IEC 60404-8-1:2015
(Main)Magnetic materials - Part 8-1: Specifications for individual materials - Magnetically hard materials
Magnetic materials - Part 8-1: Specifications for individual materials - Magnetically hard materials
IEC 60404-8-1:2015 specifies minimum values for the principal magnetic properties of, and dimensional tolerances for, technically important magnetically hard materials (permanent magnets). For information purposes only, this part of IEC 60404 provides values for the densities of the materials and the ranges of their chemical compositions. Some additional physical data and mechanical reference values concerning the magnetic materials are given for information and comparison purposes. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) recently developed anisotropic Sm-Fe-N bonded magnets are included;
b) high energy ferrites with La and Co as substituents are included.
Matériaux magnétiques - Partie 8-1: Spécifications pour matériaux particuliers - Matériaux magnétiquement durs
L'IEC 60404-8-1:2015 spécifie les valeurs minimales des principales propriétés magnétiques des matériaux magnétiques durs importants d'un point de vue technique (aimants permanents) ainsi que leurs tolérances sur les dimensions. La présente partie de l'IEC 60404 donne uniquement à titre indicatif des valeurs de masses volumiques des matériaux et les plages de leur composition chimique. Dans un but d'information et de comparaison, quelques données physiques et valeurs mécaniques de référence sur les matériaux magnétiques sont aussi données au Tableau A.1. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) elle inclut les aimants agglomérés Sm-Fe-N anisotropes récemment développés;
b) elle inclut les ferrites haute énergie avec les remplaçants La et Co.
General Information
Standards Content (sample)
IEC 60404-8-1
Edition 3.0 2015-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Magnetic materials –
Part 8-1: Specifications for individual materials – Magnetically hard materials
Matériaux magnétiques –
Partie 8-1: Spécifications pour matériaux particuliers – Matériaux
magnétiquement durs
IEC 60404-8-1:2015-03(en-fr)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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IEC 60404-8-1
Edition 3.0 2015-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Magnetic materials –
Part 8-1: Specifications for individual materials – Magnetically hard materials
Matériaux magnétiques –
Partie 8-1: Spécifications pour matériaux particuliers – Matériaux
magnétiquement durs
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220.20; 29.030 ISBN 978-2-8322-2429-8
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical CommissionMarque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – IEC 60404-8-1:2015 © IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 6
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................ 7
2 Normative references..................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................... 7
4 Types of materials and their applications ........................................................................ 7
5 Classification ................................................................................................................. 8
5.1 General ................................................................................................................. 8
5.2 Principal magnetic properties ................................................................................ 8
5.3 Additional magnetic properties ............................................................................... 9
6 Chemical composition .................................................................................................. 10
7 Densities ..................................................................................................................... 10
8 Designation ................................................................................................................. 10
9 Mode of shipment and dimensions ............................................................................... 10
10 Testing ........................................................................................................................ 10
10.1 Extent of testing .................................................................................................. 10
10.2 Testing methods ................................................................................................. 10
11 Grounds for rejection ................................................................................................... 11
12 Description of tables of standard properties .................................................................. 11
12.1 Magnetically hard alloys ...................................................................................... 11
12.1.1 Aluminium-nickel-cobalt-iron-titanium alloys (AINiCo) ................................. 11
12.1.2 Chromium-iron-cobalt alloys (CrFeCo) .......................................................... 12
12.1.3 Iron-cobalt-vanadium-chromium alloys (FeCoVCr) ....................................... 12
12.1.4 Rare earth-cobalt alloys (RECo) .................................................................. 13
12.1.5 Rare earth-iron-boron alloys (REFeB) ........................................................... 14
12.2 Magnetically hard ceramics (magnetically hard ferrites) ...................................... 14
12.2.1 Chemical composition ................................................................................. 14
12.2.2 Manufacturing method ................................................................................. 15
12.2.3 Sub-classification ........................................................................................ 15
12.2.4 Magnetic properties and densities ................................................................ 15
12.2.5 Dimensional tolerances ................................................................................ 15
