IEC 60404-1:2016
(Main)Magnetic materials - Part 1: Classification
Magnetic materials - Part 1: Classification
IEC 60404-1:2016 is intended to classify commercially available magnetic materials. The term "magnetic materials" denotes substances where the application requires the existence of ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic properties. The classification of magnetic materials is based upon the generally recognized existence of two main groups of products:
- soft magnetic materials (coercivity less than or equal to 1 000 A/m);
- hard magnetic materials (coercivity greater than 1 000 A/m). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Removal of all tables and values describing typical properties of the material to be consistent with the aim of the document to be a classification and not a specification.
b) Enlargement of the Ni content for the classes E1 and E3.
c) Enlargement of the Co content for the classes F3.
d) Addition of a new class: U5 bonded rare earth-iron-nitrogen magnets.
Matériaux magnétiques - Partie 1: Classification
L'IEC 60404-1:2016 a pour objet la classification des matériaux magnétiques disponibles commercialement.
Le terme "matériaux magnétiques" décrit les substances dont l'application exige l'existence de propriétés ferromagnétiques ou ferrimagnétiques.
Dans le présent document, la classification des matériaux magnétiques est basée sur l'existence généralement reconnue de deux groupes principaux de produits:
- les matériaux magnétiques doux (coercitivité ≤ 1 000 A/m);
- les matériaux magnétiques durs (coercitivité >1 000 A/m).
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) Suppression de l'ensemble des tableaux et valeurs décrivant les propriétés types du matériau dans un souci de cohérence avec l'objectif du document visant à établir une classification et non une spécification.
b) Augmentation de la teneur en Ni pour les classes E1 et E3.
c) Augmentation de la teneur en Co pour les classes F3.
d) Ajout d'une nouvelle classe: classe U5 - aimants agglomérés terres rares-fer-azote.
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IEC 60404-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2016-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Magnetic materials –
Part 1: Classification
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IEC 60404-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2016-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Magnetic materials –
Part 1: Classification
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.030 ISBN 978-2-8322-3671-0
– 2 – IEC 60404-1:2016 © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Magnetically soft materials (coercivity ≤1 kA/m) . 8
4.1 Class A – Irons . 8
4.1.1 Reference documents . 8
4.1.2 Chemical composition . 8
4.1.3 Basis of subclassification . 8
4.1.4 Available forms . 8
4.1.5 Physical characteristics . 8
4.1.6 Main applications . 8
4.2 Class B – Low carbon mild steels . 9
4.2.1 Class B1 – Bulk material . 9
4.2.2 Class B2 – Flat material. 9
4.3 Class C – Silicon steels . 10
4.3.1 Class C1 – Bulk material . 10
4.3.2 Class C2 – Flat material . 11
4.4 Class D – Other steels . 16
4.4.1 Class D1 – Bulk material . 16
4.4.2 Class D2 – Flat material . 18
4.4.3 Class D3 – Stainless steels . 18
4.5 Class E – Nickel-iron alloys . 19
4.5.1 Class E1 – Nickel content 70 % to 85 % . 19
4.5.2 Class E2 – Nickel content 54 % to 68 % . 20
4.5.3 Class E3 – Nickel content 40 % to 51 % . 21
4.5.4 Class E4 – Nickel content 35 % to 40 % . 22
4.5.5 Class E5 – Nickel content 29 % to 33 % . 23
