IEC 60068-2-75:2014

Environmental testing - Part 2-75: Tests - Test Eh: Hammer tests

IEC 60068-2-75:2014 provides three standardized and coordinated test methods for determining the ability of a specimen to withstand specified severities of impact. It is used, in particular, to demonstrate an acceptable level of robustness when assessing the safety of a product and is primarily intended for the testing of electrotechnical items. It consists of the application to the specimen of a prescribed number of impacts defined by their impact energy and applied in the prescribed directions. This part of IEC 60068 covers energy levels ranging from 0,14 J (joules) to 50 J (joules). This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1997, and constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical change with respect to the previous edition:
- reconsideration of some values in Tables 1 and 2. Although some values are no longer recommended, they have been retained as alternatives for historical consistency purposes.

Essais d'environnement - Partie 2-75: Essais - Essai Eh: Essais au marteau

L'IEC 60068-2-75:2014 fournit trois méthodes d'essai normalisées et coordonnées pour déterminer l'aptitude d'un spécimen à supporter des sévérités spécifiées d'impact. Elle est utilisée en particulier pour démontrer un niveau acceptable de robustesse mécanique pour l'évaluation de la sécurité d'un produit; elle est destinée, en premier lieu, à l'essai de produits électrotechniques. Elle consiste à appliquer au spécimen un nombre prescrit d'impacts définis par leur énergie et appliqués dans des directions spécifiées. La présente partie de l'IEC 60068 couvre les niveaux d'énergie allant de 0,14 J (joules) à 50 J (joules). Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition, parue en 1997, et constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut la modification technique significative suivante par rapport à l'édition précédente:br /> - réexamen de certaines valeurs figurant dans les Tableaux 1 et 2. Bien qu'elles ne soient plus recommandées, certaines valeurs ont été conservées comme alternatives dans un but de cohérence avec la pratique antérieure.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 02-Sep-2014
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 19.040 - Environmental testing
• Technical Committee: TC 104 - Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test
• Drafting Committee: MT 17 - TC 104/MT 17
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 15-Sep-2014
• Completion Date: 03-Sep-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 60068-2-75
®

Edition 2.0 2014-09
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE DE SÉCURITÉ
Environmental testing –
Part 2-75: Tests – Test Eh: Hammer tests

Essais d’environnement –
Partie 2-75: Essais – Test Eh: Essais au marteau

IEC 60068-2-75:2014-09(en-fr)

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IEC 60068-2-75

®


Edition 2.0 2014-09




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME



INTERNATIONALE




BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION

PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE DE SÉCURITÉ






Environmental testing –

Part 2-75: Tests – Test Eh: Hammer tests




Essais d’environnement –

Partie 2-75: Essais – Test Eh: Essais au marteau















INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE

PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE

CODE PRIX V


ICS 19.040 ISBN 978-2-8322-1842-6



Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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– 2 – IEC 60068-2-75:2014 © IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions. 8
4 Provisions common to all hammer test methods . 8
4.1 Severities . 8
4.1.1 General . 8
4.1.2 Impact energy value . 8
4.1.3 Number of impacts . 9
4.2 Test apparatus . 9
4.2.1 Description . 9
4.2.2 Mounting . 10
4.3 Preconditioning . 10
4.4 Initial measurements . 10
4.5 Testing . 10
4.5.1 General . 10
4.5.2 Attitudes and impact locations . 11
4.5.3 Preparation of the specimen . 11
4.5.4 Operating mode and functional monitoring . 11
4.6 Recovery . 11
4.7 Final measurements . 11
4.8 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 11
5 Test Eha: Pendulum hammer . 12
5.1 Test apparatus . 12
5.1.1 General . 12
5.1.2 Test apparatus for severities not exceeding 1 J . 12
5.1.3 Test apparatus for severities of 2 J and above. 12
5.2 Height of fall . 12
5.3 Testing . 13
6 Test Ehb: Spring hammer . 13
6.1 Test apparatus . 13
6.2 Influence of earth's gravity . 14
6.3 Calibration . 14
7 Test Ehc: Vertical hammer . 14
7.1 Test apparatus . 14
7.2 Height of fall . 14
Annex A (normative) Shapes of striking elements . 15
Annex B (normative) Procedure for the calibration of spring hammers. 18
B.1 Principle of calibration . 18
B.2 Construction of the calibration device . 18
B.3 Method of calibration of the calibration device . 18
B.4 Use of the calibration device. 19
Annex C (informative) Guidance notes. 25
C.1 When is an impact test appropriate? . 25

