IEC 60598-1:2020

Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests

IEC 60598-1:2020 specifies general requirements for luminaires, incorporating electric light sources for operation from supply voltages up to 1 000 V. The requirements and related tests of this document cover: classification, marking, mechanical construction, electrical construction and photobiological safety. This ninth edition cancels and replaces the eighth edition published in 2014 and Amendment 1:2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Revision of Clause 4.30, Fixing cover live parts of non-user replaceable light source;
- Subclause 4.24.2, Blue Light Hazard: removal of Risk Group 0;
- Subclause 5.2.16: additional requirements for AC mains appliance inlets related to IEC 61984;
- Addition of Subclause 3.3.25, UV protection of cable;
- Addition of Clause 4.34, Inclusion of EMF safety requirements (IEC 62493);
- Revision of the requirements for functional earth and protective earth;
- Addition of Clause 4.35, Protection against fast rotating parts;
- Revision of Clause 3.2, Rated voltage marking;
- Revision of Subclause 5.2.10, Cord anchorage;
- Revision of Annex G for touch current and protective conductor current test set-up;
- Addition of requirements for constant light output function and programmable current output;
- Revision of Subclause 8.2.3 c), touch voltage limits for interrupted DC voltage;
- Introduction of PELV;
- Introduction of Ethernet power supply connection for luminaires (PoE);
- Section 9, Introduction of IPX9;
- Addition of Subclause 3.3.26 for wall mounted luminaires;
- Revision of Annex D introducing alternative thermal tests for luminaires with ta marking higher than 25°C;
- Revision of Table 10.3 and Subclause 3.3.19 for protective conductor current limits;
- Track-mounted luminaires: cross reference to Annex A of IEC 60570:2003/AMD2:2019;
- Revision of Subclause 10.2.2, alternative DC electric strength test;
- Revision of Annex D for recessed luminaires;
- Subclause 4.12.5: revision of Table 4.2 for torque test on metal glands;
- Revision of use of bridging capacitors in luminaires;
- Revision of electrical connection to class III plugs.
The contents of the Interpretation sheet 1 (2023-08) have been included in this copy.

Luminaires - Partie 1: Exigences générales et essais

IEC 60598-1:2020, La présente Partie 1 de l’IEC 60598 spécifie pour les luminaires incorporant des sources lumineuses électriques, les exigences générales pour le fonctionnement à des tensions d'alimentation jusqu'à 1 000 V. Les exigences et les essais correspondants de ce document concernent: la classification, le marquage, la construction mécanique et électrique, ainsi que la sécurité photobiologique.
Cette neuvième édition annule et remplace la huitième édition parue en 2014 et l'Amendement 1:2017. Cette édition constitue une révision technique.
Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) Révision du Paragraphe 4.30 concernant la fixation d’une vasque au-dessus des parties actives d’une source lumineuse non remplaçable par l’utilisateur;
b) Paragraphe 4.24.2, Danger rétinien lié à la lumière bleue: suppression du Groupe de risque 0;
c) Paragraphe 5.2.16: ajout d’exigences relatives aux socles de connecteur réseau en courant alternatif conformes à l’IEC 61984;
d) Ajout du Paragraphe 3.3.25 traitant de la protection anti-UV des câbles;
e) Ajout du Paragraphe 4.34, Inclusion d’exigences de sécurité relatives aux EMF (electromagnetic fields – champs électromagnétiques) (IEC 62493);
f) Révision des exigences relatives à la terre fonctionnelle et à la terre de protection;
g) Ajout du Paragraphe 4.35, Protection contre les éléments en rotation rapide;
h) Révision du Paragraphe 3.2 en ce qui concerne le marquage de la tension assignée;
i) Révision du Paragraphe 5.2.10 concernant le dispositif d’arrêt de traction;
j) Révision de l’Annexe G concernant le montage d’essai de courant de contact et de courant dans le conducteur de protection;
k) Ajout d’exigences relatives à la fonction de flux lumineux constant et de courant de sortie programmable;
l) Révision du Paragraphe 8.2.3 c) en ce qui concerne les limites de tension de contact pour la tension en courant continu interrompu;
m) Inclusion de TBTP;
n) Inclusion de la connexion des luminaires à l’alimentation électrique par câble Ethernet
(PoE – Power over Ethernet)
o) Section 9: inclusion de IPX9;
p) Ajout du Paragraphe 3.3.26 pour les appliques murales;
q) Révision de l’Annexe D introduisant des essais alternatifs d’échauffement pour luminaires ayant un marquage ta supérieur à 25 °C;
r) Révision du Tableau 10.3 et du Paragraphe 3.3.19 relatifs aux limites de courant dans le conducteur de protection;
s) Luminaires montés sur rail: renvoi à l’Annexe A de l’IEC 60570:2003/AMD2:2019;
t) Révision du Paragraphe 10.2.2 pour l’essai alternatif de rigidité diélectrique en courant continu;
u) Révision de l’Annexe D pour les luminaires encastrés;
v) Paragraphe 4.12.5: révision du Tableau 4.2 relatif à l’essai de torsion sur les presse-étoupes métalliques;
w) Révision de l’utilisation de condensateurs de pontage dans les luminaires;
x) Révision de la connexion électrique à des fiches de classe III.
La présente version bilingue (2021-07) correspond à la version anglaise monolingue publiée en 2020-08.
Le contenu de la feuille d'interprétation 1 (2023-08) a été pris en considération dans cet exemplaire.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 16-Aug-2020
• ICS: 29.140.40 - Luminaires
• Technical Committee: SC 34D - Luminaires
• Drafting Committee: WG 1 - TC 34/SC 34D/WG 1
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Start Date: 06-Nov-2024
• Completion Date: 26-Oct-2025

Relations

• Revises: IEC 60598-1:2014/COR2:2015 - Corrigendum 2 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revised: IEC 60598-1:2024 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revised: IEC 60598-1:2020/ISH1:2023 - Interpretation Sheet 1 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 60598-1:2014/COR1:2015 - Corrigendum 1 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 60598-1:2014/AMD1:2017 - Amendment 1 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 60598-1:2014 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 60598-1:2014/ISH1:2016 - Interpretation sheet 1 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 60598-1:2014/COR3:2017 - Corrigendum 3 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Overview

IEC 60598-1:2020 - Edition 9.0 - is the international standard for luminaires - general requirements and tests. It defines mandatory requirements and test methods for luminaires incorporating electric light sources for operation from supply voltages up to 1 000 V. This technical revision (9th edition) replaces the 2014 edition and 2017 amendment and updates requirements for classification, marking, mechanical and electrical construction, thermal performance, photobiological safety and more.

Key topics and requirements

• Scope and classification: Rules for luminaire types, degrees of protection (IP), mounting surfaces and circumstances of use.
• Marking and information: Requirements for rated voltage marking, ta/temperature ratings, and additional user/installer information.
• Mechanical construction: Fixings, cord anchorage, glands and torque tests, protection against fast rotating parts and fan blades, and recessed/wall-mounted luminaire considerations.
• Electrical construction: Supply connections, cord anchorage, insulation, creepage and clearance, screw and screwless terminals, and requirements for protective earth and functional earth.
• Safety tests: Insulation resistance, electric strength, touch current and protective conductor current (revised limits and test set-up), and alternative DC electric strength tests.
• Thermal and endurance testing: Normal and abnormal thermal tests, revised Annex D for luminaires with ta >25 °C and recessed luminaires.
• Photobiological safety: Blue-light hazard revisions (removal of Risk Group 0) and other photobiological requirements for LED and non‑user replaceable light sources.
• New and revised topics in 2020: Inclusion of EMF safety (IEC 62493), Power over Ethernet (PoE) connection, IPX9 ingress rating, PELV introduction, UV protection of cable, constant light output and programmable current output functions, and updates for track-mounted luminaires.

