IEC 62660-1:2010
(Main)Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 1: Performance testing
Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 1: Performance testing
IEC 62660-1:2010 specifies performance and life testing of secondary lithium-ion cells used for propulsion of electric vehicles including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).
Eléments d'accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers électriques - Partie 1: Essais de performance
La CEI 62660-1:2010 spécifie les essais de performance et de durée de vie des accumulateurs lithium-ion utilisés pour la propulsion des véhicules électriques, incluant les véhicules électriques à batterie d'accumulateurs (BEV) et les véhicules électriques hybrides (HEV).
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IEC 62660-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –
Part 1: Performance testing
Éléments d’accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers
électriques –
Partie 1: Essais de performance
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IEC 62660-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –
Part 1: Performance testing
Éléments d’accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers
électriques –
Partie 1: Essais de performance
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
W
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.220.20, 43.120 ISBN 978-2-88912-308-7
– 2 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 0H4
INTRODUCTION . 1H6
1 Scope . 2H7
2 Normative references . 3H7
3 Terms and definitions . 4H7
4 Test conditions . 5H8
4.1 General . 6H8
4.2 Measuring instruments. 7H8
4.2.1 Range of measuring devices . 8H8
4.2.2 Voltage measurement . 9H9
4.2.3 Current measurement . 10H9
4.2.4 Temperature measurements . 11H9
4.2.5 Other measurements . 12H9
4.3 Tolerance . 13H10
4.4 Test temperature. 14H10
5 Dimension measurement . 15H10
6 Mass measurement . 16H11
7 Electrical measurement . 17H11
7.1 General charge conditions . 18H11
7.2 Capacity . 19H12
7.3 SOC adjustment . 20H12
7.4 Power . 21H12
7.4.1 Test method . 22H12
7.4.2 Calculation of power density . 23H15
7.4.3 Calculation of regenerative power density . 24H16
7.5 Energy . 25H17
7.5.1 Test method . 26H17
7.5.2 Calculation of energy density. 27H17
7.6 Storage test . 28H18
7.6.1 Charge retention test . 29H18
7.6.2 Storage life test . 30H19
7.7 Cycle life test . 31H19
7.7.1 BEV cycle test . 32H19
7.7.2 HEV cycle test . 33H23
7.8 Energy efficiency test . 34H27
7.8.1 Common tests. 35H27
7.8.2 Test for cells of BEV application . 36H29
7.8.3 Energy efficiency calculation for cells of HEV application . 37H30
Annex A (informative) Selective test conditions. 38H32
Annex B (informative) Cycle life test sequence . 39H34
Bibliography . 40H37
Figure 1 – Example of temperature measurement of cell . 41H9
Figure 2 – Examples of maximum dimension of cell . 42H11
Figure 3 – Test order of the current-voltage characteristic test . 43H15
62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 3 –
Figure 4 – Dynamic discharge profile A for BEV cycle test . 44H21
Figure 5 – Dynamic discharge profile B for BEV cycle test . 45H22
Figure 6 – Discharge-rich profile for HEV cycle test . 46H25
Figure 7 – Charge-rich profile for HEV cycle test . 47H26
Figure 8 – Typical SOC swing by combination of two profiles for HEV cycle test . 48H27
Figure B.1 – Test sequence of BEV cycle test . 49H35
Figure B.2 – Concept of BEV cycle test. 50H36
Table 1 – Discharge conditions . 51H12
Table 2 – Examples of charge and discharge current . 52H13
Table 3 – Dynamic discharge profile A for BEV cycle test . 53H21
Table 4 – Dynamic discharge profile B for BEV cycle test . 54H22
Table 5 – Discharge-rich profile for HEV cycle test . 55H25
Table 6 – Charge-rich profile for HEV cycle test. 56H26
Table A.1 – Capacity test conditions . 57H32
Table A.2 – Power test conditions . 58H32
Table A.3 – Cycle life test conditions . 59H32
Table A.4 – Conditions for energy efficiency test for BEV application . 60H33
Table B.1 – Test sequence of HEV cycle test . 61H36
– 4 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION CELLS FOR THE PROPULSION
OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –
Part 1: Performance testing
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62660-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 21:
Secondary cells and batteries.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
21/728/FDIS 21/732/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62660 series, published under the general title Secondary
lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles, can be found on the IEC website.
