CISPR TR 16-4-1:2009

Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling - Uncertainties in standardized EMC tests

CISPR/TR 16-4-1:2009 gives guidance on the treatment of uncertainties to those who are involved in the development or modification of CISPR electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards. In addition, this part provides useful background information for those who apply the standards and the uncertainty aspects in practice. The objectives of this part are to:
a) identify the parameters or sources governing the uncertainty associated with the statement that a given product complies with the requirement specified in a CISPR recommendation. This uncertainty will be called "standards compliance uncertainty";
b) give guidance on the estimation of the magnitude of the standards compliance uncertainty;
c) give guidance for the implementation of the standards compliance uncertainty into the compliance criterion of a CISPR standardised compliance test.
As such, this part can be considered as a handbook that can be used by standards writers to incorporate and harmonise uncertainty considerations in existing and future CISPR standards. This part also gives guidance to regulatory authorities, accreditation bodies and test engineers to judge the performance quality of an EMC test-laboratory carrying out CISPR standardised compliance tests. The uncertainty considerations given in this part can also be used as guidance when comparing test results (and their uncertainties) obtained by using different alternative test methods. The uncertainty of a compliance test also relates to the probability of occurrence of an electromagnetic interference (EMI) problem in practice. This aspect is recognized and introduced briefly in this part. However, the problem of relating uncertainties of a compliance test to the occurrence of EMI in practice is not considered within the scope of this part. The scope of this part is limited to all the relevant uncertainty considerations of a standardized EMC compliance test. This second edition of CISPR 16-4-1 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003, and its Amendments 1 (2004) and 2 (2007). It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition. The provisions available for application of uncertainties in the determination of the compliance criterion are explained more generally and a procedure is added for re-testing an approved EUT by another test house.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-Feb-2009
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 33.100.10 - Emission
• ICS: 33.100.20 - Immunity
• Technical Committee: CIS/A - Radio-interference measurements and statistical methods
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 31-May-2009
• Completion Date: 23-Feb-2009

Relations

• Revises: CISPR TR 16-4-1:2003/AMD1:2004 - Amendment 1 - Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling - Uncertainties in standardized EMC tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: CISPR TR 16-4-1:2003/AMD2:2007 - Amendment 2 - Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling - Uncertainties in standardized EMC tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: CISPR TR 16-4-1:2003 - Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling - Uncertainties in standardized EMC tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

CISPR/TR 16-4-1
Edition 2.0 2009-02
TECHNICAL
REPORT
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Uncertainties in
standardized EMC tests
CISPR/TR 16-4-1:2009(E)
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CISPR/TR 16-4-1
Edition 2.0 2009-02
TECHNICAL
REPORT
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling – Uncertainties in
standardized EMC tests
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XE
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-88910-014-9
– 2 – TR CISPR 16-4-1 © IEC:2009(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.7
INTRODUCTION.9
1 Scope.10
2 Normative references .10
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations .11
3.1 Terms and definitions .12
3.2 Abbreviations .15
4 Basic considerations on uncertainties in emission measurements.15
4.1 Introductory remarks .15
4.2 Types of uncertainties in emission measurements .17
4.2.1 General .17
4.2.2 Purpose of uncertainty considerations .18
4.2.3 Categories of uncertainty sources.19
4.2.4 Summary of types of uncertainties .22
4.2.5 Influence quantities .22
4.2.6 The measurand and the intrinsic uncertainty.23
4.3 Relation between standards compliance uncertainty and interference
probability .25
4.3.1 General .25
4.3.2 The measurand and the associated limit.25
4.3.3 Process of determination and application of uncertainties.26
4.4 Assessment of uncertainties in a standardised emission measurement .27
4.4.1 The process of uncertainty estimation.27
4.4.2 Step 1: Definition of the purpose of the uncertainty consideration.27
4.4.3 Step 2: Identifying the measurand, its uncertainty sources and
influence quantities.28
4.4.4 Step 3: Evaluate the standard uncertainty of each relevant influence
quantity .29
4.4.5 Step 4: Calculation of the combined and expanded uncertainty .30
4.5 Verification of the uncertainty budget .31
4.5.1 Introductory remarks.31
4.5.2 Test laboratory comparison and the measurement compatibility
requirement .32
4.5.3 Interlaboratory comparison and statistical evaluation.34
4.5.4 Application of a ‘calculable EUT’ .35
4.5.5 Application of a ‘reference EUT’ .35
4.6 Reporting of the uncertainty .35
4.6.1 General .35
4.6.2 Reporting results of uncertainty assessments .36
4.6.3 Uncertainty statements in routine compliance measurement results.36
4.6.4 Reporting of the expanded uncertainty .36
4.7 Application of uncertainties in the compliance criterion.37
4.7.1 Introductory remarks.37
4.7.2 Manufacturers’ compliance criterion for compliance measurements .41
4.7.3 Compliance criteria for mass-produced products (80 %/80 % rule) .41
4.7.4 Compliance criteria for quality assurance tests using a reference EUT.42
4.7.5 Application of uncertainties in re-testing .42

