IEC 61340-5-1:2024
(Main)Electrostatics - Part 5-1: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena - General requirements
Electrostatics - Part 5-1: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena - General requirements
IEC 61340-5-1:2024 applies to organizations that: manufacture, process, assemble, install, package, label, service, test, inspect, transport, or otherwise handle electrical or electronic parts, assemblies and equipment with withstand voltages greater than or equal to 100 V human body model (HBM) and 200 V charge device model (CDM). Also, protection from isolated conductors is addressed by limiting the voltage on isolated conductors to less than 35 V. ESDS with lower withstand voltages can require additional control elements or adjusted limits. Processes designed to handle items that have lower ESD withstand voltage(s) can still claim compliance to this document. This document provides the requirements for an ESD control program. IEC TR 61340-5-2 provides guidance on the implementation of this document. This document does not apply to electrically initiated explosive devices, flammable liquids, gases, and powders. The purpose of this document is to provide the administrative and technical requirements for establishing, implementing, and maintaining an ESD control program (hereinafter referred to as the “program”). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) definitions have been added to the document;
b) updates to product qualification requirements;
c) subclause 5.3.3 now includes a reference to groundable static control garment systems;
d) Table 2 was replaced;
e) subclause 5.3.4.2 was updated to define what an insulator is;
f) subclause 5.3.4.3 was updated to include a definition for isolated conductor;
g) Table 3 was updated, technical items added, including a reference to IEC 61340-5-4 for compliance verification testing;
h) Table 4 was added as a summary of the requirements in IEC 61340-5-3 and to include requirements for compliance verification of packaging;
i) Annex A was replaced: the former Annex is no longer required. Annex A are examples of tailoring.
Electrostatique - Partie 5-1: Protection des dispositifs électroniques contre les phénomènes électrostatiques - Exigences générales
L'IEC 61340-5-1:2024 s'applique aux organisations concernant: la fabrication, le traitement, l'assemblage, l'installation, l'emballage, l'étiquetage, l'entretien, l'essai, l'examen, le transport ou bien la manipulation des pièces, des ensembles et des équipements électriques ou électroniques qui présentent des tensions de tenue supérieures ou égales à 100 V sur le modèle du corps humain (HBM) et 200 V sur le modèle de dispositif chargé (CDM). En outre, la protection des conducteurs isolés est procurée en limitant la tension sur les conducteurs isolés à moins de 35 V. Les ESDS qui présentent des tensions de tenue inférieures peuvent exiger des éléments de maîtrise supplémentaires ou des limites adaptées. Les processus conçus pour manipuler des éléments qui présentent une ou plusieurs tensions de tenue aux DES inférieures peuvent toujours être déclarés conformes au présent document. Le présent document fournit les exigences relatives à un programme de maîtrise des DES. L'IEC TR 61340-5-2 fournit des recommandations pour la mise en œuvre du présent document. Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux dispositifs explosifs à déclenchement électronique ni aux liquides, gaz et poudres inflammables. L'objectif du présent document est de fournir les exigences administratives et techniques pour l'établissement, la mise en œuvre et la maintenance d'un programme de maîtrise des DES (ci‑après dénommé "programme"). Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) des définitions ont été ajoutées au document;
b) les exigences de qualification produit ont été mises à jour;
c) le 5.3.3 inclut désormais une a référence aux systèmes de vêtements de contrôle des DES pouvant être reliés à la terre;
d) le Tableau 2 a été remplacé;
e) le 5.3.4.2 a été mis à jour pour définir ce qu'est un isolant;
f) le 5.3.4.3 a été mis à jour pour inclure une définition de ce qu'est un conducteur isolé;
g) le Tableau 3 a été mis à jour, des éléments techniques ont été ajoutés, y compris une référence à l'IEC 61340-5-4 pour les essais de vérification de conformité;
h) le Tableau 4 été ajouté pour récapituler les exigences de l'IEC 61340-5-3 et inclure les exigences relatives à la vérification de la conformité des emballages;
i) l'Annexe A été remplacée, l'ancienne annexe n'étant plus nécessaire. L'Annexe A donne des exemples d'adaptation.
General Information
Relations
Overview
IEC 61340-5-1:2024 - Electrostatics: Part 5-1 - defines general requirements for protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena. It specifies the administrative and technical elements needed to establish, implement, and maintain an ESD control program for organizations that manufacture, process, assemble, install, package, label, service, test, inspect, transport or otherwise handle electrical/electronic parts and equipment. The standard targets items with ESD withstand voltages ≥ 100 V (HBM) and 200 V (CDM), and addresses isolated conductors by limiting voltage to < 35 V.
Key Topics and Requirements
- Scope & exclusions: Applies to typical electronic manufacturing and handling activities; excludes electrically initiated explosive devices and volatile flammables (liquids, gases, powders).
- ESD control program: Administrative and technical program requirements including program plan, training, product qualification plan, and compliance verification plan.
- Personnel safety: Requirements and considerations for safe implementation of ESD control measures.
- Grounding / equipotential bonding: Rules for grounding systems and bonding to create equipotential environments that prevent discharge to ESD sensitive devices (ESDS).
- Personnel grounding: Requirements for wrist straps, footwear, and groundable garment systems (note: the 2024 edition adds reference to groundable static control garment systems).
- ESD Protected Areas (EPA): Definition, control zone elements, and technical items for establishing EPAs; updated Table 3 in this edition lists EPA technical requirements.
- Insulators and isolated conductors: Updated definitions and process controls for insulating materials and isolated conductors.
- Packaging and marking: Requirements for static-protective packaging and labeling, summarized in new Table 4; includes compliance verification for packaging.
- Product qualification & testing: Updated product qualification requirements; compliance verification references IEC 61340-5-4 for testing methods.
- Tailoring: Examples and guidance on tailoring an ESD program to specific processes (Annex A replaced with tailoring examples).
Practical Applications and Who Uses It
IEC 61340-5-1:2024 is used by:
- Electronic manufacturers and contract manufacturers (PCBs, semiconductors, modules)
- Test, inspection and repair facilities
- Packaging and logistics organizations handling ESDS
- Quality, EHS and process engineers implementing ESD controls
- Suppliers who must qualify products or packaging for ESD-sensitive supply chains
Benefits include reduced ESD-induced failures, consistent compliance verification, and clearer contractual and process requirements across global supply chains.
Related Standards
- IEC TR 61340-5-2 - guidance on implementing IEC 61340-5-1
- IEC 61340-5-3 - materials and packaging specifications
- IEC 61340-5-4 - compliance verification testing methods
- IEC TR 61340-5-5 - additional electrostatic control guidance
Keywords: IEC 61340-5-1, electrostatics, ESD control program, electrostatic discharge, EPA, HBM, CDM, isolated conductor, grounding, compliance verification.
