IEC 61803:1999+AMD1:2010 CSV

Determination of power losses in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations with line-commutated converters

IEC 61803:1999+A1:2010 applies to all line-commutated high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations used for power exchange in utility systems. This standard presumes the use of 12-pulse thyristor converters but can, with due care, also be used for 6-pulse thyristor converters. In some applications, synchronous compensators or static var compensators (SVC) may be connected to the a.c. bus of the HVDC converter station. The loss determination procedures for such equipment are not included in this standard. This standard presents a set of standard procedures for determining the total losses of an HVDC converter station. Typical HVDC equipment is shown in figure 1. The procedures cover all parts, except as noted above, and address no-load operation and operating losses together with their methods of calculation which use, wherever possible, measured parameters. Converter station designs employing novel components or circuit configurations compared to the typical design assumed in this standard, or designs equipped with unusual auxiliary circuits that could affect the losses, shall be assessed on their own merits. This consolidated version consists of the first edition (1999) and its amendment 1 (2010). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.

Détermination des pertes en puissance dans les postes de conversion en courant continu à haute tension (CCHT) munis de convertisseurs commutés par le réseau

La CEI 61803:1999+A1:2010 s'applique à tous les postes de conversion en courant continu à haute tension (CCHT), commutés par le réseau, et utilisés pour l'échange de puissance dans des systèmes de distribution d'énergie. Cette norme présuppose l'utilisation de convertisseurs à thyristors à 12 impulsions mais peut également, en utilisant les précautions appropriées, s'appliquer à des convertisseurs à thyristors à 6 impulsions. Dans certaines applications, il est admis de connecter des compensateurs synchrones ou des compensateurs var statiques (CVS) au noeud à courant alternatif du poste de conversion en courant continu à haute tension (CCHT). Les procédures de détermination de pertes pour ce type de matériel ne figurent pas dans la présente norme. La présente norme décrit un ensemble de procédures types permettant de déterminer l'ensemble des pertes d'un poste de conversion à CCHT. Un matériel type à CCHT est présenté à la figure 1. Les procédures recouvrent toutes les pièces, à l'exception de celles mentionnées ci-dessus, et considèrent les pertes en fonctionnement à vide et les pertes en fonctionnement ainsi que leurs méthodes de calcul utilisant, dans la mesure du possible, des paramètres mesurés. Les conceptions de poste de conversion utilisant des composants ou configurations de circuit originaux par rapport à la conception type considérée a priori dans la présente norme, ou des conceptions équipées de circuits de distribution d'énergie auxiliaires inhabituels susceptibles de modifier les pertes, doivent être évaluées selon leurs propres mérites.  Cette version consolidée comprend la première édition (1999) et son amendement 1 (2010). Il n'est donc pas nécessaire de commander l'amendement avec cette publication.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Mar-2011
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 29.200 - Rectifiers. Convertors. Stabilized power supply
• ICS: 31.140 - Piezoelectric devices
• Technical Committee: SC 22F - Power electronics for electrical transmission and distribution systems
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Completion Date: 19-Oct-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 61803
®

Edition 1.1 2011-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Determination of power losses in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter
stations with line-commutated converters

Détermination des pertes en puissance dans les postes de conversion en
courant continu à haute tension (CCHT) munis de convertisseurs commutés
par le réseau

IEC 61803:1999+A1:2010

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IEC 61803
®

Edition 1.1 2011-03

INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Determination of power losses in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter
stations with line-commutated converters

Détermination des pertes en puissance dans les postes de conversion en
courant continu à haute tension (CCHT) munis de convertisseurs commutés
par le réseau


INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX CM
ICS 29.200 ISBN 978-2-88912-338-4