62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 5 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this amendment and the base publication will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 6 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010
INTRODUCTION
The commercialisation of electric road vehicles including battery, hybrid and plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles has been accelerated in the global market, responding to the global concerns
on CO reduction and energy security. This, in turn, has led to rapidly increasing demand for
high-power and high-energy density traction batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are estimated to
be one of the most promising secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric vehicles. In the
light of rapidly diffusing hybrid electric vehicles and emerging battery and plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles, a standard method for testing performance requirements of lithium-ion
batteries is indispensable for securing a basic level of performance and obtaining essential
data for the design of vehicle systems and battery packs.
This standard is to specify performance testing for automobile traction lithium-ion cells that
basically differ from the other cells including those for portable and stationary applications
specified by the other IEC standards. For automobile application, it is important to note the
usage specificity; i.e. the designing diversity of automobile battery packs and systems, and
specific requirements for cells and batteries corresponding to each of such designs. Based on
these facts, the purpose of this standard is to provide a basic test methodology with general
versatility, which serves a function in common primary testing of lithium ion cells to be used in
a variety of battery systems.
This standard is associated with ISO 12405-1-and ISO 12405-2 1F .
IEC 62660-2 specifies the reliability and abuse testing for lithium-ion cells for electric vehicle
application.
___________
Under consideration.
62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 7 –
SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION CELLS FOR THE PROPULSION
OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –
Part 1: Performance testing
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62660 specifies performance and life testing of secondary lithium-ion cells
used for propulsion of electric vehicles including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid
electric vehicles (HEV).
The objective of this standard is to specify the test procedures to obtain the essential
characteristics of lithium-ion cells for vehicle propulsion applications regarding capacity,
power density, energy density, storage life and cycle life.
This standard provides the standard test procedures and conditions for testing basic
performance characteristics of lithium-ion cells for vehicle propulsion applications, which are
indispensable for securing a basic level of performance and obtaining essential data on cells
for various designs of battery systems and battery packs.
NOTE 1 Based on the agreement between the manufacturer and the customer, specific test conditions may be
selected in addition to the conditions specified in this standard. Selective test conditions are described in Annex A.
NOTE 2 The performance tests for the electrically connected lithium-ion cells may be performed with reference to
this standard.
NOTE 3 The test specification for lithium-ion battery packs and systems is defined in ISO 12405-1 and
ISO 12405-2 (under consideration).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-482, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 482: Primary and secondary
cells and batteries
IEC 61434, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes –
Guide to the designation of current in alkaline secondary cell and battery standards
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-482 and the
following apply.
3.1
battery electric vehicle
BEV
electric vehicle with only a traction battery as power source for vehicle propulsion
– 8 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010
3.2
hybrid electric vehicle
HEV
vehicle with both a rechargeable energy storage system and a fuelled power source for
propulsion
3.3
rated capacity
quantity of electricity C Ah (ampere-hours) for BEV and C Ah for HEV declared by the
3 1
manufacturer
3.4
reference test current
I
t
current in amperes which is expressed as
I (A) = C (Ah)/ 1 (h)
t n
where
C is the rated capacity of the cell ;
n
n is the time base (hours).
3.5
room temperature
temperature of 25 °C ± 2 K
3.6
secondary lithium ion cell
secondary single cell whose electrical energy is derived from the insertion/extraction
reactions of lithium ions between the anode and the cathode
NOTE 1 The secondary cell is a basic manufactured unit providing a source of electrical energy by direct
conversion of chemical energy. The cell consists of electrodes, separators, electrolyte, container and terminals,
and is designed to be charged electrically.
