IEC 61202-1:2016

Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre optic isolators - Part 1: Generic specification

IEC 61202-1:2016 applies to isolators used in the field of fibre optics, all exhibiting the following features:
- they are non-reciprocal optical devices, in which each port is either an optical fibre or fibre optic connector;
- they are passive devices containing no opto-electronic or other transducing elements;
- they have two optical ports for directionally transmitting optical power. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2009. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- the terms and definitions were reconsidered;
- quality assessment level was deleted from classification;
- the clause numbers of Annexes A and B have been rearranged.

Dispositifs d'interconnexion et composants passifs fibroniques - Isolateurs fibroniques - Partie 1: Spécification générique

IEC 61202-1:2016 s’applique aux isolateurs utilisés dans le domaine fibronique, possédant tous les caractéristiques suivantes:
- ce sont des dispositifs optiques non réciproques, dans lesquels chaque port est soit une fibre optique soit un connecteur fibronique;
- ce sont des dispositifs passifs qui ne contiennent pas d’éléments optoélectroniques ou d’autres éléments transducteurs;
- ils ont deux ports optiques pour les puissances optiques à émission directionnelle.
Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition parue en 2009. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
- les termes et les définitions ont été revus;
- le niveau d’évaluation de la qualité a été supprimé de la classification;
- les numéros d'article des Annexes A et B ont été réagencés.
Mots clés: isolateurs utilisés dans le domaine fibronique

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Dec-2016
• ICS: 33.180.20 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices
• Technical Committee: SC 86B - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components
• Drafting Committee: WG 7 - TC 86/SC 86B/WG 7
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 08-Dec-2016
• Completion Date: 28-Dec-2016

Relations

• Revises: IEC 61202-1:2009 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre optic isolators - Part 1: Generic specification
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Overview

IEC 61202-1:2016 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre optic isolators - Part 1: Generic specification is the fourth edition of the IEC international standard defining generic requirements for fibre optic isolators. It applies to isolators that are:

• non‑reciprocal optical devices whose ports are optical fibres or fibre‑optic connectors,
• passive components with no opto‑electronic or transducing elements, and
• two‑port devices that transmit optical power directionally.

This 2016 edition cancels and replaces the 2009 edition and includes technical revisions such as reconsidered terms and definitions, removal of the quality‑assessment‑level classification, and rearranged clause numbers in Annexes A and B.

Key Topics and Requirements

The standard sets out generic, practical requirements that manufacturers, test laboratories and procurement teams use to specify and assess fibre optic isolators:

• Classification (type, style, variant) and device configurations (integral pigtails, connectors, housings).
• Documentation requirements: symbols, specification system, drawings, test data sheets and user instructions.
• Design and construction: material and workmanship expectations for passive isolators.
• Performance requirements: optical directionality, insertion loss, isolation characteristics and related performance parameters (defined in the document).
• Tests and measurements: references to basic test procedures and measurement methods (see IEC 61300 suite).
• Identification, marking, packaging and storage: labelling, variant identification and protective packaging instructions.
• Safety considerations: laser safety and fire hazard references (e.g., IEC 60825‑1, IEC 60695).
• Informative technology annexes: Annex A (magneto‑optic/Faraday rotator examples) and Annex B (optical waveguide isolator concepts, TE/TM modes).

Practical Applications

IEC 61202-1:2016 is applicable wherever passive fibre optic isolators are used to ensure directional optical power flow and protect upstream components. Typical application areas include:

• Telecommunications and fibre‑optic networks
• Optical amplification systems and laser sources
• Fibre sensor subsystems and test instrumentation
• Component specification for module and subsystem manufacturers

Using this standard helps ensure interoperable, reliably tested isolators with clear documentation and consistent marking.

Who should use this standard

• Manufacturers designing or producing passive fibre optic isolators.
• Test laboratories performing conformity and performance testing.
• System integrators and OEMs specifying isolators for assemblies.
• Procurement and quality teams evaluating supplier documentation and packaging.
• Standards developers and certification bodies referencing generic isolation requirements.

