IEC 62282-6-401:2025

Fuel cell technologies - Part 6-401: Micro fuel cell power systems - Power and data interchangeability - Performance test methods for laptop computer

IEC 62282-6-401:2025 covers the requirements for the performance test methods of a micro fuel cell/battery power system, consisting of a fuel cell system with secondary battery for laptop computers.
For this purpose, this document covers electrical performance tests for the fuel cell/battery hybrid system. This document also covers performance test methods which focus on the power and data interchangeability of the micro fuel cell power system and laptop computer and other characteristics for balance of plant (BOP) installed for laptop computer applications with a fuel cell/battery hybrid system. This document applies to gaseous hydrogen-fuelled fuel cell power, liquid hydrogen-fuelled fuel cell power, direct methanol fuel cell power, and battery hybrid power pack systems. The following fuels are considered within the scope of this document:
- gaseous hydrogen;
- liquid hydrogen compounds;
- methanol.

Technologies des piles à combustible - Partie 6-401: Systèmes à micropiles à combustible - Interchangeabilité de la puissance et des données - Méthodes d’essai des performances pour ordinateur portatif

l’IEC 62282-6-401:2025 couvre les exigences relatives aux méthodes d’essai des performances d’un système à micropile à combustible/batterie, constitué d’un système à pile à combustible avec une batterie d’accumulateur pour ordinateurs portatifs.
À cet effet, le présent document couvre les essais de performances électriques du système hybride à pile à combustible/batterie. Le présent document traite également des méthodes d’essai des performances portant essentiellement sur l’interchangeabilité de la puissance et des données du système à micropile à combustible et de l’ordinateur portatif et d’autres caractéristiques pour les organes auxiliaires installés pour les applications d’ordinateurs portatifs avec système hybride à pile à combustible/batterie. Le présent document s’applique aux piles à combustible à hydrogène gazeux, aux piles à combustible à hydrogène liquide, aux piles à combustible à méthanol direct et aux systèmes de bloc d’alimentation à batterie.
Les combustibles suivants relèvent du domaine d’application du présent document:
- hydrogène gazeux;
- composés de l’hydrogène liquides;
- méthanol.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Apr-2025
• ICS: 27.070 - Fuel cells
• Technical Committee: TC 105 - Fuel cell technologies
• Drafting Committee: WG 406 - TC 105/WG 406
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 08-Apr-2025
• Completion Date: 04-Apr-2025

Relations

• Replaces: IEC 62282-6-100:2010 - Fuel cell technologies - Part 6-100: Micro fuel cell power systems - Safety
• Effective Date: 31-May-2024

Overview

IEC 62282-6-401:2025 is an international standard developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) that specifies performance test methods for micro fuel cell power systems used in laptop computers. This part of the IEC 62282 series focuses on fuel cell/battery hybrid power systems that integrate a micro fuel cell with a secondary battery, specifically designed for portable computing applications. The standard emphasizes electrical performance evaluation, power and data interchangeability between the fuel cell system and the laptop, and characteristics related to the balance of plant (BOP) components relevant to these systems.

This standard applies to various types of fuel cell power packs including gaseous hydrogen-fueled, liquid hydrogen-fueled, and direct methanol fuel cells combined with battery hybrid systems. It excludes reformer-equipped fuel cell power systems.

Key Topics

• Performance Test Methods
  IEC 62282-6-401:2025 lays down procedures for electrically testing the fuel cell/battery hybrid systems, ensuring consistent measurement of output power, efficiency, and reliability.

• Power and Data Interchangeability
  The standard addresses requirements for seamless power compatibility and data communication between the micro fuel cell power systems and laptop computers, ensuring interoperability across devices and systems.

• Fuel Types in Scope

  • Gaseous hydrogen
  • Liquid hydrogen compounds
  • Methanol

• Test Conditions and Accuracy
  It defines test environments, measurement accuracy levels, and specifications for measuring instruments to guarantee reliable and repeatable test results.

• Power Interface Configuration
  Details on the construction, connector specifications (including DC output plugs and polarity), and load conditions are specified for standardized interfaces.

• Operational Performance Tests
  Includes methods to evaluate cold start times, power cycling under varying electrical loads, and the system's ability to follow electric demand changes.

• Safety Measures
  Addresses requirements for fire prevention and electric shock protection during testing and operation.