Practical applications & who uses this standard

IEC 60598-1:2020 is essential for:

• Luminaire manufacturers designing products for global markets to ensure safety, marking, thermal performance and compliance.
• Test laboratories and certification bodies performing type and routine testing (insulation, touch current, thermal, IP and photobiological tests).
• Lighting designers, electrical installers and specifiers selecting luminaires for specific environments (outdoor, wet zones, recessed installations, track systems, PoE systems).
• Regulatory authorities and procurement teams assessing product conformity and safety risks.

Practical use cases include product development, compliance assessment, conformity documentation for CE/UKCA/other approvals, and safety verification for LED luminaires with built-in controlgear.

Related standards

• IEC 62493 (EMF evaluation for luminaires)
• IEC 61984 (connectors requirements referenced for appliance inlets)
• IEC 60570 (track-mounted luminaires reference)
• IEC 62031 / IEC 60432 (LED/lamps referenced for test lamps and modules)
• Parts of IEC 60598 series (specific luminaire types and additional requirements)

Keywords: IEC 60598-1:2020, luminaires standard, general requirements and tests, photobiological safety, thermal testing, IPX9, PoE luminaires, EMF safety, protective earth, touch current.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 60598-1 ®
Edition 9.0 2020-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Luminaires –
Part 1: General requirements and tests
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé [e-mail]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional languages.
and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary

(IEV) online.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
details all new publications released. Available online and 67 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
once a month by email. French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or CISPR.

need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service

Centre: [e-mail].
IEC 60598-1 ®
Edition 9.0 2020-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Luminaires –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.140.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-8682-1

– 2 – IEC 60598-1:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 9
SECTION 0: GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 12
0.1 Scope . 12
0.2 Normative references . 13
0.3 General requirements . 16
0.4 General test requirements and verification . 16
0.5 Components of luminaires . 17
0.6 List of parts of IEC 60598-2 . 18
0.7 Information for luminaire design in light sources standards . 19
SECTION 1: TERMS AND DEFINITIONS . 20
1.1 General . 20
1.2 Terms and definitions . 20
SECTION 2: CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINAIRES . 36
2.1 General . 36
2.2 Classification according to type of protection against electric shock . 36
2.3 Classification according to degree of protection against ingress of dust, solid
objects and moisture . 36
2.4 Classification according to material of supporting surface for which the
luminaire is designed . 36
2.5 Classification according to the circumstances of use . 37
SECTION 3: MARKING . 38
3.1 General . 38
3.2 Marking on luminaires . 38
3.3 Additional information . 44
3.4 Test of marking . 47
SECTION 4: CONSTRUCTION . 48
4.1 General . 48
4.2 Replaceable components . 48
4.3 Wireways . 48
4.4 Lampholders . 48
4.5 Starterholders . 50
4.6 Terminal blocks. 50
4.7 Terminals and supply connections . 51
4.8 Switches . 53
4.9 Insulating linings and sleeves . 53
4.10 Double and reinforced insulation . 54
4.11 Electrical connections and current-carrying parts . 56
4.12 Screws and connections (mechanical) and glands . 57
4.13 Mechanical strength . 60
4.14 Suspensions, fixings and means of adjustment . 63
4.15 Flammable materials . 67
4.16 Luminaires for mounting on normally flammable surfaces . 68
4.17 Drain holes . 70
4.18 Resistance to corrosion . 70
4.19 Ignitors . 70
4.20 Rough service luminaires – Vibration requirements . 71

4.21 Protective shield . 71
4.22 Attachments to lamps. 72
4.23 Semi-luminaires . 72
4.24 Photobiological hazards . 72
4.25 Mechanical hazard . 73
4.26 Short-circuit protection . 73
4.27 Terminal blocks with integrated screwless protective earthing contacts . 74
4.28 Fixing of thermal sensing controls . 74
4.29 Luminaire with non-replaceable light source . 75
4.30 Luminaires with non-user replaceable light sources . 75
4.31 Insulation between circuits . 75
4.32 Overvoltage protective devices . 77
4.33 Luminaire powered via information technology communication cabling . 78
4.34 Electromagnetic fields (EMF) . 78
4.35 Protection against moving fan blades . 78
4.36 Track-mounted luminaires . 78
SECTION 5: EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL WIRING . 79
5.1 General . 79
5.2 Supply connection and other external wiring . 79
5.3 Internal wiring . 87
5.4 Test to determine suitability of conductors having a reduced cross-sectional

area . 89
SECTION 6: Void . 91
SECTION 7: PROVISION FOR EARTHING . 92
7.1 General . 92
7.2 Provision for earthing . 92
SECTION 8: PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK . 95
8.1 General . 95
8.2 Protection against electric shock . 95
SECTION 9: RESISTANCE TO DUST, SOLID OBJECTS AND MOISTURE . 99
9.1 General . 99
9.2 Tests for ingress of dust, solid objects and moisture . 99
9.3 Humidity test . 103
SECTION 10: INSULATION RESISTANCE AND ELECTRIC STRENGTH, TOUCH
CURRENT AND PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR CURRENT . 105
10.1 General . 105
10.2 Insulation resistance and electric strength . 105
10.3 Touch current, protective conductor current and electric burn . 109
SECTION 11: CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND CLEARANCES . 111
11.1 General . 111
11.2 Creepage distances and clearances . 111
SECTION 12: ENDURANCE TEST AND THERMAL TEST. 115
12.1 General . 115
12.2 Selection of lamps and ballasts . 115
12.3 Endurance test . 115
12.4 Thermal test (normal operation) . 117
12.5 Thermal test (abnormal operation) . 122
12.6 Thermal test (failed windings in lamp controlgear) . 127

– 4 – IEC 60598-1:2020 © IEC 2020
12.7 Thermal test in regard to fault conditions in lamp controlgear or electronic
devices incorporated in thermoplastic luminaires . 129
SECTION 13: RESISTANCE TO HEAT, FIRE AND TRACKING . 132
13.1 General . 132
13.2 Resistance to heat . 132
13.3 Resistance to flame and ignition . 132
13.4 Resistance to tracking . 133
SECTION 14: SCREW TERMINALS . 134
14.1 General . 134
14.2 Terms and definitions . 134
14.3 General requirements and basic principles . 135
14.4 Mechanical tests . 137
SECTION 15: SCREWLESS TERMINALS AND ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS . 141
15.1 General . 141
15.2 Terms and definitions . 141
15.3 General requirements . 141
15.4 General instructions on tests . 143
15.5 Terminal and connections for internal wiring . 143
15.6 Terminals and connections for external wiring . 146
Annex A (normative) Test to establish whether a conductive part can cause an electric
shock . 173
Annex B (normative) Test lamps . 174
B.1 General . 174
B.2 Filament lamps within the scope of IEC 60432-1 and IEC 60432-2 . 174
B.3 Halogen lamps within the scope of IEC 60432-3 . 176
B.4 Tubular fluorescent and other discharge lamps . 176
B.5 LED modules within the scope of IEC 62031 . 176
Annex C (normative) Abnormal circuit conditions . 177
Annex D (normative) Thermal testing . 180
D.1 Draught-proof enclosure . 180
D.2 Mounting surface and test recess . 180
D.3 Alternative test procedure for adjustment of measured temperatures for
luminaire t rating(s) . 183
a
Annex E (normative) Determination of winding temperature rises by the increase-in-
resistance method . 185
Annex F (normative) Test for resistance to stress corrosion of copper and copper
alloys . 186
F.1 Test cabinet . 186
F.2 Test solution . 186
F.3 Test piece . 186
F.4 Test procedure . 186
Annex G (normative) Measurement of touch current and protective conductor current . 188
Annex H (xxx) (Void) . 192
Annex I (xxx) (Void) . 193
Annex J (informative) Explanation of IP numbers for degrees of protection . 194
Annex K (informative) Temperature measurement. 196
K.1 Temperature measurements of the luminaire . 196
K.2 Temperature measurement of the insulation parts of lampholders . 197