Related Standards and References

Relevant standards cited by IEC 61202-1:2016 include:

• IEC 61300 (fibre optic test and measurement procedures)
• IEC 60825‑1 (laser product safety)
• IEC TS 62627‑09 (vocabulary for passive optical devices)
• IEC 60050‑731 (optical fibre communication vocabulary)

Keywords: IEC 61202-1:2016, fibre optic isolators, fibre optics, passive components, non‑reciprocal device, Faraday rotator, optical waveguide isolator, IEC standard, optical isolation, test procedures.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 61202-1 ®
Edition 4.0 2016-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic
isolators –
Part 1: Generic specification
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
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IEC 61202-1 ®
Edition 4.0 2016-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic

isolators –
Part 1: Generic specification
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.180.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-3681-9

– 2 – IEC 61202-1:2016 © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
3.1 Basic terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Component terms and definitions . 7
3.3 Performance parameter terms and definitions . 8
4 Requirements . 10
4.1 Classification . 10
4.1.1 General . 10
4.1.2 Type . 10
4.1.3 Style . 11
4.1.4 Variant . 11
4.1.5 Normative reference extensions. 11
4.2 Documentation . 12
4.2.1 Symbols . 12
4.2.2 Specification system . 12
4.2.3 Drawings . 13
4.2.4 Tests and measurements . 13
4.2.5 Test data sheets . 14
4.2.6 Instructions for use . 14
4.3 Standardization system . 14
4.3.1 Interface standards . 14
4.3.2 Performance standards . 14
4.3.3 Reliability standards . 14
4.3.4 Interlinking . 15
4.4 Design and construction . 16
4.4.1 Materials . 16
4.4.2 Workmanship . 16
4.5 Performance requirements . 16
4.6 Identification and marking . 17
4.6.1 General . 17
4.6.2 Variant identification number . 17
4.6.3 Component marking . 17
4.6.4 Package marking . 17
4.7 Packaging . 18
4.8 Storage conditions . 18
4.9 Safety . 18
Annex A (informative) Example of technology of bulk isolator based on magneto-optic
effect . 19
A.1 General . 19
A.2 Faraday rotator . 19
A.3 Analyser . 19
A.4 Birefringent crystal . 19

Annex B (informative) Example of technology of optical waveguide isolator . 22
B.1 General . 22
B.2 TE mode . 22
B.3 TM mode . 22
Bibliography . 24

Figure 1 – Configuration A – Device containing integral fibre optic pigtails without
connector . 11
Figure 2 – Configuration B – Device containing integral fibre optic pigtails, with a
connector on each pigtail . 11
Figure 3 – Configuration C – Device containing connectors as an integral part of the
device housing . 11
Figure 4 – Configuration D – Device containing some combination of the interfacing
features of the preceding configurations . 11
Figure 5 – Standards currently under preparation . 16
Figure A.1 – Polarization dependent optical isolator . 20
Figure A.2 – Polarization independent optical isolator . 21
Figure B.1 – Mode conversion type of the optical waveguide isolator . 22
Figure B.2 – Phase shifter type of the optical waveguide isolator . 23
Figure B.3 – TE mode and TM mode for optical waveguide isolator . 23

Table 1 – Two-level IEC specification structure . 12
Table 2 – Standards interlink matrix . 16

– 4 – IEC 61202-1:2016 © IEC 2016
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING DEVICES
AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –
FIBRE OPTIC ISOLATORS –
Part 1: Generic specification
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61202-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 86B: Fibre optic
interconnecting devices and passive components, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2009. It constitutes a
technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) the terms and definitions were reconsidered;
b) quality assessment level was deleted from classification;
c) the clause numbers of Annexes A and B have been rearranged.

