IEC 60268-4:2014
(Main)Sound system equipment - Part 4: Microphones
Sound system equipment - Part 4: Microphones
IEC 60268-4:2014 specifies methods of measurement for the electrical impedance, sensitivity, directional response pattern, dynamic range and external influences of sound system microphones, and also details the characteristics to be specified by the manufacturer. This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2010, and constitutes a technical revision. It includes the following changes:
- clarification of Table 5 of classification of characteristics;
- clarification of graphical representation;
- clarification of environmental influences;
- rewritten clause for EMC;
- tolerances and more specific values for noise measurements;
- inclusion of near-field response for sound source-to-microphone distances of the order of 30 cm.
Equipements pour systèmes électroacoustiques - Partie 4: Microphones
L'IEC 60268-4 :2014 spécifie les méthodes de mesure portant sur l'impédance électrique, l'efficacité, le diagramme de directivité, la dynamique, et les perturbations extérieures des microphones pour les systèmes électroacoustiques, et détaille également les caractéristiques à spécifier par le constructeur. Cette cinquième édition annule et remplace la quatrième édition parue en 2010. Elle constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications suivantes:
- clarification du Tableau 5 de classification des caractéristiques;
- clarification de la représentation graphique;
- clarification des influences de l'environnement;
- réécriture de l'article relatif à la CEM;
- tolérances et valeurs plus spécifiques pour les mesures de bruit;
- inclusion de la réponse en champ proche pour des distances source sonore-microphone de l'ordre de 30 cm.
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2: Environment – Section 5: Classification of electromagnetic environments - Basic EMC publication
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IEC 60268-4 ®
Edition 5.0 2014-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Sound system equipment –
Part 4: Microphones
Équipements pour systèmes électroacoustiques –
Partie 4: Microphones
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IEC 60268-4 ®
Edition 5.0 2014-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Sound system equipment –
Part 4: Microphones
Équipements pour systèmes électroacoustiques –
Partie 4: Microphones
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XA
ICS 33.160.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-1586-9
– 2 – IEC 60268-4:2014 © IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 General conditions . 10
4.1 General . 10
4.2 Measurement conditions . 10
4.2.1 General . 10
4.2.2 Rated conditions . 11
5 Particular conditions . 11
5.1 Pre-conditioning . 11
5.2 Sound source . 12
5.3 Measurement of sound pressure . 12
5.4 Voltage measuring system . 12
5.5 Acoustical environment . 12
5.5.1 General . 12
5.5.2 Free-field conditions . 12
5.5.3 Diffuse field conditions . 14
5.5.4 Microphone coupled to a sound source by means of a small cavity
coupler . 15
5.6 Methods of measuring frequency response . 15
5.6.1 Point-by-point and continuous sweep frequency methods . 15
5.6.2 Calibration methods . 16
5.7 Overall accuracy . 16
5.8 Graphical presentation of results . 16
6 Type description (acoustical behaviour) . 16
6.1 Principle of the transducer . 16
6.2 Type of microphone . 16
6.3 Type of directional response characteristics . 17
6.4 Application profile . 17
7 Terminals and controls . 17
7.1 Marking . 17
7.2 Connectors and electrical interface values . 17
8 Reference point and axis . 17
8.1 Reference point . 17
8.2 Reference axis . 18
9 Rated power supply . 18
9.1 Characteristics to be specified . 18
9.2 Method of measurement . 18
10 Electrical impedance . 18
10.1 Internal impedance . 18
10.1.1 Characteristic to be specified . 18
10.1.2 Methods of measurement . 18
10.2 Rated impedance . 19
10.3 Rated minimum permitted load impedance . 19
11 Sensitivity . 19
11.1 General . 19
11.2 Sensitivities with respect to acoustical environment . 20
11.2.1 Free-field sensitivity . 20
11.2.2 Diffuse-field sensitivity . 20
11.2.3 Close-talking or near-field sensitivity . 21
11.2.4 Pressure sensitivity . 21
11.3 Rated sensitivity . 22
12 Response . 22
12.1 Frequency response . 22
12.1.1 Characteristic to be specified . 22
12.1.2 Method of measurement . 23
12.1.3 Graphical presentation of results . 23
12.2 Effective frequency range . 23
12.2.1 Characteristic to be specified . 23
12.2.2 Method of measurement . 23
13 Directional characteristics . 23
13.1 Directional pattern . 23
13.1.1 Characteristic to be specified . 23
13.1.2 Methods of measurement . 23
13.1.3 Graphical presentation of results . 24
13.2 Directivity index .
...