Annex L (informative) Guidelines for good practice in luminaire design . 199
L.1 General . 199
L.2 Plastics in luminaires . 199
L.3 Rust resistance . 200
L.4 Corrosion resistance . 200
L.5 Chemically corrosive atmospheres . 201
L.6 Reflector design . 201
L.7 Components in different kinds of luminaires . 202
L.8 Recommendations for electromagnetic ballast protection for end of life

phenomenon of HID lamps . 202
L.9 Resistance against the effects of vibration . 203
L.10 Flammability of components . 203
Annex M (normative) Determination of creepage distances and clearances . 204
Annex N (informative) Explanation of marking for luminaires that are not suitable for
mounting on normally flammable surfaces and covering with insulation materials . 205
N.0 General . 205
N.1 Protection against flame . 205
N.2 Protection against heat . 205
N.3 Thermal protectors . 206
N.4 Deletion of the F mark requirements . 207
Annex O (xxx) (Void) . 208
Annex P (normative) Absorption requirements for the protective shield to be fitted to
luminaires designed for metal halide lamps which emit a high level of UV radiation . 209
P.1 General . 209
P.2 Procedure A . 209
P.3 Procedure B . 210
Annex Q (informative) Conformity testing during manufacture . 211
Q.1 General . 211
Q.2 Testing . 211
Annex R (normative) Schedule of amended clauses and subclauses containing more
serious/critical requirements which call for products to be retested . 213
Annex S (normative) Requirements for the identification of a family or range of
luminaires for type testing . 214
S.1 General . 214
S.2 Range or family of luminaires . 214
Annex T (xxx) (Void) . 215
Annex U (informative) Additional requirements for luminaires where a higher degree of
availability (impulse withstand category III) may be requested . 216
U.1 General . 216
U.2 Requirements for impulse withstand category III . 216
Annex V (normative) Additional test requirements for terminal blocks with integrated
screwless protective earthing contact for direct connection to the luminaire housing or
to parts of the body . 218
V.1 Additional requirements to 7.2.1 . 218
V.2 Additional requirements to 7.2.3 . 218
Annex W (normative) Alternative thermal test for thermoplastic luminaires . 220
W.1 Thermal test in regard to fault conditions in lamp controlgear or electronic
devices without temperature sensing controls in thermoplastic luminaires for
fluorescent lamps ≤ 70 W . 220

– 6 – IEC 60598-1:2020 © IEC 2020
Annex X (normative) Requirements for insulation between active parts of circuits and
accessible conductive parts . 222
Annex Y (informative) Information regarding power sourcing equipment powering class

III luminaires via information technology communication cabling . 224
Y.0 General . 224
Y.1 Insulation of the mains supply . 224
Y.2 Electrical limits of a PSE . 224
Bibliography . 226

Figure 34 – Circuit for checking electrical contact between socket outlet and plug . 85
Figure 33 – Test to determine suitability of conductors having a reduced cross-
sectional area . 90
Figure 1 – Symbols . 149
Figure 2 – Terminal block arrangement for installation test for luminaires with
connecting leads (tails) . 152
Figure 3 – Void . 152
Figure 4 – Illustration of the requirements of 4.15 . 152
Figure 5 – Void . 152
Figure 6 – Apparatus for proving protection against dust. 153
Figure 7 – Apparatus for testing protection against rain and splashing . 154
Figure 8 – Nozzle for spray test . 155
Figure 9 – Relation between winding temperature and mounting surface temperature . 156
Figure 10 – Ball-pressure apparatus . 157
Figure 11 – Arrangement and dimensions of the electrodes for the tracking test . 157
Figure 12 – Pillar terminals . 158
Figure 13 – Screw terminals and stud terminals . 159
Figure 14 – Saddle terminals . 161
Figure 15 – Lug terminals . 162
Figure 16 – Mantle terminals . 163
Figure 17 – Construction of electrical connections . 164
Figure 18 – Examples of spring-type screwless terminals . 164
Figure 19 – Further examples of screwless terminals . 165
Figure 20 – Illustration of the terms "lopping-in" and "through wiring" . 166
Figure 21 – Apparatus for ball impact tests . 167
Figure 22 – Examples of self-tapping, thread-cutting and thread-forming screws (from

ISO 1891) . 167
Figure 23 – Void . 167
Figure 24 – Illustration of creepage and clearance measurements at a supply terminal . 168
Figure 25 – Void . 168
Figure 26 – Test circuit for safety during insertion . 168
Figure 27 – Ignition temperatures of wood as a function of time . 169
Figure 28 – Example of permitted degree of soldering . 170
Figure 29 – Test chain . 170
Figure 30 – Example of a thread forming screw used in a groove of a metallic material . 171
Figure 31 – Electro-mechanical contact system with plug/socket connection . 172

Figure 32 – Test circuit for luminaires incorporating fluorescent lamp ≤ 70 W . 172
Figure C.1 – Circuit for testing rectifying effect (some capacitive starterless ballasts
only) . 178
Figure C.2 – Circuit for testing rectifying effect (ballasts for single pin lamps) . 178
Figure C.3 – Circuit for testing rectifying effect of some high pressure sodium and

some metal halide lamps . 179
Figure D.1 – Example of test recess where a luminaire comprises separate parts, in
accordance with Clause D.2 a) . 181
Figure D.2 – Example of test recess where a luminaire comprises separate parts, in
accordance with Clause D.2 b) . 182
Figure D.3 – Correct test box size (insulating ceilings) for settable and adjustable

luminaires . 183
Figure G.1 – Test configuration: single-phase equipment on star TN or TT system . 190
Figure G.2 – Measuring network, touch current weighted for perception or reaction . 190
Figure G.3 – Measuring network, touch current weighted for let-go (for portable class I
luminaires) . 191
Figure G.4 – Measuring network, weighted for high frequency . 191
Figure K.1 – Placing of thermocouples on a typical lampholder . 198
Figure V.1 – Arrangement for voltage drop test . 219
Figure X.1 – Declaration of LV and U and the insulation barriers between the
supply out
light source and accessible parts . 222

Table 3.1 – Marking . 39
Table 3.2 – Identification of extra-low-voltage DC leads and terminations . 41
Table 4.6 – Overview of required Y capacitors . 55
Table 4.1 – Torque tests on screws . 58
Table 4.2 – Torque tests on cable glands . 60
Table 4.3 – Impact energy and spring compression . 61
Table 4.4 – Test on semi-luminaires . 65
Table 4.5 – Test on adjusting devices . 66
Table 5.1 – Supply cord . 80
Table 5.3 – Wiring dimension . 81
Table 5.2 – Tests for cord anchorage . 84
Table 9.1 – Solid-object-proof luminaire test . 101
Table 10.1 – Minimum insulation resistance . 106
Table 10.2 – Electric strength . 108
Table 10.3 – Limits of touch current or protective conductor current and electric burn . 110
Table 11.1.A – Minimum creepage distances for AC sinusoidal voltages up to 30 kHz
(to be used in conjunction with Annex M) . 113
Table 11.1.B – Minimum clearance for working voltages (to be used in conjunction with
Annex M) . 114
Table 11.2 – Minimum distances for ignition pulse voltages or equivalent peak voltage U 114
p
Table 12.1 – Maximum temperatures under the test conditions of 12.4.2, for principal
parts . 120
Table 12.2 – Maximum temperatures under the test conditions of 12.4.2, for common

