IEC 60745-2-23:2012

Hand-held motor-operated electric tools - Safety - Part 2-23: Particular requirements for die grinders and small rotary tools

IEC 60745-2-23:2012 applies to die grinders and small rotary tools for mounted accessories not exceeding 55 mm in diameter and mounted sanding accessories not exceeding 80 mm in diameter such as, threaded cones or plugs that are threaded on a mandrel with an unrelieved shoulder flange, mandrel mounted wheels and rotary files with a rated speed not exceeding a peripheral speed of the accessory of 80 m/s at rated capacity. This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60745-1 and its amendments. It was established on the basis of the fourth edition (2006) of that standard. This standard does not apply to straight and vertical grinders utilizing flanges for driving an abrasive accessory. Those tools are covered by IEC 60745-2-3. Keywords: Die grinders, rotary tools, grinding, sanding.
This publication is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60745-1:2006.

Outils électroportatifs à moteur - Sécurité - Partie 2-23: Exigences particulières relatives aux meuleuses d'outillage et aux petits outils rotatifs

La CEI 60745-2-23:2012 s'applique aux meuleuses d'outillage et aux petits outils rotatifs dont les accessoires installés ne dépassent pas 55 mm de diamètre et dont les accessoires de ponçage montés ne dépassent pas 80 mm de diamètre, tels que les cônes filetés vissées sur tige avec collet épaulé sans détalonnage, les meules montées sur mandrin, et limes rotatives, avec une vitesse assignée n'excédant pas une vitesse périphérique de l'accessoire de 80 m/s à la capacité assignée. La présente partie 2 doit être utilisée conjointement avec la dernière édition de la CEI 60745-1 et ses amendements. Elle a été établie sur la base de la quatrième édition (2006) de cette norme. La présente norme ne s'applique pas aux meuleuses droites et aux meuleuses verticales employant des flasques pour l'entraînement d'un accessoire abrasif. Ces outils sont couverts par la CEI 60745-2-3. Mots-clés: meuleuses d'outillage, outils rotatifs, meuler, ponçage
Cette publication doit être lue conjointement avec la CEI 60745-1:2006.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 12-Dec-2012
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 25.140.01 - Hand-held tools in general
• ICS: 25.140.30 - Hand-operated tools
• Technical Committee: TC 116 - Safety of motor-operated electric tools
• Drafting Committee: WG 8 - TC 116/WG 8
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 31-Dec-2012
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2012

IEC 60745-2-23:2012 Overview

IEC 60745-2-23:2012, published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), is a critical international safety standard specifically designed for hand-held motor-operated electric tools, focusing on die grinders and small rotary tools. This standard sets out particular safety requirements for tools equipped with mounted accessories such as threaded cones, plugs, mounted sanding wheels, and rotary files.

The standard applies to accessories with a maximum diameter of 55 mm for mounted accessories and 80 mm for sanding accessories, all with rated speeds not exceeding a peripheral speed of 80 m/s. It supplements and modifies the general requirements defined in the base standard IEC 60745-1, providing specialized provisions applicable to the unique operational characteristics of die grinders and small rotary tools.

This document is essential for manufacturers, safety assessors, and users focusing on the safe design, testing, and operation of these compact, high-speed tools.

---

Key Topics Covered

• Scope and Application

  • Applies to die grinders and small rotary tools with accessory size and speed limits.
  • Excludes straight and vertical grinders (covered under IEC 60745-2-3).

• Terms and Definitions

  • Clear definitions provided for key elements like die grinders, mounted wheels, rotary tools, rated speed, and capacity to ensure consistent application.

• Safety Requirements

  • Protection against access to live parts.
  • Safe starting procedures and overload protections.
  • Mechanical strength and hazard prevention.
  • Markings including rated speed, accessory capacity, spindle thread size, and safety warnings such as mandatory eye protection.
  • Clear indication of spindle rotation direction.

• Testing Protocols

  • Robust test conditions to verify electrical and mechanical safety.
  • Endurance testing and abnormal operation assessments.
  • Controls for leakage currents, heating, and moisture resistance.