NOTE 2 In this standard, cell or secondary cell means the secondary lithium ion cell to be used for the propulsion
of electric road vehicles.
3.7
state of charge
SOC
available capacity in a battery expressed as a percentage of rated capacity
4 Test conditions
4.1 General
The details of the instrumentation used shall be provided in any report of results.
4.2 Measuring instruments
4.2.1 Range of measuring devices
The instruments used shall enable the values of voltage and current to be measured. The
range of these instruments and measuring methods shall be chosen so as to ensure the
accuracy specified for each test.
62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 9 –
For analogue instruments, this implies that the readings shall be taken in the last third of the
graduated scale.
Any other measuring instruments may be used provided they give an equivalent accuracy.
4.2.2 Voltage measurement
The resistance of the voltmeters used shall be at least 1 M W /V.
4.2.3 Current measurement
The entire assembly of ammeter, shunt and leads shall be of an accuracy class of 0,5 or
better.
4.2.4 Temperature measurements
The cell temperature shall be measured by use of a surface temperature measuring device
capable of an equivalent scale definition and accuracy of calibration as specified in 4.2.1. The
temperature should be measured at a location which most closely reflects the cell
temperature. The temperature may be measured at additional appropriate locations, if
necessary.
The examples for temperature measurement are shown in Figure 1. The instructions for
temperature measurement specified by the manufacturer shall be followed.
Prismatic or flat cell Cylindrical cell
Temperature measuring device
Cell
Cell Cell
Insulating material
IEC 2861/10
Figure 1 – Example of temperature measurement of cell
4.2.5 Other measurements
Other values including capacity and power may be measured by use of a measuring device,
provided that it complies with 4.3.
– 10 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010
4.3 Tolerance
The overall accuracy of controlled or measured values, relative to the specified or actual
values, shall be within these tolerances:
a) ±0,1 % for voltage;
b) ±1 % for current;
c) ± 2 K for temperature;
d) ±0,1 % for time;
e) ±0,1 % for mass;
f) ±0,1 % for dimensions.
These tolerances comprise the combined accuracy of the measuring instruments, the
measurement technique used, and all other sources of error in the test procedure.
4.4 Test temperature
If not otherwise defined, before each test the cell shall be stabilized at the test temperature
for a minimum of 12 h. This period can be reduced if thermal stabilization is reached. Thermal
stabilization is considered to be reached if after one interval of 1 h, the change of cell
temperature is lower than 1 K.
Unless otherwise stated in this standard, cells shall be tested at room temperature using the
method declared by the manufacturer.
5 Dimension measurement
The maximum dimension of the total width, thickness or diameter, and length of a cell shall be
measured up to three significant figures in accordance with the tolerances in 4.3.
The examples of maximum dimension are shown in Figures 2a to 2f.
C
C
E D E
D
IEC 2862/10 IEC 2863/10
Figure 2a – Cylindrical cell (1) Figure 2b – Cylindrical cell (2)
62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 11 –
B
A B
A
D
E
D, E
IEC 2864/10 IEC 2865/10
Figure 2c – Prismatic cell (1) Figure 2d – Prismatic cell (2)
A
A
D
D
E
E
B
B
IEC 2866/10 IEC 2867/10
Figure 2e – Flat cell (1) Figure 2f – Flat cell (2)
Key
A total width
B total thickness
C diameter
D total length (including terminals)
E total length (excluding terminals)
Figure 2 – Examples of maximum dimension of cell
6 Mass measurement
Mass of a cell is measured up to three significant figures in accordance with the tolerances in
4.3.
7 Electrical measurement
During each test, voltage, current and temperature shall be recorded.
7.1 General charge conditions
Unless otherwise stated in this standard, prior to electrical measurement test, the cell shall
be charged as follows.