materials used in luminaires. 122

– 8 – IEC 60598-1:2020 © IEC 2020
Table 12.3 – Maximum temperatures under the test conditions of 12.5.1 . 125
Table 12.4 – Maximum temperature of windings under abnormal operating conditions
and at 110 % of rated voltage for lamp controlgear . 126
Table 12.5 – Maximum temperature of windings under abnormal operating conditions
and at 110 % of rated voltage for lamp controlgear marked "D6" . 126
Table 12.6 – Temperature overshoot time limitation . 128
Table 14.1 – Nominal cross-sectional areas of conductors according to terminal sizes . 136
Table 14.2 – Nominal cross-sectional areas of conductors according to maximum
current . 136
Table 14.3 – Composition of conductors . 137
Table 14.4 – Torque to be applied to screws and nuts . 139
Table 14.5 – Pull to be applied to conductor . 140
Table 15.1 – Conductor rating . 146
Table 15.2 – Conductor pull force . 147
Table F.1 – pH value of the test solution . 186
Table G.1 – Position of switch e, n and p for the measurements of the different classes
of luminaires . 189
Table J.1 – Degrees of protection indicated by the first characteristic numeral . 194
Table J.2 – Degrees of protection indicated by the second characteristic numeral . 195
Table L.1 – Damaging influences . 199
Table M.1 – Determination of creepage distances and clearances (see Table 11.1) . 204
Table N.1 – Guidance on when to use the symbol and its explanation on the luminaire
or in the manufacturer’s instructions provided with the luminaire . 205
Table N.2 – Thermal protection operation . 207
Table Q.1 – Minimum values for electrical tests . 212
Table U.1 – Minimum clearance distances for AC sinusoidal working voltages impulse
withstand category III . 216
Table U.2 – Overview of required Y capacitors . 217
Table X.1 – Insulation requirements between active parts and accessible conductive
parts . 223
Table Y.1 – Limits for the electrical parameters of a PSE . 224
Table Y.2 – Electrical parameters for communication cable/connectors. 225

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LUMINAIRES –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60598-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 34D: Luminaires, of
IEC technical committee 34: Lamps and related equipment.
This ninth edition cancels and replaces the eighth edition published in 2014 and
Amendment 1:2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Revision of Clause 4.30, Fixing cover live parts of non-user replaceable light source;
b) Subclause 4.24.2, Blue Light Hazard: removal of Risk Group 0;
c) Subclause 5.2.16: additional requirements for AC mains appliance inlets related to
IEC 61984;
d) Addition of Subclause 3.3.25, UV protection of cable;
e) Addition of Clause 4.34, Inclusion of EMF safety requirements (IEC 62493);

– 10 – IEC 60598-1:2020 © IEC 2020
f) Revision of the requirements for functional earth and protective earth;
g) Addition of Clause 4.35, Protection against fast rotating parts;
h) Revision of Clause 3.2, Rated voltage marking;
i) Revision of Subclause 5.2.10, Cord anchorage;
j) Revision of Annex G for touch current and protective conductor current test set-up;
k) Addition of requirements for constant light output function and programmable current
output;
l) Revision of Subclause 8.2.3 c), touch voltage limits for interrupted DC voltage;
m) Introduction of PELV;
n) Introduction of Ethernet power supply connection for luminaires (PoE);
o) Section 9, Introduction of IPX9;
p) Addition of Subclause 3.3.26 for wall mounted luminaires;
q) Revision of Annex D introducing alternative thermal tests for luminaires with t marking
a
higher than 25°C;
r) Revision of Table 10.3 and Subclause 3.3.19 for protective conductor current limits;
s) Track-mounted luminaires: cross reference to Annex A of IEC 60570:2003/AMD2:2019;
t) Re
...

IEC 60598-1 ®
Edition 9.0 2020-08
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Luminaires –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé [e-mail]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional languages.
and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary

(IEV) online.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
details all new publications released. Available online and 67 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
once a month by email. French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or CISPR.

need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service

Centre: [e-mail].
IEC 60598-1 ®
Edition 9.0 2020-08
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Luminaires –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.140.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-8784-2

© IEC 2023
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
IEC 60598-1
Edition 9.0  2020-08
LUMINAIRES –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

INTERPRETATION SHEET 1
This interpretation sheet has been prepared by subcommittee 34D: Luminaires, of IEC
technical committee 34: Lighting.
The text of this interpretation sheet is based on the following documents:
DISH Report on voting
34D/1697/DISH 34D/1702/RVDISH
Full information on the voting for the approval of this interpretation sheet can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.

___________
Subclause 3.2.27
Annex R – Schedule of amended clauses and subclauses containing more
serious/critical requirements which call for products to be retested
The requirements of Subclause 3.2.27, and consequently the relevant requirements related to
Subclause 3.2.27 in Annex R, are to be considered applicable only to luminaires with built-in
or independent settable or programmable LED controlgear or incorporating a constant lighting
output function. The requirements are not applicable to luminaires with built-in or independent
controlgear having only a fixed output.

ICS 29.140.40
– 2 – IEC 60598-1:2020 RLV © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 9
SECTION 0: GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 12
0.1 Scope . 12
0.2 Normative references . 13
0.3 General requirements . 16
0.4 General test requirements and verification . 16
0.5 Components of luminaires . 18
0.6 List of parts of IEC 60598-2 . 18
0.7 Information for luminaire design in light sources standards . 19
SECTION 1: TERMS AND DEFINITIONS . 20
1.1 General . 20
1.2 Terms and definitions . 20
SECTION 2: CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINAIRES . 36
2.1 General . 36
2.2 Classification according to type of protection against electric shock . 36
2.3 Classification according to degree of protection against ingress of dust, solid
objects and moisture . 36
2.4 Classification according to material of supporting surface for which the
luminaire is designed . 36
2.5 Classification according to the circumstances of use . 37
SECTION 3: MARKING . 38
3.1 General . 38
3.2 Marking on luminaires . 38
3.3 Additional information . 44
3.4 Test of marking . 47
SECTION 4: CONSTRUCTION . 48
4.1 General . 48
4.2 Replaceable components . 48
4.3 Wireways . 48
4.4 Lampholders . 48
4.5 Starterholders . 50
4.6 Terminal blocks. 50
4.7 Terminals and supply connections . 51
4.8 Switches . 53
4.9 Insulating linings and sleeves . 53
4.10 Double and reinforced insulation . 54
4.11 Electrical connections and current-carrying parts . 55
4.12 Screws and connections (mechanical) and glands . 57
4.13 Mechanical strength . 60
4.14 Suspensions, fixings and means of adjustment . 64
4.15 Flammable materials . 67
4.16 Luminaires for mounting on normally flammable surfaces . 69
4.17 Drain holes . 70
4.18 Resistance to corrosion . 70
4.19 Ignitors . 71
4.20 Rough service luminaires – Vibration requirements . 71

