, and for processing, interfacing and transmitting all
kinds of data signals for interactive services using all applicable transmission media. These
signals are typically transmitted in networks by frequency-multiplexing techniques.
This includes, for instance:• regional and local broadband cable networks,
• extended satellite and terrestrial television distribution systems,
• individual satellite and terrestrial television receiving systems,
and all kinds of equipment, systems and installations used in such cable networks, distribution
and receiving systems.The extent of this standardization work is from the antennas and/or special signal source
inputs to the headend or other interface points to the network up to the terminal input of the
equipment on the customer's premises.The standardization work will consider coexistence with users of the RF spectrum in wired
and wireless transmission systems.The standardization of any user terminals (i.e. tuners, receivers, decoders, multimedia
terminals etc.) as well as of any coaxial, balanced and optical cables and accessories thereof
is excluded.---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
IEC TR 60728-3-2:2016 © IEC 2016 – 7 –
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 3-2: Method of measurement of 5 order non-linearity
for active electronic equipment using five carriers
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60728 is applicable to the measurement of 5 order non-linearity for active
electronic equipment which carries only digitally modulated television signals, sound signals
and signals for interactive services. This method of measurement is specifically applicable to
MATV installations but could be applied to broadband and channel selective amplifiers used in
all kinds of cable networks.NOTE 1 The methods of measurement of non-linearity (intermodulation products) applicable to active equipment,
when loaded with analogue signals, considered that third order intermodulation products were the most important
ones. The new era of television digital signals, transmitted according to DVB-S/S2, DVB-C/C2 and DVB-T/T2
modulation formats, has shown that the non-linear distortions (intermodulation products) in active equipment, when
loaded with digital signals, are significant up to the 5 order.NOTE 2 With this method of measurement it is possible to obtain information on non-linear distortions
(intermodulation products) up to the 5 order in active wideband equipment, using only 5 carriers, placed in an
appropriate and suitable way in the equipment bandwidth. Moreover, with this method of measurement it is
possible to obtain information on non-linear distortions (up to the 5 order) in narrowband equipment (channel
amplifiers and channel frequency converters) carrying DVB-C/C2 and/or DVB-T/T2 signals.
2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.IEC 60728-3, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 3: Active wideband equipment for cable networks3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60728-3 and the
following apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
extended satellite television distribution network or system
distribution network or system designed to provide sound and television signals received by a
satellite receiving antenna to households in one or more buildingsNote 1 to entry: This kind of network or system could be combined with terrestrial antennas for the additional
reception of TV and/or radio signals via terrestrial networks.---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
– 8 – IEC TR 60728-3-2:2016 © IEC 2016
Note 2 to entry: This kind of network or system could also carry control signals for satellite switched systems or
other signals for special transmission systems (e.g. MoCA or WiFi) in the return path direction.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-1:2014, 3.1.35]3.1.2
extended terrestrial television distribution network or system
distribution network or system designed to provide sound and television signals received by a
terrestrial receiving antenna to households in one or more buildingsNote 1 to entry: This kind of network or system could be combined with a satellite antenna for the additional
reception of TV and/or radio signals via satellite networks.Note 2 to entry: This kind of network or system could also carry other signals for special transmission systems
(e.g. MoCA or WiFi) in the return path direction.[SOURCE: IEC 60728-1:2014, 3.1.36]
3.1.3
individual satellite television receiving system
system designed to provide sound and television signals received from one or more satellites
to an individual householdNote 1 to entry: This kind of system could also carry control signals for satellite switched systems or other signals
for special transmission systems (e.g. MoCA or WiFi) in the return path direction.
[SOURCE: IEC 60728-1:2014, 3.1.51]3.1.4
individual terrestrial television receiving system
system designed to provide sound and television signals received via terrestrial broadcast
networks to an individual householdNote 1 to entry: This kind of system could also carry other signals for special transmission systems (e.g. MoCA or
WiFi) in the return path direction.[SOURCE: IEC 60728-1:2014, 3.1.52]
3.1.5
local broadband cable network
network designed to provide sound and television signals as well as signals for interactive
services to a local area (e.g. one town or one village)[SOURCE: IEC 60728-1:2014, 3.1.56]
3.1.6
MATV network
extended terrestrial television distribution networks or systems designed to provide sound and
television signals received by terrestrial receiving antennas to households in one or more
buildingsNote 1 to entry: Originally defined as Master Antenna Television network.
Note 2 to entry: This kind of network or system could be combined with a satellite antenna for the additional
reception of TV and/or radio signals via satellite networks.Note 3 to entry: This kind of network or system could also carry other signals for special transmission systems
(e.g. MoCA or WiFi) in the return path direction.[SOURCE: IEC 60728-1:2014, 3.1.60]
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
IEC TR 60728-3-2:2016 © IEC 2016 – 9 –
3.1.7
regional broadband cable network
network designed to provide sound and television signals as well as signals for interactive
services to a regional area covering several towns and/or villages[SOURCE: IEC 60728-1:2014, 3.1.75]
3.1.8
maximum operating output level
output level of the EUT when measured with an input signal containing five carriers equally
spaced, at distance D, that produces a given C/I intermodulation ratio at frequencies −2D,
−D lower than the lowest carrier and at frequencies +D, +2D higher than the highest carrier of
the applied signalSEE: Figure 2.
