IEC 62604-2:2011

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) duplexers of assessed quality - Part 2: Guideline for the use

IEC 62604-2:2011 concerns the duplexers, which can separate receiving signal from transmitting signal and are key components for two-way radio communications. They are generally used in mobile phones using CDMA systems such as N-CDMA, W-CDMA / Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). So far, dielectric duplexers have been mainly used. However, recently SAW duplexers, which are utilized surface acoustic wave (SAW), are becoming popular and replacing the dielectric duplexers year by year in recent mobile phones, because of their advantage of small size, light weight and good electrical performances. In addition to SAW duplexers, BAW duplexers, which are utilized bulk acoustic wave (BAW), are also becoming in the spotlight and popular because of their higher Q property and better performances especially in PCS band. It is neither the aim of these guidelines to explain theory, nor to attempt to cover all the eventualities which may arise in practical circumstances. These guidelines draw attention to some of the more fundamental questions, which should be considered by the user before he places an order for SAW and BAW duplexers for a new application. Such a procedure will be the user's insurance against unsatisfactory performance. Because SAW and BAW duplexers have very similar performance for the usage, it is useful and convenient for users that both duplexers are described in one standard.

Duplexeurs à ondes acoustiques de surface (OAS) et à ondes acoustiques de volume (OAV) sous assurance de la qualité - Partie 2: Lignes directrices d'utilisation

La CEI 62604-2:2011 concerne les duplexeurs qui peuvent séparer les signaux en réception des signaux en émission et qui sont des composants essentiels pour les radiocommunications bilatérales. Ils sont généralement utilisés dans les téléphones mobiles qui utilisent les systèmes CDMA comme les systèmes N-CDMA, W-CDMA / Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). Jusqu'à présent, les duplexeurs diélectriques étaient majoritairement utilisés. Toutefois, au cours de la période récente, les duplexeurs OAS qui utilisent des ondes acoustiques de surface (OAS) se répandent et au fil des années ils remplacent les duplexeurs diélectriques dans les téléphones mobiles récents car ils présentent les avantages suivants: petites dimensions, faible poids et bonnes performances électriques. A côté des duplexeurs OAS, les duplexeurs OAV qui utilisent les ondes acoustiques de volume (OAV) sont de plus en plus connus et appréciés en raison de leur propriété Q plus élevée et de leurs meilleures performances en particulier dans la bande PCS. Les présentes lignes directrices ne sont pas destinées à expliquer la théorie de ces duplexeurs ni à couvrir toutes les situations qui peuvent apparaître dans la pratique. Elles attirent l'attention sur certains des aspects les plus importants qu'il convient qu'un utilisateur prenne en compte avant de passer commande pour des duplexeurs OAS et OAV pour une nouvelle application. Ainsi, l'utilisateur évitera d'être confronté à des performances non satisfaisantes. Dans la mesure où les duplexeurs OAS et les duplexeurs OAV présentent des performances très similaires dans leur utilisation, il est utile et pratique pour les utilisateurs que les deux types soient décrits dans une seule norme.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 27-Nov-2011
• ICS: 17.140.20 - Noise emitted by machines and equipment
• ICS: 31.140 - Piezoelectric devices
• ICS: 97.100.10 - Electric heaters
• Technical Committee: TC 49 - Piezoelectric, dielectric and electrostatic devices and associated materials for frequency control, selection and detection
• Drafting Committee: WG 10 - TC 49/WG 10
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Start Date: 29-Nov-2017
• Completion Date: 26-Oct-2025

Relations

• Revised: IEC 62604-2:2017 - Surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) duplexers of assessed quality - Part 2: Guidelines for the use
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 62604-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2011-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) duplexers of
assessed quality –
Part 2: Guidelines for the use

Duplexeurs à ondes acoustiques de surface (OAS) et à ondes acoustiques de
volume (OAV) sous assurance de la qualité –
Partie 2: Lignes directrices d’utilisation

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IEC 62604-2 ®
Edition 1.0 2011-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) duplexers of
assessed quality –
Part 2: Guidelines for the use

