CISPR TR 16-4-5:2006
(Main)Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 4-5: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling - Conditions for the use of alternative test methods
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 4-5: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling - Conditions for the use of alternative test methods
This Technical Report specifies a method to enable product committees to develop limits for alternative test methods, using conversions from established limits. This method is generally applicable for all kinds of disturbance measurements, but focuses on radiated disturbance measurements (i.e. field strength), for which several alternative methods are presently specified. These limits development methods are intended for use by product committees and other groups responsible for defining emissions limits in situations where it is decided to use alternative test methods and the associated limits in product standards.
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TECHNICAL CISPR
REPORT 16-4-5
First edition
2006-10
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and
immunity measuring apparatus and methods –
Part 4-5:
Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Conditions for the use of alternative test methods
Reference number
CISPR 16-4-5/TR:2006(E)
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TECHNICAL CISPR
REPORT 16-4-5
First edition
2006-10
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and
immunity measuring apparatus and methods –
Part 4-5:
Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Conditions for the use of alternative test methods
© IEC 2006 ⎯ Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
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– 2 – TR CISPR 16-4-5 © IEC:2006(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
1 Scope.6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms.7
5 Introduction .8
6 Procedure to derive limits for an alternative test method.9
6.1 Overview .9
6.2 Select the reference quantity X.12
6.3 Describe the test methods and measurands .12
6.4 Determine the deviations of the measured quantities from the reference
quantity .13
6.5 Determine the average values of the deviations .13
6.6 Estimate the standard uncertainties of the test methods .14
6.7 Estimate the expanded uncertainties of the test methods .15
6.8 Calculate the average conversion factor.16
6.9 Verify the calculated values.17
6.10 Apply the conversion .17
Annex A (informative) Remarks on EUT modelling .18
Annex B (informative) Examples of application of the test method comparison
procedure .19
Bibliography.49
Figure 1 – Overview of quantities to estimate for use in conversion procedure.10
Figure 2 – Overview of limit conversion procedure using estimated quantities.11
Figure B.1 – Example reference quantity .19
Figure B.2 – EUT and antenna set-up for fully anechoic room emission measurement .20
Figure B.3 – EUT and antenna set-up for open-area test site measurement.20
Figure B.4 – Radiation characteristics of elementary radiator (left), and scheme of
EUT-model (right) .21
Figure B.5 – Maximum average deviations for 3 m FAR (top) and 10 m OATS (bottom) .24
Figure B.6 – Sample cumulative distribution function .26
Figure B.7 – Uncertainties due to the unknown EUT characteristic for 3 m FAR (top)
and 10 m OATS (bottom) .28
Figure B.8 – Expanded uncertainties (k = 2) of alternative (3 m FAR, top) and
established (10 m OATS, bottom) test methods .32
Figure B.9 – Maximum average conversion factors for different volumes .33
Figure B.10 – Photo (left) and cut-view of simulation model (right) of the specimen EUT .35
Figure B.11 – Deviations of the specimen EUT: 3 m fully anechoic room (top) and 10 m
open area test site (bottom) .36
Figure B.12 – Sample FAR measurement .37
Figure B.13 – OATS 10 m limit line converted to FAR 3 m conditions.37
TR CISPR 16-4-5 © IEC:2006(E) – 3 –
Figure B.14 – Expanded uncertainties.37
Figure B.15 – Comparison of the measured values with the corrected converted limit .38
Figure B.16 – EUT and antenna set-up of 3 m open area test site measurement.39
Figure B.17 – Maximum average deviations for 3 m OATS.40
Figure B.18 – Uncertainties due to the unknown EUT characteristic for 3 m OATS.41
Figure B.19 – Expanded uncertainties (k = 2) of alternative test method [OATS (3 m)].43
Figure B.20 – Maximum average conversion factors .44
Figure B.21 – Deviations of the specimen EUT: Open area test site (3 m).46
Figure B.22 – Sample OATS (3 m) measurement.47
Figure B.23 – OATS (10 m) limit line converted to OATS (3 m) conditions .47
Figure B.24 – Expanded uncertainties.48
Figure B.25 – Comparison of the corrected values with the converted limit .48
Table 1 – Summary of steps in conversion procedure .9
Table 2 – Overview of quantities and defining equations for conversion process.12
Table B.1 – Instrumentation uncertainty of the 3 m fully anechoic chamber test method .25
Table B.2 – Uncertainties in dB due to the unknown EUT characteristic for 3 m FAR .30
Table B.3 – Uncertainties in dB due to the unknown EUT characteristic for 10 m OATS.31
Table B.4 – Maximum average conversion factors in dB between 10 m OATS and
3 m FAR .34
Table B.5 – Uncertainties in dB due to the unknown EUT characteristic for 3 m OATS.42
Table B.6 – Maximum average conversion factors in dB between 10 m and 3 m OATS .45
– 4 – TR CISPR 16-4-5 © IEC:2006(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE
AND IMMUNITY MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 4-5: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Conditions for the use of alternative test methods
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
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data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
CISPR 16-4-5, which is a technical report, has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A:
Radio-interference measurements and statistical methods.