The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
86B/3989A/CDV 86B/4033RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61202 series, published under the general title Fibre optic
interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic isolators, can be found on the
IEC website.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 6 – IEC 61202-1:2016 © IEC 2016
FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING DEVICES
AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –
FIBRE OPTIC ISOLATORS –
Part 1: Generic specification
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61202 applies to isolators used in the field of fibre optics, all exhibiting the
following features:
• they are non-reciprocal optical devices, in which each port is either an optical fibre or fibre
optic connector;
• they are passive devices containing no opto-electronic or other transducing elements;
• they have two optical ports for directionally transmitting optical power.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60027 (all parts), Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
IEC 60050-731, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 731: Optical fibre
communication
IEC 60617 (all parts), Graphical symbols for diagrams (available at http://std.iec.ch/iec60617)
IEC 60695 (all parts), Fire hazard testing
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
IEC 61300 (all parts), Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic
test and measurement procedures
IEC TS 62627-09, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Vocabulary
for passive optical devices
ISO 129-1, Technical drawings – Indication of dimensions and tolerances – Part 1: General
principles
ISO 286-1, Geometrical product specification (GPS) – ISO code system for tolerances on
linear sizes – Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits
ISO 1101, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – Geometrical tolerancing – Tolerances
of form, orientation, location and run-out
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange –
Representation of dates and times

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-731,
IEC TS 62627-09 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Basic terms and definitions
3.1.1
port
optical fibre or fibre optic connector attached to a passive component for the entry and/or exit
of the optical power
3.1.2
input port
port for the entry of optical power
Note 1 to entry: An isolator is a directional device. The input port should be clearly marked.
3.1.3
output port
port for the exit of optical power
Note 1 to entry: An isolator is a directional device. The output port should be clearly marked.
3.1.4
backward direction
operational direction in which the power of the optical source launches into
the output port of an isolator
Note 1 to entry: This is the direction of optical power isolation.
3.1.5
forward direction
operational direction in which the power of the optical source launches into
the input port of an isolator
Note 1 to entry: This is the intentional direction of optical power transmission.
3.2 Component terms and definitions
3.2.1
fibre optic isolator
non-reciprocal optical device intended to suppress backward reflections along an optical fibre
transmission line while having minimum insertion loss in the forward direction
Note 1 to entry: Fibre optic isolators are commonly used to avoid reflections back into laser diodes and optical
amplifiers, which can make the laser and amplifiers oscillations unstable, and cause noise in the fibre optic
transmission system.
3.2.2
bulk isolator based on magneto-optic effect
type of isolator with discrete components including a suitable magneto-optic crystal (ferro-
magnetic crystal or paramagnetic glass, diamagnetic glass, etc.), of which the fundamental
principle is based on magneto-optic effect

– 8 – IEC 61202-1:2016 © IEC 2016
Note 1 to entry: The technology of a bulk isolator based on magneto-optic effect is described in Annex A.
3.2.3
in-line isolator
type of isolator with optical fibre for the entry input and output of the light
3.2.4
optical waveguide isolator
type of isolator with planer epitaxial magneto-optic crystal layers on a suitable substrate
Note 1 to entry: The technology of an optical waveguide isolator is described in Annex B.
3.2.5
polarization-dependent optical isolator
type of isolator not designed to have performance independent of the state of the polarization
of the incident light
3.2.6
polarization-independent optical isolator
type of isolator in which the optical performance characteristics are independent of the
polarization state of the incident light
3.2.7
polarization maintaining optical isolator
type of isolator with a polarization maintaining optical fibre for input and output, designed to
maintain polarization of the light, and which is adjusted to the optical axis of the polarization
maintaining optical fibre
3.2.8
single-stage isolator
type of isolator composed of a basic isolator unit such as a set of polarizer, faraday rotator
and analyser
3.2.9
dual-stage isolator
double-stage isolator
type of isolator composed of two basic isolator units connected in tandem for the purpose of
obtaining more backward loss
3.2.10
PMD compensated optical isolator
type of isolator designed to compensate the polarization mode dispersion which is intrinsic to
the birefringent crystal
3.3 Performance parameter terms and definitions
3.3.1
operating wavelength
wavelength at which a passive optical component is designed to operate with the specified
performance
3.3.2
operating wavelength range
specified range of wavelengths including all operating wavelengths
Note 1 to entry: In the case of an optical isolator as nominally a wavelength independent and wavelength non-
selective device, passband is nominally same as operating wavelength range.

