IEC TR 60919-1:2010

Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-commutated converters - Part 1: Steady-state conditions

IEC/TR 60919-1:2010(E) provides general guidance on the steady-state performance requirements of HVDC systems. It concerns the steady-state performance of two-terminal HVDC systems utilizing 12-pulse converter units comprised of three-phase bridge (double- way) connections, but it does not cover multi-terminal HVDC transmission systems. Both terminals are assumed to use thyristor valves as the main semiconductor valves and to have power flow capability in both directions. Diode valves are not considered in this report. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the changes have been made to the description of multi 12-pulse groups per pole, especially for a large scale ultra high-voltage direct current (UHVDC) converter arrangement;
b) the different arrangements of d.c. smoothing reactors have been included;
c) the figures depicting two 12-pulse groups per pole arrangement have been added.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-May-2017
• ICS: 29.200 - Rectifiers. Convertors. Stabilized power supply
• ICS: 29.240.99 - Other equipment related to power transmission and distribution networks
• Technical Committee: SC 22F - Power electronics for electrical transmission and distribution systems
• Drafting Committee: JMT 5 - TC 22/SC 22F/JMT 5
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Start Date: 30-Nov-2018
• Completion Date: 16-Apr-2020

Relations

• Amended By: IEC TR 60919-1:2010/AMD1:2013 - Amendment 1 - Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-commutated converters - Part 1: Steady-state conditions
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Amended By: IEC TR 60919-1:2010/AMD2:2017 - Amendment 2 - Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-commutated converters - Part 1: Steady-state conditions
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revised: IEC TR 60919-1:2020 - Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-commutated converters - Part 1: Steady-state conditions
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC TR 60919-1:2005 - Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-commutated converters - Part 1: Steady-state conditions
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC/TR 60919-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2010-05
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-commutated
converters –
Part 1: Steady-state conditions

IEC/TR 60919-1:2010(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by

any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or

IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur.

Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette

publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Central Office
3, rue de Varembé
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Email: [e-mail]
Web: www.iec.ch
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
ƒ Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub
The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…).
It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications.
ƒ IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications released. Available
on-line and also by email.
ƒ Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions
in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
ƒ Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service
Centre FAQ or contact us:
Email: [e-mail]
Tel.: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
IEC/TR 60919-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2010-05
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-commutated
converters –
Part 1: Steady-state conditions

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XC
ICS 29.200; 29.240.99 ISBN 978-2-88910-968-5
– 2 – TR 60919-1 © IEC:2010(E)

CONTENTS
FOREWORD.7

1 Scope.9

2 Normative references .10

3 Types of HVDC systems.11

3.1 General .11

3.2 HVDC back-to-back system .11

3.3 Monopolar earth return HVDC system .13

3.4 Monopolar metallic return HVDC system .15
3.5 Bipolar earth return HVDC system.16
3.6 Bipolar metallic return HVDC system.19
3.7 Two 12-pulse groups per pole .20
3.8 Converter transformer arrangements .20
3.9 DC switching considerations.22
3.10 Series capacitor compensated HVDC systems .25
4 Environment information.29
5 Rated power, current and voltage .31
5.1 Rated power.31
5.1.1 General .31
5.1.2 Rated power of an HVDC system with transmission line .32
5.1.3 Rated power of an HVDC back-to-back system.32
5.1.4 Direction of power flow .32
5.2 Rated current .32
5.3 Rated voltage.32
6 Overload and equipment capability.33
6.1 Overload .33
6.2 Equipment capability .33
6.2.1 General .33
6.2.2 Converter valve capability .34
6.2.3 Capability of oil-cooled transformers and reactors .34
6.2.4 AC harmonic filter and reactive power compensation equipment
capability.
6.2.5 Switchgear and buswork capability .35
7 Minimum power transfer and no-load stand-by state .35

7.1 General .35
7.2 Minimum current.35
7.3 Reduced direct voltage operation .35
7.4 No-load stand-by state .36
7.4.1 General .36
7.4.2 Converter transformers – No-load stand-by .36
7.4.3 Converter valves – No-load stand-by .36
7.4.4 AC filters and reactive compensation – No-load stand-by .36
7.4.5 DC reactors and d.c. filters – No-load stand-by.36
7.4.6 Auxiliary power system – No-load stand-by.36
7.4.7 Control and protection – No-load stand-by.36
8 AC system.36
8.1 General .36