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 61340-5-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-05
COMMENTED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
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Electrostatics –
Part 5-1: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena –
General requirements
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IEC 61340-5-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-05
COMMENTED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Electrostatics –
Part 5-1: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena –
General requirements
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 17.220.99, 29.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-8964-8
– 2 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD .3
INTRODUCTION .5
1 Scope .7
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms .8
3.1 Terms and definitions .8
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 10
4 Personnel safety . 10
5 ESD control program . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.1.1 ESD control program requirements . 10
5.1.2 ESD control program manager or coordinator . 10
5.1.3 Tailoring . 10
5.2 ESD control program administrative requirements . 11
5.2.1 ESD control program plan . 11
5.2.2 Training plan . 11
5.2.3 Product qualification plan . 11
5.2.4 Compliance verification plan . 12
5.3 ESD control program plan technical requirements . 13
5.3.1 General . 13
5.3.2 Grounding/equipotential bonding systems . 13
5.3.3 Personnel grounding . 15
5.3.4 ESD protected areas (EPA) . 17
5.3.5 Packaging . 20
5.3.6 Marking . 21
Annex A (normative) Test methods .
Annex A (informative) Tailoring examples . 23
Bibliography . 25
List of comments . 26
Figure 1 – Schematic of an EPA with a ground reference. 14
Figure 2 – Schematic of an equipotential bonding system . 15
Figure A.1 – Footwear functional testing (example) .
Table 1 – Grounding/bonding requirements . 15
Table 2 – Personnel grounding requirements . 16
Table 3 – EPA technical requirements . 19
Table 4 – Packaging requirements . 21
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROSTATICS –
Part 5-1: Protection of electronic devices from
electrostatic phenomena – General requirements
FOREWORD
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This commented version (CMV) of the official standard IEC 61340-5-1:2024 edition 3.0
allows the user to identify the changes made to the previous IEC 61340-5-1:2016
edition 2.0. Furthermore, comments from IEC TC 101 experts are provided to explain
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This publication contains the CMV and the official standard. The full list of comments is
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– 4 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
IEC 61340-5-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 101: Electrostatics. It is an
International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2016. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) definitions have been added to the document;
b) updates to product qualification requirements;
c) subclause 5.3.3 now includes a reference to groundable static control garment systems;
d) Table 2 was replaced;
e) subclause 5.3.4.2 was updated to define what an insulator is;
f) subclause 5.3.4.3 was updated to include a definition for isolated conductor;
g) Table 3 was updated, technical items added, including a reference to IEC 61340-5-4 for
compliance verification testing;
h) Table 4 was added as a summary of the requirements in IEC 61340-5-3 and to include
requirements for compliance verification of packaging;
i) Annex A was replaced: the former Annex is no longer required. Annex A are examples of
tailoring.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
101/705A/FDIS 101/710/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
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at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61340 series, published under the general title Electrostatics, can
be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
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INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 61340 covers the requirements necessary to design, establish, implement and
maintain an electrostatic discharge (ESD) control program for activities that: manufacture,
process, assemble, install, package, label, service, test, inspect, transport, or otherwise handle
electrical or electronic parts, assemblies, and equipment susceptible to damage by electrostatic
discharges greater than or equal to 100 V human body model (HBM), 200 V charged device
model (CDM), and 35 V on isolated conductors. Isolated conductors were historically
represented by machine model (MM). The 35 V limit is related to the level achievable using
ionizers specified in this document. The MM test is no longer required for qualification of
devices, only the HBM and CDM tests are. The MM test is retained in this standard for process
control of isolated conductors only. 1
Any contact and physical separation of materials or flow of solids, liquids, or particle-laden
gases can generate electrostatic charges. Common sources of ESD include charged:
personnel, conductors, common polymeric materials, and processing equipment. ESD damage
can occur when:
• a charged person or object comes into contact with an ESD sensitive device (ESDS);
• an ESDS comes into direct contact with a highly conductive surface while exposed to an
electrostatic field;
• a charged ESDS comes into contact with another conductive surface which is at a different
electrical potential. This surface may or may not can be grounded or ungrounded.
Examples of ESDS are microcircuits, discrete semiconductors, thick and thin film resistors,
hybrid devices, printed circuit boards and piezoelectric crystals. It is possible to determine
device and item susceptibility by exposing the device to simulated ESD events. The ESD
withstand voltage determined by sensitivity tests using simulated ESD events does not
necessarily represent the ability of the device to withstand ESD from real sources at that voltage
level. However, the levels of sensitivity are used to establish a baseline of susceptibility data
for comparison of devices with equivalent part numbers from different manufacturers. Three
different models have been used for qualification of electronic components – HBM, MM, and
CDM. In current practice devices are qualified only using HBM and CDM susceptibility tests.
This document covers the ESD control program requirements necessary for setting up a
program to handle ESDS, based on the historical experience of both military and commercial
organizations. The fundamental ESD control principles that form the basis of this document are
as follows.
• Avoid a discharge from any charged, conductive object (personnel and especially automated
handling equipment) into the ESDS. This can be accomplished by bonding or electrically
connecting all conductors in the environment, including personnel, to a known ground or
contrived ground (as on board ship or on aircraft). This attachment creates an equipotential
balance between all conducting objects and personnel. Electrostatic protection can be
maintained at a potential different from a “zero” voltage ground potential as long as all
conductive objects in the system are at the same potential.
• Avoid a discharge from any charged ESD sensitive device. Charging can result from direct
contact and separation or it can be induced by an electric field. Necessary insulators in the
environment cannot lose their electrostatic charge by attachment to ground. Ionization
systems provide neutralization of charges on these necessary insulators (circuit board
materials and some device packages are examples of necessary insulators). The ESD
hazard created by electrostatic charges on the necessary insulators in the workplace is
assessed to ensure that appropriate actions are implemented, according to the risk.
– 6 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
• Once outside of an electrostatic discharge protected area (hereinafter referred to as an
EPA) it is generally not possible to control the above items; therefore, ESD protective
packaging may can be required. ESD protection can be achieved by enclosing ESD sensitive
products in static protective materials, although the type of material depends on the situation
and destination. Inside an EPA, static dissipative materials may can provide adequate
protection. Outside an EPA, static discharge shielding materials are recommended. Whilst
all of these materials are not discussed in this document, it is important to recognize the
differences in their application. For more information see IEC 61340-5-3 and IEC TR 61340-
5-5 [1] .
Each organization has different processes, and so will require a different blend of ESD
prevention measures for an optimum ESD control program. Measures should be selected,
based on technical necessity, and carefully documented in an ESD control program plan, so
that all concerned can be sure of the program requirements.
Training is an essential part of an ESD control program in order to ensure that the personnel
involved understand the equipment and procedures they are to use in order to be in compliance
with the ESD control program plan. Training is also essential in raising awareness and
understanding of ESD issues. Without training, personnel are often a major source of ESD risk.
With training, they become an effective first line of defence against ESD damage. Product
qualification ensures that equipment sourced for use in the ESD control program meets the
technical requirements before it is placed in service.
A product qualification plan details the criteria to be used for selection of ESD control items.
Regular compliance verification checks and tests are essential to ensure that equipment
remains effective and that the ESD control program is correctly implemented in compliance with
the ESD control program plan.
_____________
n square brackets refer to the bibliography.
Numbers i
ELECTROSTATICS –
Part 5-1: Protection of electronic devices from
electrostatic phenomena – General requirements
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61340 applies to organizations that: manufacture, process, assemble, install,
package, label, service, test, inspect, transport, or otherwise handle electrical or electronic
parts, assemblies and equipment with withstand voltages greater than or equal to 100 V human
body model (HBM) and 200 V charge device model (CDM) and 35 V for isolated conductors.
