IEC 60704-2-18:2022
(Main)Household and similar electrical appliances - Test code for the determination of airborne acoustical noise - Part 2-18: Particular requirements for electric water heaters
Household and similar electrical appliances - Test code for the determination of airborne acoustical noise - Part 2-18: Particular requirements for electric water heaters
IEC 60704-2-18:2022 applies to single-unit electric water heaters for household and similar use intended for placing on the floor against a wall, for building-in or placing under a counter, a kitchen worktop or under a sink, for wall-mounting or on a counter.
This document does not apply to:
– combustion water heaters;
– water kettles;
– heat pump water heaters;
– conventional electric storage water heaters as defined in IEC 60335-2-21:2012, Clause 1;
– instantaneous electric water heaters without any noise-producing components such as motors and pumps.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with IEC 60704‑1:2021.
Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues - Code d'essai pour la détermination du bruit aérien - Partie 2-18: Exigences particulières pour les chauffe-eau électriques
L'IEC 60704-2-18:2022 s'applique aux chauffe-eau électriques à une seule unité à usage domestique et analogue, destinés à être placés sur le sol contre un mur, intégrés ou placés sous un comptoir, un plan de travail de cuisine ou un évier, montés au mur ou sur un comptoir.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas:
– aux chauffe-eau à combustion;
– aux bouilloires;
– aux chauffe-eau à pompe à chaleur;
– aux chauffe-eau électriques à accumulation ordinaires, définis à l'Article 1 de l'IEC 60335-2-21:2012;
– aux chauffe-eau instantanés électriques sans composants générateurs de bruit tels que des moteurs ou des pompes.
Le présent document est destiné à être utilisé conjointement avec l'IEC 60704-1:2021.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 60704-2-18 ®
Edition 1.0 2022-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Household and similar electrical appliances – Test code for the determination of
airborne acoustical noise –
Part 2-18: Particular requirements for electric water heaters
Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues – Code d'essai pour la détermination
du bruit aérien –
Partie 2-18: Exigences particulières pour les chauffe-eau électriques
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IEC 60704-2-18 ®
Edition 1.0 2022-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Household and similar electrical appliances – Test code for the determination of
airborne acoustical noise –
Part 2-18: Particular requirements for electric water heaters
Appareils électrodomestiques et analogues – Code d'essai pour la détermination
du bruit aérien –
Partie 2-18: Exigences particulières pour les chauffe-eau électriques
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.140.20; 97.100.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-1073-7
– 2 – IEC 60704-2-18:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Measurement methods and acoustical environments . 7
5 Instrumentation . 12
6 Operation and location of appliances under test . 12
7 Measurement of sound pressure levels . 13
8 Calculation of sound pressure and sound power levels . 14
9 Information to be recorded . 14
10 Information to be reported . 14
Annexes . 15
Annex A (normative) Standard test table . 15
Bibliography . 16
Figure 101 – Scanning patterns according to ISO 9614-2 . 10
Table 101 – C values . 10
Table 102 – S values . 11
Table 1 – Standard deviations of sound power levels . 11
Table 2 – Standard deviations for declaration and verification . 11
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
TEST CODE FOR THE DETERMINATION
OF AIRBORNE ACOUSTICAL NOISE –
Part 2-18: Particular requirements for electric water heaters
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60704-2-18 has been prepared by subcommittee 59C: Electrical heating appliances for
household and similar purposes, of IEC technical committee 59: Performance of household and
similar electrical appliances. It is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
59C/262/CDV 59C/266A/RVC
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
– 4 – IEC 60704-2-18:2022 © IEC 2022
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with IEC 60704‑1:2021, Household and
similar electrical appliances – Test code for the determination of airborne acoustical noise –
Part 1: General requirements.
The relevant text of IEC 60704‑1:2021 as amended by this publication establishes the test code
for electrical water heaters.
This document supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 60704-1:2021. When
a particular subclause of IEC 60704‑1:2021 is not mentioned in this document, that subclause
is applicable as far as reasonable. Where this document states "addition", "modification",
"replacement" or "deletion", the relevant requirements, test specifications or explanatory matter
in IEC 60704‑1:2021 should be adapted accordingly.
Subclauses, figures and tables that are additional to those in IEC 60704‑1:2021 are numbered
starting from 101.
Unless notes are in a new subclause or involve notes in IEC 60704‑1:2021, they are numbered
starting from 101, including those in a replaced clause or subclause.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 60704 series, under the general title Household and similar
electrical appliances – Test code for the determination of airborne acoustical noise, can be
found on the IEC website.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
INTRODUCTION
The measuring conditions specified in this part of IEC 60704 provide for sufficient accuracy in
determining the noise emitted and comparing the results of measurements taken by different
laboratories whilst simulating, as far as possible, the practical use of household water heaters.