12.3 Bonded magnets ................................................................................................. 15
12.3.1 General ....................................................................................................... 15
12.3.2 Chemical composition .................................................................................. 15
12.3.3 Manufacturing method ................................................................................. 16
12.3.4 Sub-classification ........................................................................................ 16
12.3.5 Magnetic properties and densities ................................................................ 17
12.3.6 Dimensional tolerances ................................................................................ 17
13 Irreversible demagnetization behaviour ........................................................................ 17
13.1 General ............................................................................................................... 17
13.2 General definition of demagnetization field strength H ....................................... 18
13.3 Simplified definition of demagnetization field strength H ..................................... 18
14 Tables 10 to 23 ............................................................................................................ 20
Annex A (informative) Physical data and mechanical reference values of AINiCo,CrFeCo, FeCoVCr, SmCo, NdFeB, hard ferrite and bonded SmFeN magnets ....................... 34
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Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 1 – Graphic representation of B(H) and J(H) demagnetization and recoil curves ....... 19
Figure 2 – Simplified evaluation of B(H) and J(H) demagnetization and recoil curves ............ 20
Table 1 – Classification of magnetically hard materials .......................................................... 8
and unitsTable 2 – Magnetic properties — Symbols .............................................................. 9
Table 3 – Additional magnetic properties — Symbols and units ............................................ 9
Table 4 — Chemical compositions of AlNiCo alloys (% mass fraction) ................................... 11
Table 5 — Chemical compositions of CrFeCo alloys (% mass fraction) ................................. 12
Table 6 — Chemical compositions of FeCoVCr alloys (% mass fraction) ............................... 12
Table 7 – Chemical compositions of RECo alloys (% mass fraction) ..................................... 13
Table 8 – Chemical compositions of REFeB alloys (% mass fraction) .................................. 14
Table 9 – Chemical compositions of REFeN alloys for bonded magnet (% massfraction) ............................................................................................................................. 16
Table 10 – Magnetic properties and densities of AlNiCo magnets ......................................... 21
Table 11 – Magnetic properties and densities of CrFeCo and FeCoVCr magnets .................. 22
Table 12 – Magnetic properties and densities of RECo magnets .......................................... 23
Table 13 – Magnetic properties and densities of REFeB magnets ........................................ 24
Table 14 – Magnetic properties and densities of hard ferrites ............................................... 25
Table 15 – Magnetic properties and densities of isotropic AlNiCo alloys with organic
binder ................................................................................................................................. 26
Table 16 – Magnetic properties and densities of RECo alloys with organic binder ................. 27
Table 17 – Magnetic properties and densities of isotropic REFeB alloys with organic
binder ................................................................................................................................. 28
Table 18 – Magnetic properties and densities of isotropic and anisotropic hard ferrites
with organic binder ............................................................................................................. 29
Table 19 – Magnetic properties and densities of anisotropic REFeN alloys with organic
binder ................................................................................................................................. 30
Table 20 – Dimensional tolerances (as cast or as sintered) of magnets made fromAlNiCo alloys ...................................................................................................................... 31
Table 21 – Dimensional tolerances of cold rolled strips of FeCoVCr and CrFeCo alloys
with a maximum thickness of 6 mm and maximum width of 125 mm ..................................... 32
Table 22 – Dimensional tolerances of the diameter of cold drawn wires and bars of
FeCoVCr and CrFeCo alloys ............................................................................................... 32
Table 23 – Dimensional tolerances on magnets made from hard ferrites .............................. 33
Table A.1 – Physical data and mechanical reference values of AlNiCo, CrFeCo,FeCoVCr, SmCo, NdFeB, hard ferrite and bonded SmFeN magnets ..................................... 35
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MAGNETIC MATERIALS –
Part 8-1: Specifications for individual materials –
Magnetically hard materials
FOREWORD
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indispensable for the correct application of this publication.9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60404-8-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 68:
Magnetic alloys and steels.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2001 and
Amendment 1:2004. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:a) recently developed anisotropic Sm-Fe-N bonded magnets are included;
b) high energy ferrites with La and Co as substituents are included.