4.6 Class F – Iron-cobalt alloys . 24
4.6.1 Class F1 – Cobalt content 47 % to 50 % . 24
4.6.2 Class F2 – Cobalt content 35 % . 24
4.6.3 Class F3 – Cobalt content 23 % to 30 % . 25
4.7 Class G – Other alloys . 26
4.7.1 Class G1 – Aluminium-iron alloys . 26
4.7.2 Class G2 – Aluminium-silicon-iron alloys . 27
4.8 Class H – Magnetically soft materials made by powder metallurgical
techniques . 27
4.8.1 Class H1 – Soft ferrites . 27
4.8.2 Class H2 – Magnetically soft sintered materials . 29
4.8.3 Class H3 – Powder composites . 29
4.9 Class I – Amorphous soft magnetic materials . 30
4.9.1 General . 30
4.9.2 Class I1 – Iron-based amorphous alloys . 30
4.9.3 Class I2 – Cobalt-based amorphous alloys . 31
4.9.4 Class I3 – Nickel-based amorphous alloys . 32
4.10 Class J – Nano-crystalline soft magnetic materials . 33
4.10.1 Reference document . 33
4.10.2 Production process . 33
4.10.3 Chemical composition . 33
4.10.4 Basis of subclassification . 33
4.10.5 Available forms . 33
4.10.6 Physical characteristics . 33
4.10.7 Main applications . 34
5 Magnetically hard materials (coercivity > 1 kA/m) . 34
5.1 Class Q – Magnetostrictive alloys – Rare earth iron alloys (Class Q1) . 34
5.1.1 Reference document . 34
5.1.2 Chemical composition . 34
5.1.3 Basis of subclassification . 34
5.1.4 Available forms . 34
5.1.5 Physical characteristics . 34
5.1.6 Main applications . 35
5.2 Class R – Magnetically hard alloys . 35
5.2.1 Class R1 – Aluminium-nickel-cobalt-iron-titanium (AlNiCo) alloys . 35
5.2.2 Class R3 – Iron-cobalt-vanadium-chromium (FeCoVCr) alloys . 36
5.2.3 Class R5 – Rare earth cobalt (RECo) alloys . 36
5.2.4 Class R6 – Chromium-iron-cobalt (CrFeCo) alloys . 37
5.2.5 Class R7 – Rare earth-iron-boron (REFeB) alloys . 38
5.3 Class S – Magnetically hard ceramics – Hard ferrites (Class S1) . 39
5.3.1 Reference document . 39
5.3.2 Chemical composition and manufacturing method . 39
5.3.3 Basis of subclassification . 39
5.3.4 Available forms . 39
5.3.5 Physical characteristics . 40
5.3.6 Main applications . 40
5.4 Class T – Other magnetically hard materials – Martensitic steels (Class T1) . 40
5.4.1 Reference document . 40
5.4.2 Composition . 40
5.4.3 Basis of subclassification . 40
5.4.4 Available forms . 40
5.4.5 Physical characteristics . 40
5.4.6 Main applications . 41
5.5 Class U – Bonded magnetically hard materials. 41
5.5.1 General . 41
5.5.2 Class U1 – Bonded aluminium-nickel-cobalt-iron-titanium (AlNiCo)
magnets . 41
5.5.3 Class U2 – Bonded rare earth-cobalt (RECo) magnets . 42
5.5.4 Class U3 – Bonded neodymium-iron-boron (REFeB) magnets . 42
5.5.5 Class U4 – Bonded hard ferrite magnets . 43
5.5.6 Class U5 – Bonded rare earth-iron-nitrogen magnets . 44
– 4 – IEC 60404-1:2016 © IEC 2016
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MAGNETIC MATERIALS –
Part 1: Classification
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
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governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on
...
IEC 60404-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2016-10
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Magnetic materials –
Part 1: Classification
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
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IEC 60404-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2016-10
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Magnetic materials –
Part 1: Classification
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.030 ISBN 978-2-8322-3714-4
– 2 – IEC 60404-1:2016 RLV © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 General .