SLOVENSKI SIST-TP IEC/TR2 61000-2-
5:2004
STANDARD
april 2004
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2: Environment – Section 5:
Classification of electromagnetic environments - Basic EMC publication
ICS 33.100.01 Referenčna številka
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
1000-2-5 IEC:1995 − 3 −
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . 7
Clause
1 General . 11
1.1 Scope and object. 11
1.2 Normative reference. 11
1.3 Approach. 11
2 Definitions . 15
2.1 Annotated definitions on electromagnetic compatibility. 17
2.2 Acronyms. 19
3 User's guide for this report. 19
3.1 Rationale for classification system . 19
3.2 Environmental phenomena. 19
3.3 Simplification of the environmental database. 21
4 Low-frequency electromagnetic phenomena . 25
4.1 Conducted low-frequency phenomena. 25
4.2 Radiated low-frequency phenomena. 33
5 High-frequency electromagnetic phenomena . 37
5.1 Conducted high-frequency phenomena . 37
5.2 Radiated high-frequency phenomena . 45
6 Electrostatic discharge. 49
6.1 ESD currents. 49
6.2 Fields produced by ESD currents. 51
7 Classification of environments .53
7.1 Types of location . 53
7.2 Impinging disturbances and equipment ports . 53
8 Principles of the selection of immunity levels. 57
8.1 Approach. 57
8.2 Uncertainties. 57
8.3 Criticality criteria. 59
1000-2-5 IEC:1995 − 5 −
Tables Page
1 Principal phenomena causing electromagnetic disturbances. 23
2 Range of disturbance degrees for harmonics in low-voltage power systems. 27
3 Range of disturbance degrees for signalling voltages in power systems . 29
4 Sources and range of disturbance degrees for voltage amplitude and frequency
in power systems . 31
5 Sources and range of disturbance degrees for low-frequency, common-mode
induced voltages in signal and control cables. 33
6 Sources and range of disturbance degrees for low-frequency magnetic fields . 35
7 Sources and range of disturbance degrees for low-frequency electric fields. 37
8 Disturbance degrees of induced CW voltages with respect to reference ground. 39
9 Sources and range of disturbance degrees for conducted unidirectional transients
in low-voltage a.c. power systems . 43
10 Sources and range of disturbance degrees for conducted oscillatory transients
in low-voltage a.c. power systems . 45
11 Sources and range of disturbance degrees for radiated oscillatory disturbances . 47
12 Sources and range of disturbance degrees for radiated pulsed disturbances. 49
13 Sources and range of disturbance degrees for ESD . 51
14 Range of disturbance degrees for field gradients caused by ESD . 51
A.1 Location class type 1. 65
A.2 Location class type 2. 69
A.3 Location class type 3. 73
A.4 Location class type 4. 77
A.5 Location class type 5. 81
A.6 Location class type 6. 85
A.7 Location class type 7. 89
A.8 Location class type 8. 93
B Typical waveforms for radiated oscillatory disturbances. 95
Annexes
A Examples of compatibility levels for typical location classes. 63
B Radiated oscillatory disturbances . 95
C Radiated pulsed disturbances. 99
1000-2-5 IEC:1995 − 7 −
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
_________
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) −−−−
Part 2: Environment −−−−
Section 5: Classification of electromagnetic environments
Basic EMC publication
FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization
comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to
promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic
fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their
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2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by technical committees on
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3) They have the form of recommendations for international use published in the form of standards, technical
reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In
exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical
report of one of the following types:
• type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an
International Standard, despite repeated efforts;
• type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other
reason there is the future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International
Standard;
• type 3, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which
is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art”.
Technical reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication to
decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical reports of type
3 do not necessarily have to be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
1000-2-5 IEC:1995 − 9 −
IEC 1000-2-5, which is a technical report of type 2, has been prepared by sub-committee 77B:
High-frequency phenomena, of IEC technical committee 77: Electromagnetic compatibility.
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Committee draft Report on voting
77B(SEC)122 77B/142/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report
on voting indicated in the above table.
This document is issued in the type 2 technical report series of publications (according to
G.4.2.2 of part 1 of the IEC/ISO Directives) as a “prospective standard for provisional
application” in the field of electromagnetic compatibility because there is an urgent requirement
for guidance on how standards in this field should be used to meet an identified need.
This document is not to be regarded as an “International Standard”. It is proposed for
provisional application so that information and experience of its use in practice may be
gathered. Comments on the content of this document should be sent to the IEC Central Office.
A review of this type 2 technical report will be carried out not later than three years after its
publication, with the options of either extension for a further three years or conversion to an
International Standard or withdrawal.
Annexes A, B and C are for information only.
1000-2-5 IEC:1995 − 11 −
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) −−
−−
Part 2: Environment −−−−
Section 5: Classification of electromagnetic environments
Basic EMC publication
1 General
1.1 Scope and object
This section of IEC 1000-2 is a technical report intended for guidance, not as a specification,
for those who are in charge of writing immunity standards for an equipment or system. Its
purpose is to classify electromagnetic environments and help improve the specification of the
immunity requirements of an item containing electrical or electronic parts, and consequently
obtain electromagnetic compatibility. It also gives basic guidance for the selection of immunity
levels. The data are applicable to any equipment, subsystem or system making use of
electromagnetic energy and operating in a specific location as defined by this report. The
environment inside transportation equipment (vehicles, traction, ships, aircraft) is not described
in this report, but their effect on the surrounding environment is included.
It should be noted that the immunity level requirements chosen for the items are not only
inevitably bound to their environment, but also to the requirements of the applications (e.g. for
reliability or safety purposes). That could lead to more stringent requirements than usual.
These levels may also be established for more general purposes such as generic and product
standards, taking into account statistical and economical aspects as well as common
experiences in certain application fields.
1.2 Normative reference
The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this section of IEC 1000-2. At the time of publication, the edition
indicated was valid. All normative documents are subject to revision and parties to agreements
based on this section of IEC 1000-2 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying
the most recent edition of the normative document indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 50(161): 1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 161: Electro-
magnetic compatibility
1.3 Approach
Classification of the electromagnetic environment is based on the classification or a description
of the electromagnetic phenomena prevailing at typical locations, not on existing test
specifications. However, given a choice among equal possibilities, harmonization with existing
test specifications (if appropriate) will simplify the situation and promote easier acceptance of
the recommendations. The definition of electromagnetic environment in IEC 50(161) makes
reference to “electromagnetic phenomena”. The ter
...
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