IEC TR 63196:2020
(Main)Switchgear and controlgear and their assemblies for low-voltage - Energy efficiency
Switchgear and controlgear and their assemblies for low-voltage - Energy efficiency
IEC TR 63196:2020 is following the principles of IEC Guide 119. This document defines the energy efficiency aspects of switchgear and controlgear products complying with IEC 60947 (all parts), IEC 61095 and IEC 62626 (all parts), and associated assemblies complying with IEC 61439 (all parts), in the context of the overall system energy efficiency. This document references energy policy aspects, as well as product and system aspects.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC TR 63196
®
Edition 1.0 2020-01
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Switchgear and controlgear and their assemblies for low voltage –
Energy efficiency
IEC TR 63196:2020-01(en)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
Copyright © 2020 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional languages.
and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
details all new publications released. Available online and 67 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
once a month by email. French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or CISPR.
need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IEC TR 63196
®
Edition 1.0 2020-01
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Switchgear and controlgear and their assemblies for low voltage –
Energy efficiency
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 27.015; 29.130.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-7796-6
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – IEC TR 63196:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Contribution of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear and their assemblies to
energy efficiency . 9
5 General concepts of energy efficiency . 9
5.1 Concept of energy efficiency system . 9
5.1.1 System considerations . 9
5.1.2 System boundary description . 10
5.2 Limits of the energy efficiency concept . 11
5.2.1 Electrical energy efficiency and safety . 11
5.2.2 Availability of electrical energy and user decision . 11
6 Energy efficiency for switchgear, controlgear and their assemblies . 11
6.1 General . 11
6.2 Energy efficiency management system/optimization of the overall energy
consumption . 14
6.2.1 Optimization of energy consumption . 14
6.2.2 Electrical energy efficiency management . 14
6.2.3 Economic aspects . 16
6.2.4 Systems approach . 16
6.3 Energy efficiency measures . 17
6.3.1 Load shedding system (in combination with peak shaving) . 17
6.3.2 Benefit of fixed speed motor control systems . 18
6.3.3 Losses in switchgear and controlgear . 19
6.3.4 Minimization of semiconductor controller losses . 20
6.3.5 Power factor correction . 20
6.3.6 Energy efficiency of assemblies . 20
Bibliography . 22
Figure 1 – Overview of energy efficiency management . 5
Figure 2 – Key elements in energy efficiency definition . 10
Figure 3 – Role of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear in energy efficiency
management . 12
Figure 4 – Energy efficiency landscape concerning switchgear and controlgear and
their assemblies . 13
Figure 5 – Useful energy, energy loss and recovered energy . 17
Figure 6 – Poor and good energy efficiency practice in assembly layout . 21
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
IEC TR 63196:2020 © IEC 2020 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR
AND THEIR ASSEMBLIES FOR LOW VOLTAGE – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC TR 63196, which is a technical report, has been prepared by committee 121: Switchgear
and controlgear and their assemblies for low voltage.
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
121/44/DTR 121/47A/RVDTR
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report
on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
– 4 – IEC TR 63196:2020 © IEC 2020
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
IEC TR 63196:2020 © IEC 2020 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
Energy efficiency (EE) is a horizontal topic spanning the IEC domain and may be dealt with in
standards in various forms across a wide range of technologies and for different products,
processes and services.
The horizontal nature of the topic and increasing integration of products, processes and
services entering the market implies that standard writers identify which aspects of energy
efficiency are relevant for standardization, and:
– use a systematic approach (see lEC Guide 119);
– adopt a systems approach.
The objective of an energy efficiency management system is to improve continuously the energy
performance of an energy using system such as a production facility or an office building. As
shown below in Figure 1 (see dark blue boxes), it is based on the particular organization's
energy policy, supporting energy objectives and it is implemented by processes (planning,
operations, assessment, etc.) to achieve those objectives.
Figure 1 – Overview of energy efficiency management
Many types of equipment, including switchgear and controlgear and their assemblies, depicted
in the light blue boxes in Figure 1, make an important contribution to the overall energy
efficiency of a system.
