IEC 60034-2-1:2024

Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)

IEC 60034-2-1:2024 is intended to establish methods of determining efficiencies from tests, and also to specify methods of obtaining specific losses. This document applies to DC machines and to AC synchronous and induction machines of all sizes within the scope of IEC 60034-1 rated for mains operation. These methods may be applied to other types of machines such as rotary converters, AC commutator motors and single-phase induction motors. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60034-2-1 published in 2014. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Harmonization of layout and requirements with IEC 60034-2-2 and IEC 60034-2-3.

Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 2-1: Méthodes normalisées pour la détermination des pertes et du rendement à partir d'essais (à l'exclusion des machines pour véhicules de traction)

L'IEC 60034-2-1:2024 a pour objet de définir les méthodes de détermination du rendement à partir d'essais et également de spécifier les méthodes qui permettent de déterminer des pertes spécifiques. Le présent document s'applique aux machines à courant continu ainsi qu'aux machines à courant alternatif, synchrones et à induction, de toutes dimensions, qui entrent dans le domaine d'application de l'IEC 60034-1 et assignées pour un fonctionnement sur secteur. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
- Harmonisation de la disposition et des procédures avec l'IEC 60034-2-2 et l'IEC 60034-2-3.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 11-Mar-2024
• ICS: 29.160.01 - Rotating machinery in general
• Technical Committee: TC 2 - Rotating machinery
• Drafting Committee: WG 28 - TC 2/WG 28
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Completion Date: 12-Mar-2024

Relations

• Revises: IEC 60034-2-1:2014 - Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 60034-2-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-03
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests
(excluding machines for traction vehicles)

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Secretariat Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé [e-mail]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
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IEC 60034-2-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-03
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests
(excluding machines for traction vehicles)
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.160.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-8542-8

– 2 – IEC 60034-2-1:2024 RLV © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 13
4.1 Symbols . 13
4.2 Additional subscripts . 14
5 Basic requirements . 15
5.1 Direct and indirect efficiency determination . 15
5.2 Uncertainty . 15
5.3 Preferred methods and methods for customer-specific acceptance tests,
field-tests or routine-tests . 16
5.4 Power supply . 16
5.4.1 Voltage . 16
5.4.2 Frequency . 16
5.5 Instrumentation . 16
5.5.1 General . 16
5.5.2 Measuring instruments for electrical quantities . 16
5.5.3 Torque measurement . 17
5.5.4 Speed and frequency measurement . 18
5.5.5 Temperature measurement . 18
5.6 Units . 18
5.7 Resistance . 18
5.7.1 Test resistance . 18
5.7.2 Winding temperature . 18
5.7.3 Correction to reference coolant temperature . 19
5.8 State of the machine under test and test categories . 19
5.9 Excitation circuit measurements . 20
5.10 Ambient temperature during testing . 21
6 Test methods for the determination of the efficiency of induction machines . 21
6.1 Preferred testing methods . 21
6.1.1 General . 21
6.1.2 Method 2-1-1A – Direct measurement of input and output . 22
6.1.3 Method 2-1-1B – Summation of losses, additional load losses according
to the method of residual loss . 24
6.1.4 Method 2-1-1C – Summation of losses with additional load losses from
assigned allowance . 33
6.2 Testing methods for field or routine-testing . 38
6.2.1 General . 38
6.2.2 Method 2-1-1D – Dual supply back-to-back-test . 39
6.2.3 Method 2-1-1E – Single supply back-to-back-test . 40
6.2.4 Method 2-1-1F – Summation of losses with additional load losses
determined by test with rotor removed and reverse rotation test . 41
6.2.5 Method 2-1-1G – Summation of losses with additional load losses
determined by Eh-star method . 46
6.2.6 Method 2-1-1H – Determination of efficiency by use of the equivalent
circuit parameters . 51
7 Test methods for the determination of the efficiency of synchronous machines . 57

7.1 Preferred testing methods . 57
7.1.1 General . 57
7.1.2 Method 2-1-2A – Direct measurement of input and output . 58
7.1.3 Method 2-1-2B – Summation of separate losses with a rated load
temperature test and a short circuit test . 59
7.1.4 Method 2-1-2C – Summation of separate losses without a full load test . 65
7.2 Testing methods for field or routine testing . 67
7.2.1 General . 67
7.2.2 Method 2-1-2D – Dual supply back-to-back-test . 67
7.2.3 Method 2-1-2E – Single supply back-to-back-test . 68
7.2.4 Method 2-1-2F – Zero power factor test with excitation current from

Potier-, ASA- or Swedish-diagram . 70
7.2.5 Method 2-1-2G – Summation of separate losses with a load test without
consideration of additional load losses . 74
8 Test methods for the determination of the efficiency of DC machines . 75
8.1 Testing methods for field or routine testing . 75
8.2 Method 2-1-3A – Direct measurement of input and output . 76
8.2.1 General . 76
8.2.2 Test procedure . 77
8.2.3 Efficiency determination. 77
8.3 Method 2-1-3B – Summation of losses with a load test and DC component of

additional load losses from test . 78
8.3.1 General . 78
8.3.2 Test procedure . 79
8.4 Method 2-1-3C – Summation of losses with a load test and DC component of
additional load losses from assigned value . 85
8.4.1 General . 85
8.4.2 Test procedure . 86
8.4.3 Efficiency determination. 87
8.5 Method 2-1-3D – Summation of losses without a load test . 88
8.5.1 General . 88
8.5.2 Test procedure . 89
8.5.3 Efficiency determination. 90
8.6 Method 2-1-3E – Single supply back-to-back test . 91
8.6.1 General . 91
8.6.2 Test procedure . 91
8.6.3 Efficiency determination. 92
Annex A (normative) Calculation of values for the Eh-star method . 93
Annex B (informative) Types of excitation systems . 96
Annex C (informative) Induction machine slip measurement . 97
Annex D (informative) Test report template for method 2-1-1B . 99
Bibliography . 100