Applications

IEC 62282-6-401:2025 is crucial for manufacturers, developers, and test laboratories involved in producing micro fuel cell power systems for laptops. Its practical applications include:

• Product Development and Validation
  Supporting design verification and ensuring new micro fuel cell power systems meet international performance and safety requirements.

• Interoperability Assurance
  Enabling seamless integration of fuel cell power packs with various laptop models through standardized power and data interaction.

• Quality Control and Certification
  Providing standard test methods that facilitate quality assurance, conformity assessment, and certification processes in line with IEC standards.

• Innovation in Portable Power Solutions
  Driving advancements in sustainable and efficient energy technologies for portable computing by encouraging adherence to rigorous testing protocols.

Related Standards

• IEC 62282 Series
  The broader series covers fuel cell technologies across different applications, including stationary, transport, and portable power systems.

• IEC 60050-485:2020
  The International Electrotechnical Vocabulary related to fuel cell technologies, providing standardized terminology consistent with IEC 62282-6-401.

• IEC 60730-2-14
  Pertains to automatic electrical controls, which may be relevant to control systems in fuel cell power packs.

These related standards collectively support the harmonization of terminology, testing, and safety in fuel cell technology development.

---

Keywords: IEC 62282-6-401, micro fuel cell power systems, laptop fuel cells, fuel cell battery hybrid system, performance test methods, power interchangeability, data interchangeability, hydrogen fuel cells, methanol fuel cells, portable power standards, IEC fuel cell standards, laptop power solutions, IEC technical committee 105.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 62282-6-401 ®
Edition 1.0 2025-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 6-401: Micro fuel cell power systems – Power and data interchangeability –
Performance test methods for laptop computer
Technologies des piles à combustible –
Partie 6-401: Systèmes à micropiles à combustible – Interchangeabilité de la
puissance et des données – Méthodes d’essai des performances pour
ordinateur portatif
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IEC 62282-6-401 ®
Edition 1.0 2025-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 6-401: Micro fuel cell power systems – Power and data interchangeability –
Performance test methods for laptop computer
Technologies des piles à combustible –
Partie 6-401: Systèmes à micropiles à combustible – Interchangeabilité de la
puissance et des données – Méthodes d’essai des performances pour
ordinateur portatif
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.070 ISBN 978-2-8327-0305-2
– 2 – IEC 62282-6-401:2025 © IEC 2025
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references. 7
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 9
4 General principles for measurements . 9
4.1 Test environments . 9
4.2 Measurement accuracy . 10
4.3 Measuring instruments . 10
4.3.1 General . 10
4.3.2 Power range . 11
4.4 Measurement points . 11
4.5 Construction and actuation requirements against fire and electric shock . 12
5 Composed construction of power interface . 12
5.1 Configuration of fuel cell/battery hybrid system . 12
5.2 DC output connector . 13
5.2.1 DC output plugs . 13
5.2.2 Plug polarity notation . 13
5.2.3 Specification of the direct current output jack . 13
5.3 Test preparation . 13
5.3.1 General . 13
5.3.2 Uncertainty analysis . 14
5.3.3 Data acquisition plan . 14
5.4 Net electric power output test . 14
5.4.1 General . 14
5.4.2 Test method . 14
5.4.3 Calculation of average electric power output . 14
5.4.4 Determination of charging periods of the range of the battery . 15
5.4.5 Computation of electrical efficiency . 15
5.5 DC power regulation . 15
5.6 DC output load condition . 15
5.7 DC output ripple and noise . 15
5.8 Type test on operational performance . 16
5.8.1 Cold start to maximum power output time test . 16
5.8.2 Power cycling electrical load test . 16
5.8.3 Electric demand-following test . 17
6 Test reports . 17
6.1 General . 17
6.2 Title page . 17
6.3 Table of contents . 17
6.4 Summary report . 18
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for the contents of detailed and full reports . 19
A.1 General . 19
A.2 Detailed report . 19
A.3 Full report . 19

Bibliography . 20

Figure 1 – Micro fuel cell power system block diagram . 7
Figure 2 – Schematic diagram of a fuel cell/battery hybrid system with optional battery . 12
Figure 3 – Power connector of micro fuel cell power system . 13