This document aims to give guidance to product standards writers and other interested parties
on the way energy efficiency should be considered for switchgear and controlgear and their
assemblies.
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
– 6 – IEC TR 63196:2020 © IEC 2020
By following this document, experts in standards will be encouraged to:
– consider energy efficiency aspects in their product standards and any associated
publications;
– use a structured method;
– use a systems approach;
– support the dissemination of energy efficient technologies;
– accelerate the uptake of the next generation of energy efficient technologies;
– create the prerequisites for energy efficiency through enabling technologies.
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
IEC TR 63196:2020 © IEC 2020 – 7 –
SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR
AND THEIR ASSEMBLIES FOR LOW VOLTAGE –ENERGY EFFICIENCY
1 Scope
This document is following the principles of IEC Guide 119. This document defines the energy
efficiency aspects of switchgear and controlgear products complying with IEC 60947 (all parts),
IEC 61095 and IEC 62626 (all parts), and associated assemblies complying with IEC 61439 (all
parts), in the context of the overall system energy efficiency. This document references energy
policy aspects, as well as product and system aspects.
This document generally assumes electrical energy input, whereas the output can be a number
of different products and/or services.
This document:
– helps to harmonize the energy efficiency requirements and guidance in product standards;
– raises awareness that provisions in publications can generally influence energy efficiency;
– helps to identify energy efficiency aspects;
– promotes the use of a systems approach to energy efficiency.
Other than energy efficiency aspects, this document does not cover environmental impacts (see
IEC TS 63058).
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
energy management
coordinated activities directing and controlling the energy use of an entity
3.2
energy management system
EnMS
set of interrelated or interacting elements to establish an energy policy and energy objectives,
and processes and procedures to achieve those objectives
[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.9]
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
– 8 – IEC TR 63196:2020 © IEC 2020
3.3
energy efficiency
EE
ratio or other quantitative relationship between an output of performance, service, goods or
energy, and an input of energy taking into account the driving parameters and the boundaries
Note 1 to entry: Both input and output need to be clearly specified in quantity and quality, and be measurable.
EXAMPLE Conversion efficiency; energy required/energy used; output/input; theoretical energy used to
operate/energy used to operate.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13273-1:2015, 3.4.1, modified – Insertion of “taking into account the driving
parameters and the boundaries”, symbol “E ” renamed to “EE”, and “Efficiency conversion
f
energy” renamed to “Conversion efficiency” in example.]
3.4
recovered energy
energy that is withdrawn from system energy loss to become applied energy at another energy
using system
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13273-1:2015, 3.1.11.2.1]
3.5
load
electric equipment intended to convert electric energy into another form of energy, for example
light, heat, mechanical energy
3.6
peak shaving
process in an electrical system intended to not exceed a maximum overall energy demand
Note 1 to entry: Peak shaving can be obtained by planning of energy needs within the manufacturing system or
load shedding or autonomous energy production.
[SOURCE: IEC TR 62837:2013, 3.3.8]
3.7
load shedding
process of deliberately disconnecting preselected loads from a power system in order to
maintain a certain performance level
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-603:1986, 603-04-32, modified – “the integrity of the remainder of the
system” replaced by “a certain performance level”.]
3.8
energy performance
measurable results related to energy efficiency, energy use and energy consumption
Note 1 to entry: Energy performance can be improved by reducing the energy consumption and/or improving the
energy efficiency.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13273-1:2015, 3.3.1, modified – New Note 1 to entry.]
3.9
energy efficiency improvement
increase in energy efficiency as a result of technological, design, behavioural or economic
changes
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13273-1:2015, 3.4.3]
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
IEC TR 63196:2020 © IEC 2020 – 9 –
3.10
energy policy
statement by the organization of its overall intentions and direction of an organization related
to its energy performance, as formally expressed by top management
Note 1 to entry: The energy policy provides a framework for action and for the setting of energy objectives and
energy targets.