– 12 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010
Prior to charging, the cell shall be discharged at room temperature at a constant current
described in Table 1 down to a end-of-discharge voltage specified by the manufacturer. Then,
the cell shall be charged according to the charging method declared by the manufacturer at
room temperature.
7.2 Capacity
Capacity of cell shall be measured in accordance with the following steps.
Step 1 – The cell shall be charged in accordance with 7.1.
After recharge, the cell temperature shall be stabilized in accordance with 4.4.
Step 2 – The cell shall be discharged at specified temperature at a constant current I (A) to
t
the end-of-discharge voltage that is provided by the manufacturer. The discharge current and
temperatures indicated in Table 1 shall be used.
NOTE Selective test conditions are shown in Table A.1 in Annex A.
The method of designation of test current I is defined in IEC 61434.
t
Table 1 – Discharge conditions
Discharge current
A
Temperature
BEV application HEV application
°C
1/3 I 1 I
t t
Step 3 – Measure the discharge duration until the specified end-of discharge voltage is
reached, and calculate the capacity of cell expressed in Ah up to three significant figures.
7.3 SOC adjustment
The test cells shall be charged as specified below. The SOC adjustment is the procedure to
be followed for preparing cells to the various SOCs for the tests in this standard.
Step 1 - The cell shall be charged in accordance with 7.1.
Step 2 - The cell shall be left at rest at room temperature in accordance with 4.4.
Step 3 - The cell shall be discharged at a constant current according to Table 1 for
(100 –n)/100 ´ 3 h for BEV application and (100 – n)/100 ´ 1 h for HEV application, where n is
SOC (%) to be adjusted for each test.
7.4 Power
7.4.1 Test method
The test shall be carried out in accordance with the following procedure.
a) Mass measurement
Mass of the cell shall be measured as specified in Clause 6.
b) Dimension measurement
62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 13 –
Dimension of the cell shall be measured as specified in Clause 5.
c) Current-voltage characteristic test
Current-voltage characteristics shall be determined by measuring the voltage at the end of
the 10 second pulse, when a constant current is discharged and charged under the
conditions specified below.
1) SOC shall be adjusted to 20 %, 50 %, and 80 % according to the procedure specified
in 7.3.
2) The cell temperature at test commencement shall be set to 40 °C, 25 °C, 0 °C, and
–20 °C.
3) The cell is charged or discharged at each value of the current corresponding to the
respective rated capacity level, and the voltage is measured at the end of the
10 s pulse. The range of the charge and discharge current shall be specified by the
manufacturer, and the standard measurement interval shall be 1 s. If the voltage after
10 s exceeds the discharge lower limit voltage or charge upper limit voltage, the
measurement data shall be omitted.
NOTE The charge/discharge limits at low temperature specified by the manufacturer should be taken into account.
Table 2 shows examples of charge and discharge current according to the applications.
If it is required, the maximum current for charge and discharge is specified by the cell
manufacturer (I ). This value can be reduced according to the agreement with the
max
customer. The maximum charge and discharge current can be applied after the
measurement at 5 I for BEV application and 10 I for HEV application. I value
t t max
changes depending on SOC, test temperature and charge or discharge state.
Table 2 – Examples of charge and discharge current
Charge and discharge current
Application
A
I
BEV 1/3 I 1 I 2 I 5 I max
t t t t
I
HEV 1/3 I 1 I 5 I 10 I max
t t t t
4) 10-min rest time shall be provided between charge and discharge pulses as well as
between discharge and charge pulses. However, if the cell temperature after 10 min is
not within 2 K of test temperature, it shall be cooled further; alternatively, the rest time
duration shall be extended and it shall be inspected whether the cell temperature then
settles within 2 K. The next discharging or charging procedure is then proceeded with.
5) The test is performed according to the scheme shown in Figure 3a and Figure 3b.
– 14 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010
NOTE 1 Selective test conditions are shown in Table A.2 in Annex A.