It is recommended to consider the determination of noise levels as part of a comprehensive
testing procedure covering many aspects of the properties and performance of household water
heaters.
Special forms of electric water heaters generate remarkable noise, which is not common for
conventional electric water heaters. In order to capture these special products, this document
was developed. It provides a noise measurement procedure, which serves as an instrument for
realizing technical improvements on the products and prevents false declarations in regulatory
systems (e.g. European regulation on energy labelling).
NOTE As stated in the introduction to IEC 60704-1, this test code is concerned with airborne noise only.
– 6 – IEC 60704-2-18:2022 © IEC 2022
HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES –
TEST CODE FOR THE DETERMINATION
OF AIRBORNE ACOUSTICAL NOISE –
Part 2-18: Particular requirements for electric water heaters
1 Scope
This clause of IEC 60704‑1:2021 is applicable except as follows:
Addition:
These particular requirements apply to single-unit electric water heaters for household and
similar use intended for placing on the floor against a wall, for building-in or placing under a
counter, a kitchen worktop or under a sink, for wall-mounting or on a counter.
NOTE 1 Conventional electric water heaters that make use of the Joule effect in electric resistance heating elements
normally do not produce any noise emissions. However, there are products with noise-producing components on the
market. Examples of such components are motors and pumps e.g. for increasing water pressure.
NOTE 2 Noise of control elements is disregarded because of the sporadic character and its normally very low sound
level.
This document does not apply to:
– combustion water heaters;
– water kettles;
– heat pump water heaters;
– conventional electric storage water heaters as defined in IEC 60335-2-21:2012, Clause 1;
– instantaneous electric water heaters without any noise-producing components such as
motors and pumps.
2 Normative references
This clause of IEC 60704‑1:2021 is applicable except as follows:
Addition:
IEC 60379:— , Methods for measuring the performance of electric storage water-heaters for
household purposes
IEC 60704‑1:2021, Household and similar electrical appliances – Test code for the
determination of airborne acoustical noise – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 63159-1, Electric instantaneous water heaters – Methods for measuring the performance –
Part 1: General requirements
IEC 63159-2-1, Electric instantaneous water heaters – Methods for measuring the performance
– Part 2-1: Multifunctional electric instantaneous water heaters
___________
Under development. Stage at the time of publication: IEC CDV 60379:2021.
IEC 63159-2-2, Electric instantaneous water heaters – Methods for measuring the performance
– Part 2-2: Efficiency of single point of use electric instantaneous water heaters
3 Terms and definitions
This clause of IEC 60704‑1:2021 is applicable except as follows:
3.3
operational cycle
Replacement of the definition:
specific sequence of operational periods occurring while the appliance under test performs a
complete work cycle; during the operational cycle, each operational period is associated with a
specific process that can occur only once
Addition:
3.101
noise-producing components
components that produce noise emissions during the water heating and/or the tapping process
Note 1 to entry: Components including motors, but not exclusively (e.g. pumps), are considered to be noise-
producing components. Joule effect heating elements are not considered to be noise-producing components. Noise
may be generated by boiling and cooking and by generating steam bubbles.
3.102
control components
components that are used for the controlling purposes of the water heater
4 Measurement methods and acoustical environments
This clause of IEC 60704‑1:2021 is applicable except as follows:
4.1 General
nd
Addition after 2 paragraph.
The methods specified in ISO 3743-1, ISO 3743-2 and ISO 3744 can be used for measuring
noise emitted by electric water heaters.
4.2 Direct method
Addition:
4.2.101 Intensity method
Measurement in a free field, reverberation, or special reverberation room is often not possible
because the appliance cannot be placed in such an environment. In this case, the intensity
method shall be applied accordingly. The acoustical environments shall be applied as detailed
in 4.4.1.
For the intensity method, the standard deviations as given in 4.5.2 apply.
– 8 – IEC 60704-2-18:2022 © IEC 2022
4.4 Acoustical environments
Addition:
4.4.101 Acoustical environments for intensity method
4.4.101.1 General
Although the test of sound intensity does not require a special environment, it is recommended
to minimize reflections of sound waves due to hard walls or other objects in the surroundings,
which are not included in the measuring surface. A coating made of absorbent foam on the
walls highly facilitates fulfilling the required conditions for a test result conforming to
ISO 9614-1:1993, ISO 9614-2:1996 and ISO 9614-3:2002.