[SOURCE: ISO 50001:2011, 3.14]
3.11
energy control centre
ECC
switchgear and controlgear assembly designed to manage different types of energy sources
and/or their loads
4 Contribution of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear and their assemblies
to energy efficiency
Many energy-efficient technologies and solutions are already available and cost-effective;
nevertheless, a lack of awareness may slow down the deployment of these technologies and
impedes harvesting their energy efficiency potential. In this context, switchgear and controlgear
can be used as resources (see Figure 1) for three different roles:
1) controlling the electrical (energy-using) loads in an efficient way;
2) source control: selecting, connecting or disconnecting the source of energy, as appropriate;
3) monitoring, measuring, analysing such as:
• the availability of energy sources;
• the power from each source and the power consumed by each load, including power
quality;
• sensing other environmental inputs (temperature, overload conditions, etc.).
5 General concepts of energy efficiency
5.1 Concept of energy efficiency system
5.1.1 System considerations
Energy efficiency relates the output of an activity to its energy input, for a given system. The
input can be expressed in various energy units (kWh, etc.), while the output may not be
necessarily expressed in energy units and covers a wide range of activities and services,for
example controlling a load (switch on/switch off/protect/monitor), providing data, etc. See
Figure 2.
It is key for energy efficiency not to reduce the given service but to optimize the energy input
for a given service.
NOTE Implementation of energy efficiency measures can be based on energy price consideration.
It should be noted that:
– energy efficiency may vary when the system changes;
– energy efficiency may vary and degrade in time.
EXAMPLE A system boundary to measure EE could be an electric motor itself or a motor-pump combination or the
whole pumping system, consisting of a motor, a pump and the pipe installation.
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
– 10 – IEC TR 63196:2020 © IEC 2020
SOURCE: Figure 1 of IEC Guide 118:2017.
Figure 2 – Key elements in energy efficiency definition
5.1.2 System boundary description
5.1.2.1 General
The system boundary should be adequately described in any publication dealing with energy
efficiency.
System boundaries should be defined in terms of:
– intended use (relevant applications);
– energy inputs;
– outputs;
– driving parameters;
– EE related key performance indicators (KPIs);
– interactions between components of the system;
– possible interactions with other systems.
Boundaries can include a device, a product or a system depending on the application
considered. System boundaries may include:
• the physical limits;
• communication interfaces;
• any measurable inputs and outputs.
5.1.2.2 Input
Amount of electrical power input to the system.
5.1.2.3 Output
Output is the intended service plus any recovered energy for subsequent use.
5.1.2.4 Driving parameters
The driving parameters shall be defined. These are all external factors that affect energy
efficiency and include, for example: regulation, environmental conditions, energy prices and
management requirements, mode of operation, duty cycle, load curves, state, operating
parameters, indoor temperature, lighting levels, production volume, range of products.
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
IEC TR 63196:2020 © IEC 2020 – 11 –
5.1.2.5 Energy efficiency related KPI(s)
Suitable key performance indicators (KPIs) should be provided, typically as defined by the
energy policy (see Figure 1).
EXAMPLE KPI = quantified amount of service/unit of energy used.
5.2 Limits of the energy efficiency concept
5.2.1 Electrical energy efficiency and safety
The safety of persons, property and livestock remains of prime importance compared to the
energy efficiency statements. Consequently, all guidance to achieve energy efficiency shall not
impair the safety requirements included in relevant standards.
5.2.2 Availability of electrical energy and user decision
Energy efficiency management shall not reduce electrical availability and/or services or
operation below the level needed by the user and/or defined by the product standard.
It is recognized that the users of the electrical system should be able to take the final decision
whether or not to use the most efficient service.
At any time, the users should be able to make an exemption and to use the service in
accordance with their needs while being aware that this can be less efficient than expected.
EXAMPLE 1 If someone is ill, the user can decide to heat the room at a higher temperature, even during peak
consumption.
EXAMPLE 2 If a company receives an urgent delivery order, the workshop can need to work at an unscheduled
hour.
6 Energy efficiency for switchgear, controlgear and their assemblies
6.1 General
the usage of the energy
An energy efficiency and load management system optimizes
consumed, taking into account the loads, local production and energy storage and user
requirements.