Duplexeurs à ondes acoustiques de surface (OAS) et à ondes acoustiques de
volume (OAV) sous assurance de la qualité –
Partie 2: Lignes directrices d’utilisation

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX S
ICS 31.140 ISBN 978-2-88912-712-2

– 2 – 62604-2  IEC:2011
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3

1 Scope . 5

2 Normative references . 5

3 Technical considerations . 6

4 Fundamentals of SAW and BAW duplexers . 6

4.1 Basic function . 6

4.1.1 TX filter response (Filter response from TX port to antenna port) . 7

4.1.2 RX filter response (Filter response from antenna port to RX port) . 7
4.1.3 Isolation (Isolation from TX port to RX port) . 7
4.2 Basic structure . 8
4.3 Principle of operation . 9
5 SAW and BAW duplexer characteristics. 11
5.1 General conditions for SAW and BAW duplexers . 11
5.2 Typical characteristics of SAW and BAW duplexer . 14
5.2.1 UMTS Duplexer . 14
5.2.2 US CDMA Duplexer . 14
5.2.3 PCS CDMA Duplexer . 14
6 Application Guide . 18
6.1 Power durability . 18
6.2 Inter-modulation . 18
6.3 Measurement method for the duplexer. 18
6.4 Static electricity . 19
Bibliography . 20

Figure 1 – Basic duplexer configuration . 6
Figure 2 – Basic TX filter response example of SAW and BAW duplexers . 7
Figure 3 – Basic RX filter response example of SAW and BAW duplexers . 8
Figure 4 – Basic isolation response example of SAW and BAW duplexers . 8
Figure 5 – The block diagram of duplexer . 9
Figure 6 – The demanded condition of TX part for duplexers . 10
Figure 7 – Phase rotation in TX part . 10

Figure 8 – The demanded condition of RX part for duplexers . 11
Figure 9 – Typical wide range frequency response of TX filter . 12
Figure 10 – Typical wide range frequency response of RX filter for upper local system . 13
Figure 11 – Phase shifter by micro-strip line on the surface of a ceramic package . 13
Figure 12 – Lumped element phase shifter . 13
Figure 13 – Duplexer configuration . 13
Figure 14 – Frequency characteristics of SAW Duplexer for UMTS system . 15
Figure 15 – Frequency characteristics of SAW Duplexer for US CDMA system . 16
)
Figure 16 – Frequency characteristics of BAW Duplexer for PCS CDMA system . 17
Figure 17 – 4 port network analyzer . 19

Table 1 – Frequency allocation of typical UMTS bands . 7

62604-2  IEC:2011 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________
SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE (SAW) AND

BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE (BAW) DUPLEXERS

OF ASSESSED QUALITY –
Part 2: Guidelines for the use

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of

patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62604-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 49:
Piezoelectric, dielectric and electrostatic devices and associated materials for frequency
control, selection and detection.
NOTE In this standard, SAW and BAW duplexers are treated simultaneously because both duplexers are used in
the same manner especially in mobile phones and have same requirements of characteristics, test method and so
on.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
49/974/FDIS 49/985A/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.

– 4 – 62604-2  IEC:2011
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

A list of all parts of IEC 62604 series under the general title: Surface acoustic wave (SAW)

and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) duplexers of assessed quality, can be found on the IEC

website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until

the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data

related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be

• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
62604-2  IEC:2011 – 5 –
SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE (SAW) AND

BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE (BAW) DUPLEXERS

OF ASSESSED QUALITY –
Part 2: Guidelines for the use

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62604 concerns the duplexers, which can separate receiving signal from
transmitting signal and are key components for two-way radio communications. They are
generally used in mobile phones using CDMA systems such as N-CDMA, W-CDMA /
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). So far, dielectric duplexers have been
mainly used. However, recently SAW duplexers, which are utilized surface acoustic wave
(SAW), are becoming popular and replacing the dielectric duplexers year by year in recent
mobile phones, because of their advantage of small size, light weight and good electrical
performances. In addition to SAW duplexers, BAW duplexers, which are utilized bulk acoustic
wave (BAW), are also becoming in the spotlight and popular because of their higher Q
property and better performances especially in PCS band.
It is neither the aim of these guidelines to explain theory, nor to attempt to cover all the
eventualities which may arise in practical circumstances. These guidelines draw attention to
some of the more fundamental questions, which should be considered by the user before he
places an order for SAW and BAW duplexers for a new application. Such a procedure will be
the user’s insurance against unsatisfactory performance. Because SAW and BAW duplexers
have very similar performance for the usage, it is useful and convenient for users that both
duplexers are described in one standard.
Standard specifications, such as those of IEC of which these guidelines form a part, and
national specifications or detail specifications issued by manufacturers, will define the
available combinations of centre frequency, pass bandwidth and insertion attenuation for each
of transmitting and receiving filters and isolation level between transmitting and receiving
ports, etc. These specifications are compiled to include a wide range of SAW and BAW
duplexers with standardized performances. It cannot be over-emphasized that the user should,
wherever possible, select his duplexers from these specifications, when available, even if it
may lead to making small modifications to his circuit to enable the use of standard duplexers.
This applies particularly to the selection of the normal frequency.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60862-1:2003, Surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters of assessed quality – Part 1: Generic
specification
IEC 60862-2:2002, Surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters of assessed quality – Part 2: Guide to
the use
IEC 61019-2:2005, Surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators – Part 2: Guide to the use

– 6 – 62604-2  IEC:2011
3 Technical considerations
It is of prime interest to a user that the duplexer characteristics should satisfy particular

specifications. The selection of the front-end circuits in mobile phones and SAW and BAW

duplexers to meet such specifications should be a matter of agreement between the user and

the manufacturer.
Duplexer characteristics are usually expressed in terms of centre frequency, pass bandwidth

and insertion attenuation for each of transmitting and receiving filter parts in the duplexer and

isolation level between transmitting and receiving ports. Since the SAW and BAW duplexer is

used in RF front-end of the mobile phones, lower insertion attenuation, higher

isolation/rejection level, stronger power durability and smaller/thinner package dimension are
strictly required.
4 Fundamentals of SAW and BAW duplexers
4.1 Basic function
Duplexers are necessary for mobile phones to simultaneously receive and transmit signal.
Duplexers are 3-port devices which consist of Antenna port, Transmitter port (TX port) and
Receiver port (RX port) shown in Figure 1. It has three basic functions. First one is to transmit
transmitting signal from TX port to Antenna port. Second one is to transmit receiving signal
from Antenna port to RX port. Last one is to prevent from leaking transmitting signal from TX
port to RX port. The transmitting frequency and the receiving frequency are determined
corresponding to each mobile phone system. For example, Table 1 shows typical allocated
frequency bands for UMTS.
RRXX s siignagnall
RX signal
AAntnteennnnaa
Antenna
RX port
RRXX por portt
Duplexer
DDuplupleexxeerr
TX signal
TXTX s siignagnall
TX port
TXTX por portt
IEC  2208/11
Figure 1 – Basic duplexer configuration

62604-2  IEC:2011 – 7 –
Table 1 – Frequency allocation of typical UMTS bands

Transmitting frequency Receiving frequency

Band
(MHz) (MHz)
I 1 920-1 980 2 110-2 170
II 1 850-1 910 1 930-1 990
III 1 710-1 785 1 805-1 880
IV 1 710-1 755 2 110-2 155
V 824-849 869-894
VIII 880-915 925-960
4.1.1 TX filter response (Filter response from TX port to antenna port)
Figure 2 shows frequency characteristics example of the TX filter. The required frequency
characteristics are low insertion attenuation in transmitting frequency band (f ), high insertion
T
attenuation in receiving frequency band (f ) and good impedance matching.
R
4.1.2 RX filter response (Filter response from antenna port to RX port)
Figure 3 shows frequency characteristics example of the RX filter. The required frequency
characteristics are low insertion attenuation in receiving band (f ) and high insertion
R
attenuation in transmitting frequency band (f ).
T
4.1.3 Isolation (Isolation from TX port to RX port)
Figure 4 shows isolation characteristics example. One of the important functions for the
duplexers is isolation characteristics which show the frequency dependence of the leakage
power from the TX port to the RX port.