Also, protection from isolated conductors is addressed by limiting the voltage on isolated
conductors to less than 35 V. ESDS with lower withstand voltages may can require additional
control elements or adjusted limits. Processes designed to handle items that have lower ESD
withstand voltage(s) can still claim compliance to this document.
This document provides the requirements for an ESD control program. IEC TR 61340-5-2 [2]
provides guidance on the implementation of this document.
This document does not apply to electrically initiated explosive devices, flammable liquids,
gases, and powders.
The purpose of this document is to provide the administrative and technical requirements for
establishing, implementing, and maintaining an ESD control program (hereinafter referred to as
the “program”).
NOTE Isolated conductors were historically represented by MM.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 61340-2-3, Electrostatics – Part 2-3: Methods of test for determining the resistance and
resistivity of solid planar materials used to avoid electrostatic charge accumulation
IEC 61340-4-1, Electrostatics – Part 4-1: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Electrical resistance of floor coverings and installed floors
IEC 61340-4-3, Electrostatics – Part 4-3: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Footwear
IEC 61340-4-5, Electrostatics – Part 4-5: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Methods for characterizing the electrostatic protection of footwear and flooring in combination
with a person
IEC 61340-4-6, Electrostatics – Part 4-6: Standard test methods for specific applications – Wrist
straps
IEC 61340-4-7, Electrostatics – Part 4-7: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Ionization
– 8 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
IEC 61340-4-8, Electrostatics – Part 4-8: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Electrostatic discharge shielding – Bags
IEC 61340-4-9, Electrostatics – Part 4-9: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Garments
IEC 61340-5-3, Electrostatics – Part 5-3: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic
phenomena – Properties and requirements classification for packaging intended for
electrostatic discharge sensitive devices
IEC TS 61340-5-4, Electrostatics – Part 5-4: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic
phenomena – Compliance verification
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
NOTE For the purposes of this document “earth” and “ground” have the same meaning.
3.1.1
charged device model
CDM
ESD stress model that approximates the discharge event that occurs when a charged
component is quickly discharged to another object at a different electrostatic potential
Note 1 to entry: Charged device model is described in ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-002-2014 [1] IEC 60749-28 [3].
Note 2 to entry: This note only applies to the French language.
3.1.2
common ground point
grounded device or location where the conductors of two or more ESD control items are bonded
3.1.3
common connection point
device or location where the conductors of two or more ESD control items are connected in
order to bring the ESD protective control items to the same electrical potential through
equipotential bonding
3.1.4
equipotential bonding
electrical connection of conductive parts (or items used to control ESD) so that they are at
substantially the same voltage under normal and fault conditions
3.1.5
electrostatic discharge
ESD
rapid transfer of charge between bodies that are at different electrostatic potentials
Note 1 to entry: This note only applies to the French language.
3.1.6
ESD control items
materials or products designed to either prevent the generation of static charge or dissipate
static charges that have been generated, or both, so as to prevent damage to ESD sensitive
devices
3.1.7
ESD protected area
EPA
area in which an ESDS can be handled with accepted risk of damage as a result of electrostatic
discharge or fields
Note 1 to entry: This note only applies to the French language.
3.1.8
ESD sensitive device
ESDS
sensitive device, integrated circuit or assembly that may can be damaged by electrostatic fields
or electrostatic discharge
3.1.9
ESD withstand voltage
highest voltage level in an ESD stress model test that does not cause device failure
Note 1 to entry: The device passes all tested lower voltages.
3.1.10
functional ground
terminal used to connect parts to ground for reasons other than safety
3.1.11
human body model
HBM
ESD stress model that approximates the discharge from the fingertip of a typical human being
onto a pin of a device with another pin grounded
Note 1 to entry: Human body model is described in IEC 60749-26 [4].
Note 2 to entry: This note only applies to the French language.
3.12
machine model
MM
ESD stress model that approximates the discharge to a device pin due to contact of equipment
or tools such as those found in the manufacturing line
Note 1 to entry: Machine model is described in IEC 60749-27 [3].
Note 2 to entry: This note only applies to the French language.
3.1.12
organization
company, group or body that handles ESDS
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document an organization can be an individual person.
3.1.13
protective earth
ts to earth for safety reasons
terminal used to connect par
– 10 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
3.1.14
unprotected ESDS 2
ESDS without ESD protective packaging or coverings
3.1.15
worksurface 3
surface where any type of work or processing can be performed on an unprotected ESDS
3.2 Abbreviated terms
CDM charge device model
EPA electrostatic protected area
ESD electrostatic discharge
ESDS ESD sensitive devices
HBM human body model
MM machine model
R resistance to ground
g
R resistance to groundable point
gp
R resistance point to point
p-p
V offset voltage
offset
4 Personnel safety
The procedures and equipment described in this document may can expose personnel to
hazardous electrical conditions. Users of this document are responsible for selecting equipment
that complies with applicable laws, regulatory codes and both external and internal policy. Users
are cautioned that this document cannot replace or supersede any requirements for personnel
safety.
Electrical hazard reduction practices shall be exercised and proper grounding instructions for
equipment shall be followed.
5 ESD control program
5.1 General
5.1.1 ESD control program requirements
requirements of this
The ESD control program shall include all the administrative and technical
document. The ESD control program shall document the lowest ESD withstand voltage(s) that
can be handled. The organization shall establish, document, implement, maintain, and verify
the compliance of the program in accordance with the requirements of this document.
5.1.2 ESD control program manager or coordinator
The organization shall assign a person an ESD control program manager or coordinator with
the responsibility for implementing the requirements of this document including establishing,
documenting, maintaining, and verifying the compliance of the program. The roles may be
delegated to other sub-ordinate personnel appropriate to an organization’s requirements,
provided the ESD control program manager or coordinator retains managerial responsibility.
5.1.3 Tailoring
This standard, or portions of it, may not apply to all applications. It is possible that for some
applications, some of the requirements of this document are not applicable. Tailoring is
accomplished by evaluating the applicability of each requirement for the specific application.
Upon completion of the evaluation, requirements may be added, modified, or deleted. Tailoring
decisions, including rationale and technical justification, shall be documented. See Annex A for
more information. 4
5.2 ESD control program administrative requirements
5.2.1 ESD control program plan
The ESD control program shall document the lowest ESD withstand voltage(s) that can be
handled. By default, the values given in Clause 1 shall apply. The organization shall prepare
an ESD control program plan that addresses each of the requirements of the program. Those
requirements are:
• training,
• product qualification,
• compliance verification,
• grounding/bonding systems,
• personnel grounding,
• EPA requirements,
• packaging systems,
• marking.
The plan is the principal document for implementing and verifying the program. The goal is a
fully implemented and integrated program that conforms to internal quality system
requirements. The plan shall apply to all applicable facets of the organization’s work.
5.2.2 Training plan
The training plan shall define all personnel that are required to have ESD awareness and
prevention training. At a minimum, initial and recurrent ESD awareness and prevention training
shall be provided to all personnel who handle or otherwise come into contact with any ESDS.
Initial training shall be provided before personnel handle ESD sensitive devices. The type and
frequency of ESD training for personnel shall be defined in the training plan. The training plan
shall include a requirement for maintaining employee training records and shall document where
the records are stored. Training methods and the use of specific techniques are at the
organization’s discretion. The training plan shall include methods used by the organization to
ensure trainee comprehension and training adequacy.