3.3.3
insertion loss
maximum value of logarithmic transmission coefficient, a (where i ≠ j) within the passband for

ij
conducting port pair
Note 1 to entry: It is the optical attenuation from a given port to a port which is another port of conducting port
pair of the given port of a passive device. Insertion loss is a positive value in decibels. It is calculated as:
 
P
out
 
IL=−10log
 
P
 in
where
P is the optical power launched into the port;
in
P is the optical power received from the other port of the conducting port pair.
out
Note 2 to entry: In the case of an optical isolator as a non-reciprocal device, IL is defined as the maximum value
of attenuation from the input port to the output port.
Note 3 to entry: In the case of an optical isolator as nominally a wavelength independent and wavelength non-
selective device, passband is nominally same as operating wavelength range.
Note 4 to entry: In the case of a polarization-independent isolator, IL is defined as the maximum value for any
state of polarization of P .
in
Note 5 to entry: In the case of a polarization-dependent isolator, IL is defined as the linearly polarized light which
coincides with the polarizing direction of the polarizer in the isolator of P .
in
3.3.4
isolation
minimum value of a (where i ≠ j) for isolated port pair
ij
Note 1 to entry: In case of an optical isolator, isolation is the minimum attenuation value of backward direction.
Note 2 to entry: Isolation is a positive value expressed in dB.
3.3.5
polarization dependent loss
PDL
for polarization independent isolators, maximum variation of insertion loss caused by a
variation in the state of polarization (SOP) over all the SOPs.
3.3.6
polarization mode dispersion
PMD
for polarization-independent isolators, average delay of the travelling time between the two
principal states of polarization (PSP), when an optical signal passes through an optical
isolator
3.3.7
return loss
(where i = j) of the logarithmic transfer matrix
value of a
ij
Note 1 to entry: It is the fraction of input power that is returned from a port of a passive component and is defined
as follows:
 
P
refl
 
RL=−10log
i 10
 
P
i
 
where
P is the optical power la
...

IEC 61202-1 ®
Edition 4.0 2016-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic
isolators –
Part 1: Generic specification
Dispositifs d’interconnexion et composants passifs fibroniques – Isolateurs
fibroniques –
Partie 1: Spécification générique
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About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

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IEC 61202-1 ®
Edition 4.0 2016-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic

isolators –
Part 1: Generic specification
Dispositifs d’interconnexion et composants passifs fibroniques – Isolateurs

fibroniques –
Partie 1: Spécification générique

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.180.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-5273-4

– 2 – IEC 61202-1:2016 © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
3.1 Basic terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Component terms and definitions . 7
3.3 Performance parameter terms and definitions . 8
4 Requirements . 10
4.1 Classification . 10
4.1.1 General . 10
4.1.2 Type . 10
4.1.3 Style . 11
4.1.4 Variant . 11
4.1.5 Normative reference extensions. 11
4.2 Documentation . 12
4.2.1 Symbols . 12
4.2.2 Specification system . 12
4.2.3 Drawings . 13
4.2.4 Tests and measurements . 13
4.2.5 Test data sheets . 14
4.2.6 Instructions for use . 14
4.3 Standardization system . 14
4.3.1 Interface standards . 14
4.3.2 Performance standards . 14
4.3.3 Reliability standards . 14
4.3.4 Interlinking . 15
4.4 Design and construction . 16
4.4.1 Materials . 16
4.4.2 Workmanship . 16
4.5 Performance requirements . 16
4.6 Identification and marking . 17
4.6.1 General . 17
4.6.2 Variant identification number . 17
4.6.3 Component marking . 17
4.6.4 Package marking . 17
4.7 Packaging . 18
4.8 Storage conditions . 18
4.9 Safety . 18
Annex A (informative) Example of technology of bulk isolator based on magneto-optic
effect . 19
A.1 General . 19
A.2 Faraday rotator . 19
A.3 Analyser . 19
A.4 Birefringent crystal . 19
Annex B (informative) Example of technology of optical waveguide isolator . 22
B.1 General . 22
B.2 TE mode . 22

