IEC TR 62383:2006
(Main)Determination of magnetic loss under magnetic polarization waveforms including higher harmonic components - Measurement, modelling and calculation methods
Determination of magnetic loss under magnetic polarization waveforms including higher harmonic components - Measurement, modelling and calculation methods
This technical report reviews methods for measurement of the magnetic loss of soft magnetic materials under the condition of magnetic polarization which includes higher harmonic components. Nowadays, by computer aided testing (CAT), a.c. magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets can be measured under various measuring conditions automatically. For example, the magnetic loss in the presence of higher harmonic frequency components of magnetic polarization can be measured using the arbitrary waveform synthesizer, digitiser and computer. The present standard methods (IEC 60404-2, IEC 60404-3 and IEC 60404-10) for the determination of specific total loss are restricted to the sinusoidal waveform of magnetic polarization, and these standards are still important for the characterization of core materials. However, actual waveforms of magnetic polarization in the electrical machines and transformers always include higher harmonic polarizations, and nowadays electrical machines can be designed using numerical methods including higher harmonics. But for these conditions, there is still no standard testing method.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL IEC
REPORT TR 62383
First edition
2006-01
Determination of magnetic loss
under magnetic polarization waveforms
including higher harmonic components –
Measurement, modelling and calculation
methods
Reference number
IEC/TR 62383:2006(E)
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TECHNICAL IEC
REPORT TR 62383
First edition
2006-01
Determination of magnetic loss
under magnetic polarization waveforms
including higher harmonic components –
Measurement, modelling and calculation
methods
© IEC 2006 ⎯ Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
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– 2 – TR 62383 © IEC:2006(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
INTRODUCTION.6
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references .7
3 Principles of measurement .7
3.1 General .7
3.2 Yokes, windings and test specimen .8
3.3 Power amplifier .8
3.4 Waveform synthesizer .8
3.5 Digitiser.8
3.6 Control of secondary voltage .9
3.7 Peak reading apparatus .9
3.8 Air flux compensation .9
4 Measuring system .10
5 Measurements.10
5.1 Generation of the magnetic polarization waveform including higher
harmonics .10
5.2 Determination of peak value of magnetic polarization .11
5.3 Determination of the magnetic polarization .11
5.4 Determination of magnetic field strength.12
5.5 Determination of the magnetic loss.12
5.6 Plotting the a.c. hysteresis loop including the higher harmonics .12
6 Example of measurement .12
6.1 Magnetic loss measurement of non-oriented electrical steel sheets .12
6.2 Magnetic loss measurement under stator tooth waveform conditions .13
7 Prediction of magnetic loss including higher harmonic polarization .17
7.1 General .17
7.2 Energy loss separation [14] .17
7.3 Neural network method [17].23
7.4 Modified superposition formula [20] .25
8 Summary.30
Bibliography.31
Figure 1 – Block diagram of the measuring system for the measurement of magnetic
loss of electrical steel sheets under magnetic polarization waveforms which include
higher harmonic components .10
Figure 2a – Magnetic polarization J(t) .13
Figure 2b – Magnetic field strength H(t) .14
Figure 2c – AC hysteresis loops.14
Figure 2 – Dependency on the higher harmonic polarization components of the
magnetic polarization J(t) ; magnetic field strength H(t), and a.c. hysteresis loops of
non-oriented electrical steel at a fundamental magnetizing frequency f = 60 Hz and a
ˆ
maximum magnetic polarization J = 1,5 T, and for higher harmonic frequency of
f =23f .14
h 1
TR 62383 © IEC:2006(E) – 3 –
Figure 3 – Specific total loss depending on the higher harmonic frequency and higher
ˆ
harmonic polarization for the non-oriented electrical steel sheet at J = 1,5 T.15
Figure 4 – B-coil winding positions of stator tooth of a 3,75 kW induction motor to
measure the a.c. hysteresis of the stator tooth depending on the load .16
Figure 5 – AC hysteresis loop of the stator teeth of a 3,75 kW induction motor
measured in single sheet tester .16
Figure 6 – Specific total loss of the stator tooth depending on the load .17
Figure 7 – Examples of experimental dependence of the quantity
W =W −W =W +W on the square root of frequency in grain-oriented Fe-Si
dif cl h exc
laminations (thickness 0,29 mm).19
Figure 8 – Energy loss per cycle W and its analysis in a non-oriented Fe-(3wt %)Si
lamination energy loss with arbitrary flux waveform and minor loops.20
Figure 9 – Examples of composite experimental (solid lines) and reconstructed
ˆ
(dashed lines) d.c. hysteresis loops at peak magnetization J = 1,4 T in non-oriented
Fe-(3 wt %) Si laminations (thickness 0,34 mm) generated by the J(t) waveforms.22
Figure 10 – Experimental dependence of the statistical parameter of the
magnetization process V on the peak magnetization value in the tested non-oriented
o
Fe-Si laminations.22
Figure 11 – Loss evolution with the number of minor loops in a non-oriented Fe-Si
dJ(t)
ˆ
()
lamination, subjected to controlled constant magnetization rate = 4f ⋅ J + 2J ,
m
dt
ˆ
with J = 1,4 T and 2nJ = 1,2 T .23
m
Figure 12 – Artificial neuron (also termed as unit or nodes) .23
Figure 13 – Neural network design topology .24
dJ(t)
Figure 14 – Waveforms of , H(t) and J(t) when higher harmonic polarization
dt
is included .26
Figure 15 – Generation of two symmetrical a.c. minor loop measured in zero
polarization region, and in saturation polarization region, of the fundamental hysteresis
loop; magnetization in the rolling direction and perpendicular to the rolling direction.27
Figure 16 – Specific total loss P of the combined waves, with harmonic frequency
c
23f , depending on the position of a.c. minor loop at maximum magnetic polarization of
1,0 T and of 1,5 T respectively.27
Figure 17 – Specific total loss depending on the higher harmonic frequency.29
ˆ
Figure 18 – Constant k vs. peak value of magnetic polarization J .29
Table 1 – Network design .24
Table 2 – Error of the specific total loss recalled from the trained neural network
compared with the measured values at 1,6 T (point not used during the training).25
Table 3 – Error of the specific total loss recalled from the trained neural network
compared with the measured values at 1,5 T (point used during the training).25
– 4 – TR 62383 © IEC:2006(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
DETERMINATION OF MAGNETIC LOSS
UNDER MAGNETIC POLARIZATION WAVEFORMS
INCLUDING HIGHER HARMONIC COMPONENTS –
MEASUREMENT, MODELLING AND CALCULATION METHODS
FOREWORD
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