NOTE 2 The current-voltage characteristic line can be obtained by straight-line approximation using the measured
values of current and voltage, from which I and power can be calculated. The slope of this line shows the
max
internal resistance of cell.
10 s
I
max
Discharge
(+)
10 s
10 I
t
Rest time
see 7.4.1 c) 4)
10 s
5 I
t
10 s
10 s
1 I
t
1/3 I
t Time
Current
(A)
10 s
10 s
1/3 I
t
1 I
t
10 s
5 I
t
10 s
10 I
t
Charge
(–)
10 s
I
max
IEC 2868/10
Figure 3a – Test order of the current-voltage characteristic test for HEV application
(continued overleaf)
62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 15 –
10 s
I
max
Discharge
(+)
10 s
5 I
t
Rest time
see 7.4.1 c) 4)
10 s
2 I
t
10 s
10 s
1 I
t
1/3 I
t Time
Current
(A)
10 s
10 s
1/3 I
t
1 I
t
10 s
2 I
t
10 s
5 I
t
Rest time
Charge
(–)
10 s
I
max
IEC 2869/10
Figure 3b – Test order of the current-voltage characteristic test for BEV application
Figure 3 – Test order of the current-voltage characteristic test
7.4.2 Calculation of power density
7.4.2.1 Power
The power shall be calculated according to equation (1) and rounded to 3 significant figures.
P = U ´I
d d dmax
(1)
where
P is the power (W);
d
U is the measured voltage at the end of the 10 s pulse of I discharge (V);
d dmax
I is the maximum discharge current which is specified by the manufacturer (A).
dmax
If P is an estimated value, it shall be stated.
d
7.4.2.2 Power density per unit mass
Mass power density is calculated from equation (2), and is rounded to 3 significant figures.
P
d
ρ =
pd
(2)
m
where
ρ is the power density (W/kg);
pd
– 16 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010
P is the power (W);
d
m is the mass of cell (kg).
7.4.2.3 Power density per unit volume
Volumetric power density shall be calculated from equation (3), and is rounded to 3 significant
figures.
P
d
ρ =
pvlm
(3)
V
where
ρ is the volumetric power density (W/l);
pvlm
P is the power (W);
d
V is the volume of cell (l).
The volume of a prismatic or a flat cell is given by the product of its total height excluding
terminals, width, and length, and that of a cylindrical cell is given by the product of the cross
section of the cylinder and its total length excluding terminals.
7.4.3 Calculation of regenerative power density
7.4.3.1 Regenerative power
Regenerative power shall be calculated according to equation (4) and rounded to three
significant figures.
P = U ´ I
c c cmax
(4)
where
P is the regenerative power (W);
c
U is the measured voltage at the end of the 10 s pulse of I charge (V);
c cmax
I is the maximum charge current specified by the manufacturer (A).
cmax
If P is an estimated value, it shall be stated.
c
7.4.3.2 Regenerative power density per unit mass
Regenerative power density per unit mass shall be calculated from equation (5) and is
rounded to three significant figures.
P
c
ρ =
(5)
pc
m
where
ρ is the regenerative power density (W/kg);
pc
P is the regenerative power (W);
c
m is the mass of cell (kg).
7.4.3.3 Regenerative power density per unit volume
Volumetric regenerative power density is calculated from equation (6) and is rounded to three
significant figures.
62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 17 –
P
c
ρ = (6)
pvlmc
V
where
ρ is the volumetric regenerative power density (W/l);
pvlmc
P is the regenerative power (W);
c
V is the volume of cell (l).
The volume of a prismatic or a flat cell is given by the product of its total height excluding
terminals, width, and length, and that of a cylindrical battery is given by the product of the
cross section of the cylinder and its total length excluding terminals.