4.21 Protective shield . 71
4.22 Attachments to lamps. 72
4.23 Semi-luminaires . 73
4.24 Photobiological hazards . 73
4.25 Mechanical hazard . 74
4.26 Short-circuit protection . 74
4.27 Terminal blocks with integrated screwless protective earthing contacts . 74
4.28 Fixing of thermal sensing controls . 74
4.29 Luminaire with non-replaceable light source . 75
4.30 Luminaires with non-user replaceable light sources . 75
4.31 Insulation between circuits . 75
4.32 Overvoltage protective devices . 78
4.33 Luminaire powered via information technology communication cabling . 78
4.34 Electromagnetic fields (EMF) . 78
4.35 Protection against moving fan blades . 79
4.36 Track-mounted luminaires . 79
SECTION 5: EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL WIRING . 80
5.1 General . 80
5.2 Supply connection and other external wiring . 80
5.3 Internal wiring . 89
5.4 Test to determine suitability of conductors having a reduced cross-sectional

area . 91
SECTION 6: Not used Void . 92
SECTION 7: PROVISION FOR EARTHING . 94
7.1 General . 94
7.2 Provision for earthing . 94
SECTION 8: PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK . 97
8.1 General . 97
8.2 Protection against electric shock . 97
SECTION 9: RESISTANCE TO DUST, SOLID OBJECTS AND MOISTURE . 101
9.1 General . 101
9.2 Tests for ingress of dust, solid objects and moisture . 101
9.3 Humidity test . 105
SECTION 10: INSULATION RESISTANCE AND ELECTRIC STRENGTH, TOUCH
CURRENT AND PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR CURRENT . 107
10.1 General . 107
10.2 Insulation resistance and electric strength . 107
10.3 Touch current, protective conductor current and electric burn . 111
SECTION 11: CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND CLEARANCES . 113
11.1 General . 113
11.2 Creepage distances and clearances . 113
SECTION 12: ENDURANCE TEST AND THERMAL TEST. 118
12.1 General . 118
12.2 Selection of lamps and ballasts . 118
12.3 Endurance test . 118
12.4 Thermal test (normal operation) . 120
12.5 Thermal test (abnormal operation) . 125
12.6 Thermal test (failed windings in lamp controlgear) . 130

– 4 – IEC 60598-1:2020 RLV © IEC 2020
12.7 Thermal test in regard to fault conditions in lamp controlgear or electronic
devices incorporated in thermoplastic luminaires . 132
SECTION 13: RESISTANCE TO HEAT, FIRE AND TRACKING . 135
13.1 General . 135
13.2 Resistance to heat . 135
13.3 Resistance to flame and ignition . 135
13.4 Resistance to tracking . 136
SECTION 14: SCREW TERMINALS . 137
14.1 General . 137
14.2 Terms and definitions . 137
14.3 General requirements and basic principles . 138
14.4 Mechanical tests . 140
SECTION 15: SCREWLESS TERMINALS AND ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS . 144
15.1 General . 144
15.2 Terms and definitions . 144
15.3 General requirements . 144
15.4 General instructions on tests . 146
15.5 Terminal and connections for internal wiring . 146
15.6 Terminals and connections for external wiring . 149
Annex A (normative) Test to establish whether a conductive part may can cause an
electric shock . 177
Annex B (normative) Test lamps . 178
B.1 General . 178
B.2 Filament lamps within the scope of IEC 60432-1 and IEC 60432-2 . 178
B.3 Halogen lamps within the scope of IEC 60432-3 . 180
B.4 Tubular fluorescent and other discharge lamps . 180
B.5 LED modules within the scope of IEC 62031 . 180
Annex C (normative) Abnormal circuit conditions . 181
Annex D (normative) Thermal testing . 184
D.1 Draught-proof enclosure . 184
D.2 Mounting surface and test recess . 184
D.3 Alternative test procedure for adjustment of measured temperatures for
luminaire t rating(s) . 187
a
Annex E (normative) Determination of winding temperature rises by the increase-in-
resistance method . 189
Annex F (normative) Test for resistance to stress corrosion of copper and copper
alloys . 190
F.1 Test cabinet . 190
F.2 Test solution . 190
F.3 Test piece . 190
F.4 Test procedure . 190
Annex G (normative) Measurement of touch current and protective conductor current . 192
Annex H (xxx) (Void) . 196
Annex I (xxx) (Void) . 197
Annex J (informative) Explanation of IP numbers for degrees of protection . 198
Annex K (informative) Temperature measurement. 200
K.1 Temperature measurements of the luminaire . 200
K.2 Temperature measurement of the insulation parts of lampholders . 201

Annex L (informative) Guide to Guidelines for good good practice in luminaire design . 203
L.1 General . 203
L.2 Plastics in luminaires . 203
L.3 Rust resistance . 204
L.4 Corrosion resistance . 204
L.5 Chemically corrosive atmospheres . 205
L.6 Reflector design . 205
L.7 Components in different kinds of luminaires . 206
L.8 Recommendations for electromagnetic ballast protection for end of life

phenomenon of HID lamps . 206
L.9 Resistance against the effects of vibration . 207
L.10 Flammability of components . 207
Annex M (normative) Determination of creepage distances and clearances . 208
Annex N (informative) Explanation of marking for luminaires that are not suitable for
mounting on normally flammable surfaces and covering with insulation materials . 209
N.0 General . 209
N.1 Protection against flame . 209
N.2 Protection against heat . 209
N.3 Thermal protectors . 210
N.4 Deletion of the F mark requirements . 211
Annex O (xxx) (Void) . 212
Annex P (normative) Absorption requirements for the protective shield to be fitted to
luminaires designed for metal halide lamps which emit a high level of UV radiation . 213
P.1 General . 213
P.2 Procedure A . 213
P.3 Procedure B . 214
Annex Q (informative) Conformity testing during manufacture . 215
Q.1 General . 215
Q.2 Testing . 215
Annex R (normative) Schedule of amended clauses and subclauses containing more
serious/critical requirements which require call for products to be retested . 217
Annex S (normative) Requirements for the identification of a family or range of
luminaires for type testing . 219
S.1 General . 219
S.2 Range or family of luminaires . 219
Annex T (xxx) (informative) Reference to Class 0 (Void) . 220
Annex U (informative) Creepage and clearances distances Additional requirements for
luminaires where a higher degree of availability (impulse withstand category III) may
be requested . 222
U.1 General . 222
U.2 Requirements for impulse withstand category III . 222
Annex V (normative) Additional test requirements for terminal blocks with integrated
screwless protective earthing contact for direct connection to the luminaire housing or
to parts of the body . 225
V.1 Additional requirements to 7.2.1 . 225
V.2 Additional requirements to 7.2.3 . 225
Annex W (normative) Alternative thermal test for thermoplastic luminaires . 227
W.1 Thermal test in regard to fault conditions in lamp controlgear or electronic
devices without temperature sensing controls in thermoplastic luminaires for
fluorescent lamps ≤ 70 W . 227

– 6 – IEC 60598-1:2020 RLV © IEC 2020
Annex X (normative) Requirements for insulation between active parts of circuits and
accessible conductive parts . 229
Annex Y (informative) Information regarding power sourcing equipment powering class

III luminaires via information technology communication cabling . 231
Y.0 General . 231
Y.1 Insulation of the mains supply . 231
Y.2 Electrical limits of a PSE . 231
Bibliography . 233

Figure 34 – Circuit for checking electrical contact between socket outlet and plug . 87
Figure 33 – Test to determine suitability of conductors having a reduced cross-
sectional area . 92
Figure 1 – Symbols . 152
Figure 2 – Terminal block arrangement for installation test for luminaires with
connecting leads (tails) . 155
Figure 3 – Void . 155
Figure 4 – Illustration of the requirements of 4.15 . 156
Figure 5 – Void . 156
Figure 6 – Apparatus for proving protection against dust. 157
Figure 7 – Apparatus for testing protection against rain and splashing . 158
Figure 8 – Nozzle for spray test . 159
Figure 9 – Relation between winding temperature and mounting surface temperature . 160
Figure 10 – Ball-pressure apparatus . 161
Figure 11 – Arrangement and dimensions of the electrodes for the tracking test . 161
Figure 12 – Pillar terminals . 162
Figure 13 – Screw terminals and stud terminals . 163
Figure 14 – Saddle terminals . 165
Figure 15 – Lug terminals . 166
Figure 16 – Mantle terminals . 167
Figure 17 – Construction of electrical connections . 168
Figure 18 – Examples of spring-type screwless terminals . 168
Figure 19 – Further examples of screwless terminals . 169
Figure 20 – Illustration of the terms "lopping-in" and "through wiring" . 170
Figure 21 – Apparatus for ball impact tests . 171
Figure 22 – Examples of self-tapping, thread-cutting and thread-forming screws (from