B.3 TM mode . 22
Bibliography . 24

Figure 1 – Configuration A – Device containing integral fibre optic pigtails without
connector . 11
Figure 2 – Configuration B – Device containing integral fibre optic pigtails, with a
connector on each pigtail . 11
Figure 3 – Configuration C – Device containing connectors as an integral part of the
device housing . 11
Figure 4 – Configuration D – Device containing some combination of the interfacing
features of the preceding configurations . 11
Figure 5 – Standards currently under preparation . 16
Figure A.1 – Polarization dependent optical isolator . 20
Figure A.2 – Polarization independent optical isolator . 21
Figure B.1 – Mode conversion type of the optical waveguide isolator . 22
Figure B.2 – Phase shifter type of the optical waveguide isolator . 23
Figure B.3 – TE mode and TM mode for optical waveguide isolator . 23

Table 1 – Two-level IEC specification structure . 12
Table 2 – Standards interlink matrix . 16

– 4 – IEC 61202-1:2016 © IEC 2016
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING DEVICES
AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –
FIBRE OPTIC ISOLATORS –
Part 1: Generic specification
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61202-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 86B: Fibre optic
interconnecting devices and passive components, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
This bilingual version (2018-01) corresponds to the monolingual English version, published in
2016-12.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2009. It constitutes a
technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) the terms and definitions were reconsidered;
b) quality assessment level was deleted from classification;

c) the clause numbers of Annexes A and B have been rearranged.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
86B/3989A/CDV 86B/4033RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61202 series, published under the general title Fibre optic
interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic isolators, can be found on the
IEC website.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 6 – IEC 61202-1:2016 © IEC 2016
FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING DEVICES
AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –
FIBRE OPTIC ISOLATORS –
Part 1: Generic specification
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61202 applies to isolators used in the field of fibre optics, all exhibiting the
following features:
• they are non-reciprocal optical devices, in which each port is either an optical fibre or fibre
optic connector;
• they are passive devices containing no opto-electronic or other transducing elements;
• they have two optical ports for directionally transmitting optical power.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60027 (all parts), Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
IEC 60050-731, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 731: Optical fibre
communication
IEC 60617 (all parts), Graphical symbols for diagrams (available at http://std.iec.ch/iec60617)
IEC 60695 (all parts), Fire hazard testing
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
IEC 61300 (all parts), Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic
test and measurement procedures
IEC TS 62627-09, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Vocabulary
for passive optical devices
ISO 129-1, Technical drawings – Indication of dimensions and tolerances – Part 1: General
principles
ISO 286-1, Geometrical product specification (GPS) – ISO code system for tolerances on
linear sizes – Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits
ISO 1101, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – Geometrical tolerancing – Tolerances
of form, orientation, location and run-out
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange –
Representation of dates and times

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-731,
IEC TS 62627-09 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Basic terms and definitions
3.1.1
port
optical fibre or fibre optic connector attached to a passive component for the entry and/or exit
of the optical power
3.1.2
input port
port for the entry of optical power
Note 1 to entry: An isolator is a directional device. The input port should be clearly marked.
3.1.3
output port
port for the exit of optical power
Note 1 to entry: An isolator is a directional device. The output port should be clearly marked.
3.1.4
backward direction
operational direction in which the power of the optical source launches into
the output port of an isolator
Note 1 to entry: This is the direction of optical power isolation.
3.1.5
forward direction
operational direction in which the power of the optical source launches into
the input port of an isolator
Note 1 to entry: This is the intentional direction of optical power transmission.
3.2 Component terms and definitions
3.2.1
fibre optic isolator
non-reciprocal optical device intended to suppress backward reflections along an optical fibre
transmission line while having minimum insertion loss in the forward direction
Note 1 to entry: Fibre optic isolators are commonly used to avoid reflections back into laser diodes and optical
amplifiers, which can make the laser and amplifiers oscillations unstable, and cause noise in the fibre optic
transmission system.
3.2.2
bulk isolator based on magneto-optic effect
type of isolator with discrete components including a suitable magneto-optic crystal (ferro-
magnetic crystal or paramagnetic glass, diamagnetic glass, etc.), of which the fundamental
principle is based on magneto-optic effect