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – 61803 © IEC:1999+A1:2010
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Definitions and symbols . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Letter symbols . 8
4 General . 8
4.1 Introduction . 8
4.2 Ambient conditions . 9
4.2.1 Outdoor standard reference temperature . 9
4.2.2 Coolant standard reference temperature . 9
4.2.3 Standard reference air pressure . 9
4.3 Operating parameters . 9
5 Determination of equipment losses . 10
5.1 Thyristor valve losses . 10
5.1.1 Thyristor conduction loss per valve . 11
5.1.2 Thyristor spreading loss per valve . 11
5.1.3 Other conduction losses per valve . 12
5.1.4 D.C. voltage-dependent loss per valve . 12
5.1.5 Damping loss per valve (resistor-dependent term) . 13
5.1.6 Damping loss per valve (change of capacitor energy term) . 14
5.1.7 Turn-off losses per valve . 14
5.1.8 Reactor loss per valve . 14
5.1.9 Total valve losses . 15
5.1.10 Temperature effects . 15
5.1.11 No-load operation loss per valve . 15
5.2 Converter transformer losses . 16
5.2.1 General . 16
5.2.2 No-load operation losses . 16
5.2.3 Operating losses . 16
5.2.4 Auxiliary power losses . 17
5.3 AC filter losses . 17
5.3.1 General . 17
5.3.2 AC filter capacitor losses . 18
5.3.3 AC filter reactor losses . 18
5.3.4 AC filter resistor losses . 19
5.3.5 Total a.c. filter losses . 19
5.4 Shunt capacitor bank losses . 19
5.5 Shunt reactor losses . 19
5.6 DC smoothing reactor losses . 19
5.7 DC filter losses . 20
5.7.1 General . 20
5.7.2 DC filter capacitor losses . 21
5.7.3 DC filter reactor losses . 21

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61803 © IEC:1999+A1:2010 – 3 –
5.7.4 DC filter resistor losses . 21
5.7.5 Total d.c. filter losses . 21
5.8 Auxiliaries and station service losses . 22
5.9 Radio interference/PLC Series filter losse . 22
5.10 Other equipment losses . 23

Annex A (normative)  Calculation of harmonic currents and voltages . 29
Annex B (informative)  Typical station losses . 31
Annex C (informative)  Bibliography . 32

Figure 1 – Typical high-voltage direct current (HVDC) equipment for one pole (auxiliary
equipment is not shown) . 24
Figure 2 – Simplified three-phase diagram of an HVDC 12-pulse converter . 25
Figure 3 – Simplified equivalent circuit of a typical thyristor valve . 25
Figure 4 – Current and voltage waveforms of a valve operating in a 12-pulse converter
(commutation overshoots are not shown) . 26
Figure 5 – Thyristor on-state characteristic . 27
Figure 6 – Conduction current and voltage drop . 27
Figure 7 – Distribution of commutating inductance between L1 and L2 . 28
Figure 8 – Thyristor current during reverse recovery . 28

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– 4 – 61803 © IEC:1999+A1:2010
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
––––––––––––

DETERMINATION OF POWER LOSSES IN HIGH-VOLTAGE
DIRECT CURRENT (HVDC) CONVERTER STATIONS WITH LINE-
COMMUTATED CONVERTERS



FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This consolidated version of IEC 61803 consists of the first edition (1999) [documents
22F/51/FDIS and 22F/56/RVD], its amendment 1 (2010) [documents 22F/214/CDV and
22F/224/RVC] and its corrigendum of October 1999. It bears the edition number 1.1.
The technical content is therefore identical to the base edition and its amendment and
has been prepared for user convenience. A vertical line in the margin shows where the
base publication has been modified by amendment 1. Additions and deletions are
displayed in red, with deletions being struck through.

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
61803 © IEC:1999+A1:2010 – 5 –
International Standard IEC 61803 has been prepared by subcommittee 22F: Power
electronics for electrical transmission and distribution systems, of IEC technical committee 22:
Power electronics.
Annex A forms an integral part of this standard.
Annexes B and C are for information only.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer.

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– 6 – 61803 © IEC:1999+A1:2010
DETERMINATION OF POWER LOSSES IN HIGH-VOLTAGE
DIRECT CURRENT (HVDC) CONVERTER STATIONS WITH LINE-
COMMUTATED CONVERTERS