5.2.3 Product qualification plan
The organization shall qualify all ESD control items that are selected for use as part of the ESD
control program. Tables 2 and 3 list the required product qualification test methods, associated
limits for each ESD control item and other requirements as stated in this standard.
Acceptable evidence of product qualification includes:
a) Product data sheets published by the manufacturer of the ESD control item:
1) The data sheet shall reference the required IEC test method for that item.
2) The data sheet limits shall, at a minimum, comply with the limits for that ESD control
item
b) Test reports from an independent laboratory: the test report shall reference the applicable
IEC test method and the limits shall comply with the limits for that item as specified in this
standard.
– 12 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
c) Test reports generated internally by the organization for its own use: the test report shall
reference the applicable IEC test method and the limits shall comply with the limits for that
item.
d) For ESD control items that were installed by the organization before the adoption of this
standard, on-going compliance verification records can be used as evidence of product
qualification.
For ESD control items that are not listed in Tables 2 and 3, but are considered to be a part of
the ESD control program, the organization using such items shall qualify these products prior
to use. The test method used for product qualification and the user defined acceptance limits
for each item shall be documented in the ESD control program plan.
A product qualification plan shall be established to ensure the ESD control items selected by
the organization meet the requirements identified in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 of this
document as well as other requirements as stated in this document. This includes the use of
the test methods and test limits identified in these tables.
Product qualification shall occur during the initial selection of the ESD control item and before
initial use. It may use any of the following qualification methods:
a) product specification review,
b) independent laboratory evaluation, or
c) internal laboratory evaluation.
Independent of the organization’s qualification method, qualification records shall include the
test method used, the test results obtained from that method, and the test limits. Also, the
qualification data shall include the environmental conditioning used during the testing as
defined within the test method. The product qualification plan shall also include the location of
the qualification records. 5
Organizations with facilities where the annual minimum relative humidity (RH) is above the
environmental conditioning levels identified within the product qualification test method for each
ESD control item can use this minimum value to qualify each item used within that facility.
However, any ESD control item that leaves these facilities (for example, packaging) shall be
qualified using the environmental test requirements within the product qualification test methods
identified in Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4 of this document. 6
Organizations that can verify the use of ESD control items before adopting this document to
certify their ESD control program can use compliance verification records to meet product
qualification requirements. These records shall cover a minimum of one year and reflect a
timeframe immediately before use as product qualification records. These records shall reflect
test results that meet the compliance verification test limits identified in Table 2, Table 3 and
Table 4 of this document.
The use of compliance verification records for product qualification does not apply when the
organization selects a footwear/flooring system as the personnel grounding method. When a
footwear/flooring system is selected, it shall be qualified using the environmental test
conditioning specified in the test methods identified in Table 2 or by the lowest RH at the facility
as described above. Product qualification shall be completed for each footwear and flooring
type combination used by the organization. 7
NOTE IEC TR 61340-5-2 [2] contains guidance for items not listed in Table 2 and Table 3 of this document.
5.2.4 Compliance verification plan
A compliance verification plan shall be established to ensure the organization’s fulfilment of the
requirements of the plan. Process monitoring (measurements) shall be conducted in
accordance with a compliance verification plan that identifies the technical requirements to be
verified, the measurement limits and the frequency at which those verifications shall occur. The
compliance verification plan shall document the test methods used for process monitoring and
measurements. If the organization uses different test methods to replace those of this
document, the organization shall be able to show that the results achieved correlate with the
referenced standards. Where test methods are devised for testing items not covered in this
document, these shall be adequately documented including corresponding test limits.
Compliance verification records shall be established and maintained to provide evidence of
conformity to the technical requirements. The compliance verification plan shall document
where the records are stored.
The test equipment selected shall be capable of making the measurements defined in the
compliance verification plan.
Consideration should be taken regarding the lowest relative humidity levels experienced by the
organization; some of the measurements should be made under these conditions.
NOTE Calibration certificates do not ensure test equipment is capable of making the required measurements.
5.3 ESD control program plan technical requirements
5.3.1 General
The subclauses from 5.3.2 to 5.3.6 describe the essential technical requirements used in the
development of an ESD control program.
The required limits are based on the test methods or standards listed in Table 1, Table 2,
Table 3 and Table 4. The compliance verification plan shall document the methods used to
verify the limits. These procedures may or may not be based on the test methods in each table.
Test methods and corresponding limits used by the organization that differ from the test
methods or references in Tables 1 to 3 shall be documented with a technical justification that
supports their use.
Some of the technical elements listed in Table 1 to Table 4 do not have a defined lower
resistance limit. However, a minimum resistance value may can be required for safety reasons.
See relevant National requirements and/or can apply. For more information see the IEC 60364
[6] series, IEC TS 60479-1 [4] [7], IEC TS 60479-2 [8], IEC 61010-1 [9], and IEC 61140 [10] for
more information.
5.3.2 Grounding/equipotential bonding systems
In order to eliminate ESD damage, it is necessary to eliminate differences in potential between
ESDS and other conductors that ESDS might come into contact with such as personnel,
automated handling equipment, fixtures, and mobile equipment. All items that come into contact
with ESDS and are capable of conducting electricity shall be connected to ground or electrically
bonded in order to eliminate differences in potential. This can be achieved in three different
ways:
• Grounding using protective earth
t and preferred ESD ground is protective earth if available. In this case, the ESD
The firs
control elements and grounded personnel are connected to protective earth (see Figure 1).
• Grounding using functional ground
The second acceptable ESD ground is achieved through the use of a functional ground. This
conductor can be a ground rod, stake, or a separate wiring system that is bonded to the AC
ground protective earth at the main service panel (see Figure 1). In order to eliminate
differences in potential between protective earth and the functional ground system, the two
systems shall be electrically bonded together where possible.
• Equipotential bonding
– 14 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
If a ground facility is not available, ESD protection can be achieved by connecting all of the
ESD control items together at a common connection point (see Figure 2). The maximum
resistance between any protective item and the common connection point shall comply with
the limits established for the protective items as per Table 2 and Table 3.
Whichever grounding/bonding system is selected, it shall be referred to as “ground” in the
remainder of this document.
CAUTION: Electrical wiring systems can be subject to local and national electrical codes and
regulatory requirements.
Key
1 Wrist strap (band and ground cord)
2 Worksurface
3 Common ground point
4 Floor mat
5 Floor
6 Protective earth or functional ground (functional ground, if used, shall be bonded to protective earth)
Figure 1 – Schematic of an EPA with a ground reference
CAUTION: Users are advised to consult local and national electrical codes and regulations
before making any connections to facility electrical wiring systems.
Key
1 Wrist strap and cord
2 Worksurface
3 Common connection point
4 Floor mat
5 Floor
Figure 2 – Schematic of an equipotential bonding system
Table 1 – Grounding/bonding requirements
Technical requirement Grounding method Test method/standard Required limit(s)
Grounding/bonding system Protective earth National electrical system National electrical code
standard Not defined in limits Not defined in this
this document. Additional document. Additional local
local requirements can requirements can apply.
apply.
Functional ground National electrical system National electrical code
standard Not defined in limits
this document. Additional
If the national electrical
local requirements can
code does not specify a
apply.
requirement, then The
resistance between
functional ground and
protective earth shall not
exceed 25 Ω unless
otherwise specified.