f
T
f
R
Frequency
IEC  2209/11
Figure 2 – Basic TX filter response example of SAW and BAW duplexers
Attenuation  (dB)
– 8 – 62604-2  IEC:2011
f
R
f
T
Frequency
IEC  2210/11
Figure 3 – Basic RX filter response example of SAW and BAW duplexers

f
R
f
T
Frequency
IEC  2211/11
Figure 4 – Basic isolation response example of SAW and BAW duplexers
4.2 Basic structure
Duplexers are 3-port devices/modules, which enable to transmit and receive signals
simultaneously through a common antenna. A basic structure of duplexers is shown in Figure

5. SAW and BAW duplexers consist of a transmitting (TX) part and a receiving (RX) part.
These two parts, which may add a phase shifter, are connected to antenna port. The phase
and Z
shifter is utilized to prevent the interaction between the filters. In the Figure 5, Z
t r
correspond to the impedance of TX and RX part at the antenna port side, whereas Z is the
o
impedance of antenna port. The following conditions must be fulfilled to achieve the duplexer
functions.
Z ≅ Z << Z  in the TX pass-band
o t r
Z ≅ Z << Z in the RX pass-band
o r t
DMS (Double Mode SAW) type SAW filters which are also known as longitudinally coupled
) )
1 2
resonator filters , ladder type SAW and BAW filters and other type of SAW filters such as
—————————
)
See IEC 60862-2:2002, 6.3.
)
See IEC 60862-2:2002, 6.2.
Attenuation  (dB) Attenuation  (dB)

62604-2  IEC:2011 – 9 –
)
interdigitated interdigital transducer (IIDT) can be adopted as TX and RX filters. High power

durability is required in the TX filters.

4.3 Principle of operation
In the TX pass-band, the impedance of the TX part in the antenna port side (Z ) is almost the
t
same as that of antenna(Z ), while that of the RX part (Z ) is much higher, which means that
o r
at the antenna port, the RX part has large reflection coefficient in this band.

Z ≅ Z << Z  in the TX pass-band
o t r
On the other hand, in the RX pass-band, the impedance of the RX part at the antenna port
side (Z ) is almost the same as that of antenna (Z ), while that of the TX part (Z ) is much
r o t
higher. This also means the TX part has large reflection coefficient in this band.
Z ≅ Z << Z  in the RX pass-band
o r t
TX part
Z
o
Z
t
TX filter
Phase shifter
TX port
Antenna port
RX port
Phase shifter RX filter
Z
r
RX part
IEC  2212/11
Figure 5 – The block diagram of duplexer

The transmitter signal applied to the TX port passes through the TX filter and then flows to the
Antenna port, not the RX filter. The received signal from Antenna port doesn’t flow to the TX
filter, but to the RX filter. As a result, the TX part and the RX part can share the common
antenna port. In the following explanation, the impedance of the antenna (Z ) is assumed to
o
be 50 Ω. The S curve of TX part at the antenna port side must satisfy the demanded
condition indicated in Figure 6. The impedance of its pass-band must be around 50 Ω. In the
rejection band, the impedance must be sufficiently larger than 50 Ω. In the actual duplexer,
the S trace in the Smith chart of the TX filter is rotated to its optimum state by a phase
shifter, as shown in Figure 7. On the other hand, the frequency characteristics of S remain
the same as that of without phase shifter. Figure 8 shows the S frequency characteristics
and S demanded condition of RX part.
—————————
)
See IEC 60862-2:2002, 6.4.
– 10 – 62604-2  IEC:2011
–10,0
Mk1: 824,0 MHz
0,0
S = –1,83 dB
10,0
Mk2: 849,0 MHz
S = –1,85 dB
20,0
Mk3: 869,0 MHz
30,0
S = –57,96 dB
40,0
Mk4: 894,0 MHz
50,0
S = –46,91 dB
60,0
70,0
Pass-band Rejection-band
Pass - band Rejection - band
80,0
90,0
760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960
Frequency (MHz)
IEC  2213/11
The area demanded
Pass-band
for pass-band
Z ≅ 50 Ω (| г | < 0,33)
t
Rejection-band
The area demanded
for rejection-band
Z ≥ 50 Ω (| г | ∼ 1,0)
t
IEC  2214/11
Figure 6 – Demanded condition of TX part for duplexers