The general requirements of ISO 9614-1:1993, ISO 9614-2:1996 and ISO 9614-3:2002 shall be
applied. These standards enable provisions for sound power level according to category 2 or 3.
The test shall comply with category 2.
4.4.101.2 Principle
The sound power of the electric water heater is determined by measuring the sound intensity
vector and integrating it over a fictitious measurement surface, which surrounds the electric
water heater.
Since the sound intensity method can distinguish sound waves coming from the inside and the
outside of the measurement surface, no special environment is needed for the test, as long the
background noise is stationary.
4.4.101.3 Measurement points and procedure
4.4.101.3.1 General
The measuring points are located on a fictitious measuring surface, which completely surrounds
the object under examination. The floor and any walls that are included in the surface shall be
reflective (absorption factor < 0,06, usually fulfilled by concrete or masonry). No absorbing
materials may be placed inside the measuring surface. A cuboid shape is recommended for the
measuring surface because it is easier to manage.
Every side of the surface, except for the reflective walls, are divided into segments of the area
. The surface areas of the segments do not have to be of equal size, but calculation of the
S
i
according sound power levels is easier if they are.
During the test, the sound field caused by the examined sound source and background noise
shall be stationary.
The temporal variability of the sound field shall be determined by the following test.
Choose a “typical” test position on the measurement surface. Carry out 10 consecutive tests of
the normal sound intensity I , at this position. The temporal variability indicator shall be
n
calculated in accordance with Equation (1)
F (II− ) (1)
1 ∑ nnk
I
n k=1
=
where
I is the mean value of the 10 tests.
n
II=
nn∑ k
k=1
If F is greater than 0,6, action shall be taken in order to reduce the temporal variability of
extraneous noise, or the test period shall be increased.
4.4.101.3.2 Test in accordance with ISO 9614-1 (discrete points)
The measuring points are positioned in the centre of the surface segments. Their distance to
the noise source shall be at least 0,5 m. The number of measuring points (and therefore surface
segments) shall be at least 1 per m , but in any case, not less than 10. Regarding a common
boiler, it is recommended to apply segments with dimensions of about 0,5 m × 0,5 m.
The measuring time for each point shall be at least 20 s to 30 s.
The quality of the mesh is verified by calculating the field non-uniformity indicator F for each
frequency band of interest in accordance with Equation (2)
N
F (II− ) (2)
∑
4 nni
N−1
I
n i=1
where
N is the number of measuring points;
I are the measured normal sound intensity values corresponding to the segment areas S ;
ni i
I̅ is the surface normal sound intensity determined in Equation (3).
n
N
II=
(3)
∑
nni
N
i=1
The mesh of measuring points fulfils the requirements of ISO 9614-1, if
N > C F
where
C is taken from Table 101.
=
– 10 – IEC 60704-2-18:2022 © IEC 2022
Table 101 – C values
One-third-octave
Octave band
band centre C
centre frequencies
frequencies
Category 1 Category 2
Hz Hz
(Precision class) (Engineering class)
63 to 125 50 to 160 19 11
250 to 500 200 to 630 29 19
1 000 to 4 000 800 to 5 000 57 29
6 300 19 14
If the criterion is not fulfilled in any frequency bands of interest, the number of surface segments,
and therefore measuring points, shall be increased.
4.4.101.3.3 Test in accordance with ISO 9614-2 (scanning)
The distance between the noise source and the measuring surface shall be no less than 0,2 m.
Each segment is scanned twice using patterns similar to those depicted in Figure 101. For the
second scan of each segment, the pattern shall be rotated by 90° in accordance with
Figure 101. The distance between adjacent scanning lines shall not exceed the distance to the
noise source. The speed of the probe during scanning shall be in the range of 0,1 m/s to 0,5 m/s.
The duration of each scan shall be no less than 20 s.
Key
1 segment area
2 measuring path
Figure 101 – Scanning patterns according to ISO 9614-2
The difference of the two sound power levels resulting from the two scans L (1) and L (2)
Wi Wi
for each segment is:
L (1) - L (2)
Wi Wi
where
L shall be calculated in accordance with Equation (4):
Wi
IS⋅
nii
L 10⋅lg dB
(4)
Wi
P
=
−12
with the reference sound power P = 10 W, which shall not exceed the value S given in
Table 102.