– 8 – IEC 61202-1:2016 © IEC 2016
Note 1 to entry: The technology of a bulk isolator based on magneto-optic effect is described in Annex A.
3.2.3
in-line isolator
type of isolator with optical fibre for the entry input and output of the light
3.2.4
optical waveguide isolator
type of isolator with planer epitaxial magneto-optic crystal layers on a suitable substrate
Note 1 to entry: The technology of an optical waveguide isolator is described in Annex B.
3.2.5
polarization-dependent optical isolator
type of isolator not designed to have performance independent of the state of the polarization
of the incident light
3.2.6
polarization-independent optical isolator
type of isolator in which the optical performance characteristics are independent of the
polarization state of the incident light
3.2.7
polarization maintaining optical isolator
type of isolator with a polarization maintaining optical fibre for input and output, designed to
maintain polarization of the light, and which is adjusted to the optical axis of the polarization
maintaining optical fibre
3.2.8
single-stage isolator
type of isolator composed of a basic isolator unit such as a set of polarizer, faraday rotator
and analyser
3.2.9
dual-stage isolator
double-stage isolator
type of isolator composed of two basic isolator units connected in tandem for the purpose of
obtaining more backward loss
3.2.10
PMD compensated optical isolator
type of isolator designed to compensate the polarization mode dispersion which is intrinsic to
the birefringent crystal
3.3 Performance parameter terms and definitions
3.3.1
operating wavelength
wavelength at which a passive optical component is designed to operate with the specified
performance
3.3.2
operating wavelength range
specified range of wavelengths including all operating wavelengths
Note 1 to entry: In the case of an optical isolator as nominally a wavelength independent and wavelength non-
selective device, passband is nominally same as operating wavelength range.

3.3.3
insertion loss
maximum value of logarithmic transmission coefficient, a (where i ≠ j) within the passband for

ij
conducting port pair
Note 1 to entry: It is the optical attenuation from a given port to a port which is another port of conducting port
pair of the given port of a passive device. Insertion loss is a positive value in decibels. It is calculated as:
P 
out
IL=−10log  
 
P
 in
where
P is the optical power launched into the port;
in
P is the optical power received from the other port of the conducting port pair.
out
Note 2 to entry: In the case of an optical isolator as a non-reciprocal device, IL is defined as the maximum value
of attenuation from the input port to the output port.
Note 3 to entry: In the case of an optical isolator as nominally a wavelength independent and wavelength non-
selective device, passband is nominally same as operating wavelength range.
Note 4 to entry: In the case of a polarization-independent isolator, IL is defined as the maximum value for any
state of polarization of P .
in
Note 5 to entry: In the case of a polarization-dependent isolator, IL is defined as the linearly polarized light which
coincides with the polarizing direction of the polarizer in the isolator of P .
in
3.3.4
isolation
minimum value of a (where i ≠ j) for isolated port pair
ij
Note 1 to entry: In case of an optical isolator, isolation is the minimum attenuation value of backward direction.
Note 2 to entry: Isolation is a positive value expressed in dB.
3.3.5
polarization dependent loss
PDL
for polarization independent isolators, maximum variation of insertion loss caused by a
variation in the state of polarization (SOP) over all the SOPs.
3.3.6
polarization mode dispersion
PMD
for polarization-independent isolators, average delay of the travelling time between the two
principal states of polarization (PSP), when an optical signal passes through an optical
isolator
3.3.7
return loss
value of a (where i = j) of the logarithmic transfer matrix
ij
Note 1 to entry: It is the fraction of input power that is returned from a port of a passive component and is defined
as follows:
P 
refl
RL=−10log  
i 10
 
P
 i 
where
P is the optical power launched into a port;
i
P is the optical power received back from the same port.
refl
Note 2 to entry: For an optical isolator, return loss is defined for the input port and the output port.