7.5 Energy
7.5.1 Test method
Mass energy density (Wh/kg) and volumetric energy density (Wh/l) of cells in a certain current
discharge of 1/3 I A for BEV application and 1 I A for HEV application shall be determined
t t
according to the following procedure.
a) Mass measurement
Mass of the cell shall be measured as specified in Clause 6.
b) Dimension measurement
Dimension of the cell shall be measured as specified in Clause 5.
c) Capacity measurement
Capacity of the cell shall be determined in accordance with 7.2 at room temperature.
d) Average voltage calculation
The value of the average voltage during discharging in the above capacity test shall be
obtained by integrating the discharge voltage over time and dividing the result by the
discharge duration. The average voltage is calculated in a simple manner using the
following method: Discharge voltages U , U , …, U are noted every 5 s from the time the
1 2 n
discharging starts and voltages that cut off the end of discharge voltage in less than 5 s
are discarded. The average voltage U is then calculated in a simplified manner using
avr
equation (7) up to three significant figures by rounding off the result.
U +U +・・・+U
1 2 n
U = (7)
avr
n
NOTE Values provided by measurement devices may be used, if sufficient accuracy can be achieved.
7.5.2 Calculation of energy density
7.5.2.1 Energy density per unit mass
The mass energy density shall be calculated using equation (8) and equation (9) up to three
significant figures by rounding off the result.
W = C U (8)
ed d avr
– 18 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010
where
W is the electric energy of cell (Wh);
ed
C is the discharge capacity (Ah) at 1/3 I (A) for BEV or 1 I (A) for HEV;
d t t
U is the average voltage during discharging (V).
avr
Wed
(9)
ρ =
ed
m
where
ρ is the mass energy density (Wh/kg);
ed
W is the electric energy of cell (Wh);
ed
m is the mass of cell (kg).
7.5.2.2 Energy density per unit volume
The volumetric energy density shall be calculated using equation (10) up to three significant
figures by rounding off the result.
Wed
(10)
ρ =
evlmd
V
where
ρ is the volumetric energy density (Wh/l);
evlmd
W is the electric energy of cell (Wh);
ed
V is volume of cell (l).
The volume of prismatic cell shall be given by the product of the total height excluding
terminals, width, and length of the cell, and that of cylindrical cells shall be given by the
product of the cylindrical cross-sectional area and the total length excluding terminals.
7.6 Storage test
7.6.1 Charge retention test
The charge retention characteristics of cell at a 50 % SOC shall be determined according to
the following procedure.
Step 1 - The cell shall be charged in accordance with 7.1.
Step 2 - The cell shall be discharged to 50 % SOC in accordance with the method specified in
7.3. Then, the cell shall be stabilized at test temperature for 1 h.
Step 3 - Discharge the cell to the end-of-discharge voltage at a discharge current of 1/3 I (A)
t
for BEV application and 1 I (A) for HEV application and at room temperature. This discharge
t
capacity is C .
b
Step 4 - Repeat steps 1 and 2.
Step 5 - The cell shall be stored for 28 days at an ambient temperature 45 °C ± 2 K.
Step 6 - Discharge the cell at a constant current of 1/3 I (A) for BEV application and 1 I (A)
t t
for HEV application at room temperature until end-of-discharge voltage, and then measure the
capacity of cell. This discharge capacity is C .
r
62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 19 –
Charge retention ratio shall be calculated according to equation (11).
C
r
(11)
R= ´100
C
b
where
R is the charge retention ratio (%);
C is the capacity of cell after storage (Ah);
r
C is the capacity of cell before storage (Ah).
b
7.6.2 Storage life test
The storage life of a cell shall be determined according to the following procedure.
Step 1 - Determine the capacity, power density and regenerative power density of cell in
accordance with 7.1, 7.2 and 7.4.
Step 2 - Adjust the SOC of cell to 100 % for BEV application, and to 50 % for HEV application
in accordance with 7.3. The cell shall then be stored for 42 days at an ambient temperature
45 °C ± 2 K.
Step 3 - Following the storage of step 2, the cell shall be kept at room temperature according
to 4.4 and discharged at a constant current of 1/3 I (A) for BEV application and 1 I (A) for
t t
HEV application, down to the end-of discharge voltage specified by the manufacturer. Then,
measure the capacity of cell. This discharge capacity is the retained capacity (Ah).