Table 1 – Power range . 11
Table 2 – DC output load range . 15

– 4 – IEC 62282-6-401:2025 © IEC 2025
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 6-401: Micro fuel cell power systems –
Power and data interchangeability –
Performance test methods for laptop computer

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
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9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
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the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62282-6-401 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105: Fuel cell technologies. It
is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
105/1095/FDIS 105/1102/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62282 series, published under the general title Full cell technologies,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
– 6 – IEC 62282-6-401:2025 © IEC 2025
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 6-401: Micro fuel cell power systems –
Power and data interchangeability –
Performance test methods for laptop computer

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62282 covers the requirements for the performance test methods of a micro
fuel cell/battery power system, consisting of a fuel cell system with secondary battery for laptop
computers.
For this purpose, this document covers electrical performance tests for the fuel cell/battery
hybrid system. This document also covers performance test methods which focus on the power
and data interchangeability of the micro fuel cell power system and laptop computer and other
characteristics for balance of plant (BOP) installed for laptop computer applications with a fuel
cell/battery hybrid system. This document applies to gaseous hydrogen-fuelled fuel cell power,
liquid hydrogen-fuelled fuel cell power, direct methanol fuel cell power, and battery hybrid power
pack systems.
The following fuels are considered within the scope of this document:
– gaseous hydrogen;
– liquid hydrogen compounds;
– methanol.
This document does not apply to reformer-equipped fuel cell power systems.
A block diagram of a micro fuel cell power system is shown in Figure 1. This document covers
the configuration, hybridization and operation modes for fuel cell/battery power systems.

Figure 1 – Micro fuel cell power system block diagram
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-485:2020, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 485: Fuel cell
technologies (available at www.electropedia.org)
IEC 60730-2-14, Automatic electrical controls – Part 2-14: Particular requirements for electric
actuators
IEC 60945, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – General
requirements – Methods of testing and required test results
IEC 61204-3, Low-voltage switch mode power supplies – Part 3: Electromagnetic compatibility
(EMC)
IEC 62282-3-200:2015, Fuel cell technologies – Part 3-200: Stationary fuel cell power systems
– Performance test methods
IEC 62282-4-101, Fuel cell technologies – Part 4-101: Fuel cell power systems for electrically
powered industrial trucks – Safety
IEC 62282-6-400, Fuel cell technologies – Part 6-400: Micro fuel cell power systems – Power
and data interchangeability
IEC TS 62700, DC power supply for notebook computers

– 8 – IEC 62282-6-401:2025 © IEC 2025
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given IEC 60050-485 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
fuel cell/battery hybrid system
fuel cell power system combined with a battery, for delivering useful electric power
Note 1 to entry: The fuel cell power system can deliver electric power, charge the battery, or both. The system can
deliver and accept electric energy.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:2020, 485-09-18]
3.1.2
fuel cell power system
generator system that uses one or more fuel cell modules (IEV 485-09-03) to generate electric
power and heat
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:2020, 485-09-01]
3.1.3
micro fuel cell power system
micro fuel cell power unit and associated fuel cartridges that is wearable or easily carried out
by hand
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:2020, 485-09-21, modified – the figure has been removed from the
definition.]
3.1.4
output voltage
voltage between the output terminals under operating conditions
Note 1 to entry: The output voltage is expressed in V.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:2020, 485-13-03]
3.1.5
DC output current
output current that can be continuously supplied to the load side
3.1.6
DC output power
output that can be continuously supplied to the load side, expressed as the product of output
voltage and output current
3.1.7
DC output plug
accessory having pins designed to engage with the contacts of a socket-outlet, also
incorporating the fuel composition means for the electrical connection and mechanical retention
of flexible cables or cords
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-442:1998, 442-03-01, modified – “DC output” has been added to the term
and “fuel composition” has been added to the definition.]
3.1.8
secondary battery
secondary cell
cell which is designed to be electrically recharged
Note 1 to entry: The recharge is accomplished by way of a reversible chemical reaction. Secondary batteries can
be based on lithium-ion, meta-air, lead acid or nickel-metal hydride chemistries, rechargeable by the fuel cell system
or external power.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-01-03, modified – the words "secondary battery" have
been added as a term and the second sentence has been added to the note.]
3.1.9
state of charge
available capacity in a battery pack or system expressed as a percentage of rated capacity
3.1.10
rated power
maximum continuous electric power output that a fuel cell power system is designed to achieve
under normal operating conditions specified by the manufacturer
3.1.11
balance of plant
BOP
supporting and auxiliary components based on the power source or site-specific requirements
and integrated into a comprehensive fuel cell power system
3.2 Abbreviated terms
BOD biochemical oxygen demand
BOP balance of plant
FID flame ioniser detector
GC-MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometer
SOC state of charge
THC total hydrocarbon
UART universal asynchronous receiver transmitter
4 General principles for measurements
4.1 Test environments
The controlled ambient test conditions shall be as follows:
– temperature: 25 °C ± 5 °C;
– humidity: 65 % ± 20 % relative humidity;
– pressure: between 91 kPa and 106 kPa.