TR 60919-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 3 –

8.2 AC voltage .37

8.2.1 Rated a.c. voltage .37

8.2.2 Steady-state voltage range .37

8.2.3 Negative sequence voltage.38

8.3 Frequency .38

8.3.1 Rated frequency .38

8.3.2 Steady-state frequency range.38

8.3.3 Short-term frequency variation.38

8.3.4 Frequency variation during emergency .38

8.4 System impedance at fundamental frequency.38

8.5 System impedance at harmonic frequencies.38
8.6 Positive and zero-sequence surge impedance .39
8.7 Other sources of harmonics.39
8.8 Subsynchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) .39
9 Reactive power.39
9.1 General .39
9.2 Conventional HVDC systems.39
9.3 Series capacitor compensated HVDC schemes .41
9.4 Converter reactive power consumption.41
9.5 Reactive power balance with the a.c. system.41
9.6 Reactive power supply .42
9.7 Maximum size of switchable VAR banks.42
10 HVDC transmission line, earth electrode line and earth electrode.42
10.1 General .42
10.2 Overhead line(s).42
10.2.1 General .42
10.2.2 Electrical parameters.43
10.3 Cable line(s).43
10.3.1 General .43
10.3.2 Electrical parameters.43
10.4 Earth electrode line .44
10.5 Earth electrode.44
11 Reliability .44
11.1 General .44
11.2 Outage .44

11.2.1 General .44
11.2.2 Scheduled outage.44
11.2.3 Forced outage .44
11.3 Capacity.45
11.3.1 General .45
11.3.2 Maximum continuous capacity P .45
m
11.3.3 Outage capacity P .45
o
11.3.4 Outage derating factor (ODF) .45
11.4 Outage duration terms.45
11.4.1 Actual outage duration (AOD).45
11.4.2 Equivalent outage duration (EOD) .45
11.4.3 Period hours (PH).46
11.4.4 Actual outage hours (AOH).46
11.4.5 Equivalent outage hours (EOH) .46

– 4 – TR 60919-1 © IEC:2010(E)

11.5 Energy unavailability (EU) .46

11.5.1 General .46

11.5.2 Forced energy unavailability (FEU).47

11.5.3 Sched
...

IEC/TR 60919-1 ®
Edition 3.1 2013-04
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-
commutated converters–
Part 1: Steady-state conditions

IEC/TR 60919-1:2010+A1:2013(E)

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,

please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé Fax: [phone]

CH-1211 Geneva 20 [e-mail]
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

Useful links:
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and
committee,…). definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in
It also gives information on projects, replaced and additional languages. Also known as the International
withdrawn publications. Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line.

IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication
details all new publications released. Available on-line and or need further assistance, please contact the
also once a month by email. Customer Service Centre: [e-mail].

IEC/TR 60919-1 ®
Edition 3.1 2013-04
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-

commutated converters–
Part 1: Steady-state conditions

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.200; 29.240.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-0794-9

– 2 – TR 60919-1  IEC:2010+A1:2013(E)

CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7

1 Scope . 9

2 Normative references . 10

3 Types of HVDC systems . 11

3.1 General . 11

3.2 HVDC back-to-back system . 11

3.3 Monopolar earth return HVDC system . 13
3.4 Monopolar metallic return HVDC system . 15
3.5 Bipolar earth return HVDC system . 16
3.6 Bipolar metallic return HVDC system . 19
3.7 Two 12-pulse groups per pole . 20
3.8 Converter transformer arrangements . 21
3.9 DC switching considerations . 25
3.10 Series capacitor compensated HVDC systems . 28
4 Environment information . 32
5 Rated power, current and voltage . 34
5.1 Rated power . 34
5.1.1 General . 34
5.1.2 Rated power of an HVDC system with transmission line . 35
5.1.3 Rated power of an HVDC back-to-back system . 35
5.1.4 Direction of power flow . 35
5.2 Rated current . 35
5.3 Rated voltage . 35
6 Overload and equipment capability . 36
6.1 Overload . 36
6.2 Equipment capability . 36
6.2.1 General . 36
6.2.2 Converter valve capability . 37
6.2.3 Capability of oil-cooled transformers and reactors . 37
6.2.4 AC harmonic filter and reactive power compensation equipment
capability . 37
6.2.5 Switchgear and buswork capability . 38
7 Minimum power transfer and no-load stand-by state . 38
7.1 General . 38
7.2 Minimum current. 38
7.3 Reduced direct voltage operation . 38
7.4 No-load stand-by state . 39
7.4.1 General . 39
7.4.2 Converter transformers – No-load stand-by . 39
7.4.3 Converter valves – No-load stand-by . 39
7.4.4 AC filters and reactive compensation – No-load stand-by . 39
7.4.5 DC reactors and d.c. filters – No-load stand-by . 39
7.4.6 Auxiliary power system – No-load stand-by. 39
7.4.7 Control and protection – No-load stand-by . 39

TR 60919-1  IEC:2010+A1:2013(E) – 3 –

8 AC system . 39

8.1 General . 39

8.2 AC voltage . 40

8.2.1 Rated a.c. voltage . 40

8.2.2 Steady-state voltage range . 40

8.2.3 Negative sequence voltage . 41

8.3 Frequency . 41

8.3.1 Rated frequency . 41

8.3.2 Steady-state frequency range . 41

8.3.3 Short-term frequency variation . 41
8.3.4 Frequency variation during emergency . 41
8.4 System impedance at fundamental frequency . 41
8.5 System impedance at harmonic frequencies . 41
8.6 Positive and zero-sequence surge impedance . 42
8.7 Other sources of harmonics . 42
8.8 Subsynchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) . 42
9 Reactive power . 42
9.1 General . 42
9.2 Conventional HVDC systems . 42
9.3 Series capacitor compensated HVDC schemes . 44
9.4 Converter reactive power consumption . 44
9.5 Reactive power balance with the a.c. system . 44
9.6 Reactive power supply . 45
9.7 Maximum size of switchable VAR banks . 45
10 HVDC transmission line, earth electrode line and earth electrode . 45
10.1 General . 45
10.2 Overhead line(s) . 45
10.2.1 General . 45
10.2.2 Electrical parameters . 46
10.3 Cable line(s) . 46
10.3.1 General . 46
10.3.2 Electrical parameters . 46
10.4 Earth electrode line . 47
10.5 Earth electrode . 47
11 Reliability . 47

11.1 General . 47
11.2 Outage . 47
11.2.1 General . 47
11.2.2 Scheduled outage . 47
11.2.3 Forced outage . 48
11.3 Capacity . 48
11.3.1 General . 48
11.3.2 Maximum continuous capacity P . 48
m
11.3.3 Outage capacity P . 48
o
11.3.4 Outage derating factor (ODF) . 48
11.4 Outage duration terms . 48
11.4.1 Actual outage duration (AOD) . 48
11.4.2 Equivalent outage duration (EOD) . 48

– 4 – TR 60919-1  IEC:2010+A1:2013(E)

11.4.3 Period hours (PH) . 49

11.4.4 Actual outage hours (AOH) . 49

11.4.5 Equivalent outage hours (EOH) . 49

11.5 Energy unavailability (EU) . 49

11.5.1 General . 49

11.5.2 Forced energy unavailability (FEU) . 50

11.5.3 Scheduled
...

IEC TR 60919-1 ®
Edition 3.2 2017-05
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-
commutated converters –
Part 1: Steady-state conditions

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from

either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or

your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé Fax: [phone]

CH-1211 Geneva 20 [e-mail]
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The stand-alone application for consulting the entire The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, electrical terms containing 20 000 terms and definitions in
Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other English and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional
documents. Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
iPad. Vocabulary (IEV) online.

IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a 65 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and

CISPR.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
details all new publications released. Available online and If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
also once a month by email. need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: [e-mail].
IEC TR 60919-1 ®
Edition 3.2 2017-05
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-

commutated converters –
Part 1: Steady-state conditions

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.200; 29.240.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-4412-8

IEC TR 60919-1 ®
Edition 3.2 2017-05
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
colour
inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-
commutated converters –
Part 1: Steady-state conditions

– 2 – IEC TR 60919-1:2010+AMD1:2013
+AMD2:2017 CSV  IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 10
3 Types of HVDC systems . 11
3.1 General . 11
3.2 HVDC back-to-back system . 11
3.3 Monopolar HVDC system with earth return HVDC system . 13
3.4 Monopolar HVDC system with metallic return HVDC system . 15
3.5 Bipolar earth return HVDC system . 16
3.6 Bipolar HVDC system with metallic return HVDC system . 20
3.7 Two 12-pulse groups per pole . 22
3.8 Converter transformer arrangements . 22
3.9 DC switching considerations . 27
3.10 Series capacitor compensated HVDC systems . 29
3.11 LCC/VSC hybrid bipolar system . 33
4 Environment information . 34
5 Rated power, current and voltage . 37
5.1 Rated power . 37
5.1.1 General . 37
5.1.2 Rated power of an HVDC system with transmission line . 37
5.1.3 Rated power of an HVDC back-to-back system . 37
5.1.4 Direction of power flow . 38
5.2 Rated current . 38
5.3 Rated voltage . 38
6 Overload and equipment capability . 38
6.1 Overload . 38
6.2 Equipment capability . 39
6.2.1 General . 39
6.2.2 Converter valve capability . 39
6.2.3 Capability of oil-cooled transformers and reactors . 40
6.2.4 AC harmonic filter and reactive power compensation equipment
capability . 40
6.2.5 Switchgear and buswork capability . 40
7 Minimum power transfer and no-load stand-by state . 40
7.1 General . 40
7.2 Minimum current. 40
7.3 Reduced direct voltage operation . 41
7.4 No-load stand-by state . 41
7.4.1 General . 41
7.4.2 Converter transformers – No-load stand-by . 41
7.4.3 Converter valves – No-load stand-by . 41
7.4.4 AC filters and reactive compensation – No-load stand-by . 42
7.4.5 DC reactors and d.c. filters – No-load stand-by . 42
7.4.6 Auxiliary power system – No-load stand-by. 42
7.4.7 Control and protection – No-load stand-by . 42
8 AC system . 42

+AMD2:2017 CSV  IEC 2017
8.1 General . 42
8.2 AC voltage . 42
8.2.1 Rated a.c. voltage . 42
8.2.2 Steady-state voltage range . 42
8.2.3 Negative sequence voltage . 43
8.3 Frequency . 43
8.3.1 Rated frequency . 43
8.3.2 Steady-state frequency range . 43
8.3.3 Short-term frequency variation . 44
8.3.4 Frequency variation during emergency . 44
8.4 System impedance at fundamental frequency . 44
8.5 System impedance at harmonic frequencies . 44
8.6 Positive and zero-sequence surge impedance . 44
8.7 Other sources of harmonics . 44
8.8 Subsynchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) . 45
9 Reactive power . 45
9.1 General . 45
9.2 Conventional HVDC systems . 45
9.3 Series capacitor compensated HVDC schemes . 47
9.4 Converter reactive power consumption . 47
9.5 Reactive power balance with the a.c. system . 47
9.6 Reactive power supply . 48
9.7 Maximum size of switchable VAR banks . 48
10 HVDC transmission line, earth electrode line and earth electrode . 48
10.1 General . 48
10.2 Overhead line(s) . 48
10.2.1 General . 48
10.2.2 Electrical parameters . 49
10.3 Cable line(s) . 49
10.3.1 General . 49
10.3.2 Electrical parameters . 49
10.4 Earth electrode line . 50
10.5 Earth electrode . 50
11 Reliability . 50
11.1 General . 50
11.2 Outage . 50
11.2.1 General . 50
11.2.2 Scheduled outage . 50
11.2.3 Forced outage . 51
11.3 Capacity . 51
11.3.1 General . 51
11.3.2 Maximum continuous capacity P . 51
m
11.3.3 Outage capacity P . 51
o
11.3.4 Outage derating factor (ODF) . 51
11.4 Outage duration terms .
...