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IEC 60068-2-75:2014 © IEC 2014 – 3 –
C.2 Choice of test apparatus. 25
C.3 Choice of energy level . 25
C.4 Information for testing . 26
Annex D (informative) Example of pendulum hammer test apparatus . 27
Annex E (informative) Example of spring hammer test apparatus . 30
Bibliography . 32

Figure 1 – Example sketch of a striking element . 10
Figure 2 – Derivation of measuring point . 13
Figure 3 – Shape of release head for 2 J . 14
Figure A.1 – Example of a striking element for ≤ 1 J . 15
Figure A.2 – Example of a striking element for 2 J . 15
Figure A.3 – Example of a striking element for 5 J . 16
Figure A.4 – Example of a striking element for 10 J . 16
Figure A.5 – Example of a striking element for 20 J . 17
Figure A.6 – Example of a striking element for 50 J . 17
Figure B.1 – Calibration device . 20
Figure B.2 – Pendulum "c" . 21
Figure B.3 – Steel spring of pendulum "c" . 21
Figure B.4 – Details of calibration device . 22
Figure B.5 – Arrangement for the calibration of the calibration device . 23
Figure B.6 – Division of scale plate "f" . 24
Figure D.1 – Test apparatus . 27
Figure D.2 – Striking element of the pendulum hammer for energies ≤ 1 J . 28
Figure D.3 – Mounting fixture . 28
Figure D.4 – Adapter for flush-type switches . 29
Figure D.5 – Adapter for lamp holders . 29
Figure E.1 – Spring hammer test apparatus . 31

Table 1 – Coordinated characteristics of the striking elements . 9
Table 2 – Height of fall . 12
Table C.1 – Energy levels in joules . 25
Table E.1 – Kinetic energy of striking element . 30

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– 4 – IEC 60068-2-75:2014 © IEC 2014
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –

Part 2-75: Tests –
Test Eh: Hammer tests

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60068-2-75 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 104:
Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1997, and constitutes a
technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical change with respect to the previous
edition:
– reconsideration of some values in Tables 1 and 2. Although some values are no longer
recommended, they have been retained as alternatives for historical consistency purposes.
It has the status of:a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.

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IEC 60068-2-75:2014 © IEC 2014 – 5 –
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
104/635/FDIS 104/637/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60068 series, published under the general title Environmental
testing, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

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– 6 – IEC 60068-2-75:2014 © IEC 2014
INTRODUCTION
Mechanical impacts likely to stress electrotechnical equipment in service can be generated by
hammers of various types. For standardization purposes, the results of such testing should not
depend on the type of testing apparatus and therefore, the characteristics of the various types
of test hammers described in this part of IEC 60068 are intended to be as close as practicable
for the same severity level.
It is important to note that both Clause 3 and the test method selected from Clauses 4, 5, and 6
need to be complied with in order to satisfy the requirements of this International Standard.
The severity levels are, in general, taken from IEC 60721-1.
For coordination purposes, it has been necessary to change certain fundamental parameters of
the previous tests Ef: Impact, pendulum hammer, and Eg: Impact, spring hammer. In all cases,
both sets of parameters are shown at the appropriate places in the text. Although some values
are no longer recommended, they have been retained as alternatives for historical consistency
purposes. This is because they have application in certain industries as historic comparators.

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IEC 60068-2-75:2014 © IEC 2014 – 7 –
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –

Part 2-75: Tests –
Test Eh: Hammer tests



1 Scope
This part of IEC 60068 provides three standardized and coordinated test methods for
determining the ability of a specimen to withstand specified severities of impact. It is used, in
particular, to demonstrate an acceptable level of robustness when assessing the safety of a
product and is primarily intended for the testing of electrotechnical items. It consists of the
application to the specimen of a prescribed number of impacts defined by their impact energy
and applied in the prescribed directions.
This part of IEC 60068 covers energy levels ranging from 0,14 J (joules) to 50 J (joules).
Three types of test apparatus are applicable to perform these tests. Annex C provides some
guidance as to this aspect.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60721-1, Classification of environmental conditions – Part 1: Environmental parameters
and their severities
IEC Guide 104, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications
and group safety publications
IEC Guide 108, Guidelines for ensuring the coherency of IEC publications – Application of
horizontal standards
ISO 1052, Steels for general engineering purposes
ISO 2039-2, Plastics – Determination of hardness – Part 2: Rockwell hardness
ISO 2041, Vibration and shock and condition monitoring – Vocabulary
ISO 2768-1, General tolerances – Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without
individual tolerances indications
ISO 6508 (all parts), Metallic materials – Rockwell hardness test