Z Z
t t
TX filter TX filter
Phase shifter
S S
11 11
Phase rotation
Before phase rotation After phase rotation
IEC  2215/11 IEC  2216/11
Figure 7 – Phase rotation in TX part
Attenuation  (dB)
62604-2  IEC:2011 – 11 –
0,0
Mk1: 824,0 MHz
S = –85,098 dB
–10,0 31
Mk2: 849,0 MHz
–20,0
S = –61,142 dB
–30,0
Mk3: 869,0 MHz
–40,0
S = –2,279 dB
–50,0
Mk4: 894,0 MHz
S = –2,058 dB
–60,0 31
–70,0
–80,0
–90,0
–100,0
760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960

IEC  2217/11
Frequency (MHz)
Z
r
RX filter
Phase shifter
S
The area demanded
Pass-band
for pass-band
Z ≅ 50 Ω (| г | < 0,33)
r
The area demanded
for rejection-band
Z ≥ 50 Ω (| г | ∼ 1,0)
r
Rejection-band
IEC  2218/11
Figure 8 – Demanded condition of RX part for duplexers

5 SAW and BAW duplexer characteristics
5.1 General conditions for SAW and BAW duplexers
TX filter, RX filter and phase shifter, which compose SAW and BAW duplexer as shown in 4.2,
are described in this section. Duplexer assemble configuration is also explained here.
– TX filter
The TX filter of the duplexers needs high power durability against the transmitting signal.
To ensure the durability against high power such as one watt or so, ladder filter or lattice
filter is used for the TX filter because of their higher power durability among several types
of SAW and BAW filters. SAW filters are described in 6.2 of IEC 60862-2:2002.
Besides of low insertion attenuation in TX band (f ) and high insertion attenuation in RX
T
band (f ) described in 4.1, high attenuation in the second harmonic (2f ) and the third
R T
harmonic (3f ) is also important. The attenuation in spurious frequency (f ) suppresses
T SP
Attenuation  (dB)
– 12 – 62604-2  IEC:2011
inter-modulation signal at f = 2f – f . The typical frequency response is shown in

R T SP
Figure 9.
– RX filter
Transmitting power passes through the TX filter and attacks the antenna port side of the

RX filter. Filter types used for the TX filter can be adopted for the RX filter, but
longitudinally coupled resonator filter has possibility of adoption with trap elements to

block the transmitting power.
Besides of low insertion attenuation in RX band(f ) and high insertion attenuation in TX
R
band(f ) described in 4.1, heterodyne receiver with the intermediate frequency (f )
T IF
demands high attenuation in the local oscillation frequency(f ) and the image frequency

LO
(f = f + f for upper local system). Inter-modulation signal in f can be reduced by

IM LO IF R
high attenuation in the duplex image frequency (f = 2f – f ). The typical frequency
DIM T R
response is shown in Figure 10.
– Phase shifter
There are various styles of phase shifters according to duplexer configurations and out-of-
band complex impedance of TX and RX filters. To construct the phase shifter of a delay
line with the desired electrical length, strip line is located between the inside layers of a
package, or micro-strip line is located on the surface of a package as shown in Figure 11.
Figure 12 shows lumped element phase shifter. Suitable number of lumped elements is
not fixed to three. In some cases no phase shifter is necessary.
– Duplexer configuration
Figure 13 shows two types of the duplexer configuration. They have merits and demerits in
characteristics, size, cost and other items.
Figure 13(a) is module type, which mounts SAW and BAW filters and other components on
the substrate such as printed board. Figure 13(b) shows device type, which seals the
package after mounting SAW and BAW filter bare chips on the package such as multi-
layered ceramics. In those two types, TX and RX filters/chips are separated each other,
and there is a possibility of single filter/chip solution.