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
CISPR/A/665/DTR CISPR/A/685/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
TR CISPR 16-4-5 © IEC:2006(E) – 5 –
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the CISPR 16-4 series, published under the general title Specification for
radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods – Part 4: Uncertainties,
statistics and limit modelling, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the content
...
CISPR TR 16-4-5 ®
Edition 1.1 2014-07
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-5: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Conditions for the use
of alternative test methods
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
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Switzerland www.iec.ch
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CISPR TR 16-4-5 ®
Edition 1.1 2014-07
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-5: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Conditions for the use
of alternative test methods
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-1770-2
CISPR TR 16-4-5 ®
Edition 1.1 2014-07
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-5: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Conditions for the use
of alternative test methods
– 2 – CISPR TR 16-4-5:2006
+AMD1:2014 CSV IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD. 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 8
5 Introduction . 8
6 Procedure to derive limits for an alternative test method . 9
6.1 Overview . 9
6.2 Select the reference quantity X . 12
6.3 Describe the test methods and measurands . 13
6.4 Determine the deviations of the measured quantities from the reference
quantity . 13
6.5 Determine the average values of the deviations . 13
6.6 Estimate the standard uncertainties of the test methods . 14
6.7 Estimate the expanded uncertainties of the test methods . 15
6.8 Calculate the average conversion factor . 16
6.9 Verify the calculated values . 17
6.10 Apply the conversion . 17
7 Measurement-based procedure to derive limits for an alternative test method
based on measurement results . 17
7.1 General . 17
7.2 Application of practical measurement results to determine the conversion
fac tors . 17
Annex A (informative) Remarks on EUT modelling . 21
Annex B (informative) Examples of application of the test method comparison
procedure . . 22
Annex C (informative) Example of the application of the test method comparison
procedure based on measurement results . 52
Bibliography . . 58
Figure 1 – Overview of quantities to estimate for use in conversion procedure. . 10
Figure 2 – Overview of limit conversion procedure using estimated quantities. . 11
Figure B.1 – Example reference quantity . 22
Figure B.2 – EUT and antenna set-up for fully anechoic room emission measurement . 23
Figure B.3 – EUT and antenna set-up for open-area test site measurement . 23
Figure B.4 – Radiation characteristics of elementary radiator (left), and scheme of
EUT-model (right) . 24
Figure B.5 – Maximum average deviations for 3 m FAR (top) and 10 m OATS (bottom) . 27
Figure B.6 – Sample cumulative distribution function . 29
Figure B.7 – Uncertainties due to the unknown EUT characteristic for 3 m FAR (top)
and 10 m OATS (bottom) . 31
Figure B.8 – Expanded uncertainties (k = 2) of alternative (3 m FAR, top) and
established (10 m OATS, bottom) test methods . 35
Figure B.9 – Maximum average conversion factors for different volumes . 36
Figure B.10 – Photo (left) and cut-view of simulation model (right) of the specimen EUT . 38
+AMD1:2014 CSV IEC 2014
Figure B.11 – Deviations of the specimen EUT: 3 m fully anechoic room (top) and 10 m
open area test site (bottom) . 39
Figure B.12 – Sample FAR measurement . 40
Figure B.13 – OATS 10 m limit line converted to FAR 3 m conditions . 40
Figure B.14 – Expanded uncertainties . 40
Figure B.15 – Comparison of the measured values with the corrected converted limit . 41
Figure B.16 – EUT and antenna set-up of 3 m open area test site measurement . 42
Figure B.17 – Maximum average deviations for 3 m OATS . 43