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– 8 – IEC 60068-2-75:2014 © IEC 2014
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions used in ISO 2041 or in
IEC 60068-1, together with the following, apply.
3.1
combined mass of the striking element
sum of the masses of the striking element and of the element's fixing system
3.2
fixing point
part of the specimen in contact with the mounting fixture at the point where the specimen is
normally fastened in service
3.3
equivalent mass
mass of the striking element and any relevant portions of the test apparatus which, combined
with its velocity, provides the impact energy
Note 1 to entry: For the particular application to the pendulum hammer apparatus, mass of the simple pendulum
hammer calculated from the measure of the vertical force (in newtons) to be applied in the axis of the striking
element to maintain the arm of the pendulum in a horizontal position, divided by the earth's gravity. When the mass
of the arm is evenly distributed, the equivalent mass is equal to the sum of the combined mass of the striking
element plus half the mass of the arm.
3.4
measuring point
point marked on the surface of the striking element where the line through the point of
intersection of the axes of the arms of both of the pendulum and of the striking element, and
perpendicular to the plane through both axes, meets the surface (see Figure 2).
Note 1 to entry: In some IEC standards which include a pendulum hammer test, the term "checking point" has
been used but it has not been used here in order to avoid confusion with "check point " in other parts of IEC 60068-2.
Note 2 to entry: Theoretically, the centre of gravity of the striking element should be the measuring point. In
practice, the centre of gravity is either difficult to determine or inaccessible, and the measuring point is therefore
defined as above.
3.5
height of fall
vertical distance between the position of the measuring point when the pendulum is released
and its position at the moment of impact (see Figure D.1).
4 Provisions common to all hammer test methods
4.1 Severities
4.1.1 General
The severity is defined by the impact energy value chosen from 4.1.2, and the number of
impacts according to 4.1.3.
4.1.2 Impact energy value
The impact energy value shall be one of the following, as prescribed by the relevant
specification:
0,14 – 0,2 – (0,3) – 0,35 – (0,4) – 0,5 – 0,7 – 1 – 2 – 5 – 10 – 20 – 50 J (joules).

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IEC 60068-2-75:2014 © IEC 2014 – 9 –
NOTE Figures in brackets appear in previous IEC 60068-2 standards, although no longer recommended, they may
be used for historic consistency.
4.1.3 Number of impacts
Unless otherwise prescribed by the relevant specification, the number of impacts shall be three
per location.
4.2 Test apparatus
4.2.1 Description
Three types of test apparatus are available to perform these tests:
– the pendulum hammer;
– the spring hammer;
– the vertical hammer.
The types of test apparatus are defined in Clauses 5, 6 and 7 as tests Eha, Ehb and Ehc,
respectively. The coordinated characteristics of the striking element are, in principle, similar in
all three cases and are stated in Table 1 in relation to the outline shown in Figure 1.
Dimensions are in millimetres. Tolerances are as per class m of ISO 2768-1, unless otherwise
stated.
Table 1 – Coordinated characteristics of the striking elements
≤1 2 5 10 20 50
Energy value
±10 % ±5 % ±5 % ±5 % ±5 % ±5 %
J
Equivalent
0,25 (0,2) 0,5 1,7 5 5 10
mass
±2 % kg
a b
Polyamide Steel
Material
10 25 25 50 50 50
R  mm
D  mm 18,5 (20) 35 60 80 100 125
f  mm 6,2(10) 7 10 20 20 25
r  mm – – 6 – 10 17
l  mm To be adjusted to match the equivalent mass, see Annex A.
a

85 ≤ HRR ≤100, Rockwell hardness according to ISO 2039-2.
b

Fe 490-2, according to ISO 1052: Rockwell hardness: HRE 80.85 according to ISO 6508.
NOTE The values shown in brackets for the equivalent mass and the diameter of the striking element for the
energy value equal to or less than 1 J are those in the current test Ef. The values currently in test Eg are also
shown for these two parameters. Although, for coordination reasons, these values are no longer recommended,
they are used by some industries for historical comparison purposes.

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– 10 – IEC 60068-2-75:2014 © IEC 2014
Axis of
r
striking
element
R
f l

IEC
Figure 1 – Example sketch of a striking element
The striking surface shall be visually examined before each impact in order to ensure that there
is no damage that might affect the result of the test.
4.2.2 Mounting
As prescribed by the relevant specification, the specimen shall either
a) be mounted by its normal means on a rigid plane support, or
b) be placed against a rigid plane support.
In order to ensure that the specimen is rigidly supported, it may be necessary when performing
the test to place the specimen against a plane solid support, for example a wall or a floor
made of brick or concrete, covered by a sheet of polyamide which is tightly fixed to the support.
Care shall be taken to ensure that there is no appreciable air gap between the sheet and the
support. The sheet shall have a Rockwell hardnes
...