f
SP
f
T
3f
T
2f
T
f
R
Frequency
IEC  2219/11
Figure 9 – Typical wide range frequency response of TX filter
AAtttenuattenuatiion on  ( dBdB )

62604-2  IEC:2011 – 13 –
f
R
f
DIM
f f
LO IM
f
T
Frequency
IEC  2220 /11
Figure 10 – Typical wide range frequency response of RX filter for upper local system

IEC  2221/11
Figure 11 – Phase shifter by micro-strip line on the surface of a ceramic package

TX filter TX port
Antenna port
RX filter
RX port
Phase shifter
IEC  2222/11
Figure 12 – Lumped element phase shifter

SAW/BAW
filters
SAW/BAW
Metal lid
Discrete components
Metal cover
chips
for phase shifter
Printed board
Microstrip line
(phase shifter)
IEC  2223/11
Ceramics multilayer
IEC  2224/11
substrate
(a) Module type (b) Device type
Figure 13 – Duplexer configuration
Attenuation dB
Attenuation  (dB)
– 14 – 62604-2  IEC:2011
5.2 Typical characteristics of SAW and BAW duplexer

5.2.1 UMTS Duplexer
As an example of a duplexer for UMTS system, SAW duplexer for UMTS Band I is shown in
this part. The frequency regulation of Band I is provided by 3rd generation partnership project

(3GPP). The transmitter and receiver pass bands in the handset are 1 920 MHz to

1 980 MHz and 2 110 MHz to 2 170 MHz, respectively. Both frequency bands are indicated by

f and f in Figure 14. Size of this duplexer is typically 4,9 mm × 4,9 mm × 1,7 mm. A
T R
41 ° rotated Y cut X propagated LiNbO crystal is used as substrate. The structure of the filter
is a ladder (see 6.2 of IEC 60862-2:2002), and the electrodes material is made by Al-Ti alloy

for high power durability.
Frequency characteristics of this SAW duplexer for UMTS are shown in Figure 14. The typical
insertion attenuation from TX port to Antenna port and that from Antenna port to RX port are
1,4 dB and 2,3d B, respectively. The isolation values between transmitter and receiver ports
are typically 48 dB for the TX band and 40 dB for the RX band.
5.2.2 US CDMA Duplexer
The frequency characteristics example of US CDMA duplexer is shown in Figure 15. This type
of duplexer is also applicable to UMTS Band V. The TX pass-band frequency is 824 MHz to
849 MHz, while RX pass-band frequency is 869 MHz to 894 MHz. Both frequency bands are
indicated by f and f in the figure. The dimension of this duplexer is typically
T R
3,8 mm × 3,8 mm × 1,6 mm. Rotated Y cut X propagated LiTaO crystal ,which rotated angle
is optimized around 36 °, is used as a substrate. The ladder type SAW filters are used for
both TX and RX parts. Typical insertion attenuation is 1,8 dB from TX port to Antenna port.
And 2.5dB typical insertion attenuation is from Antenna port to RX port. The isolation between
TX port and RX port is typically 60 dB for the TX band and 47 dB for the RX band.
5.2.3 PCS CDMA Duplexer
According to Table 1, the guard band or a gap distance between transmitting and receiving
frequency for UMTS band II or PCS band is relatively narrow, high Q characteristics or sharp
filter response in transition band is required. From this requirement, BAW duplexers which are
composed of film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR) or solidly mounted resonators (SMR) are
mainly used for PCS CDMA duplexers. The frequency characteristics example of PCS CDMA
duplexer using FBAR is shown in Figure 16. The TX pass-band frequency is 1 850 MHz to 1
910 MHz, while RX pass-band frequency is 1 930 MHz to 1 990 MHz. This duplexer can
comply the maximum insertion loss of 3,5 dB for TX part and 4,0 dB for RX part, with
excellent transition band responses between TX and RX bands. Also, the maximum isolation
values between transmitter and receiver ports are 54 dB for the TX band and 43 dB for the RX
band.
62604-2  IEC:2011 – 15 –
0 0
RX
TxTx RxRx
TX
fff TT fff RR
T R
1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4
1.1.6     1.6     1.7 7 1.1.8    8     1. 1.9 9 2.2.0 0 22.1.1 22.2.2 2.2.3  3  22.4.4
Frequency  (GHz)
IEC  2225/11
FFrreequequencncyy ((GGHHzz))

a) Amplitude responses of the duplexer from TX port to antenna port and
from Antenna port to RX port (near pass-band)