• Construction and Components

  • Requirements for internal wiring, supply connections, and components integrity.
  • Ensures mechanical and electrical design prevents failures.

• Additional Annexes

  • Includes specific provisions for battery tools and battery packs.

---

Practical Applications

IEC 60745-2-23:2012 is highly valuable in ensuring the safety and reliability of die grinders and small rotary tools used across various industries such as:

• Manufacturing and Metalworking: Die grinders used for deburring, grinding, polishing, and surface finishing.
• Automotive Repair and Maintenance: For precise grinding and sanding tasks.
• Jewelry and Craftsmanship: Small rotary tools used for carving, polishing, and intricate detailing.
• Construction and Woodworking: Sanding and grinding with mounted abrasive accessories.

Manufacturers can leverage this standard to develop products that meet international safety norms, reducing risks of injury from electrical faults, mechanical failures, or improper use. End-users benefit from clear safety markings and instructions, minimizing hazards during tool operation.

---

Related IEC Standards

• IEC 60745-1: General requirements for hand-held motor-operated electric tools. IEC 60745-2-23 supplements this core document.
• IEC 60745-2-3: Safety requirements for straight and vertical grinders, distinct from the rotary tools in IEC 60745-2-23.
• ISO 603-12: Bonded abrasive products dimensions relevant for grinding wheels used with these tools.
• Other parts in the IEC 60745 series, which cover various types of electric hand-held tools ensuring consistency in safety standards.

---

Keywords: Die grinders, small rotary tools, hand-held motor-operated electric tools, safety standards, IEC 60745-2-23, grinding, sanding, mounted accessories, electric tool safety, rated speed, mechanical strength, personal protective equipment, accessory size limits, spindle rotation, electrical safety testing, battery-powered tools.

---

Adherence to IEC 60745-2-23:2012 helps prevent accidents and equipment damage, promoting a safer work environment while maintaining high-quality tool performance across industries worldwide. For comprehensive safety compliance, it is essential to consult this standard alongside IEC 60745-1 and related documents.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 60745-2-23 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Hand-held motor-operated electric tools – Safety –
Part 2-23: Particular requirements for die grinders and small rotary tools

Outils électroportatifs à moteur – Sécurité –
Partie 2-23: Exigences particulières relatives aux meuleuses d'outillage et aux
petits outils rotatifs
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur.
Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette
publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Central Office Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé Fax: [phone]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 [e-mail]
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

Useful links:
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and
committee,…). definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in
It also gives information on projects, replaced and additional languages. Also known as the International
withdrawn publications. Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line.

IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication
details all new publications released. Available on-line and or need further assistance, please contact the
also once a month by email. Customer Service Centre: [e-mail].

A propos de la CEI
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.

A propos des publications CEI
Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez
l’édition la plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.

Liens utiles:
Recherche de publications CEI - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
La recherche avancée vous permet de trouver des Le premier dictionnaire en ligne au monde de termes
publications CEI en utilisant différents critères (numéro de électroniques et électriques. Il contient plus de 30 000
référence, texte, comité d’études,…). termes et définitions en anglais et en français, ainsi que
Elle donne aussi des informations sur les projets et les les termes équivalents dans les langues additionnelles.
publications remplacées ou retirées. Egalement appelé Vocabulaire Electrotechnique
International (VEI) en ligne.
Just Published CEI - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Service Clients - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications de la CEI.
Just Published détaille les nouvelles publications parues. Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur
Disponible en ligne et aussi une fois par mois par email. cette publication ou si vous avez des questions
contactez-nous: [e-mail].
IEC 60745-2-23 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Hand-held motor-operated electric tools – Safety –

Part 2-23: Particular requirements for die grinders and small rotary tools

Outils électroportatifs à moteur – Sécurité –

Partie 2-23: Exigences particulières relatives aux meuleuses d'outillage et aux

petits outils rotatifs
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX Q
ICS 25.140; 25.140.30 ISBN 978-2-83220-512-9