1 Scope and object . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Magnetically soft materials (coercivity ≤1 kA/m) . 9
4.1 Class A – Irons . 9
4.1.1 General Reference documents. 9
4.1.2 Chemical composition . 9
4.1.3 Basis of subclassification . 9
4.1.4 Available forms . 9
4.1.5 Physical characteristics . 10
4.1.6 Main applications . 10
4.2 Class B – Low carbon mild steels . 10
4.2.1 Class B1 – Bulk material . 10
4.2.2 Class B2 – Flat material. 11
4.3 Class C – Silicon steels . 12
4.3.1 Class C1 – Bulk material . 12
4.3.2 Class C2 – Flat material . 13
4.4 Class D – Other steels . 20
4.4.1 Class D1 – Bulk material . 20
4.4.2 Class D2 – Flat material . 22
4.4.3 Class D3 – Stainless steels . 23
4.5 Class E – Nickel-iron alloys . 24
4.5.1 Class E1 – Nickel content 72 70 % to 83 85 % . 24
4.5.2 Class E2 – Nickel content 54 % to 68 % . 26
4.5.3 Class E3 – Nickel content 45 40 % to 50 51 % . 27
4.5.4 Class E4 – Nickel content 35 % to 40 % . 29
4.5.5 Class E5 – Nickel content 29 % to 33 % . 30
4.6 Class F – Iron-cobalt alloys . 31
4.6.1 Class F1 – Cobalt content 47 % to 50 % . 31
4.6.2 Class F2 – Cobalt content 35 % . 32
4.6.3 Class F3 – Cobalt content 23 % to 27 30 % . 33
4.7 Class G – Other alloys . 34
4.7.1 Class G1 – Aluminium-iron alloys . 34
4.7.2 Class G2 – Aluminium-silicon-iron alloys . 35
4.8 Class H – Magnetically soft materials made by powder metallurgical
techniques . 35
4.8.1 Class H1 – Soft ferrites . 35
4.8.2 Class H2 – Magnetically soft sintered materials . 37
4.8.3 Class H3 – Powder composites . 39
4.9 Class I – Amorphous soft magnetic materials . 40
4.9.1 General . 40
4.9.2 Class I1 – Iron-based amorphous alloys . 40
4.9.3 Class I2 – Cobalt-based amorphous alloys . 41
4.9.4 Class I3 – Nickel-based amorphous alloys . 42
4.10 Class J – Nano-crystalline soft magnetic materials . 43
4.10.1 Reference document . 43
4.10.2 Production process . 43
4.10.3 Chemical composition . 43
4.10.4 Basis of subclassification . 43
4.10.5 Available forms . 43
4.10.6 Physical characteristics . 43
4.10.7 Main applications . 44
5 Magnetically hard materials (coercivity > 1 kA/m) . 44
5.1 Class Q – Magnetostrictive alloys – Rare earth iron alloys (Class Q1) . 44
5.1.1 General Reference documents. 44
5.1.2 Chemical composition . 44
5.1.3 Basis of subclassification . 44
5.1.4 Available forms . 44
5.1.5 Physical characteristics . 44
5.1.6 Main applications . 45
5.2 Class R – Magnetically hard alloys . 45
5.2.1 Class R1 – Aluminium-nickel-cobalt-iron-titanium (AlNiCo) alloys . 45
5.2.2 Class R3 – Iron-cobalt-vanadium-chromium (FeCoVCr) alloys . 46
5.2.3 Class R5 – Rare earth cobalt (RECo) alloys . 47
5.2.4 Class R6 – Chromium-iron-cobalt (CrFeCo) alloys . 48
5.2.5 Class R7 – Rare earth-iron-boron (REFeB) alloys . 49
5.3 Class S – Magnetically hard ceramics – Hard ferrites (Class S1) . 50
5.3.1 General Reference document . 50
5.3.2 Chemical composition and manufacturing method . 50
5.3.3 Basis of subclassification . 51
5.3.4 Available forms . 51
5.3.5 Physical characteristics . 51
5.3.6 Main applications . 51
5.4 Class T – Other magnetically hard materials – Martensitic steels (Class T1) . 51
5.4.1 General Reference document . 51
5.4.2 Composition . 51
5.4.3 Basis of subclassification . 51
5.4.4 Available forms . 52
5.4.5 Physical characteristics . 52
5.4.6 Main applications . 52
5.5 Class U – Bonded magnetically hard materials. 52
5.5.1 General . 52
5.5.2 Class U1 – Bonded aluminium-nickel-cobalt-iron-titanium (AlNiCo)
magnets . 53
5.5.3 Class U2 – Bonded rare earth-cobalt (RECo) magnets . 53
5.5.4 Class U3 – Bonded neodymium-iron-boron (REFeB) magnets . 54
5.5.5 Class U4 – Bonded hard ferrites magnets . 55
5.5.6 Class U5 – Bonded rare earth-iron-nitrogen magnets . 56
Table 1 – Ranges of chemical composition .
Table 2 – Ranges of specified values for magnetic properties .
Table 3 – Ranges of typical values of magnetic and mechanical properties .
Table 4 – Ranges of specified values of maximum specific total loss .
– 4 – IEC 60404-1:2016 RLV © IEC 2016
Table 5 – Ranges of specified values for magnetic and electric properties .
Table 6 – Ranges of specified values of maximum specific total loss .
Table 7 – Ranges of specified values of maximum specific total loss .
Table 8 – Ranges of typical values of maximum specific loss .
Table 9 – Specified values of maximum specific total loss .
Tab
...