– 10 – IEC 61202-1:2016 © IEC 2016
4 Requirements
4.1 Classification
4.1.1 General
Fibre optic isolators shall be classified as follows:
• type;
• style;
• variant;
• environmental category;
• normative reference extensions.
An example of a typical isolator classification is as follows:
Type: – Name: Type OIFR
bulk isolators based on the Faraday rotation
– Operating wavelength band: C-band
– Polarization sensitivity: polarization independent
– Configuration: C
Style: – Connector type: SC
– Fibre type: IEC type B 1.1
– Means of mounting
Variant: – ………………………
Normative reference extensions:

4.1.2 Type
Isolators are divided into types.
• By their fabrication technology:
– bulk isolators based on the magneto-optic effect;
– optical waveguide isolators;
– other fabrication technologies.
• By their polarization selectivity:
– polarization dependent isolators;
– polarization independent isolators;
– polarization maintain optical isolator.
• By their operational principles:
– magneto-optic Faraday effect;
– magneto-optic Cotton-Mouton effect and Kerr effect.
• By their operating wavelength band:
– O-band (e.g. nominal wavelength of 1 310 nm);
– C-band (e.g. nominal wavelength of 1 550 nm);
– L-band (e.g. nominal wavelength of 1 590 nm);
– other wavelength band isolators.

4.1.3 Style
Optical isolators may be classified into styles based upon fibre type(s), connector type(s),
cable type(s), housing shape and dimensions, and configuration. The configuration of the
isolator ports is classified as showed in Figures 1 to 4:
Isolator
Pigtail Pigtail
L1 L2
IEC
Figure 1 – Configuration A – Device containing integral
fibre optic pigtails without connector
Isolator
Connector
Connector
L1 L2
IEC
Figure 2 – Configuration B – Device containing integral fibre optic
pigtails, with a connector on each pigtail
Isolator
Connector Connector
IEC
Figure 3 – Configuration C – Device containing connectors as an integral part of the
device housing
Isolator
Pigtail
Connector
L
IEC
Figure 4 – Configuration D – Device containing some combination of the interfacing
features of the preceding configurations
4.1.4 Variant
The isolator variant identifies those common features which encompass structurally similar
components. Examples of features which define a variant include, but are not limited to, the
following:
• position and orientation of ports on housing;
• means of mounting.
4.1.5 Normative reference extensions
Normative reference extensions are used to identify independent standards specifications or
other reference documents integrated into relevant specifications.

– 12 – IEC 61202-1:2016 © IEC 2016
Unless a specified exception is noted, additional requirements imposed by an extension are
mandatory. Usage is primarily intended to merge associated components to form hybrid
devices, or integrated functional application requirements that are dependent on technical
expertise other than fibre optics.
Some fibre optic isolator configurations require special qualification provisions which shall not
be imposed universally. This accommodates individual component design configurations,
specialised field tooling, or specific application processes. In this case, requirements are
necessary to guarantee repeatable performance or adequate safety, and provide additional
guidance for complete product specification. These extensions are mandatory whenever used
to prepare, assemble or install an optical fibre splice either for field application usage or
preparation of qualification test specimens. The relevant specification shall clarify all
stipulations. However, design and style dependent extensions shall not be imposed
universally.
Some commercial or residential building applications can require direct reference to specific
safety codes and regulations or incorporate other specific material flammability or toxicity
requirements for specialised locations.
Specialized field tooling can require an extension to implement specific ocular safety,
electrical shock or burn hazard avoidance requirements, or require isolation procedures to
prevent potential ignition of combustible gases.
4.2 Documentation
4.2.1 Symbols
Graphical and letter symbols shall, whenever possible, be taken from IEC 60027 (all parts)
and IEC 60617 (all parts).
4.2.2 Specification system
4.2.2.1 General
This document is part of a two-level IEC specification system. This system is shown in Table
1. There are no sectional specifications for isolators.
Table 1 – Two-level IEC specification structure
Specification Examples of information Applicable to
level to be included
Basic Assessment system rules Two or more component families or
sub-families
Inspection rules
Optical measurement methods
Sampling plans
Identification rule
Marking standards
Dimensional standards
Terminology
Symbol
Preferred number series
SI units
Specification Examples of information Applicable to
level to be included
Generic Specific terminology Component family
Specific symbols
Specific units
Preferred values
Marking
Selection of tests
Qualification approval and/or
capability approval procedures