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IEC 60404-8-1:2015 © IEC 2015 – 5 –
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
68/495/FDIS 68/503/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60404 series, published under the general title Magnetic materials,
can be found on the IEC website.The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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– 6 – IEC 60404-8-1:2015 © IEC 2015
INTRODUCTION
This third edition of IEC 60404-8-1 includes the recently developed anisotropic Sm-Fe-N
bonded magnets and high energy ferrites with La and Co as substituents which have become
established in permanent magnet applications. It also includes corrections to the second
edition in order to improve consistency with IEC 60404-5. The squareness of thedemagnetization curve is introduced through the quantity H .
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IEC 60404-8-1:2015 © IEC 2015 – 7 –
MAGNETIC MATERIALS –
Part 8-1: Specifications for individual materials –
Magnetically hard materials
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60404 specifies minimum values for the principal magnetic properties of,
and dimensional tolerances for, technically important magnetically hard materials (permanent
magnets).For information purposes only, this part of IEC 60404 provides values for the densities of
the materials and the ranges of their chemical compositions.NOTE Some additional physical data and mechanical reference values concerning the magnetic materials are
given in Table A.1 for information and comparison purposes.2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.
IEC 60050 (all parts), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (available at:
www.electropedia.org)
IEC 60404-5, Magnetic materials – Part 5: Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials –
Methods of measurement of magnetic properties3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-121 [1],
IEC 60050-151 [2] and IEC 60050-221 [3] apply.4 Types of materials and their applications
Permanent magnetic materials, also designated as magnetically hard materials, are
classified in IEC 60404-1 [4] as Class R (magnetically hard alloys), Class S (magnetically
hard ceramics) and Class U (bonded magnets).Permanent magnets have a coercivity relating to the magnetic polarization greater than
1 kA/m. After being magnetized to saturation they produce a material-dependent specific
magnetic energy, which can be used in static or dynamic magnetic circuit applications.
Permanent magnetic materials are used in nearly every area of daily life. They perform
coupling, modulating, or regulating functions in equipment and devices based onelectromagnetic principles, for example in measuring instruments, motors, generators and
_______________Numbers in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.
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– 8 – IEC 60404-8-1:2015 © IEC 2015
loudspeakers. Permanent magnet materials are indispensable in office equipment and
computer hardware, automobiles including propulsion motors for Hybrid Electric Vehicles
(HEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV), entertainment electronics, telecommunications, household
appliances and medical instruments, as well as in mechanical engineering as holding
devices, clamping plates, etc.Further possible and typical applications for the commercially available permanent magnetic
materials are described in more detail in 3.2 (Class R), 3.3 (Class S) and in 3.5
(Class U) of IEC 60404-1:2000.5 Classification
5.1 General
Compared to IEC 60404-8-1:2001 and IEC 60404-8-1:2001/AMD1:2004, this revised edition
uses the same classification of permanent magnetic materials for technical applications. The
bonded REFeN magnets are newly added as U5 for the first part of the code number. This
is given in Table 1. The materials are grouped according to their metallurgicalclassification
relationships.
Table 1 – Classification of magnetically hard materials
Group Principal constituents First part of code Previous code
number number
IEC 60404-8-1:2015 IEC 60404-8-
1:2001/AMD1:2004
Magnetically hard Aluminium-nickel-cobalt-iron-titanium R1 R1
alloys alloys
(R) Chromium-iron-cobalt alloys R6 R6
Iron-cobalt-vanadium-chromium alloys R3 R3
Rare earth-cobalt alloys R5 R5
Rare earth-iron-boron alloy R7 R7
Magnetically hard Magnetically hard ferrites S1 S1
ceramics
(MO・nFe O ; M = Ba, Sr, and/or Pb, and
2 3
(S)
n = 4,5 to 6,5)
Bonded hard Bonded aluminium-nickel-cobalt-iron- U1 U1
magnetic titanium magnets
materials
Bonded rare earth-cobalt magnets U2 U2
(U)
Bonded rare earth-iron-boron magnets U3 U3
Bonded hard ferrite magnets U4 U4
Bonded rare earth-iron-nitrogen magnets U5
The permanent magnetic materials are identified by the principal magnetic properties given
in 5.2.5.2 Principal magnetic properties
Symbols and units of magnetic properties of magnetically hard materials are given in Table 2.