Table 102 – S values
Octave band One-third-octave
S
centre frequencies band centre frequencies
Category 2
Hz Hz
(Engineering class)
63 to 125 50 to 160 3
250 200 to 315 2
500 to 4 000 400 to 5 000 1,5
6 300 2,5
If the criterion is not fulfilled in any frequency band of interest, the two tests in this segment
shall be repeated.
The normal sound intensity I for each segment i shall be calculated as the average of the two
ni
measured values in accordance with Equation (5):
I (II(1)+ (2)) (5)
ni nni i
4.5 Measurement uncertainties
4.5.2 Standard deviations on repeatability and reproducibility and standard deviations
related to declaration and verification
Replacement:
For electric water heaters, the estimated values of standard deviations of sound power levels
determined in accordance with this document are indicated in Table 1:
Table 1 – Standard deviations of sound power levels
Standard deviation (dB)
σ (repeatability) σ (reproducibility)
r R
0,4 0,8
For the purpose of determining and verifying declared noise emission values for electric water
heaters in accordance with IEC 60704-3, the values indicated in Table 2 apply:
Table 2 – Standard deviations for declaration and verification
Standard deviation (dB)
σ (production) σ (total) σ (reference)
P t M
0,5 to 1,0 0,9 to 1,3 1,5
=
– 12 – IEC 60704-2-18:2022 © IEC 2022
5 Instrumentation
This clause of IEC 60704‑1:2021 is applicable except as follows:
5.1 Instrumentation for measuring acoustical data
Addition:
5.1.101 Test equipment for intensity measurement
The test equipment shall comply with the requirements of ISO 9614-1:1993 and
ISO 9614‑2:1996 with regards to:
– the sound intensity probe;
– the dual-channel real-time frequency analyser, and
– the acoustic calibrator (sound pressure calibrator or, if available, sound intensity calibrator).
In addition to the sound pressure calibration of the two probe microphones, the following field
check shall be carried out prior to each series of tests.
Place the intensity probe on the measuring surface with the axis in normal orientation to the
surface, at a position where the intensity is higher than the surface average. Measure the
normal sound intensity I in all frequency bands of interest. Rotate the intensity probe through
n
180° about an axis normal to the measurement axis and place it with its acoustic centre in the
same position as the first test. Measure the intensity again. For the maximum band level (octave
or third octave), the two values of I shall have the opposite signs and the difference between
n
the two sound intensity levels shall be less than 1,5 dB in all bands for the measuring equipment
to be acceptable.
6 Operation and location of appliances under test
This clause of IEC 60704‑1:2021 is applicable except as follows:
6.1 Equipping and pre-conditioning of appliances
6.1.3
Replacement:
Prior to noise measurements, the appliance, equipped as for intended use, shall have been in
operation for at least 10 min in order to prevent excessive noise due to parts not being run-in.
6.1.4
Replacement:
Immediately before each series of noise measurements, the appliance, equipped as for the
intended use, is operated for at least 5 min in order to stabilize the operating conditions at the
highest noise emission.
6.2 Supply of electric energy and of water or gas
6.2.1
Replacement of the first sentence of first paragraph with the following.
Mains-powered electric water heaters are supplied at rated voltage and at rated frequency.
6.2.2
Not applicable.
6.2.3
Not applicable.
6.2.4
Replacement:
The water and/or gas supply, if any, shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
The temperature of cold water shall be (15 ± 5) °C.
6.3 Climatic conditions
Addition:
For intensity testing, the electric water heater shall be operated at an ambient temperature of
15 °C to 25 °C.
6.4 Loading and operating of appliances during tests
6.4.1
Addition:
Conditions defined in IEC 63159-1, IEC 63159-2-1, IEC 63159‑2‑2 and IEC 60379 shall apply.
To determine the operating conditions with the highest noise emission, the operating modes
(i.e. temperature, power, volume flow) of the appliance shall be varied. If several operating
conditions with high noise are determined, all these operating points shall be measured and the
loudest shall be selected.
For intensity testing, the general requirements are given in ISO 9614-1:1993, Clause 7, and
ISO 9614‑2:1996, Clause 7.
6.5 Location and mounting of appliances
6.5.1
Addition:
The appliance shall be installed in accordance with the installation instructions. The appliance
shall be connected to electrical and hydraulic sources. The electrical and hydraulic connections
shall allow regular operation. For hydraulic connections, hoses are recommended for acoustic
decoupling. Before starting the measurement, the device shall be completely vented.
For intensity testing, the general requirements are given in ISO 9614-1:1993, Clause 7, and
ISO 9614‑2:1996, Clause 7.
7 Measurement of sound pressure levels
This clause of IEC 60704‑1:2021 is applicable except as follows:
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