0 0
ffTT ffRR
f f
T R
1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4
1.1.6     1.6     1.7 7 1.1.8    8     1. 1.9 9 2.2.0 0 22.1.1 22.2.2 2.2.3  3  22.4.4
Frequency  (GHz)
IEC  2226/11
FFrreequequencncyy ((GGHHzz))

b) Isolation characteristics of the duplexer between RX port and TX port

0 0
3f
T
3f3f3fTTT
2f
T
2f2f2fTTT
0,00.0.00 1,1.1.050505 2,22.1.11 3.3.3,151515 444,.2.22 5.5.5,252525 6,66.3.33
Frequency  (GHz)
IEC  2227/11
FFrreequequencncyy ((GGHHzz))

c) Amplitude responses of the duplexer from TX port to antenna port (d.c. to 6 GHz)
Figure 14 – Frequency characteristics of SAW Duplexer for UMTS system

AAtttteenunuaattiioon n ((dBdB))
Attenuation  (dB) AAttAtteettenuanunuaatttion iioon n  (dB((dBdB) )) AAttAtteettenuanunuaatttion iioon n  (dB((dBdB) ))

– 16 – 62604-2  IEC:2011
0,0
TX RX
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
f f
T R
90,0
100,0
760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960

Frequency  (MHz)
IEC  2228/11
a) Amplitude responses of the duplexer from TX port to antenna port and
from antenna port to RX port (near pass-band)
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
f f
T R
90,0
100,0
760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960

Frequency  (MHz)
IEC  2229/11
b) Isolation characteristics of the duplexer between RX port and TX port
10,0,00
0,0
10,0
20,0
3f
T
30,0
40,0
2f
T
50,0
60,0
70,0
80,0
90,0
0 300 600 900 1 200 1 500 1 800 2 100 2 400 2 700 3 000

Frequency  (MHz)
IEC  2230/11
c) Amplitude responses of the duplexer from TX port to antenna port (d.c. to 3 GHz)
Figure 15 – Frequency characteristics of SAW Duplexer for US CDMA system

Attenuation  (dB) Attenuation  (dB) Attenuation  (dB)

62604-2  IEC:2011 – 17 –
3,5 dB 4,0 dB
43 dB
52 dB
1 750 1 800 1 850 1 900 1 950 2 000 2 050
Frequency  (MHz)
IEC  2231/11
a) Amplitude responses of the duplexer from TX port to antenna port and
from antenna port to RX port (near pass-band)

43 dB
54 dB
1 750 1 800 1 850 1 900 1 950 2 000 2 050
Frequency  (MHz)
IEC  2232/11
b) Isolation characteristics of the duplexer between RX port and TX port
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency  (GHz)
IEC  2233/11
c) Amplitude responses of the duplexer from TX port to antenna port (d.c. to 6 GHz)
)
Figure 16 – Frequency characteristics of BAW Duplexer for PCS CDMA system
—————————
)
P.Bradley et al.: "A 6-port Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator (FBAR) Multiplexer For US CDMA Handsets Permitting
use of PCS, US CDMA and GPS with a single Antenna”, Proc. IEEE Ultrasonics Symp., pp.325-328, 2006.
Attenuation  (dB)
Attenuation  (dB)
Attenuation  (dB)
– 18 – 62604-2  IEC:2011
6 Application guidelines
6.1 Power durability
High power durability of about 1 W is necessary for SAW and BAW duplexer. Technically,

they are explained in 5.5 of IEC 61019-2:2005. There are two modes of damage by power

durability.
The first mode is breakdown. High voltage makes SAW electrodes destroyed momentarily.