– 2 – 60745-2-23 © IEC:2012
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 General requirements . 6
5 General conditions for the tests . 6
6 Void . 6
7 Classification . 6
8 Marking and instructions . 6
9 Protection against access to live parts . 11
10 Starting . 11
11 Input and current . 11
12 Heating. 11
13 Leakage current . 11
14 Moisture resistance . 11
15 Electric strength . 11
16 Overload protection of transformers and associated circuits . 11
17 Endurance . 11
18 Abnormal operation . 11
19 Mechanical hazards . 12
20 Mechanical strength . 13
21 Construction . 13
22 Internal wiring . 13
23 Components . 13
24 Supply connection and external flexible cords . 14
25 Terminals for external conductors . 14
26 Provision for earthing . 14
27 Screws and connections . 14
28 Creepage distances, clearances and distances through insulation . 14
29 Resistance to heat, fire and tracking . 14
30 Resistance to rusting . 14
31 Radiation, toxicity and similar hazards . 14
Annexes . 16
Annex K (normative) Battery tools and battery packs . 16
Bibliography . 17

Figure 101 – Wheel overhang . 15

60745-2-23 © IEC:2012 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HAND-HELD MOTOR-OPERATED ELECTRIC TOOLS –
SAFETY –
Part 2-23: Particular requirements for
die grinders and small rotary tools

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60745-2-23 has been prepared IEC technical committee 116:
Safety of motor-operated electric tools.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
116/111/FDIS 116/120/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

– 4 – 60745-2-23 © IEC:2012
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60745-1 and its
amendments. It was established on the basis of the fourth edition (2006) of that standard.
NOTE 1 When “Part 1” is mentioned in this standard, it refers to IEC 60745-1.
This part 2 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses in IEC 60745-1, so as to
convert that publication into the IEC standard: Safety requirements for die grinders and small
rotary tools.
When a particular subclause of Part 1 is not mentioned in this part 2, that subclause applies
as far as is reasonable. When this standard states “addition”, “modification” or “replacement”,
the relevant text in Part 1 is to be adapted accordingly.
NOTE 2 The following numbering system is used:
– subclauses, tables and figures that are numbered starting from 101 are additional to those in Part 1;
– unless notes are in a new subclause or involve notes in Part 1, they are numbered starting from 101, including
those in a replaced clause or subclause;
– additional annexes are lettered AA, BB, etc.
NOTE 3 In this standard, the following print types are used:
– requirements: in roman type;
– test specifications: in italic type;
– notes: in small roman type.
Words in bold in the text are defined in Clause 3. When a definition concerns an adjective, the adjective and the
associated noun are also in bold.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60745 series, under the general title: Hand-held motor-operated
electric tools – Safety, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
60745-2-23 © IEC:2012 – 5 –
HAND-HELD MOTOR-OPERATED ELECTRIC TOOLS –
SAFETY –
Part 2-23: Particular requirements for
die grinders and small rotary tools

1 Scope
This clause of Part 1 is applicable, except as follows:
Addition:
This standard applies to die grinders and small rotary tools for mounted accessories not
exceeding 55 mm in diameter and mounted sanding accessories not exceeding 80 mm in
diameter such as
– threaded cones or plugs that are threaded on a mandrel with an unrelieved shoulder
flange,
– mandrel mounted wheels, and
– rotary files
with a rated speed not exceeding a peripheral speed of the accessory of 80 m/s at rated
capacity.
This standard does not apply to straight and vertical grinders utilizing flanges for driving an
abrasive accessory. Those tools are covered by IEC 60745-2-3.
2 Normative references
This clause of Part 1 is applicable except as follows:
Addition:
ISO 603-12, Bonded abrasive products – Dimensions – Part 12: Grinding wheels for deburring
and fettling on a straight grinder
3 Terms and definitions
This clause of Part 1 is applicable, except as follows:
3.101
cones and plugs
organic or inorganic bonded abrasives of various shapes and sizes with a threaded insert
3.102
die grinder
tool with the rotating spindle in-line with the motor shaft equipped with a collet or chuck
intended for use with mounted wheels or threaded mandrel mounted cones and plugs