Figure B.18 – Uncertainties due to the unknown EUT characteristic for 3 m OATS . 44
Figure B.19 – Expanded uncertainties (k = 2) of alternative test method [OATS (3 m)] . 46
Figure B.20 – Maximum average conversion factors . 47
Figure B.21 – Deviations of the specimen EUT: Open area test site (3 m) . 49
Figure B.22 – Sample OATS (3 m) measurement . 50
Figure B.23 – OATS (10 m) limit line converted to OATS (3 m) conditions . 50
Figure B.24 – Expanded uncertainties . 51
Figure B.25 – Comparison of the corrected values with the converted limit . 51
Figure C.1 – EUTs used during RRT . 52
Figure C.2 – Measurement results of the asymmetrical voltage using both CDNEs . 53
Figure C.3 – Measured disturbance field strength . 54
Figure C.4 – Conversion factors of all measurements . 55
Figure C.5 – Mean conversion factors for each EUT . 55
Figure C.6 – Measured polarization . 55
Figure C.7 – Comparison with CISPR 15:2013 . 55
Figure C.8 – Deviation of the conversion factors from the average conversion factor of
each EUT . 56
Figure C.9 – Deviation of the conversion factors from the
trend line [poly (mean value K(f))] . 56
Table 1 – Summary of steps in conversion procedure . 9
Table 2 – Overview of quantities and defining equations for conversion process . 12
Table B.1 – Instrumentation uncertainty of the 3 m fully anechoic chamber test method . 28
Table B.2 – Uncertainties in dB due to the unknown EUT characteristic for 3 m FAR . 33
Table B.3 – Uncertainties in dB due to the unknown EUT characteristic for 10 m OATS . 34
Table B.4 – Maximum average conversion factors in dB between 10 m OATS and
3 m FAR . 37
Table B.5 – Uncertainties in dB due to the unknown EUT characteristic for 3 m OATS . 45
Table B.6 – Maximum average conversion factors in dB between 10 m and 3 m OATS . 48
– 4 – CISPR TR 16-4-5:2006
+AMD1:2014CSV IEC 2014
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE
AND IMMUNITY MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 4-5: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Conditions for the use of alternative test methods
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an interna
...
CISPR TR 16-4-5 ®
Edition 1.2 2021-10
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-5: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Conditions for the use of
alternative test methods
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
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CISPR TR 16-4-5 ®
Edition 1.2 2021-10
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-5: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Conditions for the use of
alternative test methods
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-4232-2
CISPR TR 16-4-5 ®
Edition 1.2 2021-10
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-5: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Conditions for the use of
alternative test methods
– 2 – CISPR TR 16-4-5:2006+AMD1:2014
+AMD2:2021 CSV IEC 2021
CONTENTS
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 10
5 Introduction . 11
6 Procedure to derive limits for an alternative test method . 12
6.1 Overview . 12
6.2 Select the reference quantity X. 17
6.3 Describe the test methods and measurands . 18
6.4 Determine the deviations of the measured quantities from the reference
quantity . 18
6.5 Determine the average values of the deviations . 18
6.6 Estimate the standard uncertainties of the test methods . 19
6.7 Estimate the expanded uncertainties of the test methods . 20
6.8 Calculate the average conversion factor . 21
6.9 Verify the calculated values . 22
6.10 Apply the conversion . 22
7 Measurement-based procedure to derive limits for an alternative test method
based on measurement results . 22
7.1 General . 22
7.2 Application of practical measurement results to determine the conversion
factors . 23
7.2.1 The conversion factor . 23
7.2.2 Estimation of SCU by measurement . 24
7.2.3 Applying the conversion factor . 24
8 Derivation of limits for the use of reverberation chambers as ATM for radiated
disturbance measurements based on a statistical analysis of all essential factors . 26