Input power should be considered to prevent from their breakdown.

The second mode is stress migration. The excessive repeated mechanical stress may induce
electrode deteriorations, such as voids and hillocks. They cause frequency shift and insertion
attenuation degradation of SAW duplexer.
In order to protect the duplexer from such deteriorations, and to keep the duplexer work for
long enough time, the drive level shall be less than about 1 watt. Various technologies of high
power durability in SAW devices to extend their life time have been studied, and they are
described in 5.5 of IEC 61019-2:2005.
In case of BAW duplexer, it is said that its durability is stronger than SAW’s. However, more
detail studies and reports are required technically.
6.2 Inter-modulation
BAW duplexer loaded in high power might cause inter-modulation
Nonlinearity of SAW and
distortion, which generates unwanted output signals in stopband areas, which are shown by
Figure 9 and Figure 10. Detail technical information is described in 5.5.7 of IEC 60862-1:2003.
6.3 Measurement method for the duplexer
Measurement method shall be basically performed in accordance with the measurement
method of IEC 60862-1:2003. However, in the evaluation of the duplexer, the instructions
given by the application notes from a vender should be considered. Because the duplexer is
three port device, the multi-port type network analyzers are recommended to use. Figure 17
shows a schematic diagram of 4-port type network analyzer, as an example.
However, conventional 2-port type network analyzer can be also used for measuring the
characteristics between any two ports chosen from three ports of the duplexer with 50 Ω
termination of un-chosen port. A vector voltmeter or other filter test equipment can be also
applicable in the same way instead of the network analyzer.

62604-2  IEC:2011 – 19 –
Network Analyzer
Source
Transfer switch
R1 R2 R3 R4
T1 T2 T3 T4
Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4
50 Ω
Duplexer
IEC  2234/11
Figure 17 – 4 port network analyzer
6.4 Static electricity
Since the duplexers are used in front-end of the mobile phones, static electricity very easily
come into the antenna port of them, and the countermeasure against the static electricity is
generally required. As the electrode gap of IDT in the duplexer is very narrow, especially for
high frequency range, and it might be a cause of degradation or destruction to apply static
electricity to a SAW duplexer, it is necessary to be taken care not to apply static electricity or
excessive voltage while transporting, assembling and measuring.
If the substrate material has large pyro-electricity, excessive voltage may occur while rapid
temperature changes. In order to prevent from such occurrence, it is necessary to be taken
care not to add the thermal shock. In the soldering process, adequate preheating is effective.

– 20 – 62604-2  IEC:2011
Bibliography
IEC 61019-1:2004, Surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators – Part 1: Generic specification

IEC 62047-7:2011, Semiconductor devices – Micro-electromechanical devices – Part 7:
MEMS BAW filter and duplexer for radio frequency control and selection

____________
– 22 – 62604-2  CEI:2011
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 24

1 Domaine d'application . 26

2 Références normatives . 26

3 Aspects techniques . 27

4 Aspects fondamentaux des duplexeurs OAS et OAV . 27

4.1 Fonction de base . 27

4.1.1 Réponse du filtre TX (réponse du filtre entre l’accès TX et l’accès

d’antenne) . 28
4.1.2 Réponse du filtre RX (réponse du filtre entre l’accès d’antenne et
l’accès RX) . 28
4.1.3 Isolation (Isolation entre l’accès TX et l’accès RX) . 28
4.2 Structure de base . 29
4.3 Principe de fonctionnement . 30
5 Caractéristiques des duplexeurs OAS et OAV . 32
5.1 Conditions générales pour les duplexeurs OAS et OAV . 32
5.2 Caractéristiques types des duplexeurs OAS et OAV . 35
5.2.1 Duplexeur UMTS . 35
5.2.2 Duplexeur CDMA US . 35
5.2.3 Duplexeur CDMA PCS . 35
6 Lignes directrices d’application . 39
6.1 Tenue en puissance . 39
6.2 Inter-modulation . 39
6.3 Méthode de mesure pour le duplexeur . 39
6.4 Electricité statique . 40
Bibliographie . 41

Figure 1 – Configuration de ba
...