Equipotential bonding See applicable See limits for each ESD
implementing process from control item from Table 2
Table 2 and Table 3 and Table 3
5.3.3 Personnel grounding
All personnel shall be grounded or equipotentially bonded according to the requirements below
when handling ESDS. When personnel are seated at ESD protective workstations, they shall
be connected to ground via a wrist strap system or groundable static control garment system.
When garments are used to achieve personnel grounding, it shall be documented in the ESD
control program plan. The garment shall also meet the groundable static control garment system
resistance requirements defined in Table 2 and the groundable static control garment
requirements in Table 3. 8
– 16 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 CMV © IEC 2024
For standing operations, personnel can be grounded via a wrist strap system or by a footwear-
flooring system any method from Table 2. When a footwear/flooring system is used, personnel
shall wear ESD footwear for ESD control on both feet and the two following conditions shall be
met:
• the total resistance of the system (from the person, through the footwear and flooring to
ground) shall be less than 1,0 × 10 Ω;
• the maximum body voltage generation shall be less than 100 V.
Table 2 – Personnel grounding requirements
Product qualification Compliance verification
Technical ESD control
requirement item
b b
Test method Test method
Limits Limits
Personnel Wrist straps IEC 61340-4-6 See wrist strap system
R < 5 × 10 Ω or
grounding (bands and
user defined value
ground cords)
Wrist band IEC 61340-4-6
resistance
– interior Not applicable
≤ 1 × 10 Ω
– exterior Not applicable
> 1 × 10 Ω
Wrist strap Not applicable IEC 61340-4-6
R < 3,5 × 10 Ω
a
Wrist strap
system
continuity test
c
Footwear See person/footwear system
R ≤ 1 × 10 Ω
IEC 61340-4-3
9 9 d,f
Person/footwear IEC 61340-4-5 IEC 61340-4-5
R < 1,0 × 10 Ω R < 1,0 × 10 Ω
g g
/flooring system
and absolute
value of body
voltage < 100 V
(average of 5
highest peaks)
e 8
Person/footwear Not applicable
See Annex A R < 1,0 × 10 Ω
gp
system
a
For situations where an ESD garment is used as part of the wrist strap grounding path, the total system
resistance including the person, garment and grounding cord should be less than 3,5 × 10 Ω.
b
Symbols used in this table: R refers to resistance to ground, R refers to resistance to groundable p
...
IEC 61340-5-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Electrostatics –
Part 5-1: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena –
General requirements
Électrostatique –
Partie 5-1: Protection des dispositifs électroniques contre les phénomènes
électrostatiques – Exigences générales
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IEC 61340-5-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Electrostatics –
Part 5-1: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena –
General requirements
Électrostatique –
Partie 5-1: Protection des dispositifs électroniques contre les phénomènes
électrostatiques – Exigences générales
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220.99, 29.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-8889-4
– 2 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 9
4 Personnel safety . 10
5 ESD control program . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.1.1 ESD control program requirements . 10
5.1.2 ESD control program manager or coordinator . 10
5.1.3 Tailoring . 10
5.2 ESD control program administrative requirements . 10
5.2.1 ESD control program plan . 10
5.2.2 Training plan . 11
5.2.3 Product qualification plan . 11
5.2.4 Compliance verification plan . 12
5.3 ESD control program plan technical requirements . 12
5.3.1 General . 12
5.3.2 Grounding/equipotential bonding systems . 12
5.3.3 Personnel grounding . 14
5.3.4 ESD protected areas (EPA) . 15
5.3.5 Packaging. 18
5.3.6 Marking . 18
Annex A (informative) Tailoring examples . 19
Bibliography . 21
Figure 1 – Schematic of an EPA with a ground reference . 13
Figure 2 – Schematic of an equipotential bonding system . 14
Table 1 – Grounding/bonding requirements . 14
Table 2 – Personnel grounding requirements . 15
Table 3 – EPA technical requirements . 17
Table 4 – Packaging requirements . 18
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROSTATICS –
Part 5-1: Protection of electronic devices from
electrostatic phenomena – General requirements
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
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9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
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the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 61340-5-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 101: Electrostatics. It is an
International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2016. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) definitions have been added to the document;
b) updates to product qualification requirements;
c) subclause 5.3.3 now includes a reference to groundable static control garment systems;
d) Table 2 was replaced;
– 4 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 © IEC 2024
e) subclause 5.3.4.2 was updated to define what an insulator is;
f) subclause 5.3.4.3 was updated to include a definition for isolated conductor;
g) Table 3 was updated, technical items added, including a reference to IEC 61340-5-4 for
compliance verification testing;
h) Table 4 was added as a summary of the requirements in IEC 61340-5-3 and to include
requirements for compliance verification of packaging;
i) Annex A was replaced: the former Annex is no longer required. Annex A are examples of
tailoring.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
101/705A/FDIS 101/710/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61340 series, published under the general title Electrostatics, can
be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 61340 covers the requirements necessary to design, establish, implement and
maintain an electrostatic discharge (ESD) control program for activities that: manufacture,
process, assemble, install, package, label, service, test, inspect, transport, or otherwise handle
electrical or electronic parts, assemblies, and equipment susceptible to damage by electrostatic
discharges greater than or equal to 100 V human body model (HBM), 200 V charged device
model (CDM), and 35 V on isolated conductors. The 35 V limit is related to the level achievable
using ionizers specified in this document.
Any contact and physical separation of materials or flow of solids, liquids, or particle-laden
gases can generate electrostatic charges. Common sources of ESD include charged:
personnel, conductors, common polymeric materials, and processing equipment. ESD damage
can occur when:
• a charged person or object comes into contact with an ESD sensitive device (ESDS);
• an ESDS comes into direct contact with a conductive surface while exposed to an
electrostatic field;
• a charged ESDS comes into contact with another conductive surface which is at a different
electrical potential. This surface can be grounded or ungrounded.
Examples of ESDS are microcircuits, discrete semiconductors, thick and thin film resistors,
hybrid devices, printed circuit boards and piezoelectric crystals. It is possible to determine
device and item susceptibility by exposing the device to simulated ESD events. The ESD
withstand voltage determined by sensitivity tests using simulated ESD events does not
necessarily represent the ability of the device to withstand ESD from real sources at that voltage
level. However, the levels of sensitivity are used to establish a baseline of susceptibility data
for comparison of devices with equivalent part numbers from different manufacturers. Three
different models have been used for qualification of electronic components – HBM, MM, and
CDM. In current practice devices are qualified only using HBM and CDM susceptibility tests.
This document covers the ESD control program requirements necessary for setting up a
program to handle ESDS, based on the historical experience of both military and commercial
organizations. The fundamental ESD control principles that form the basis of this document are
as follows.
• Avoid a discharge from any charged, conductive object (personnel and especially automated
handling equipment) into the ESDS. This can be accomplished by bonding or electrically
connecting all conductors in the environment, including personnel, to a known ground or
contrived ground (as on board ship or on aircraft). This attachment creates an equipotential
balance between all conducting objects and personnel. Electrostatic protection can be
maintained at a potential different from a “zero” voltage ground potential as long as all
conductive objects in the system are at the same potential.