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and units
Table 2 – Magnetic properties — Symbols
Magnetic properties Symbol Unit
Maximum value of (BH) product (BH) kJ/m
max
Remanent flux density B mT
Coercivity relating to the magnetic flux density kA/m
Coercivity relating to the magnetic polarization H kA/m
Minimum values at room temperature of magnetic properties, determined after magnetization
to saturation, are given in Tables 10 to 19.The specified values of magnetic properties are valid only for magnets having a cross
3 3section invariable along the axis of magnetization, with a volume of 0,125 cm to 200 cm
and with dimensions in the three directions of the coordinate axes of at least 5 mm.
For anisotropic materials, they are valid only along the one preferred direction.
For more details on size limits for measurements, see IEC 60404-5.For reasons connected with the manufacturing methods, lower values of the magnetic
properties may be obtained if the dimensional conditions mentioned above are not satisfied.
For the method of measurement of the coercivity of magnetic materials in an open magnetic
circuit, see IEC 60404-7 [5].5.3 Additional magnetic properties
Symbols and units of additional magnetic properties of magnetically hard materials are given
in Table 3.Table 3 – Additional magnetic properties — Symbols and un it s
Magnetic properties Symbol Unit
Recoil permeability µ —
rec
Temperature coefficient of the remanent flux
den s i ty [it corresponds to the temperature coefficient α(B ) %/°C
of the magnetic saturation α(J )]
Temperature coefficient of the coercivity relating to
α(H ) %/°C
the magnetic polarization
Curie temperature °C
The values given in Tables 10 to 19 are specified minimum values and some typical
values. The typical values are mean values published in the literature and are given as an
indication only and are not guaranteed. The temperature range for the temperature
coefficients in the tables is generally from 20 °C to 100 °C, but this does not preclude the
use of these materials outside this temperature range.The magnetic field strength necessary for magnetizing magnetically hard materials to
magnetic saturation is defined in IEC 60404-5, IEC 60404-7 [5] and IEC TR 62517 [6].
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6 Chemical composition
The composition ranges for the different material groups are given for information purposes
under 12.1.1.1, 12.1.2.1, 12.1.3.1, 12.1.4.1, 12.1.5.1, 12.2.1 and 12.3.2.7 Densities
Density values are given in Tables 10 to 19 for information purposes only. The density
values can be used for mass and volume calculations.8 Designation
Magnetically hard materials can be identified by brief designations and by alpha-numeric
symbols (code numbers, see Tables 10 to 19). In so far as chemical symbols are used in
the brief designation, they indicate main constituents. The number before the oblique stroke
in the brief designation denotes the maximum value of the (BH) product expressed in
kilojoules per cubic metre (kJ/m ) and the number after the oblique stroke denotes one tenth
of the coercivity H expressed in kiloamperes per metre (kA/m). Magnetically hard materials
with a binder (mostly organic, see 12.3.1) are denoted by a suffixed “p” to the brief
designation.EXAMPLE For the grade AlNiCo 12/6 of Table 10, the integer 12 is obtained from its minimum value (BH) of
max11,6 kJ/m , and the integer 6 from one-tenth of its minimum value of H i.e. one-tenth of 55 kA/m = 5,5 kA/m on
rounding up or down to the nearest integer. If rounding down would give the integer zero, the number containing
the first rounded non-zero decimal is maintained.The code numbers are derived from the classification system used in IEC 60
...
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