– 10 – IEC 62282-6-401:2025 © IEC 2025
For each test run, the laboratory conditions shall be measured. As air quality can affect fuel cell
power system performance, the laboratory air composition (CO , CO, SO and so forth) shall
2 2
be reported with the test result.
4.2 Measurement accuracy
The measurement parameters and minimum measurement accuracies shall be as follows:
– voltage: ±1 %;
– current: ±1 %;
– time: ±1 %;
– weight: ±1 %;
– temperature: ±2 °C;
– humidity: ±5
– pressure: ±5 %;
– vibration frequency: ±1 Hz (5 Hz < frequency ≤ 50 Hz) or ±2 % (frequency > 50 Hz);
– volume: ±2 %.
Test equipment should be chosen in a way that the systematic uncertainty of measurement for
electrical efficiency is below ±1 % of minimum measurement accuracies at the system except
±5 of relative humidity for electrical efficiency.
In order to reach the desired efficiency uncertainties, the following systematic measurement
uncertainties of the equipment are recommended. They are given in percentage of
measured/calculated values or as absolute values for temperature:
• fuel gas flow rate: ±1 %;
• integrated gas flow: ±1 %;
• liquid flow rate: ±1 %;
• mass: ±1 % of the mass to be determined (not including the tare weight);
• relative humidity: ±5 %;
• absolute pressure: ±1 %;
• fuel gas and discharge water temperature: ±1 K.
4.3 Measuring instruments
4.3.1 General
Measuring instruments and measurement methods shall conform to the relevant international
standards. They shall be selected to meet the measurement range specified by the
manufacturer and the required accuracy of measurements. Apparatus to measure H leaks shall
be used before testing if H is used as fuel. This can be manual H concentration measuring
2 2
device with 0 % to 4 % measurements range (see IEC 62282-3-200:2015, 7.2).
Measuring instruments are listed according to their intended use:
a) apparatus for measuring the electric power output, electric power input, electric energy
input, and electric energy output:
– electric power meters, electric energy meters, voltmeters, ammeters;
b) apparatus for measuring fuel input: flowmeters, integrating flowmeters, scales, pressure
sensors, temperature sensors;
c) apparatus for measuring ambient conditions: barometers, hygrometers, and temperature
sensors;
d) apparatus for measuring the noise level: sound level meters as specified in IEC 61672-1 or
other measuring instruments of equivalent or better accuracy;
e) apparatus for measuring volume fractions (concentrations) of the exhaust gas components:
– oxygen analyser (e.g. based on paramagnetic, electrochemical or zirconium oxide
sensors);
– carbon dioxide analyser (e.g. GC-MS or based on infrared absorption sensor);
– carbon monoxide analyser (e.g. based on nondispersive infrared or electrochemical
sensor);
– total hydrocarbon (THC) analyser (e.g. a flame ionizer detector (FID));
f) apparatus for determining the discharge water: graduated cylinder (for volume
measurement), water trap, temperature sensor, pH meters, biochemical oxygen demand
(BOD) probes.
g) mass spectrometry for each gas (oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide).
4.3.2 Power range
The DC power aid for laptop computers consists of power transmission and power receiving, as
well as rated supplying transmit power and rated power with the following rated values (see
Table 1):
Table 1 – Power range
Classification Rated output power
Rated supplying power 40 W to 330 W
Range
Rated receiving power 0 W to 50 W