1 Scope
This International Standard applies to all line-commutated high-voltage direct current (HVDC)
converter stations used for power exchange in utility systems. This standard presumes the
use of 12-pulse thyristor converters but can, with due care, also be used for 6-pulse thyristor
converters.
In some applications, synchronous compensators or static var compensators (SVC) may be
connected to the a.c. bus of the HVDC converter station. The loss determination procedures
for such equipment are not included in this standard.
This standard presents a set of standard procedures for determining the total losses of an
HVDC converter station. Typical HVDC equipment is shown in figure 1. The procedures cover
all parts, except as noted above, and address no-load operation and operating losses
together with their methods of calculation which use, wherever possible, measured
parameters.
Converter station designs employing novel components or circuit configurations compared to
the typical design assumed in this standard, or designs equipped with unusual auxiliary
circuits that could affect the losses, shall be assessed on their own merits.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60076-1:1993, Power transformers – Part 1: General
IEC 60076-6, Power transformers – Part 6: Reactors
IEC 60289:1988, Reactors
IEC 60633:1998, Terminology for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission
IEC 60700-1:1998, Thyristor valves for high voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission –
Part 1: Electrical testing
IEC 60747-6:1983, Semiconductor devices – Discrete devices – Part 6: Thyristors
IEC 60871-1:1997, Shunt capacitors for a.c. power systems having a rated voltage above
1 000 V – Part 1: General performance, testing and rating – Safety requirements – Guide for
installation and operation

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61803 © IEC:1999+A1:2010 – 7 –
3 Definitions and symbols
For the purpose of this International Standard, the following definitions apply:
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1
auxiliary losses
the electric power required to feed the converter station auxiliary loads. The auxiliary losses
depend on whether the station is in no-load operation or carrying load, in which case the
auxiliary losses depend on the load level
3.1.2
no-load operation losses
the losses produced in an item of equipment with the converter station energized but with the
converters blocked and all station service loads and auxiliary equipment connected as
required for immediate pick-up of load
3.1.3
load level
this term specifies the direct current, direct voltage, firing angle, a.c. voltage, and converter
transformer tap-changer position at which the converter station is operating
3.1.4
operating losses
the losses produced in an item of equipment at a given load level with the converter station
energized and the converters operating
3.1.5
rated load
this load is related to operation at nominal values of d.c. current, d.c. voltage, a.c. voltage and
converter firing angle. The a.c. system shall be assumed to be at nominal frequency and its
3-phase voltages are nominal and balanced. The position of the tap-changer of the converter
transformer and the number of a.c. filters and shunt reactive elements connected shall be
consistent with operation at rated load, coincident with nominal conditions
3.1.6
total station losses
the total station loss is the sum of all operating or no-load operation losses and the
corresponding auxiliary losses
3.1.7
station essential auxiliary load
load whose failure will affect the conversion capability of the HVDC converter station (e.g.
valve cooling), as well as load that must remain working in case of complete loss of a.c.
power supply (e.g. battery chargers, operating mechanisms)
NOTE Total “operating losses” minus “no load operation losses” may be considered as being quantitatively
equivalent to “load losses” as in conventional a.c. substation practice.

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– 8 – 61803 © IEC:1999+A1:2010
3.2 Letter symbols
α firing (trigger) delay angle, in radians (rad)
µ commutation overlap angle, in radians (rad)
f a.c. system frequency, in hertz (Hz)
I direct current, in the bridge d.c. connection, in amperes (A)
d
I harmonic r.m.s. current of order n, in amperes (A)
n
L the inductance, in henrys (H), referred to the valve winding, between the commutating
1
voltage source and the point of common coupling between star- and delta-connected
windings. L shall include any external inductance between the transformer line-winding
1
terminals and the point of connection of the a.c. harmonic filters
L the inductance, in henrys (H), referred to the valve winding, between the point of
2
common coupling between star- and delta-connected windings, and the valve. L shall
2
include the saturated inductance of the valve reactors
m electromagnetic notch coupling factor, m = L /(L + L )
1 1 2
n harmonic order
N the number of series-connected thyristors per valve
t
P power loss in an item of equipment, in watts (W)
Q quality factor at harmonic order n
n
R resistance value, in ohms (W) (Ω)
U direct voltage, in volts (V)
d
harmonic r.m.s. voltage of order n, in volts (V)
U
n
U r.m.s. value of the phase-to-phase no-load voltage on the valve side of the converter
vo
transformer excluding harmonics, in volts (V)
X inductive reactance at harmonic order n, in ohms (Ω)
n
4 General
4.1 Introduction
Suppliers need to know in detail how and where losses are generated, since this affects
component and equipment ratings. Purchasers are interested in a verifiable loss figure which
allows equitable bid comparison and in a procedure after delivery which can objectively verify
the guaranteed performance requirements of the supplier.
As a general principle, it would be desirable to determine the efficiency of an HVDC converter
station by a direct measurement of its energy losses. However, attempts to determine the
station losses by subtracting the measured output power from the measured input power
should recognize that such measurements have an inherent inaccuracy, especially if
performed at high voltage. The losses of an HVDC converter station at full load are generally
less than
1 % of the transmitted power. Therefore, the loss measured as a small difference between
two large quantities is not likely to be a sufficiently accurate indication of the actual losses.
In some special circumstances it may be possible, for example, to arrange a temporary test
connection in which two converters are operated from the same a.c. source and also
connected together via their d.c. terminals. In this connection, the power drawn from the a.c.
source equals the losses in the circuit. However, the a.c. source must also provide var
support and commutating voltage to the two converters. Once again, there are practical
measurement difficulties.