8.1 Conversion factor . 26
8.2 Measurement uncertainty . 27
Annex A (informative) Remarks on EUT modelling . 29
A.1 Types of EUTs . 29
A.2 Application of statistics . 29
Annex B (informative) Examples of application of the test method comparison
procedure . 30
B.1 Example 1 – Measurements at 3 m-separation in fully anechoic room
compared to 10 m-separation measurements on open-area test site . 30
B.1.1 Small EUTs without cables . 30
B.1.2 Small EUTs with cables . 49
B.2 Example 2 – 3 m open-area test site measurements compared to 10 m open-
area test site measurements . 49
B.2.1 Small EUTs without cables . 49
B.2.2 Small EUTs with cables . 59
B.3 Example 3 – reverberation chamber measurement results compared to 10 m
open-area test site results . 59
Annex C (informative) Example of the application of the test method comparison
procedure based on measurement results . 60
C.1 General . 60
+AMD2:2021 CSV IEC 2021
C.2 Measurement of conducted disturbance using CDNEs . 60
C.3 Measured disturbance field strength . 61
C.4 Conversion factor for the measurement with a CDNE . 62
C.4.1 The conversion factor . 62
C.4.2 Uncertainty of the conversion factor . 63
Annex D Annex D (informative) Statistical method for conversion of disturbance limits
from radiated disturbance established test methods to the RC test method . 66
D.1 General . 66
D.2 Models for EUT directivity . 67
D.3 Results of modelling . 68
D.4 Instrumentation uncertainty for radiated disturbance measurement results in
an RC . 73
D.4.1 Measurand for radiated disturbance measurements using an RC . 73
D.4.2 Symbols of input quantities common to all disturbance measurements . 73
D.4.3 Symbols of input quantities specific to RC measurements . 73
D.4.4 Input quantities to be considered for radiated disturbance
measurements using an RC . 74
D.4.5 Uncertainty budget for radiated disturbance measurement results
using an RC . 74
D.4.6 Rationale for the estimates of input quantities for radiated
disturbance measurement results using an RC . 76
Figure 1 – Overview of quantities to estimate for use in conversion procedure . 14
Figure 2 – Overview of limit conversion procedure using estimated quantities. 16
Figure B.1 – Example reference quantity . 30
Figure B.2 – EUT and antenna set-up for fully anechoic room emission measurement . 31
Figure B.3 – EUT and antenna set-up for open-area test site measurement . 31
Figure B.4 – Radiation characteristics of elementary radiator (left), and scheme of
EUT-model (right) . 32
Figure B.5 – Maximum average deviations for 3 m FAR (top) and 10 m OATS (bottom) . 35
Figure B.6 – Sample cumulative distribution function . 37
Figure B.7 – Uncertainties due to the unknown EUT characteristic for 3 m FAR (top)
and 10 m OATS (bottom) . 39
Figure B.8 – Expanded uncertainties (k = 2) of alternative (3 m FAR, top) and
established (10 m OATS, bottom) test methods . 43
Figure B.9 – Maximum average conversion factors for different volumes . 44
Figure B.10 – Photo (left) and cut-view of simulation model (right) of the specimen EUT . 46
Figure B.11 – Deviations of the specimen EUT: 3 m fully anechoic room (top) and 10
m open area test site (bottom) . 47
Figure B.12 – Sample FAR measurement . 48
Figure B.13 – OATS 10 m limit line converted to FAR 3 m conditions . 48
Figure B.14 – Expanded uncertainties. 48
Figure B.15 – Comparison of the measured values with the corrected converted limit . 49
Figure B.16 – EUT and antenna set-up of 3 m open area test site measurement. 50
Figure B.17 – Maximum average deviations for 3 m OATS . 51
Figure B.18 – Uncertainties due to the unknown EUT characteristic for 3 m OATS . 52
Figure B.19 – Expanded uncertainties (k = 2) of alternative test method [OATS (3 m)] . 54
Figure B.20 – Maximum average conversion factors . 55
– 4 – CISPR TR 16-4-5:2006+AMD1:2014
+AMD2:2021 CSV IEC 2021
Figure B.21 – Deviations of the specimen EUT: Open area test site (3 m) . 57
Figure B.22 – Sample OATS (3 m) measurement . 58
Figure B.23 – OATS (10 m) limit line converted to OATS (3 m) conditions . 58
Figure B.24 – Expanded uncertainties. 59
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