4.4 Measurement points
Measurement points for different parameters, which are described below, shall be in
accordance with IEC 62282-4-101 and IEC 60945.
a) Hydrogen fuel flow rate
Place a mass flowmeter for fuel on the fuel supply line to the fuel cell power system to
measure the fuel flow rate and total fuel input.
b) Methanol fuel flow rate
Place a mass flow meter or weight meter under the fuel tank to measure the weight of fuel
and tank together. Methanol fuel input weight is measured by subtracting the weight after
the test from that before the test.
c) Fuel temperature
Connect a thermometer immediately downstream of the fuel flowmeter.
d) Fuel pressure
Place a pressure meter immediately downstream of the fuel flowmeter to measure the gauge
pressure of fuel.
e) Electric power output
Connect an electric power meter to the electric power output terminal of the fuel cell/battery
hybrid system and close to the system boundary.
f) Electric power input
Connect an electric power meter to the electric power input terminal of the fuel cell/battery
hybrid system and close to the system boundary. In case no separate electric power input
terminal exists, this measurement point can be substituted with the electric power output
with a bidirectional meter.
– 12 – IEC 62282-6-401:2025 © IEC 2025
g) Electric energy output
Connect an electric energy meter to the electric power output terminal of the fuel cell/battery
hybrid system and close to the system boundary. The electric energy meter can incorporate
an electric power meter that indicates electric power output.
h) Fuel composition
Place the measuring probe downstream of the hydrogen compound cartridge or methanol
cartridge. The fuel composition data shall be reported before refuelling with the hydrogen
compound cartridge or methanol cartridge.
i) Atmospheric pressure
Place an absolute pressure meter adjacent to the fuel cell power system where it will not be
affected by ventilation of the fuel cell power system.
j) Atmospheric temperature
Place a thermometer adjacent to the fuel cell power system where the thermometer will not
be affected by air intake or exhaust of the fuel cell power system.
k) Atmospheric humidity
Place a hygrometer adjacent to the fuel cell power system where the hygrometer will not be
affected by air intake or exhaust of the fuel cell power system.
l) Exhaust gas
Place one or more exhaust gas collecting probes combined with a temperature sensor in
the exhaust stream at the exhaust gas outlet; see Figure 1.
m) Discharge water
Place a discharge water reservoir combined with a temperature sensor at the discharge
water outlet; see Figure 1.
4.5 Construction and actuation requirements against fire and electric shock
The specifications requirements against electric shock, fires and other hazards, and other risks
shall be clarified or referenced by particular requirements for electric actuators. See
IEC 60730-2-14.
5 Composed construction of power interface
5.1 Configuration of fuel cell/battery hybrid system
The performance of the micro fuel cell system for laptop computers shall satisfy the
requirements listed in 5.2 and the power compatibility of the micro fuel cells shall satisfy the
standard of an external DC power supply for laptop computers as shown in Figure 2.
See IEC 62282-6-400.
Figure 2 – Schematic diagram of a fuel cell/battery hybrid system with optional battery