IEC 60404-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2016-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Magnetic materials –
Part 1: Classification
Matériaux magnétiques –
Partie 1: Classification
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latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
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IEC 60404-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2016-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Magnetic materials –
Part 1: Classification
Matériaux magnétiques –
Partie 1: Classification
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.030 ISBN 978-2-8322-5157-7
– 2 – IEC 60404-1:2016 © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Magnetically soft materials (coercivity ≤1 kA/m) . 8
4.1 Class A – Irons . 8
4.1.1 Reference documents . 8
4.1.2 Chemical composition . 8
4.1.3 Basis of subclassification . 8
4.1.4 Available forms . 8
4.1.5 Physical characteristics . 8
4.1.6 Main applications . 8
4.2 Class B – Low carbon mild steels . 9
4.2.1 Class B1 – Bulk material . 9
4.2.2 Class B2 – Flat material. 9
4.3 Class C – Silicon steels . 10
4.3.1 Class C1 – Bulk material . 10
4.3.2 Class C2 – Flat material . 11
4.4 Class D – Other steels . 16
4.4.1 Class D1 – Bulk material . 16
4.4.2 Class D2 – Flat material . 18
4.4.3 Class D3 – Stainless steels . 18
4.5 Class E – Nickel-iron alloys . 19
4.5.1 Class E1 – Nickel content 70 % to 85 % . 19
4.5.2 Class E2 – Nickel content 54 % to 68 % . 20
4.5.3 Class E3 – Nickel content 40 % to 51 % . 21
4.5.4 Class E4 – Nickel content 35 % to 40 % . 22
4.5.5 Class E5 – Nickel content 29 % to 33 % . 23
4.6 Class F – Iron-cobalt alloys . 24
4.6.1 Class F1 – Cobalt content 47 % to 50 % . 24
4.6.2 Class F2 – Cobalt content 35 % . 24
4.6.3 Class F3 – Cobalt content 23 % to 30 % . 25
4.7 Class G – Other alloys . 26
4.7.1 Class G1 – Aluminium-iron alloys . 26
4.7.2 Class G2 – Aluminium-silicon-iron alloys . 27
4.8 Class H – Magnetically soft materials made by powder metallurgical
techniques . 28
4.8.1 Class H1 – Soft ferrites . 28
4.8.2 Class H2 – Magnetically soft sintered materials . 29
4.8.3 Class H3 – Powder composites . 30
4.9 Class I – Amorphous soft magnetic materials . 30
4.9.1 General . 30
4.9.2 Class I1 – Iron-based amorphous alloys . 31
4.9.3 Class I2 – Cobalt-based amorphous alloys . 32
4.9.4 Class I3 – Nickel-based amorphous alloys . 33
4.10 Class J – Nano-crystalline soft magnetic materials . 33
4.10.1 Reference document . 33
4.10.2 Production process . 33
4.10.3 Chemical composition . 34
4.10.4 Basis of subclassification . 34
4.10.5 Available forms . 34
4.10.6 Physical characteristics . 34
4.10.7 Main applications . 34
5 Magnetically hard materials (coercivity > 1 kA/m) . 35
5.1 Class Q – Magnetostrictive alloys – Rare earth iron alloys (Class Q1) . 35
5.1.1 Reference document . 35
5.1.2 Chemical composition . 35
5.1.3 Basis of subclassification . 35
5.1.4 Available forms . 35
5.1.5 Physical characteristics . 35
5.1.6 Main applications . 35
5.2 Class R – Magnetically hard alloys . 35
5.2.1 Class R1 – Aluminium-nickel-cobalt-iron-titanium (AlNiCo) alloys . 35
5.2.2 Class R3 – Iron-cobalt-vanadium-chromium (FeCoVCr) alloys . 36
5.2.3 Class R5 – Rare earth cobalt (RECo) alloys . 37
5.2.4 Class R6 – Chromium-iron-cobalt (CrFeCo) alloys . 38
5.2.5 Class R7 – Rare earth-iron-boron (REFeB) alloys . 39
5.3 Class S – Magnetically hard ceramics – Hard ferrites (Class S1) . 40
5.3.1 Reference document . 40
5.3.2 Chemical composition and manufacturing method . 40
5.3.3 Basis of subclassification . 40
5.3.4 Available forms . 40
5.3.5 Physical characteristics . 41
5.3.6 Main a
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