• Avoid a discharge from any charged ESD sensitive device. Charging can result from direct
contact and separation or it can be induced by an electric field. Necessary insulators in the
environment cannot lose their electrostatic charge by attachment to ground. Ionization
systems provide neutralization of charges on these necessary insulators (circuit board
materials and some device packages are examples of necessary insulators). The ESD
hazard created by electrostatic charges on the necessary insulators in the workplace is
assessed to ensure that appropriate actions are implemented, according to the risk.
– 6 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 © IEC 2024
• Once outside of an electrostatic discharge protected area (hereinafter referred to as an
EPA) it is generally not possible to control the above items; therefore, ESD protective
packaging can be required. ESD protection can be achieved by enclosing ESD sensitive
products in static protective materials, although the type of material depends on the situation
and destination. Inside an EPA, static dissipative materials can provide adequate protection.
Outside an EPA, static discharge shielding materials are recommended. Whilst all of these
materials are not discussed in this document, it is important to recognize the differences in
their application. For more information see IEC 61340-5-3 and IEC TR 61340-5-5 [1] .
Each organization has different processes, and so will require a different blend of ESD
prevention measures for an optimum ESD control program. Measures should be selected,
based on technical necessity, and carefully documented in an ESD control program plan, so
that all concerned can be sure of the program requirements.
Training is an essential part of an ESD control program in order to ensure that the personnel
involved understand the equipment and procedures they are to use in order to be in compliance
with the ESD control program plan. Training is also essential in raising awareness and
understanding of ESD issues. Without training, personnel are often a major source of ESD risk.
With training, they become an effective first line of defence against ESD damage. Product
qualification ensures that equipment sourced for use in the ESD control program meets the
technical requirements before it is placed in service.
A product qualification plan details the criteria to be used for selection of ESD control items.
Regular compliance verification checks and tests are essential to ensure that equipment
remains effective and that the ESD control program is correctly implemented in compliance with
the ESD control program plan.
_____________
Numbers in square brackets refer to the bibliography.
ELECTROSTATICS –
Part 5-1: Protection of electronic devices from
electrostatic phenomena – General requirements
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61340 applies to organizations that: manufacture, process, assemble, install,
package, label, service, test, inspect, transport, or otherwise handle electrical or electronic
parts, assemblies and equipment with withstand voltages greater than or equal to 100 V human
body model (HBM) and 200 V charge device model (CDM). Also, protection from isolated
conductors is addressed by limiting the voltage on isolated conductors to less than 35 V. ESDS
with lower withstand voltages can require additional control elements or adjusted limits.
Processes designed to handle items that have lower ESD withstand voltage(s) can still claim
compliance to this document.
This document provides the requirements for an ESD control program. IEC TR 61340-5-2 [2]
provides guidance on the implementation of this document.
This document does not apply to electrically initiated explosive devices, flammable liquids,
gases, and powders.
The purpose of this document is to provide the administrative and technical requirements for
establishing, implementing, and maintaining an ESD control program (hereinafter referred to as
the “program”).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 61340-2-3, Electrostatics – Part 2-3: Methods of test for determining the resistance and
resistivity of solid materials used to avoid electrostatic charge accumulation
IEC 61340-4-1, Electrostatics – Part 4-1: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Electrical resistance of floor coverings and installed floors
IEC 61340-4-3, Electrostatics – Part 4-3: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Footwear
IEC 61340-4-5, Electrostatics – Part 4-5: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Methods for characterizing the electrostatic protection of footwear and flooring in combination
with a person
IEC 61340-4-6, Electrostatics – Part 4-6: Standard test methods for specific applications – Wrist
straps
IEC 61340-4-7, Electrostatics – Part 4-7: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Ionization
– 8 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 © IEC 2024
IEC 61340-4-8, Electrostatics – Part 4-8: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Electrostatic discharge shielding – Bags
IEC 61340-4-9, Electrostatics – Part 4-9: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Garments
IEC 61340-5-3, Electrostatics – Part 5-3: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic
phenomena – Properties and requirements classification for packaging intended for
electrostatic discharge sensitive devices
IEC TS 61340-5-4, Electrostatics – Part 5-4: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic
phenomena – Compliance verification
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
NOTE For the purposes of this document “earth” and “ground” have the same meaning.
3.1.1
charged device model
CDM
ESD stress model that approximates the discharge event that occurs when a charged
component is quickly discharged to another object at a different electrostatic potential
Note 1 to entry: Charged device model is described in IEC 60749-28 [3].
Note 2 to entry: This note only applies to the French language.
3.1.2
common ground point
grounded device or location where the conductors of two or more ESD control items are bonded
3.1.3
common connection point
device or location where the conductors of two or more ESD control items are connected in
order to bring the ESD control items to the same electrical potential through equipotential
bonding
3.1.4
equipotential bonding
electrical connection of items used to control ESD so that they are at substantially the same
voltage under normal and fault conditions
3.1.5
electrostatic discharge
ESD
rapid transfer of charge between bodies that are at different electrostatic potentials
3.1.6
ESD control items
materials or products designed to either prevent the generation of static charge or dissipate
static charges that have been generated, or both, so as to prevent damage to ESD sensitive
devices
3.1.7
ESD protected area
EPA
area in which an ESDS can be handled with accepted risk of damage as a result of electrostatic
discharge or fields
3.1.8
ESD sensitive device
ESDS
sensitive device, integrated circuit or assembly that can be damaged by electrostatic discharge
3.1.9
ESD withstand voltage
highest voltage level in an ESD stress model test that does not cause failure
Note 1 to entry: The device passes all tested lower voltages.
3.1.10
functional ground
terminal used to connect parts to ground for reasons other than safety
3.1.11
human body model
HBM
ESD stress model that approximates the discharge from the fingertip of a typical human being
onto a pin of a device with another pin grounded
Note 1 to entry: Human body model is described in IEC 60749-26 [4].
3.1.12
organization
company, group or body that handles ESDS
Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document an organization can be an individual person.
3.1.13
protective earth
terminal used to connect parts to earth for safety reasons
3.1.14
unprotected ESDS
ESDS without ESD protective packaging or coverings
3.1.15
worksurface
surface where any type of work or processing can be performed on an unprotected ESDS
3.2 Abbreviated terms
CDM charge device model
EPA electrostatic protected area
ESD electrostatic discharge
ESDS ESD sensitive devices
– 10 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 © IEC 2024
HBM human body model
MM machine model
R resistance to ground
g
R resistance to groundable point
gp
R resistance point to point
p-p
V offset voltage
offset
4 Personnel safety
The procedures and equipment described in this document can expose personnel to hazardous
electrical conditions. Users of this document are responsible for selecting equipment that
complies with applicable laws, regulatory codes and both external and internal policy. Users
are cautioned that this document cannot replace or supersede any requirements for personnel
safety.
Electrical hazard reduction practices shall be exercised and proper grounding instructions for
equipment shall be followed.
5 ESD control program
5.1 General
5.1.1 ESD control program requirements
The ESD control program shall include all the administrative and technical requirements of this
document. The organization shall establish, document, implement, maintain, and verify the
compliance of the program in accordance with the requirements of this document.
5.1.2 ESD control program manager or coordinator
The organization shall assign an ESD control program manager or coordinator with the
responsibility for implementing the requirements of this document including establishing,
documenting, maintaining, and verifying the compliance of the program. The roles may be
delegated to other sub-ordinate personnel appropriate to an organization’s requirements,
provided the ESD control program manager or coordinator retains managerial responsibility.