Step 4 - Repeat step1, step 2 and step 3 for 3 times.
The capacity, power density, regenerative power density and retained capacity measured in
step1 and step 3 shall be reported.
If the cell is stored at room temperature during the test for rest such as for test timing
adjustment, the total time of such rest shall be reported.
7.7 Cycle life test
The cycle life test shall be performed to determine the degradation character of cell by charge
and discharge cycles.
NOTE 1 The cycle life test sequence is shown in Annex B.
NOTE 2 Selective test conditions are shown in Table A.3 in Annex A.
7.7.1 BEV cycle test
The cycle life performance of cell for BEV application shall be determined by the following test
methods.
7.7.1.1 Measurement of initial performance
Before the charge and discharge cycle test, measure the capacity, dynamic discharge
capacity, and power as the initial performance of cell.
– Capacity
The capacity shall be measured as specified in 7.2 at 25 °C ± 2 K.
– The dynamic discharge capacity C
D
– 20 – 62660-1 Ó IEC:2010
The dynamic discharge capacity C shall be measured at 25 °C ± 2 K and 45 °C ± 2 K.
D
The dynamic discharge capacity is defined by the time integrated value of charge and
discharge current confirmed by the following test: Discharge the fully charged cell repeatedly
by the dynamic discharge profile A specified in Table 3 and Figure 4 until the voltage reaches
the lower limit specified by the manufacturer.
– Power
The power shall be measured as specified in 7.4 at 25 °C ± 2 K, 50 % SOC.
7.7.1.2 Charge and discharge cycle
The charge and discharge cycle test shall be performed as follows.
a) Temperature
The ambient temperature shall be 45 °C ± 2 K. At the start of charge and discharge cycle, cell
temperature shall be 45 °C ± 2 K.
b) Charge and discharge cycle
A single cycle is determined as the repetition of the following steps from 1 to 4. The rest time
between each step shall be less than 4 h.
The cycle shall be continuously repeated for 28 days. Then, measure the performance of the
cell as specified in 7.7.1.2 c). This procedure shall be repeated until the test termination
specified in 7.7.1.2 d).
Step 1 - The cell shall be fully discharged by the method specified by the manufacturer.
Step 2 - The cells shall be fully charged by the method specified by the manufacturer. The
charge time shall be less than 12 h.
Step 3 - Discharge the cell following the dynamic discharge profile A specified in Table 3 and
Figure 4 until the discharged capacity reaches equivalent to 50 % ± 5 % of the initial dynamic
discharge capacity C at 45 °C.
D
If the voltage reaches the lower limit specified by the manufacturer during step 3, the test
shall be discontinued notwithstanding the stipulation in 7.7.1.2 d), and the cell performance
shall be measured at this point as specified in 7.7.1.2 c).
If the temperature of cell reaches the upper limit specified by the manufacturer during step 3,
the duration of charge/discharge step 20 in Table 3 can be extended to an appropriate value.
The actual duration time shall be reported.
In this profile, the test power shall be calculated using equation (12)
P = NW (12)
max ed
where
P is the test power (W);
max
N is a value (1/h) of vehicle required maximum power of cell (W) divided by energy of cell
(Wh);
NOTE The value of N = 3/h is an example based on the specifications of commercialized BEVs.
W is the electric energy of cell at room temperature (Wh).
ed
62660-1 Ó IEC:2010 – 21 –
If the value derived from equation (12) is larger than the maximum power of cell specified by
the manufacturer, the test power shall be defined as 80 % of the maximum power at room
temperature and at 20 % SOC specified by the manufacturer. Power value actually used shall
be reported.
Table 3 – Dynamic discharge profile A for BEV cycle test
Ratio to test power
Duration
Charge/discharge step Charge/discharge
s
%
1 16 0,0 -
...
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