– 6 – 60745-2-23 © IEC:2012
3.103
mounted wheels
organic or inorganic bonded abrasives of various shapes and sizes that are permanently
mounted on a mandrel
3.104
rated capacity
maximum diameter of the rotating accessory to be fitted on the tool as specified by the
manufacturer’s instruction
3.105
rated speed
maximum attainable speed as designated by the manufacturer, with any accessory permitted
by the manufacturer’s instructions installed, at rated voltage or at the upper limit of the rated
voltage range
3.106
rotary tool
tool having a collet or chuck capacity not exceeding 4 mm and without any gear or other
mechanical speed reduction, to be fitted with a variety of accessories for grinding, cutting,
drilling, carving, polishing, brushing, etc.
3.107
wheel types
wheels for different applications in accordance with ISO 603-12
4 General requirements
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
5 General conditions for the tests
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
6 Void
7 Classification
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
8 Marking and instructions
This clause of Part 1 is applicable, except as follows:
8.1 Addition:
Tools shall also be marked with:
– rated speed in revolutions per minute;
– rated capacity of accessories in mm;
– tools provided with a threaded spindle shall be marked with the spindle thread size;
– “ WARNING Always wear eye protection” or sign M004 of ISO 7010 or the following
safety sign:
60745-2-23 © IEC:2012 – 7 –
The eye protection symbol may be modified by adding other personal protective
equipment such as ear protection, dust mask, etc;
– indication of direction of rotation of the spindle. This shall be indicated by an arrow, raised
or sunk, or by any other means no less visible and indelible.
8.6 Addition:
n……………………….rated speed
8.12.1 Addition:
For the following safety instructions specified in 8.12.1.101 to 8.12.1.104, the terms such as
grinding/grinder, sanding/sander, wire brushing/wire brush, polishing/polisher, carving/carving
tool or cutting-off/cut-off tool, are selected as recommended by the manufacturer. These
terms in the warnings and headings shall be consistently used or deleted based on the
selected operations. The “and”/“or” conjunctions may be used as appropriate.
If the power tool is recommended only for one of the listed operations, the heading of that
section is to be used for all warnings.
8.12.1.101 Safety instructions for all operations
Safety warnings common for grinding, sanding, wire brushing, polishing, carving or
abrasive cutting-off operations:
NOTE In the above heading those operations not applicable are omitted.
a) This power tool is intended to function as a grinder, sander, wire brush, polisher,
carving or cut-off tool. Read all safety warnings, instructions, illustrations and
specifications provided with this power tool. Failure to follow all instructions listed
below may result in electric shock, fire and/or serious injury.
NOTE List only those operations that are applicable.
b) Operations such as grinding, sanding, wire brushing, polishing or cutting-off are
not recommended to be performed with this power tool. Operations for which the
power tool was not designed may create a hazard and cause personal injury.
NOTE List only those operations that were not included in the first warning. If all listed operations are
applicable, then this warning is omitted, but all subsequent warnings are given without exclusion.
c) Do not use accessories which are not specifically designed and recommended by
the tool manufacturer. Just because the accessory can be attached to your power tool, it
does not assure safe operation.
d) The rated speed of the grinding accessories must be at least equal to the maximum
speed marked on the power tool. Grinding accessories running faster than their rated
speed can break and fly apart.
e) The outside diameter and the thickness of your accessory must be within the
capacity rating of your power tool. Incorrectly sized accessories cannot be adequately
controlled.
f) The arbour size of wheels, sanding drums or any other accessory must properly fit
the spindle or collet of the power tool. Accessories that do not match the mounting
hardware of the power tool will run out of balance, vibrate excessively and may cause loss
of control.
– 8 – 60745-2-23 © IEC:2012
g) Mandrel mounted wheels, sanding drums, cutters or other accessories must be fully
inserted into the collet or chuck. If the mandrel is insufficiently held and/or the
overhang of the wheel is too long, the mounted wheel may become loose and be ejected
at high velocity.
h) Do not use a damaged accessory. Before each use inspect the accessory such as
abrasive wheels for chips and cracks, sanding drum for cracks, tear or excess wear,
wire brush for loose or cracked wires. If power tool or accessory is dropped, inspect
for damage or install an undamaged accessory. After inspecting and installing an
accessory, position yourself and bystanders away from the plane of the rotating
accessory and run the power tool at maximum no-load speed for one minute.
Damaged accessories will normally break apart during this test time.
i) Wear personal protective equipment. Depending on application, use face shield,
safety goggles or safety glasses. As appropriate, wear dust mask, hearing
protectors, gloves and workshop apron capable of stopping small abrasive or
workpiece fragments. The eye protection must be capable of stopping flying debris
generated by various operations. The dust mask or respirator must be capable of filtrating
particles generated by your operation. Prolonged exposure to high intensity noise may
cause hearing loss.
j) Keep bystanders a safe distance away from work area. Anyone entering the work
area must wear personal protective equipment. Fragments of workpiece or of a broken
accessory may fly away and cause injury beyond immediate area of operation.
k) Hold power tool by insulated gripping surfaces only, when performing an operation
where the cutting accessory may contact hidden wiring or its own cord. Cutting
accessory contacting a "live" wire may make exposed metal parts of the power tool "live"
and could give the operator an electric shock.
NOTE The above warning is omitted if polishing is the only recommended operation.
l) Always hold the tool firmly in your hand(s) during the start-up. The reaction torque of
the motor, as it accelerates to full speed, can cause the tool to twist.
m) Use clamps to support workpiece whenever practical. Never hold a small workpiece
in one hand and the tool in the other hand while in use. Clamping a small workpiece
allows you to use your hand(s) to control the tool. Round material such as dowel rods,
pipes or tubing have a tendency to roll while being cut, and may cause the bit to bind or
jump toward you.
n) Position the cord clear of the spinning accessory. If you lose control, the cord may be
cut or snagged and your hand or arm may be pulled into the spinning accessory.
o) Never lay the power tool down until the accessory has come to a complete stop. The
spinning accessory may grab the surface and pull the power tool out of your control.
p) After changing the bits or making any adjustments, make sure the collet nut, chuck
or any other adjustment devices are securely tightened. Loose adjustment devices
can unexpectedly shift, causing loss of control, loose rotating components will be violently
thrown.
q) Do not run the power tool while carrying it at your side. Accidental contact with the
spinning accessory could snag your clothing, pulling the accessory into your body.
r) Regularly clean the power tool’s air vents. The motor’s fan will draw the dust inside the
housing and excessive accumulation of powdered metal may cause electrical hazards.
s) Do not operate the power tool near flammable materials. Sparks could ignite these
materials.
t) Do not use accessories that require liquid coolants. Using water or other liquid
coolants may result in electrocution or shock.
NOTE The above warning does not apply for power tools specifically designed for use with a liquid system.
8.12.1.102 Further safety instructions for all operations
Kickback and related warnings
60745-2-23 © IEC:2012 – 9 –
Kickback is a sudden reaction to a pinched or snagged rotating wheel, sanding band, brush or
any other accessory. Pinching or snagging causes rapid stalling of the rotating accessory
which in turn causes the uncontrolled power tool to be forced in the direction opposite of the
accessory’s rotation.
For example, if an abrasive wheel is snagged or pinched by the workpiece, the edge of the
wheel that is entering into the pinch point can dig into the surface of the material causing the
wheel to climb out or kick out. The wheel may either jump toward or away from the operator,
depending on direction of the wheel’s movement at the point of pinching. Abrasive wheels
may also break under these conditions.
Kickback is the result of power tool misuse and/or incorrect operating procedures or
conditions and can be avoided by taking proper precautions as given below.
a) Maintain a firm grip on the power tool and position your body and arm to allow you
to resist kickback forces. The operator can control kickback forces, if proper precautions
are taken.
b) Use special care when working corners, sharp edges etc. Avoid bouncing and
snagging the accessory. Corners, sharp edges or bouncing have a tendency to snag the
rotating accessory and cause loss of control or kickback.
c) Do not attach a toothed saw blade. Such blades create frequent kickback and loss of
control.
d) Always feed the bit into the material in the same direction as the cutting edge is
exiting from the material (which is the same direction as the chips are thrown).
Feeding the tool in the wrong direction causes the cutting edge of the bit to climb out of
the work and pull the tool in the direction of this feed.
e) When using rotary files, cut-off wheels, high-speed cutters or tungsten carbide
cutters, always have the work securely clamped. These wheels will grab if they
become slightly canted in the groove, and can kickback. When a cut-off wheel grabs, the
wheel itself usually breaks. When a rotary file, high-speed cutter or tungsten carbide
cutter grabs, it may jump from the groove and you could lose control of the tool.
NOTE Only those accessories are listed that are permitted to be used with the tool.
8.12.1.103 Additional safety instructions for grinding and cutting-off operations
Safety warnings specific for grinding and abrasive cutting-off operations:
a) Use only wheel types that are recommended for your power tool and only for
recommended applications. For example: do not grind with the side of a cut-off
wheel. Abrasive cut-off wheels are intended for peripheral grinding, side forces applied to
these wheels may cause them to shatter.
b) For threaded abrasive cones and plugs use only undamaged wheel mandrels with an
unrelieved shoulder flange that are of correct size and length. Proper mandrels will
reduce the possibility of breakage.
c) Do not “jam” a cut-off wheel or apply excessive pressure. Do not attempt to make an
excessive depth of cut. Overstressing the wheel increases the loading and susceptibility
to twisting or snagging of the wheel in the cut and the possibility of kickback or wheel
breakage.
d) Do not position your hand in line with and behind the rotating wheel. When the
wheel, at the point of operation, is moving away from your hand, the possible kickback
may propel the spinning wheel and the power tool directly at you.
e) When wheel is pinched, snagged or when interrupting a cut for any reason, switch
off the power tool and hold the power tool motionless until the wheel comes to a
complete stop. Never attempt to remove the cut-off wheel from the cut while the
wheel is in motion otherwise kickback may occur. Investigate and take corrective
action to eliminate the cause of wheel pinching or snagging.