5.1.3 Tailoring
It is possible that for some applications, some of the requirements of this document are not
applicable. Tailoring is accomplished by evaluating the applicability of each requirement for the
specific application. Upon completion of the evaluation, requirements may be modified, or
deleted. Tailoring decisions, including rationale and technical justification, shall be documented.
See Annex A for more information.
5.2 ESD control program administrative requirements
5.2.1 ESD control program plan
The ESD control program shall document the lowest ESD withstand voltage(s) that can be
handled. By default, the values given in Clause 1 shall apply. The organization shall prepare
an ESD control program plan that addresses each of the requirements of the program. Those
requirements are:
• training,
• product qualification,
• compliance verification,
• grounding/bonding systems,
• personnel grounding,
• EPA requirements,
• packaging systems,
• marking.
The plan is the principal document for implementing and verifying the program. The goal is a
fully implemented and integrated program that conforms to internal quality system
requirements. The plan shall apply to all applicable facets of the organization’s work.
5.2.2 Training plan
The training plan shall define all personnel that are required to have ESD awareness and
prevention training. At a minimum, initial and recurrent ESD awareness and prevention training
shall be provided to all personnel who handle or otherwise come into contact with any ESDS.
Initial training shall be provided before personnel handle ESD sensitive devices. The type and
frequency of ESD training for personnel shall be defined in the training plan. The training plan
shall include a requirement for maintaining employee training records and shall document where
the records are stored. Training methods and the use of specific techniques are at the
organization’s discretion. The training plan shall include methods used by the organization to
ensure trainee comprehension and training adequacy.
5.2.3 Product qualification plan
A product qualification plan shall be established to ensure the ESD control items selected by
the organization meet the requirements identified in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4 of this
document as well as other requirements as stated in this document. This includes the use of
the test methods and test limits identified in these tables.
Product qualification shall occur during the initial selection of the ESD control item and before
initial use. It may use any of the following qualification methods:
a) product specification review,
b) independent laboratory evaluation, or
c) internal laboratory evaluation.
Independent of the organization’s qualification method, qualification records shall include the
test method used, the test results obtained from that method, and the test limits. Also, the
qualification data shall include the environmental conditioning used during the testing as
defined within the test method. The product qualification plan shall also include the location of
the qualification records.
Organizations with facilities where the annual minimum relative humidity (RH) is above the
environmental conditioning levels identified within the product qualification test method for each
ESD control item can use this minimum value to qualify each item used within that facility.
However, any ESD control item that leaves these facilities (for example, packaging) shall be
qualified using the environmental test requirements within the product qualification test methods
identified in Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4 of this document.
Organizations that can verify the use of ESD control items before adopting this document to
certify their ESD control program can use compliance verification records to meet product
qualification requirements. These records shall cover a minimum of one year and reflect a
timeframe immediately before use as product qualification records. These records shall reflect
test results that meet the compliance verification test limits identified in Table 2, Table 3 and
Table 4 of this document.
– 12 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 © IEC 2024
The use of compliance verification records for product qualification does not apply when the
organization selects a footwear/flooring system as the personnel grounding method. When a
footwear/flooring system is selected, it shall be qualified using the environmental test
conditioning specified in the test methods identified in Table 2 or by the lowest RH at the facility
as described above. Product qualification shall be completed for each footwear and flooring
type combination used by the organization.
NOTE IEC TR 61340-5-2 [2] contains guidance for items not listed in Table 2 and Table 3 of this document.
5.2.4 Compliance verification plan
A compliance verification plan shall be established to ensure the organization’s fulfilment of the
requirements of the plan. Process monitoring (measurements) shall be conducted in
accordance with a compliance verification plan that identifies the technical requirements to be
verified, the measurement limits and the frequency at which those verifications shall occur. The
compliance verification plan shall document the test methods used for process monitoring and
measurements. If the organization uses different test methods to replace those of this
document, the organization shall be able to show that the results achieved correlate with the
referenced standards. Where test methods are devised for testing items not covered in this
document, these shall be adequately documented including corresponding test limits.
Compliance verification records shall be established and maintained to provide evidence of
conformity to the technical requirements. The compliance verification plan shall document
where the records are stored.
The test equipment selected shall be capable of making the measurements defined in the
compliance verification plan.
Consideration should be taken regarding the lowest relative humidity levels experienced by the
organization; some of the measurements should be made under these conditions.
NOTE Calibration certificates do not ensure test equipment is capable of making the required measurements.
5.3 ESD control program plan technical requirements
5.3.1 General
The subclauses from 5.3.2 to 5.3.6 describe the essential technical requirements used in the
development of an ESD control program.
The required limits are based on the test methods or standards listed in Table 1, Table 2,
Table 3 and Table 4.
Some of the technical elements listed in Table 1 to Table 4 do not have a defined lower
resistance limit. However, a minimum resistance value can be required for safety reasons.
National requirements can apply. For more information see the IEC 60364 [6] series,
IEC TS 60479-1 [4] [7], IEC TS 60479-2 [8], IEC 61010-1 [9], and IEC 61140 [10] for more
information.
5.3.2 Grounding/equipotential bonding systems
In order to eliminate ESD damage, it is necessary to eliminate differences in potential between
ESDS and other conductors that ESDS come into contact with such as personnel, automated
handling equipment, fixtures, and mobile equipment. All items that come into contact with ESDS
and are capable of conducting electricity shall be connected to ground or electrically bonded in
order to eliminate differences in potential. This can be achieved in three different ways:
• Grounding using protective earth
The first and preferred ESD ground is protective earth if available. In this case, the ESD
control elements and grounded personnel are connected to protective earth (see Figure 1).
• Grounding using functional ground
The second acceptable ESD ground is achieved through the use of a functional ground. This
conductor can be a ground rod, stake, or a separate wiring system that is bonded to
protective earth at the main service panel (see Figure 1). In order to eliminate differences
in potential between protective earth and the functional ground system, the two systems
shall be electrically bonded together where possible.
• Equipotential bonding
If a ground facility is not available, ESD protection can be achieved by connecting all of the
ESD control items together at a common connection point (see Figure 2). The maximum
resistance between any protective item and the common connection point shall comply with
the limits established for the protective items as per Table 2 and Table 3.
Whichever grounding/bonding system is selected, it shall be referred to as “ground” in the
remainder of this document.
CAUTION: Electrical wiring systems can be subject to local and national electrical codes and
regulatory requirements.
Key
1 Wrist strap (band and ground cord)
2 Worksurface
3 Common ground point
4 Floor mat
5 Floor
6 Protective earth or functional ground (functional ground, if used, shall be bonded to protective earth)
Figure 1 – Schematic of an EPA with a ground reference
– 14 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 © IEC 2024
Key
1 Wrist strap and cord
2 Worksurface
3 Common connection point
4 Floor mat
5 Floor
Figure 2 – Schematic of an equipotential bonding system
Table 1 – Grounding/bonding requirements
Technical requirement Grounding method Test method/standard Required limit(s)
Grounding/bonding system Protective earth Not defined in this Not defined in this
document. Additional local document. Additional local
requirements can apply. requirements can apply.
Functional ground Not defined in this The resistance between
document. Additional local functional ground and
requirements can apply. protective earth shall not
exceed 25 Ω unless
otherwise specified.