ISO 1891) . 171
Figure 23 – Void . 171
Figure 24 – Illustration of creepage and clearance measurements at a supply terminal . 172
Figure 25 – Tumbling barrel Void . 172
Figure 26 – Test circuit for safety during insertion . 173
Figure 27 – Ignition temperatures of wood as a function of time . 173
Figure 28 – Example of permitted degree of soldering . 174
Figure 29 – Test chain . 174
Figure 30 – Example of a thread forming screw used in a groove of a metallic material . 175
Figure 31 – Electro-mechanical contact system with plug/socket connection . 176

Figure 32 – Test circuit for luminaires incorporating fluorescent lamp ≤ 70 W . 176
Figure C.1 – Circuit for testing rectifying effect (some capacitive starterless ballasts
only) . 182
Figure C.2 – Circuit for testing rectifying effect (ballasts for single pin lamps) . 182
Figure C.3 – Circuit for testing rectifying effect of some high pressure sodium and

some metal halide lamps . 183
Figure D.1 – Example of test recess where a luminaire comprises separate parts, in
accordance with Clause D.2 a) . 185
Figure D.2 – Example of test recess where a luminaire comprises separate parts, in
accordance with Clause D.2 b) . 186
Figure D.3 – Correct test box size (insulating ceilings) for settable and adjustable

luminaires . 187
Figure G.1 – Test configuration: single-phase equipment on star TN or TT system . 194
Figure G.2 – Measuring network, touch current weighted for perception or reaction . 194
Figure G.3 – Measuring network, touch current weighted for let-go (for portable class I
luminaires) . 195
Figure G.4 – Measuring network, weighted for high frequency protective conductor
currents . 195
Figure K.1 – Placing of thermocouples on a typical lampholder . 202
Figure V.1 – Arrangement for voltage drop test . 226
Figure X.1 – Declaration of LV and U and the insulation barriers between the
supply out
light source and accessible parts . 229

Table 3.1 – Marking . 39
Table 3.2 – Identification of extra-low-voltage DC leads and terminations . 42
Table 4.6 – Overview of required Y capacitors . 55
Table 4.1 – Torque tests on screws . 58
Table 4.2 – Torque tests on cable glands . 60
Table 4.3 – Impact energy and spring compression . 61
Table 4.4 – Test on semi-luminaires . 66
Table 4.5 – Test on adjusting devices . 67
Table 5.1 – Supply cord . 81
Table 5.3 – Wiring dimension . 83
Table 5.2 – Tests for cord anchorage . 86
Table 9.1 – Solid-object-proof luminaire test . 103
Table 10.1 – Minimum insulation resistance . 108
Table 10.2 – Electric strength . 110
Table 10.3 – Limits of touch current or protective conductor current and electric burn . 112
Table 11.2 – Minimum distances for sinusoidal or non-sinusoidal pulse voltages .
Table 11.1.A – Minimum creepage distances for AC (50/60 Hz) sinusoidal voltages up
to 30 kHz (to be used in conjunction with Annex M) . 115
Table 11.1.B – Minimum clearance for working voltages (to be used in conjunction with
Annex M) . 117
Table 11.2 – Minimum distances for ignition pulse voltages or equivalent peak voltage U 117
p
Table 12.1 – Maximum temperatures under the test conditions of 12.4.2, for principal

parts . 123

– 8 – IEC 60598-1:2020 RLV © IEC 2020
Table 12.2 – Maximum temperatures under the test conditions of 12.4.2, for common
materials used in luminaires. 125
Table 12.3 – Maximum temperatures under the test conditions of 12.5.1 . 128
Table 12.4 – Maximum temperature of windings under abnormal operating conditions
and at 110 % of rated voltage for lamp controlgear . 129
Table 12.5 – Maximum temperature of windings under abnormal operating conditions
and at 110 % of rated voltage for lamp controlgear marked "D6" . 129
Table 12.6 – Temperature overshoot time limitation . 131
Table 14.1 – Nominal cross-sectional areas of conductors according to terminal sizes . 139
Table 14.2 – Nominal cross-sectional areas of conductors according to maximum
current . 139
Table 14.3 – Composition of conductors . 140
Table 14.4 – Torque to be applied to screws and nuts . 142
Table 14.5 – Pull to be applied to conductor . 143
Table 15.1 – Conductor rating . 149
Table 15.2 – Conductor pull force . 150
Table F.1 – pH value of the test solution . 190
Table G.1 – Position of switch e, n and p for the measurements of the different classes
of luminaires . 193
Table J.1 – Degrees of protection indicated by the first characteristic numeral . 198
Table J.2 – Degrees of protection indicated by the second characteristic numeral . 199
Table L.1 – Damaging influences . 203
Table M.1 – Determination of creepage distances and clearances (see Table 11.1) . 208
Table N.1 – Guidance on when to use the symbol and its explanation on the luminaire
or in the manufacturer’s instructions provided with the luminaire . 209
Table N.2 – Thermal protection operation . 211
Table Q.1 – Minimum values for electrical tests . 216
Table U.1 – Minimum clearance distances for AC (50/60 Hz) sinusoidal
working voltages impulse withstand category III . 223
Table U.2 – Overview of required Y capacitors . 224
Table X.1 – Insulation requirements between active parts and accessible conductive

parts . 230
Table Y.1 – Limits for the electrical parameters of a PSE . 231
Table Y.2 – Electrical parameters for communication cable/connectors. 232

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LUMINAIRES –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This redline version of the official IEC Standard allows the user to identify the changes
made to the previous edition. A vertical bar appears in the margin wherever a change
has been made. Additions are in green tex
...

IEC 60598-1 ®
Edition 9.0 2020-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Luminaires –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

Luminaires –
Partie 1: Exigences générales et essais

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des
questions sur le copyright de l'IEC ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette publication, utilisez
les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de l'IEC de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Central Office Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé [e-mail]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC online collection - oc.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews. With a subscription you will always
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced have access to up to date content tailored to your needs.
and withdrawn publications.
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and
and French, with equivalent terms in 18 additional languages.
once a month by email.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary

(IEV) online.
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: [e-mail].
A propos de l'IEC
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.

A propos des publications IEC
Le contenu technique des publications IEC est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez l’édition la
plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.

Recherche de publications IEC - IEC online collection - oc.iec.ch
webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Découvrez notre puissant moteur de recherche et consultez
La recherche avancée permet de trouver des publications IEC gratuitement tous les aperçus des publications. Avec un
en utilisant différents critères (numéro de référence, texte, abonnement, vous aurez toujours accès à un contenu à jour
comité d’études, …). Elle donne aussi des informations sur adapté à vos besoins.
les projets et les publications remplacées ou retirées.

Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Le premier dictionnaire d'électrotechnologie en ligne au
Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications IEC. Just
monde, avec plus de 22 000 articles terminologiques en
Published détaille les nouvelles publications parues.
anglais et en français, ainsi que les termes équivalents dans
Disponible en ligne et une fois par mois par email.
16 langues additionnelles. Egalement appelé Vocabulaire

Electrotechnique International (IEV) en ligne.
Service Clients - webstore.iec.ch/csc

Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette
publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous:
[e-mail].
IEC 60598-1 ®
Edition 9.0 2020-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Luminaires –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

Luminaires –
Partie 1: Exigences générales et essais

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.140.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-9963-0

– 2 – IEC 60598-1:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 9
SECTION 0: GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 12
0.1 Scope . 12
0.2 Normative references . 13
0.3 General requirements . 16
0.4 General test requirements and verification . 16
0.5 Components of luminaires . 17
0.6 List of parts of IEC 60598-2 . 18
0.7 Information for luminaire design in light sources standards . 19
SECTION 1: TERMS AND DEFINITIONS . 20
1.1 General . 20
1.2 Terms and definitions . 20
SECTION 2: CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINAIRES . 36
2.1 General . 36
2.2 Classification according to type of protection against electric shock . 36
2.3 Classification according to degree of protection against ingress of dust, solid
objects and moisture . 36
2.4 Classification according to material of supporting surface for which the
luminaire is designed . 36
2.5 Classification according to the circumstances of use . 37
SECTION 3: MARKING . 38
3.1 General . 38
3.2 Marking on luminaires . 38
3.3 Additional information . 44
3.4 Test of marking . 47
SECTION 4: CONSTRUCTION . 48
4.1 General . 48
4.2 Replaceable components . 48
4.3 Wireways . 48
4.4 Lampholders . 48
4.5 Starterholders . 50
4.6 Terminal blocks. 50
4.7 Terminals and supply connections . 51
4.8 Switches . 53
4.9 Insulating linings and sleeves . 53
4.10 Double and reinforced insulation . 54
4.11 Electrical connections and current-carrying parts . 56
4.12 Screws and connections (mechanical) and glands . 57
4.13 Mechanical strength . 60
4.14 Suspensions, fixings and means of adjustment . 63
4.15 Flammable materials . 67
4.16 Luminaires for mounting on normally flammable surfaces . 68
4.17 Drain holes . 70
4.18 Resistance to corrosion . 70
4.19 Ignitors . 70
4.20 Rough service luminaires – Vibration requirements . 71

4.21 Protective shield . 71
4.22 Attachments to lamps. 72
4.23 Semi-luminaires . 72
4.24 Photobiological hazards . 72
4.25 Mechanical hazard . 73
4.26 Short-circuit protection . 73
4.27 Terminal blocks with integrated screwless protective earthing contacts . 74
4.28 Fixing of thermal sensing controls . 74
4.29 Luminaire with non-replaceable light source . 75
4.30 Luminaires with non-user replaceable light sources . 75
4.31 Insulation between circuits . 75
4.32 Overvoltage protective devices . 77
4.33 Luminaire powered via information technology communication cabling . 78
4.34 Electromagnetic fields (EMF) . 78
4.35 Protection against moving fan blades . 78
4.36 Track-mounted luminaires . 78
SECTION 5: EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL WIRING . 79
5.1 General . 79
5.2 Supply connection and other external wiring . 79
5.3 Internal wiring . 87
5.4 Test to determine suitability of conductors having a reduced cross-sectional

area . 89
SECTION 6: Void . 91
SECTION 7: PROVISION FOR EARTHING . 92
7.1 General . 92
7.2 Provision for earthing . 92
SECTION 8: PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK . 95
8.1 General . 95
8.2 Protection against electric shock . 95
SECTION 9: RESISTANCE TO DUST, SOLID OBJECTS AND MOISTURE . 99
9.1 General . 99
9.2 Tests for ingress of dust, solid objects and moisture . 99
9.3 Humidity test . 103
SECTION 10: INSULATION RESISTANCE AND ELECTRIC STRENGTH, TOUCH
CURRENT AND PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR CURRENT . 105
10.1 General . 105
10.2 Insulation resistance and electric strength . 105
10.3 Touch current, protective conductor current and electric burn . 109
SECTION 11: CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND CLEARANCES . 111
11.1 General . 111
11.2 Creepage distances and clearances . 111
SECTION 12: ENDURANCE TEST AND THERMAL TEST. 115
12.1 General . 115
12.2 Selection of lamps and ballasts . 115
12.3 Endurance test . 115
12.4 Thermal test (normal operation) . 117
12.5 Thermal test (abnormal operation) . 122
12.6 Thermal test (failed windings in lamp controlgear) . 127

– 4 – IEC 60598-1:2020 © IEC 2020
12.7 Thermal test in regard to fault conditions in lamp controlgear or electronic
devices incorporated in thermoplastic luminaires . 129
SECTION 13: RESISTANCE TO HEAT, FIRE AND TRACKING . 132
13.1 General . 132
13.2 Resistance to heat . 132
13.3 Resistance to flame and ignition . 132
13.4 Resistance to tracking . 133
SECTION 14: SCREW TERMINALS . 134
14.1 General . 134
14.2 Terms and definitions . 134
14.3 General requirements and basic principles . 135
14.4 Mechanical tests . 137
SECTION 15: SCREWLESS TERMINALS AND ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS . 141
15.1 General . 141
15.2 Terms and definitions . 141
15.3 General requirements . 141
15.4 General instructions on tests . 143
15.5 Terminal and connections for internal wiring . 143
15.6 Terminals and connections for external wiring . 146
Annex A (normative) Test to establish whether a conductive part can cause an electric
shock . 173
Annex B (normative) Test lamps . 174
B.1 General . 174
B.2 Filament lamps within the scope of IEC 60432-1 and IEC 60432-2 . 174
B.3 Halogen lamps within the scope of IEC 60432-3 . 176
B.4 Tubular fluorescent and other discharge lamps . 176
B.5 LED modules within the scope of IEC 62031 . 176
Annex C (normative) Abnormal circuit conditions . 177
Annex D (normative) Thermal testing . 180
D.1 Draught-proof enclosure . 180
D.2 Mounting surface and test recess . 180
D.3 Alternative test procedure for adjustment of measured temperatures for
luminaire t rating(s) . 183
a
Annex E (normative) Determination of winding temperature rises by the increase-in-
resistance method . 185
Annex F (normative) Test for resistance to stress corrosion of copper and copper
alloys . 186
F.1 Test cabinet . 186
F.2 Test solution . 186
F.3 Test piece . 186
F.4 Test procedure . 186
Annex G (normative) Measurement of touch current and protective conductor current . 188
Annex H (xxx) (Void) . 192
Annex I (xxx) (Void) . 193
Annex J (informative) Explanation of IP numbers for degrees of protection . 194
Annex K (informative) Temperature measurement. 196
K.1 Temperature measurements of the luminaire . 196
K.2 Temperature measurement of the insulation parts of lampholders . 197

Annex L (informative) Guidelines for good practice in luminaire design . 199
L.1 General . 199
L.2 Plastics in luminaires . 199
L.3 Rust resistance . 200
L.4 Corrosion resistance . 200
L.5 Chemically corrosive atmospheres . 201
L.6 Reflector design . 201
L.7 Components in different kinds of luminaires . 202
L.8 Recommendations for electromagnetic ballast protection for end of life

phenomenon of HID lamps . 202
L.9 Resistance against the effects of vibration . 203
L.10 Flammability of components . 203
Annex M (normative) Determination of creepage distances and clearances . 204
Annex N (informative) Explanation of marking for luminaires that are not suitable for
mounting on normally flammable surfaces and covering with insulation materials . 205
N.0 General . 205
N.1 Protection against flame . 205
N.2 Protection against heat . 205
N.3 Thermal protectors . 206
N.4 Deletion of the F mark requirements . 207
Annex O (xxx) (Void) . 208
Annex P (normative) Absorption requirements for the protective shield to be fitted to
luminaires designed for metal halide lamps which emit a high level of UV radiation . 209
P.1 General . 209
P.2 Procedure A . 209
P.3 Procedure B . 210
Annex Q (informative) Conformity testing during manufacture . 211
Q.1 General . 211
Q.2 Testing . 211
Annex R (normative) Schedule of amended clauses and subclauses containing more
serious/critical requirements which call for products to be retested . 213
Annex S (normative) Requirements for the identification of a family or range of
luminaires for type testing . 214
S.1 General . 214
S.2 Range or family of luminaires . 214
Annex T (xxx) (Void) . 215
Annex U (informative) Additional requirements for luminaires where a higher degree of
availability (impulse withstand category III) may be requested . 216
U.1 General . 216
U.2 Requirements for impulse withstand category III . 216
Annex V (normative) Additional test requirements for terminal blocks with integrated
screwless protective earthing contact for direct connection to the luminaire housing or
to parts of the body . 218
V.1 Additional requirements to 7.2.1 . 218
V.2 Additional requirements to 7.2.3 . 218
Annex W (normative) Alternative thermal test for thermoplastic luminaires . 220
W.1 Thermal test in regard to fault conditions in lamp controlgear or electronic
devices without temperature sensing controls in thermoplastic luminaires for
fluorescent lamps ≤ 70 W . 220