TR CISPR 16-4-1 © IEC:2009(E) – 3 –
5 Basic considerations on uncertainties in immunity testing.44
6 Voltage measurements .44
6.1 Introductory remarks .44
6.2 Voltage measurements (general).44
6.2.1 Introductory remarks.44
6.2.2 Voltage measurements basics .44
6.2.3 The disturbance source and types of voltage .46
6.3 Voltage measurements using a voltage probe .48
6.4 Voltage measurement using a V-terminal artificial mains network.48
6.4.1 Introductory remarks.48
6.4.2 Basic circuit diagram of the voltage measurement .49
6.4.3 Voltage measurement and standards compliance uncertainty .50
6.4.4 Combined uncertainty.51
6.4.5 The compliance criterion.52
6.4.6 Influence quantities .52
7 Absorbing clamp measurements .56
7.1 General .56
7.1.1 Objective .56
7.1.2 Introductory remarks.57
7.2 Uncertainties related to the calibration of the absorbing clamp .57
7.2.1 General .57
7.2.2 The measurand .58
7.2.3 Uncertainty sources.58
7.2.4 Influence quantities .59
7.2.5 Application of the uncertainty budget .63
7.2.6 Typical examples of an uncertainty budget .63
7.2.7 Verification of the uncertainty budget.64
7.3 Uncertainties related to the absorbing clamp measurement method .64
7.3.1 General .64
7.3.2 The measurand .64
7.3.3 Uncertainty sources.65
7.3.4 Influence quantities .66
7.3.5 Application of the uncertainty budget .68
7.3.6 Typical examples of the uncertainty budget .68
7.3.7 Verification of the uncertainty budget.69
8 Radiated emission measurements using a SAC or an OATS in the frequency range
of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz .71
8.1 General .71
8.1.1 Objective .71
8.1.2 Introductory remarks.71
8.2 Uncertainties related to the SAC/OATS radiated emission measurement
method.72
8.2.1 General .72
8.2.2 The measurand .73
8.2.3 Uncertainty sources.74
8.2.4 Influence quantities .75
8.2.5 Application of the uncertainty estimate .86
8.2.6 Typical examples of the uncertainty estimate.86

– 4 – TR CISPR 16-4-1 © IEC:2009(E)
8.2.7 Verification of the uncertainty estimate .87
9 Conducted immunity measurements .88
10 Radiated immunity measurements .88

Annex A (informative) Compliance uncertainty and interference probability.89
Annex B (informative) Numerical example of the consequences of Faraday’s law .91
Annex C (informative) Possible amendments to CISPR publications with regards to
voltage measurements .93
Annex D (informative) Analysis method of results of an interlaboratory test .96
Annex E (informative) Uncertainty budgets for the clamp calibration methods .97
Annex F (informative) Uncertainty budget for the clamp measurement method .99
Annex G (informative) Uncertainty estimates for the radiated emission measurement
methods .101
Annex H (informative) Results of various round robin tests for SAC/OATS-based
radiated emission me
...