5.2 DC output connector
5.2.1 DC output plugs
The DC output plugs used in the micro fuel cell system for laptop computers should be as shown
in Figure 3.
Key
P+  power
P– ground
Serial communication universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART), I2C, SPI, etc.
Figure 3 – Power connector of micro fuel cell power system
5.2.2 Plug polarity notation
The plug polarity notation shall be as shown in Figure 3.
5.2.3 Specification of the direct current output jack
The DC output jack for laptop computer systems and the DC output jack for power supplies are
shown in Figure 4 (see IEC 62680-1-3).
5.3 Test preparation
5.3.1 General
Subclause 5.3 describes typical items that shall be considered prior to the implementation of a
test. For each test, uncertainty shall be minimized by selecting high-precision instruments and
planning the tests carefully with attention to detail. Detailed, written test plans shall be prepared
by the parties to the test using this document as their basis.
The following items shall be considered for the test plan:
a) objective;
b) test specifications;
c) test personnel qualifications;
d) quality assurance standards (e.g. ISO 9000 or other equivalent standards);
e) target uncertainty;
f) identification of measuring instruments (refer to 4.3);
g) estimated range of test parameters;
h) data acquisition plan.
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5.3.2 Uncertainty analysis
An uncertainty analysis shall be performed on the test to indicate the reliability of the test results
and to comply with customer requests. The following test results shall be analysed to determine
the absolute and relative errors.
5.3.3 Data acquisition plan
In order to meet the target uncertainty, a proper duration and frequency of readings shall be
defined and suitable data recording equipment shall be prepared before the performance test.
Automatic data acquisition using an appropriate digital system is preferable.
5.4 Net electric power output test
5.4.1 General
This test is for measuring the average net electric output at rated electric power output when
the fuel cell system includes the input power from a rechargeable battery. If operation at partial
loads of 50 %, 75 % or minimum power electric output are specified by the manufacturer, these
operating points shall be measured as well.
5.4.2 Test method
a) Operate the system at the rated electric power output for more than 30 min or until the
secondary battery is fully charged and stable before starting the test.
leaks shall be measured before
b) As part of the preparation when hydrogen is used as fuel, H
start of power testing.
c) Start the test at the rated electric power output. If the manufacturer specifies partial loads
of 50 % and 75 % of rated output, or minimum output, repeat the test at these loads.
d) Measure the electric power output and electric power input from the rechargeable battery
over the test duration. The test shall be conducted for at least 3 h and a number of n
measurements taken, n being no less than 60. If fuel is to be supplied intermittently, the
total test duration shall be 20 times the interval of the fuel supply but no longer than 3 h.
5.4.3 Calculation of average electric power output
The average net electric power output shall be calculated by the following Formula (1):
P P− Pn1
( ) (1)
∑
n out in
n
where
P is the average electric power output (in kW);
n
P is the average electric power output measured over the test duration (in W);
out
P is the electric power input measured over the test duration (in W);
in
n is the number of measurements
=
5.4.4 Determination of charging periods of the range of the battery
The time when the battery is recharged to the known nominal state of charge can be determined
by either one of the following three methods.
a) For a system equipped with a means (for example, a display method or an output signal) to
identify that the battery has reached a known nominal state of charge, the charge-out time
is determined by that means.
b) For a system equipped with no means to identify that the battery has reached a known
nominal state of charge, the charge-out time to reach the nominal state of charge can be
determined by measuring the time when the input fuel flow rate becomes stabilized within
±2 % of the rated fuel flow rate after the fuel flow increase for recharging the battery ceases.
This measurement is not mandatory.
c) The SOC can be determined using an ammeter or voltmeter. When no current is supplied
for charging the secondary battery, or when the voltage of the secondary battery reaches
the specified maximum charging value, it is regarded as a fully charged state.
5.4.5 Computation of electrical efficiency
in %, shall be calculated with Formula (2):
Electrical efficiency, η
el
P
n
η ×100 %
(2)
el
P
fin
where
η is the electrical efficiency (in %);
el
P is the average electric power output (in W);
n
P is the average fuel power input (in J/s).
fin
5.5 DC power regulation
The acceptable variation in output DC power shall be within ±5 % of the prescribed load range.
5.6 DC output load condition
The acceptable variation in the DC output load shall be stated in one of the ranges stated in
Table 2.
Table 2 – DC output load range
Classification DC output power DC output current
4 A to 33 A
Range Rated supplying power 40 W to (330 ± 5) W (battery voltage of
10 V, standard)
0 A to 5 A
Rated receiving power 0 W to (50 ± 2) W (battery voltage of
10 V , standard)
5.7 DC output ripple and noise
As indicated in IEC TS 62700 and IEC 61204-3, the ripple and noise performance for DC output
shall be stated and specified as a maximum of 600 mV peak-to-peak for steady state, except
when no load is attached.
=
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5.8 Type test on operational performance
5.8.1 Cold start to maximum power output time test
5.8.1.1 General
The purpose of this test is to determine the system's ability to maintain the maximum electrical
power load immediately after start-up. In one test the hybrid fuel cell system will be tested after
it has been in a pre-generation state for a period of time. The other test consists of running the
system at nominal load for more than 30 min before starting the test, powering down the system,