– 10 – 60745-2-23 © IEC:2012
f) Do not restart the cutting operation in the workpiece. Let the wheel reach full speed
and carefully re-enter the cut. The wheel may bind, walk up or kickback if the power tool
is restarted in the workpiece.
g) Support panels or any oversized workpiece to minimize the risk of wheel pinching
and kickback. Large workpieces tend to sag under their own weight. Supports must be
placed under the workpiece near the line of cut and near the edge of the workpiece on
both sides of the wheel.
h) Use extra caution when making a “pocket cut” into existing walls or other blind
areas. The protruding wheel may cut gas or water pipes, electrical wiring or objects that
can cause kickback.
8.12.1.104 Additional safety instructions for wire brushing operations
NOTE If wire brushing operation is not recommended by the manufacturer, this subclause is omitted.
Safety warnings specific for wire brushing operations:
a) Be aware that wire bristles are thrown by the brush even during ordinary operation.
Do not overstress the wires by applying excessive load to the brush. The wire
bristles can easily penetrate light clothing and/or skin.
b) Allow brushes to run at operating speed for at least one minute before using them.
During this time no one is to stand in front or in line with the brush. Loose bristles or
wires will be discharged during the run-in time.
c) Direct the discharge of the spinning wire brush away from you. Small particles and
tiny wire fragments may be discharged at high velocity during the use of these brushes
and may become imbedded in your skin.
8.12.2 a) Addition:
101) Types of accessories in accordance with 8.12.1.101 a)
8.12.2 b) Addition:
101) Instruction on mounting of accessories and use and care of abrasive products
102) Instruction on proper insertion of the mandrels into the collet or chuck, information
about the maximum allowable overhang and information about the maximum mandrel
length
103) Instruction on the use of all the different types of wheels specified in the instructions in
accordance with 8.12.2 a) 101), e.g. side grinding, peripheral grinding
104) Instruction to properly support the workpiece
105) Instruction on proper handling of the tool depending on the operation (one or two
handed control)
106) In case of cones or plugs with a threaded hole intended to be mounted on a threaded
mandrel, critical dimensions and other data shall be given in order to prevent the
mandrel end from touching the bottom of the hole of the abrasive product
107) Instruction that the maximum recommended diameter of mounted wheels, threaded
cones and plugs shall not exceed 55 mm and that the maximum recommended
diameter of sanding accessories shall not exceed 80 mm
8.12.2 c) Addition:
101) Storage and handling of recommended accessories
8.101 Tools shall also be marked with an indication of direction of rotation of the spindle.
This shall be indicated by an arrow, raised or sunk, or by any other means no less visible and
indelible.
60745-2-23 © IEC:2012 – 11 –
8.102 Tools designed for operation at more than one speed shall be marked with clearly
identifiable symbols for each of the speed settings in such a way that in conjunction with the
instruction manual it is clear which speed corresponds with each of the settings.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
9 Protection against access to live parts
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
10 Starting
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
11 Input and current
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
12 Heating
This clause of Part 1 is applicable, except as follows:
12.4 Replacement:
The tool is operated at rated input or rated current for 30 min. The temperature rises are
measured at the end of the 30 min.
13 Leakage current
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
14 Moisture resistance
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
15 Electric strength
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
16 Overload protection of transformers and associated circuits
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
17 Endurance
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
18 Abnormal operation
This clause of Part 1 is applicable, except as follows:

– 12 – 60745-2-23 © IEC:2012
18.10.4 Addition:
During these tests, the speed of the spindle shall not exceed 120 % of the rated speed. The
accessory in accordance with 8.12.2 a) 101) that results in the maximum speed shall be
installed.
19 Mechanical hazards
This clause of Part 1 is applicable, except as follows:
19.6 Replacement:
The tool shall be designed so as to prevent excessive speed under normal use. The speed of
the tool shall not exceed the rated speed under any operating condition.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by measuring the speed after the tool is operated
for a period of 5 min. The recommended accessory that produces the maximum speed shall
be installed. If the tool is provided with a load sensitive speed control, then an accessory
need not be installed to load the tool to find maximum speed.
19.101 The tool shall be designed so as to prevent the accessory from coming loose under
normal use.
The collets and chuck shall be designed to allow insertion of the mandrel to the full depth of
the gripping jaws of the collet or chuck and at least 50 % of the maximum mandrel length
specified by the manufacturer in accordance with 8.12.2 b) 2) to limit the amount of the wheel
overhang as illustrated in Figure 101.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
19.102 Spindles shall be designed so that they provide for or aid in securing and driving the
accessories designed for the tool.
The direction of spindle threads or the design of an equivalent securing means shall be such
that any clamping device, collet, chuck or wheel with threaded hole tends to tighten during
operation.
Threaded spindles intended for direct mounting of wheels with threaded holes shall be
designed with unrelieved flange shoulders to prevent the spindle from bottoming out in the
threaded hole of the wheel.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
19.103 The unbalance of any rotating accessory shall be limited.
For tools with spindles intended for direct mounting of accessories, the eccentricity of the
spindle shall be less than 0,1 mm.
For tools that use collets or chucks with a maximum capacity of 5 mm or more for mounting
accessories, the eccentricity shall be less than:
–1
;
• 0,15 mm for rated speeds less than 25 000 min
–1
• 0,10 mm for rated speeds 25 000 min and higher.
For tools that use collets or chucks with a maximum capacity of less than 5 mm for mounting
accessories, the eccentricity shall be less than:

60745-2-23 © IEC:2012 – 13 –
–1
• 0,45 mm for rated speeds less than 25 000 min ;
–1
• 0,30 mm for rated speeds 25 000 min and higher.
Compliance is checked by measurement. A true concentric steel pin is mounted in accordance
with 8.12.2 b) 102), fully inserted in the collet or chuck. The pin’s eccentricity is measured as
the difference between the maximum and minimum reading of the indicator at 10 mm and at
20 mm from the end of the collet or chuck.
20 Mechanical strength
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
21 Construction
This clause of Part 1 is applicable, except as follows:
21.18.2 Replacement:
The switches shall be so located or designed that inadvertent operation is unlikely to occur
during lifting, carrying or placing the tool on a horizontal flat surface.
It shall either not be possible to start the tool when a rigid sphere with a diameter of
(100 ± 1) mm is applied to the switch perpendicularly to the tool’s surface where the switch is
mounted;
and
the grasping surface immediately in front of or behind the switch shall be a minimum of 70 mm
in length;
or
the switch shall have two separate and dissimilar actions before the motor is switched on (e.g.
a switch which has to be pushed in before it can be moved laterally to close the contacts to
start the motor).
Compliance is checked by inspection and manual test.
21.101 The total mass of a rotary tool designed for single hand operation shall be, without
any accessory fitted, less than 1 kg.
Compliance is checked by inspection and measurement. The mass is measured without
flexible cable or cord.
22 Internal wiring
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
23 Components
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.