Low-voltage electrical installations are evolving towards prosumer’s electrical installations (PEI)
as reported in IEC 60364-8-2. The concept of a PEI includes local (renewable) energy sources
and/or storage units. This concept is based on the central role of the end-user to control (via
an ECC) its usage of electrical energy considering its needs and the effects on the distribution
system operator’s supply requirements (DSO). The end-user should be able to permanently
monitor and control its own electricity consumption and its own electricity production through
an active energy management system. This system is intended to balance the local
consumption with the local production and the supply from/to the DSO.
Figure 3 shows the scheme of the energy management system to be implemented in an
electrical installation in accordance with IEC 60364-8-1 in order to enable the energy efficiency
to perform source switching and load shedding coordinated operations (see 6.3.1). These
operations are needed to optimize the overall use of electrical energy.
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
– 12 – IEC TR 63196:2020 © IEC 2020
SOURCE Figure 3 is adapted from Figure 1 of IEC 60364-8-1:2019.
Figure 3 – Role of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear
in energy efficiency management
Switchgear and controlgear can be used in such energy efficiency and load management
systems by their intrinsic functionalities and combinations of the different capabilities. Figure 4
shows how these energy efficiency measures are situated in the landscape of switchgear and
controlgear and their assemblies.
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
IEC TR 63196:2020 © IEC 2020 – 13 –
Figure 4 – Energy efficiency landscape concerning switchgear and
controlgear and their assemblies
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
– 14 – IEC TR 63196:2020 © IEC 2020
6.2 Energy efficiency management system/optimization of the overall energy
consumption
6.2.1 Optimization of energy consumption
6.2.1.1 General
The main task of an energy efficiency management system is to optimize the energy availability,
use energy economically and improve energy efficiency. A description of an energy efficiency
improvement process is given in IEC Guide 118.
The goal of an energy efficiency management system is to realize the saving and improvement
of the existing energy consumption through intelligent system integration.
6.2.1.2 Composition of energy efficiency management system
An energy efficiency management system consists of three parts: decision-making system,
control system and data measurement system.
6.2.1.3 Functions of energy efficiency management system
An energy efficiency management system may have the following functions:
– remote real-time transmission of energy data;
– fault alarm: abnormal energy consumption alarm;
– dynamic energy consumption monitoring;
– analysis and evaluation of energy efficiency;
– analysis of energy use;
– operation control / load management of equipment;
– prediction and control of energy saving targets;
– decision-making of energy optimization strategy.
6.2.1.4 Energy consumption diagnosis
Real-time monitoring and data acquisition is conducted by means of an analysis and diagnosis
module in energy management, and the acquired results are analysed statistically and
diagnosed intelligently to support the optimization of the operation mode and energy
consumption distribution and thus reduction of electric energy loss.
6.2.1.5 Energy consumption monitoring
An energy consumption monitoring device is used to regularly acquire every kind of information
on energy consumption, such as voltage, current, reactive power, harmonics, etc., and upload
this information to the energy efficiency management system.
6.2.2 Electrical energy efficiency management
6.2.2.1 General
The electrical energy optimization needs a global approach of the management of the electrical
energy consumption, generation, storage, etc., including consideration of all operating modes.
6.2.2.2 Strategy of energy management
Energy efficiency should firstly be applied to loads and their usage.
---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------
IEC TR 63196:2020 © IEC 2020 – 15 –
Motor loads account for 70 % of the electricity consumed by industry (figure from the European
Community Commission Regulation No 640/2009). Improving the load profile by a system
analysis and afterwards selecting the most appropriate motor should be the first focus.
The electrical distribution architecture (generation and transmission) should also be considered,
as well as power supplies and wiring systems.
6.2.2.3 Energy management using automation and control
Energy management through automation is a significant contributor to energy efficiency.
Automation design over the past decades has continued to evolve, introducing new methods
that are of increasing importance in energy saving (availability and cost).
Status information, measurements from sensors, commands from the operator and information
from the environment are necessary inputs to the energy management system (EnMS). The
automation function of the energy management system should ensure that the energy is
consumed at the right moment, for the right
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.