then powering up the system with the maximum continuous load connected.
NOTE Pre-generation is defined so as to connect the maximum rated electrical load, specified by manufacturer, to
the system, power on the system according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and power up the fuel
cell/battery hybrid system within 2 min or according to the manufacturer’s instruction (if more time is required).
5.8.1.2 Test method
1) To condition the system prior to the test, operate the system at the nominal electrical power
output for more than 30 min before starting the test.
2) The fuel cell/battery hybrid system shall be powered down and cooled down to the ambient
temperature. Connect the maximum rated electrical load, specified by manufacturer, to the
fuel cell system. Power on the fuel cell system according to manufacturer’s
recommendations.
3) Operate the system at the maximum electrical power output for the manufacturer's specified
time or for 1 h (whichever is shorter). Power down the fuel cell/battery hybrid system
completely according to the manufacturer's specifications. Connect the maximum rated
electrical load to the fuel cell system specified by the manufacturer. Power up the fuel
cell/battery hybrid system within 2 min or according to the manufacturer’s instruction (if more
time is required).
NOTE Rated/nominal electrical power means the power of the system named by the manufacturer.
5.8.2 Power cycling electrical load test
5.8.2.1 General
The purpose of this test is to stress the fuel cell/battery hybrid system by cycling an electrical
load connected to the system.
5.8.2.2 Test method
1) Operate the system at the rated electrical power output for more than 30 min before starting
the test.
2) Operate the system at the nominal electrical power output for 15 min, then operate the
system at the maximum electrical power specified by manufacturer for 15 min. Repeat this
cycle for 8 h. If the fuel cell/battery hybrid system disconnects the power to the load during
this cycling, the times when the power is disconnected and reconnected to the load shall be
recorded in the report.
5.8.2.3 Data acquisition
When the fuel cell/battery hybrid system is being cycled, if the system disconnects power to the
load, or if any warning lights on the system, such as a low-battery indicator, are visible these
shall be recorded in the report. The time, as well as the duration, of the event shall be recorded.
The measuring method of the gaseous fuel input by power cycling electrical load test should be
added.
5.8.3 Electric demand-following test
5.8.3.1 General
This test is for measuring the fuel input electric demand-following operation.
5.8.3.2 Electric demand profile
The test shall be carried out using an electric demand profile, which is applied to the system. It
can be necessary to carry out tests with several different profiles.
5.8.3.3 Test methods
a) Operate the system at the rated electric power output for more than 30 min and until a known
nominal state of charge is reached before starting the test.
b) Start the test by applying the values of the electric demand profile to the fuel cell system.
c) Measure the fuel temperature, fuel pressure, and integrated fuel input flow (in volume or in
mass). Each measurement shall be taken at intervals of 60 s or less for a minimum of 3 h.
If fuel is to be supplied intermittently, the total test duration shall be 20 times the interval of
the fuel supply but not longer than 3 h.
6 Test reports
6.1 General
Test reports shall accurately, clearly, and objectively present sufficient information to
demonstrate that all the objectives of the tests have been attained. The minimum requirement
for the test report shall be a title page, a table of contents and a summary report. For a fuel
cell/battery hybrid system tested in compliance with this document, the summary report shall
be made available to interested parties.
More information can be provided with a detailed report or a full report, or both, for internal
purposes. Guidelines for the contents of the detailed report and the full report are given in
Annex A.
6.2 Title page
The title page shall present the following information:
a) report identification number (optional);
b) type of report (summary, detailed, or full);
c) authors of report;
d) entity conducting the tests;
e) date of report;
f) location of the tests;
g) titles of the tests;
h) date and time of the tests;
i) fuel cell/battery hybrid system identification code and manufacturer’s name.
6.3 Table of contents
The table of contents shall present the titles of clauses, subclauses, etc., in the report with the
page numbers in an orderly sequence.

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6.4 Summary report
The summary report shall include the following information:
a) objective of the test;
b) description of the test, equipment, and instruments;
c) all test results;
d) uncertainty for each test result;
e) confidence for each test result;
f) conclusions as appropriate;
g) discussion of the tests and their results (i.e., comments and observations);
h) results of fuel analysis.
Annex A
(informative)
Guidelines for the contents of detailed and full reports
A.1 General
It is recommended that the detailed report or the full report, or both, be created to record
sufficient information to demonstrate that all the objectives of the tests have been attained.
Each type of report should have a title page and a table of contents, and the title page should
contain the same information as described in 6.2.
A.2 Detailed report
The detailed report should include the following information in addition to the information
contained in the summary report:
a) type, specifications, and operating configuration of the fuel cell/battery hybrid system and
the process flow diagram showing the system boundary;
b) description of the arrangements, location and operating conditions of the equipment and
instruments;
c) calibration results of the instruments;
d) reference to the calculation method;
e) tabular and graphical presentation of the results.
A.3 Full report
The full report should include the following information in addition to the information contained
in the detailed report:
a) copies of original data sheets;
b) original data sheets should include the following information
...