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61803 © IEC:1999+A1:2010 – 9 –
In order to avoid the problems described above, this standard standardizes a method of
calculating the HVDC converter station losses by summing the losses calculated for each item
of equipment. The standardized calculation method will help the purchaser to meaningfully
compare the competing bids. It will also allow an easy generation of performance curves for
the wide range of operating conditions in which the performance has to be known. In the
absence of an inexpensive experimental method which could be employed for an objective
verification of losses during type tests, the calculation method is the next best alternative as it
uses, wherever possible, experimental data obtained from measurements on individual
equipment and components under conditions equivalent to those encountered in real
operation.
It is important to note that the power loss in each item of equipment will depend on the
ambient conditions under which it operates, as well as on the operating conditions or duty
cycles to which it is subjected. Therefore, the ambient and operating conditions shall be
defined for each item of equipment, based on the ambient and operating conditions of the
entire HVDC converter station.
4.2 Ambient conditions
A set of standard reference ambient conditions shall be used for determining the power losses
in HVDC converter stations.
4.2.1 Outdoor standard reference temperature
An outdoor ambient dry bulb temperature of 20 °C shall be used as the standard reference
temperature for determining the total converter station losses. Corresponding valve hall
temperature may be defined by the supplier if necessary. The equivalent wet-bulb
temperature (where necessary) shall be defined by the purchaser.
NOTE If not defined, the wet-bulb temperature is recommended to be 14 °C which corresponds to approximately
50 % RH at 20 °C dry bulb temperature.
4.2.2 Coolant standard reference temperature
Where forced cooling is used for equipment, the flow rate and temperature of the coolant can
influence the temperature rise and associated losses of that equipment. Therefore, the
coolant temperatures and flow rates established by the purchaser and the supplier shall be
used as a basis for determining the losses.
4.2.3 Standard reference air pressure
The reference air pressure to be used for the evaluation of total converter station power
losses shall be the standard atmospheric pressure (101,3 kPa) corrected to the altitude of the
installation in question.
4.3 Operating parameters
The losses of an HVDC converter station depend on its operating parameters.
The losses of HVDC converter stations are classified into three categories, termed the no-
load operation losses, operating losses and auxiliary losses.
The operating losses and auxiliary losses are affected by the load level of the station because
the numbers of certain types of energized equipment (for example harmonic filters and cooling
equipment) may depend upon the load level and because losses in individual items of
equipment themselves vary with the load level.

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– 10 – 61803 © IEC:1999+A1:2010
HVDC converter station losses shall be determined for nominal (balanced) a.c. system
voltage and frequency, symmetrical impedances of the converter transformer and symmetrical
firing angles. The transformer tap-changer shall be assumed to be in the position
corresponding to nominal a.c. system voltage or as decided by the control system for the
defined operating condition.
The operating losses shall be determined for the load levels specified by the purchaser, or at
rated load if no such conditions are specified. For each load level, the valve-winding a.c.
voltage, d.c. current, converter firing angle, shunt compensation and harmonic filtering
equipment shall be consistent with the respective load level and other specified performance
requirements, relating, for example, to harmonic distortion and reactive power. Cooling and
other auxiliary equipment, as appropriate to the standard reference temperature (see 4.2.1
and 4.2.2), shall be assumed to be connected to support the respective load level.
For the no-load operation mode, converter transformers shall be energized and the converters
blocked. All filters a
...