– 14 – 60745-2-23 © IEC:2012
24 Supply connection and external flexible cords
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
25 Terminals for external conductors
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
26 Provision for earthing
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
27 Screws and connections
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
28 Creepage distances, clearances and distances through insulation
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
29 Resistance to heat, fire and tracking
This clause of Part 1 is applicable, except as follows:
29.3 Addition:
Die grinders are considered to be subjected to severe duty conditions.
30 Resistance to rusting
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.
31 Radiation, toxicity and similar hazards
This clause of Part 1 is applicable.

60745-2-23 © IEC:2012 – 15 –
O O
O O
IEC  2263/12
Key
O Overhang
Figure 101 – Wheel overhang
– 16 – 60745-2-23 © IEC:2012
Annexes
The annexes of Part 1 are applicable except as follows.
Annex K
(normative)
Battery tools and battery packs
K.1 Addition:
All clauses of this part 2 apply unless otherwise specified in this annex.
K.8.12.1.101 Safety instructions for all operations
Replacement of item k):
k) Hold power tool by insulated gripping surfaces only, when performing an operation
where the cutting accessory may contact hidden wiring. Cutting accessory contacting
a "live" wire may make exposed metal parts of the power tool "live" and could give the
operator an electric shock.
NOTE The above warning is omitted if polishing is the only recommended operation.
Item n) is not applicable.
K.12.4 This subclause of this part 2 is not applicable.
K.29.3 This subclause of this part 2 is not applicable.

60745-2-23 © IEC:2012 – 17 –
Bibliography
The bibliography of Part 1 is applicable except as follows:
Addition:
IEC 60745-2-3, Hand-held motor-operated electric tools – Safety – Part 2-3: Particular
requirements for grinders, polishers and disk-type sanders

____________
– 18 – 60745-2-23 © CEI:2012
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 19
1 Domaine d’application . 21
2 Références normatives . 21
3 Termes et définitions . 21
4 Règles générales . 22
5 Conditions générales d’essai . 22
6 Vacant . 22
7 Classification . 22
8 Marquage et indications . 22
9 Protection contre l’accès aux parties actives . 27
10 Démarrage . 28
11 Puissance et courant . 28
12 Échauffements . 28
13 Courant de fuite . 28
14 Résistance à l’humidité . 28
15 Rigidité diélectrique . 28
16 Protection contre la surcharge des transformateurs et des circuits associés . 28
17 Endurance . 28
18 Fonctionnement anormal . 28
19 Dangers mécaniques . 28
20 Résistance mécanique . 30
21 Construction . 30
22 Conducteurs internes . 30
23 Composants . 30
24 Raccordement au réseau et câbles souples extérieurs . 30
25 Bornes pour conducteurs externes . 31
26 Dispositions de mise à la terre . 31
27 Vis et connexions . 31
28 Lignes de fuite, distances dans l’air et dist
...