– 6 – IEC 60598-1:2020 © IEC 2020
Annex X (normative) Requirements for insulation between active parts of circuits and
accessible conductive parts . 222
Annex Y (informative) Information regarding power sourcing equipment powering class

III luminaires via information technology communication cabling . 224
Y.0 General . 224
Y.1 Insulation of the mains supply . 224
Y.2 Electrical limits of a PSE . 224
Bibliography . 226

Figure 34 – Circuit for checking electrical contact between socket outlet and plug . 85
Figure 33 – Test to determine suitability of conductors having a reduced cross-
sectional area . 90
Figure 1 – Symbols . 149
Figure 2 – Terminal block arrangement for installation test for luminaires with
connecting leads (tails) . 152
Figure 3 – Void . 152
Figure 4 – Illustration of the requirements of 4.15 . 152
Figure 5 – Void . 152
Figure 6 – Apparatus for proving protection against dust. 153
Figure 7 – Apparatus for testing protection against rain and splashing . 154
Figure 8 – Nozzle for spray test . 155
Figure 9 – Relation between winding temperature and mounting surface temperature . 156
Figure 10 – Ball-pressure apparatus . 157
Figure 11 – Arrangement and dimensions of the electrodes for the tracking test . 157
Figure 12 – Pillar terminals . 158
Figure 13 – Screw terminals and stud terminals . 159
Figure 14 – Saddle terminals . 161
Figure 15 – Lug terminals . 162
Figure 16 – Mantle terminals . 163
Figure 17 – Construction of electrical connections . 164
Figure 18 – Examples of spring-type screwless terminals . 164
Figure 19 – Further examples of screwless terminals . 165
Figure 20 – Illustration of the terms "lopping-in" and "through wiring" . 166
Figure 21 – Apparatus for ball impact tests . 167
Figure 22 – Examples of self-tapping, thread-cutting and thread-forming screws (from

ISO 1891) . 167
Figure 23 – Void . 167
Figure 24 – Illustration of creepage and clearance measurements at a supply terminal . 168
Figure 25 – Void . 168
Figure 26 – Test circuit for safety during insertion . 168
Figure 27 – Ignition temperatures of wood as a function of time . 169
Figure 28 – Example of permitted degree of soldering . 170
Figure 29 – Test chain . 170
Figure 30 – Example of a thread forming screw used in a groove of a metallic material . 171
Figure 31 – Electro-mechanical contact system with plug/socket connection . 172

Figure 32 – Test circuit for luminaires incorporating fluorescent lamp ≤ 70 W . 172
Figure C.1 – Circuit for testing rectifying effect (some capacitive starterless ballasts
only) . 178
Figure C.2 – Circuit for testing rectifying effect (ballasts for single pin lamps) . 178
Figure C.3 – Circuit for testing rectifying effect of some high pressure sodium and

some metal halide lamps . 179
Figure D.1 – Example of test recess where a luminaire comprises separate parts, in
accordance with Clause D.2 a) . 181
Figure D.2 – Example of test recess where a luminaire comprises separate parts, in
accordance with Clause D.2 b) . 182
Figure D.3 – Correct test box size (insulating ceilings) for settable and adjustable

luminaires . 183
Figure G.1 – Test configuration: single-phase equipment on star TN or TT system . 190
Figure G.2 – Measuring network, touch current weighted for perception or reaction . 190
Figure G.3 – Measuring network, touch current weighted for let-go (for portable class I
luminaires) . 191
Figure G.4 – Measuring network, weighted for high frequency . 191
Figure K.1 – Placing of thermocouples on a typical lampholder . 198
Figure V.1 – Arrangement for voltage drop test . 219
Figure X.1 – Declaration of LV and U and the insulation barriers between the
supply out
light source and accessible parts . 222

Table 3.1 – Marking . 39
Table 3.2 – Identification of extra-low-voltage DC leads and terminations . 41
Table 4.6 – Overview of required Y capacitors . 55
Table 4.1 – Torque tests on screws . 58
Table 4.2 – Torque tests on cable glands . 60
Table 4.3 – Impact energy and spring compression . 61
Table 4.4 – Test on semi-luminaires . 65
Table 4.5 – Test on adjusting devices . 66
Table 5.1 – Supply cord . 80
Table 5.3 – Wiring dimension . 81
Table 5.2 – Tests for cord anchorage . 84
Table 9.1 – Solid-object-proof luminaire test . 101
Table 10.1 – Minimum insulation resistance . 106
Table 10.2 – Electric strength . 108
Table 10.3 – Limits of touch current or protective conductor current and electric burn . 110
Table 11.1.A – Minimum creepage distances for AC sinusoidal voltages up to 30 kHz
(to be used in conjunction with Annex M) . 113
Table 11.1.B – Minimum clearance for working voltages (to be used in conjunction with
Annex M) . 114
Table 11.2 – Minimum distances for ignition pulse voltages or equivalent peak voltage U 114
p
Table 12.1 – Maximum temperatures under the test conditions of 12.4.2, for principal
parts . 120
Table 12.2 – Maximum temperatures under the test conditions of 12.4.2, for common

materials used in luminaires. 122

– 8 – IEC 60598-1:2020 © IEC 2020
Table 12.3 – Maximum temperatures under the test conditions of 12.5.1 . 125
Table 12.4 – Maximum temperature of windings under abnormal operating conditions
and at 110 % of rated voltage for lamp controlgear . 126
Table 12.5 – Maximum temperature of windings under abnormal operating conditions
and at 110 % of rated voltage for lamp controlgear marked "D6" . 126
Table 12.6 – Temperature overshoot time limitation . 128
Table 14.1 – Nominal cross-sectional areas of conductors according to terminal sizes . 136
Table 14.2 – Nominal cross-sectional areas of conductors according to maximum
current . 136
Table 14.3 – Composition of conductors . 137
Table 14.4 – Torque to be applied to screws and nuts . 139
Table 14.5 – Pull to be applied to conductor . 140
Table 15.1 – Conductor rating . 146
Table 15.2 – Conductor pull force . 147
Table F.1 – pH value of the test solution . 186
Table G.1 – Position of switch e, n and p for the measurements of the different classes
of luminaires . 189
Table J.1 – Degrees of protection indicated by the first characteristic numeral . 194
Table J.2 – Degrees of protection indicated by the second characteristic numeral . 195
Table L.1 – Damaging influences . 199
Table M.1 – Determination of creepage distances and clearances (see Table 11.1) . 204
Table N.1 – Guidance on when to use the symbol and its explanation on the luminaire
or in the manufacturer’s instructions provided with the luminaire . 205
Table N.2 – Thermal protection operation . 207
Table Q.1 – Minimum values for electrical tests . 212
Table U.1 – Minimum clearance distances for AC sinusoidal working voltages impulse
withstand category III . 216
Table U.2 – Overview of required Y capacitors . 217
Table X.1 – Insulation requirements between active parts and accessible conductive
parts . 223
Table Y.1 – Limits for the electrical parameters of a PSE . 224
Table Y.2 – Electrical parameters for communication cable/connectors. 225

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LUMINAIRES –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members
...