Equipotential bonding See applicable See limits for each ESD
implementing process from control item from Table 2
Table 2 and Table 3 and Table 3
5.3.3 Personnel grounding
All personnel shall be grounded or equipotentially bonded according to the requirements below
when handling ESDS. When personnel are seated at ESD protective workstations, they shall
be connected to ground via a wrist strap system or groundable static control garment system.
When garments are used to achieve personnel grounding, it shall be documented in the ESD
control program plan. The garment shall also meet the groundable static control garment system
resistance requirements defined in Table 2 and the groundable static control garment
requirements in Table 3.
For standing operations, personnel can be grounded via any method from Table 2. When a
footwear/flooring system is used, personnel shall wear footwear for ESD control on both feet
and the two following conditions shall be met:
• the total resistance of the system (from the person, through the footwear and flooring to
ground) shall be less than 1,0 × 10 Ω;
• the maximum body voltage generation shall be less than 100 V.
Table 2 – Personnel grounding requirements
Technical Product qualification Compliance verification
requirement
Test method(s) Required limit(s) Test method(s) Required limit(s)
Wrist strap system System resistance IEC TS 61340-5-4 System resistance
IEC 61340-4-6
7 7
Wrist strap system
<3,5 × 10 Ω <3,5 × 10 Ω
Groundable static System resistance IEC TS 61340-5-4 System resistance
7 7
control garment Groundable static
<3,5 × 10 Ω <3,5 × 10 Ω
IEC 61340-4-9
system control garment
system
a
System resistance IEC TS 61340-5-4 Resistance to
Footwear/flooring
9 b
Person-footwear-
systems (shall <1 × 10 Ω groundable point
flooring system
comply with limits for
<1 × 10 Ω
both system
absolute value of
b
IEC 61340-4-5 IEC TS 61340-5-4
resistance and body System resistance
body voltage
voltage)
< 100 V Person-footwear-
< 1 × 10 Ω
flooring system
(average of 5
highest peaks)
a
A periodic body voltage generation test should be done to verify the voltage is less than 100 V.
b 9
The required limit of < 1,0 × 10 Ω is the maximum allowed value for the person-footwear-floor system. The user
should establish an upper limit for the person-footwear system from the resistance values that were measured
for product qualification for the footwear and the floor to comply with the < 100 V body voltage generation, and
use this resistance limit for compliance verification.
5.3.4 ESD protected areas (EPA)
5.3.4.1 Handling ESDS and access to EPA
Handling of ESDS without ESD protective covering or packaging shall be performed in an EPA.
The boundaries of the EPA shall be clearly identified as EPA boundaries (e.g. Caution signs
indicating the existence of the EPA can be posted and conspicuous to personnel prior to entry
to the EPA.)
NOTE An EPA can, for example, consist of a building, an entire room or a single workstation.
Access to the EPA shall be limited to personnel who have completed appropriate ESD training.
Untrained individuals shall be escorted by trained personnel while in an EPA.
5.3.4.2 Insulators
For the purposes of this document, materials and objects with volume resistance and either
surface resistance or point-to-point resistance, greater than or equal to 1,0 × 10 Ω, measured
in accordance with IEC 61340-2-3, are considered to be insulators.
The organization's ESD control program shall include a plan for handling insulators to mitigate
field induced damage. All nonessential insulators shall be separated from any ESDS item by at
least 30 cm. Areas can be designated within the EPA to store electrostatic charge generating
items provided the areas do not cause any of the requirements below to be exceeded. When
qualifying a process to be deployed in an EPA, process essential insulators shall be evaluated
in accordance with how the insulators will be used. The ESD threat associated with process
essential insulators or electrostatic field sources shall be evaluated to ensure that:
– 16 – IEC 61340-5-1:2024 © IEC 2024
• the electrostatic field at the position where the ESDS are handled shall not exceed
5 000 V/m;
or
• if the electrostatic potential measured at
...
Frequently Asked Questions
IEC 61340-5-1:2024 is a standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Its full title is "Electrostatics - Part 5-1: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena - General requirements". This standard covers: IEC 61340-5-1:2024 applies to organizations that: manufacture, process, assemble, install, package, label, service, test, inspect, transport, or otherwise handle electrical or electronic parts, assemblies and equipment with withstand voltages greater than or equal to 100 V human body model (HBM) and 200 V charge device model (CDM). Also, protection from isolated conductors is addressed by limiting the voltage on isolated conductors to less than 35 V. ESDS with lower withstand voltages can require additional control elements or adjusted limits. Processes designed to handle items that have lower ESD withstand voltage(s) can still claim compliance to this document. This document provides the requirements for an ESD control program. IEC TR 61340-5-2 provides guidance on the implementation of this document. This document does not apply to electrically initiated explosive devices, flammable liquids, gases, and powders. The purpose of this document is to provide the administrative and technical requirements for establishing, implementing, and maintaining an ESD control program (hereinafter referred to as the “program”). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) definitions have been added to the document; b) updates to product qualification requirements; c) subclause 5.3.3 now includes a reference to groundable static control garment systems; d) Table 2 was replaced; e) subclause 5.3.4.2 was updated to define what an insulator is; f) subclause 5.3.4.3 was updated to include a definition for isolated conductor; g) Table 3 was updated, technical items added, including a reference to IEC 61340-5-4 for compliance verification testing; h) Table 4 was added as a summary of the requirements in IEC 61340-5-3 and to include requirements for compliance verification of packaging; i) Annex A was replaced: the former Annex is no longer required. Annex A are examples of tailoring.
IEC 61340-5-1:2024 applies to organizations that: manufacture, process, assemble, install, package, label, service, test, inspect, transport, or otherwise handle electrical or electronic parts, assemblies and equipment with withstand voltages greater than or equal to 100 V human body model (HBM) and 200 V charge device model (CDM). Also, protection from isolated conductors is addressed by limiting the voltage on isolated conductors to less than 35 V. ESDS with lower withstand voltages can require additional control elements or adjusted limits. Processes designed to handle items that have lower ESD withstand voltage(s) can still claim compliance to this document. This document provides the requirements for an ESD control program. IEC TR 61340-5-2 provides guidance on the implementation of this document. This document does not apply to electrically initiated explosive devices, flammable liquids, gases, and powders. The purpose of this document is to provide the administrative and technical requirements for establishing, implementing, and maintaining an ESD control program (hereinafter referred to as the “program”). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) definitions have been added to the document; b) updates to product qualification requirements; c) subclause 5.3.3 now includes a reference to groundable static control garment systems; d) Table 2 was replaced; e) subclause 5.3.4.2 was updated to define what an insulator is; f) subclause 5.3.4.3 was updated to include a definition for isolated conductor; g) Table 3 was updated, technical items added, including a reference to IEC 61340-5-4 for compliance verification testing; h) Table 4 was added as a summary of the requirements in IEC 61340-5-3 and to include requirements for compliance verification of packaging; i) Annex A was replaced: the former Annex is no longer required. Annex A are examples of tailoring.
IEC 61340-5-1:2024 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 17.220.99 - Other standards related to electricity and magnetism; 29.020 - Electrical engineering in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
IEC 61340-5-1:2024 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to IEC 61340-5-1:2016, IEC 61340-5-1:2016/COR1:2017. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase IEC 61340-5-1:2024 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of IEC standards.
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