Figure 1 – Torque measuring devices . 17
Figure 2 – Sketch for torque measurement test . 22
Figure 3 – Efficiency determination according to method 2-1-1A . 23
Figure 4 – Efficiency determination according to method 2-1-1B . 26
Figure 5 – Smoothing of the residual loss data . 32

– 4 – IEC 60034-2-1:2024 RLV © IEC 2024
Figure 6 – Efficiency determination according to method 2-1-1C . 35
Figure 7 – Vector diagram for obtaining current vector from reduced voltage test . 36
Figure 8 – Assigned allowance for additional load losses P . 37
LL
Figure 9 – Efficiency determination according to method 2-1-1D . 39
Figure 10 – Sketch for dual supply back-to-back test . 39
Figure 11 – Efficiency determination according to method 2-1-1E . 40
Figure 12 – Efficiency determination according to method 2-1-1F . 43
Figure 13 – Efficiency determination according to method 2-1-1G .
...

IEC 60034-2-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests
(excluding machines for traction vehicles)

Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 2-1: Méthodes normalisées pour la détermination des pertes et du
rendement à partir d'essais (à l'exclusion des machines pour véhicules de
traction)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

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About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

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The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
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and French, with equivalent terms in 25 additional languages.

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(IEV) online.
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IEC 60034-2-1 ®
Edition 3.0 2024-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Rotating electrical machines –

Part 2-1: Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests

(excluding machines for traction vehicles)

Machines électriques tournantes –

Partie 2-1: Méthodes normalisées pour la détermination des pertes et du

rendement à partir d'essais (à l'exclusion des machines pour véhicules de

traction)
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.160.01  ISBN 978-2-8322-8170-3

– 2 – IEC 60034-2-1:2024 © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 13
4.1 Symbols . 13
4.2 Additional subscripts . 14
5 Basic requirements . 15
5.1 Direct and indirect efficiency determination . 15
5.2 Uncertainty . 15
5.3 Preferred methods and methods for customer-specific acceptance tests,
field-tests or routine-tests . 15
5.4 Power supply . 16
5.4.1 Voltage . 16
5.4.2 Frequency . 16
5.5 Instrumentation . 16
5.5.1 General . 16
5.5.2 Measuring instruments for electrical quantities . 16
5.5.3 Torque measurement . 16
5.5.4 Speed and frequency measurement . 17
5.5.5 Temperature measurement . 17
5.6 Units . 17
5.7 Resistance . 17
5.7.1 Test resistance . 17
5.7.2 Winding temperature . 18
5.7.3 Correction to reference coolant temperature . 18
5.8 State of the machine under test and test categories . 19
5.9 Excitation circuit measurements . 20
5.10 Ambient temperature during testing . 20
6 Test methods for the determination of the efficiency of induction machines . 20
6.1 Preferred testing methods . 20
6.1.1 General . 20
6.1.2 Method 2-1-1A – Direct measurement of input and output . 21
6.1.3 Method 2-1-1B – Summation of losses, additional load losses according
to the method of residual loss . 23
6.1.4 Method 2-1-1C – Summation of losses with additional load losses from
assigned allowance . 31
6.2 Testing methods for field or routine-testing . 35
6.2.1 General . 35
6.2.2 Method 2-1-1D – Dual supply back-to-back-test . 36
6.2.3 Method 2-1-1E – Single supply back-to-back-test . 37
6.2.4 Method 2-1-1F – Summation of losses with additional load losses
determined by test with rotor removed and reverse rotation test . 38
6.2.5 Method 2-1-1G – Summation of losses with additional load losses
determined by Eh-star method . 42
6.2.6 Method 2-1-1H – Determination of efficiency by use of the equivalent
circuit parameters . 46
7 Test methods for the determination of the efficiency of synchronous machines . 52

7.1 Preferred testing methods . 52
7.1.1 General . 52
7.1.2 Method 2-1-2A – Direct measurement of input and output . 53
7.1.3 Method 2-1-2B – Summation of separate losses with a rated load
temperature test and a short circuit test . 54
7.1.4 Method 2-1-2C – Summation of separate losses without a full load test . 60
7.2 Testing methods for field or routine testing . 62
7.2.1 General . 62
7.2.2 Method 2-1-2D – Dual supply back-to-back-test . 62
7.2.3 Method 2-1-2E – Single supply back-to-back-test . 63
7.2.4 Method 2-1-2F – Zero power factor test with excitation current from

Potier-, ASA- or Swedish-diagram . 65
7.2.5 Method 2-1-2G – Summation of separate losses with a load test without
consideration of additional load losses . 69
8 Test methods for the determination of the efficiency of DC machines . 70
8.1 Testing methods for field or routine testing . 70
8.2 Method 2-1-3A – Direct measurement of input and output . 71
8.2.1 General . 71
8.2.2 Test procedure . 72
8.2.3 Efficiency determination. 72
8.3 Method 2-1-3B – Summation of losses with a load test and DC component of

additional load losses from test . 73
8.3.1 General . 73
8.3.2 Test procedure . 74
8.4 Method 2-1-3C – Summation of losses with a load test and DC component of
additional load losses from assigned value . 80
8.4.1 General . 80
8.4.2 Test procedure . 81
8.4.3 Efficiency determination. 82
...