3.2 Symbols
The following graphical symbols are used in the figures of this document. These symbols are
either listed in IEC 60617 or based on symbols defined in IEC 60617.Symbols Terms Symbols Terms
sine-wave generator variable attenuator
[IEC 60617-S01226 (2001-07)] [IEC 60617-S01245 (2001-07)]
combiner based on spectrum analyzer (electrical) based
∑ P(f)
[IEC 60617-S00059 (2001-07)] on [IEC 60617-S00910 (2001-07)]
equipment under test based on
EUT
[IEC 60617-S00059 (2001-07)]
3.3 Abbreviated terms
DVB Digital Video Broadcasting
EUT Equipment Under Test
MATV Master Antenna TeleVision (system)
MoCA Multimedia over Coax Alliance
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
RF Radio Frequency
UHF Ultra-High Frequency
VHF Very-High Frequency
U maximum operating output level with five carriers applied
M5C
U maximum operating output level with N carriers applied
MNC
WiFi synonym of WLAN
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
– 10 – IEC TR 60728-3-2:2016 © IEC 2016
4 Method of measurement of 5 order non-linearity for active electronic
equipment using five carriers
4.1 General
Active equipment (e.g. amplifiers) has a non-linear behaviour mainly due to the third and fifth
order components of the transfer (input-output) characteristic approximated by the formula:
2 3 4 5V = k V + k V + k V + k V + k V (1)
u 1 in 2 in 3 in 4 in 5 in
The gain of the active equipment (amplifier) is directly related to the k value.
The measurement method of non-linearity for active equipment using five carriers allows
rd thanalysis of the importance and contribution of both the 3 and 5 order intermodulation
products within the active equipment bandwidth.The method of measurement requires that five carriers, equally spaced at a distance D, be
applied at the input of the active equipment:V = V cos (2πf t) + V cos (2πf t) + V cos (2πf t) + V cos (2πf t) + V cos (2πf t) (2)
in i i j j k k z z w wrd th
Measurements are made at the frequencies of 3 and 5 order intermodulation products with
significant levels, namely:– 3 order (e.g. at f + f − f = f − D and at −f + f + f = f + D) (beats of 3 carriers) (3)
i j k i k z w w– 3 order (e.g. at f + f − f = f − 2D and at −f + f + f = f + 2D) (beats of 3 carriers) (4)
i j z i j z w w– 5 order (e.g. at f + f − f + f − f = f − 2D and at −f + f − f + f + f = f + 2D)
i j k z w i i j k z w w(beats of 5 carriers) (5)
– 5 order (e.g. at 2f − f + f − f = f − 2D or at 2f − f + f − f = f − D
i j k z i j k z w i
and at 2f − f + f − f = f + D or at 2f − f + f − f = f + 2D) (beats of 4 carriers) (6)
z k j i w w z k j wrd th
It is important to note that 3 order and 5 order intermodulation products both fall at the
same frequencies which are:– at distance D below the first carrier and at distance D above the fifth carrier,
– at distance 2D below the first carrier and at distance 2D above the fifth carrier.
The method of measurement also allows the determination of the 2 order intermodulation
products at frequencies that are (besides the 2 harmonic frequency of each carrier) at the
sum and difference frequency of the 5 applied carriers:– 2 order at D, 2D, 3D, 4D (frequency difference of two applied carriers
(beats of 2 carriers)
(e.g. f − f = D, f − f = 2D, f − f = 3D, f − f = 4D)
w z w k w j w i
– 2 order at the frequency sum of two applied carriers (beats of 2 carriers)
(e.g.: f + f = 2f + D and f + f = 2f − D, ..f + f = 2f + D and f + f =
i j i i j j j k j j k
2f − D,…… ...f + f = 2f + 2D and f + f = 2f − 2D,………..
k i k i i k k
f + f = 2f + 3D and f + f = 2f − 3D, ……….…f + f =
i z i i z z i w
2f + 4D and f + f = 2f − 4D, ...etc.
i i w w
i.e.: in many cases these products are at the second harmonic frequency of each carrier
±D, ±2D, ±3D, ±4D).---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
IEC TR 60728-3-2:2016 © IEC 2016 – 11 –
4.2 Equipment required
The equipment required is:
a) five sine-wave signal generators able to produce the five carriers at a suitable level;
b) a combiner for the output signals of the five signal generators, with negligible distortion
and suitable isolation for the applied signals;c) precision attenuators (1 dB steps) to be placed before an
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.