4.2.3 Drawings
4.2.3.1 General
The drawings and dimensions given in relevant specifications shall not restrict themselves to
details of construction, nor shall they be used as manufacturing drawings.
4.2.3.2 Projection system
Either first-angle or third-angle projection shall be used for the drawings in documents
covered by this document. All drawings within a document shall use the same projection
system, and the drawings shall state which system is used.
4.2.3.3 Dimensional system
All dimensions shall be given in accordance with ISO 129-1, ISO 286-1 and ISO 1101.
The metric system shall be used in all specifications.
Dimensions shall not contain more than five significant digits.
When units are converted, a note shall be added in each relevant specification, and the
conversion between systems of units shall use a factor of 25,4 mm to 1 inch.
4.2.4 Tests and measurements
4.2.4.1 Test and measurement procedures
The test and measurement procedures for optical, mechanical, climatic, and environmental
characteristics of isolators to be used shall be defined and selected preferentially from
IEC 61300 (all parts).
The size measurement method to be used shall be specified in the relevant specification for
dimensions which are specified within a total tolerance zone of 0,01 mm or less.
4.2.4.2 Reference components
Reference components, if required, shall be specified in the relevant specification.
NOTE No reference component is generally used to fibre optic isolators.
4.2.4.3 Gauges
Gauges, if required, shall be specified in the relevant specification.
NOTE Gauge is not generally used for fibre optic isolators.

– 14 – IEC 61202-1:2016 © IEC 2016
4.2.5 Test data sheets
Test data sheets shall be prepared for each test conducted as required by a relevant
specification. The data sheets shall be included in the qualification report and in the periodic
inspection report.
Data sheets shall contain the following information:
• title of test and date;
• specimen description including the type of fibre, connector or other coupling device. The
description shall also include the style identification number (see 4.6.2);
• test equipment used and date of latest calibration;
• all applicable test details;
• all measurement values and observations;
• sufficiently detailed documentation to provide traceable information for failure analysis.
4.2.6 Instructions for use
Instructions for use, when required, shall be given by the manufacturer and shall include the
following information:
• assembly and connection instructions;
• cleaning method;
• safety aspects;
• additional information as necessary.
4.3 Standardization system
4.3.1 Interface standards
No interface standard is used for fibre optic isolators. When either the input port or output port
has an optical connector, the optical connector shall accord with the relevant optical
connector interface standard.
4.3.2 Performance standards
Performance standards contain a series of tests and measurements (which may or may not be
grouped into a specified schedule depending on the requirements of that standard) with
clearly defined conditions, severities, and pass/fail criteria. The tests are intended to be run
on a “once-off” basis to prove any product’s ability to satisfy the “performance standards”
requirement. Each performance standard has a different set of tests and/or severities (and/or
groupings) and represents the requirements of a market sector, user group or system location.
A product that has been shown to meet all the requirements of a performance standard can
be declared as complying with a performance standard but should then be controlled by a
quality assurance/quality conformance programme.
It is possible to define a key point of the test and measurements standards for their
application (particularly with regard to attenuation and return loss) in conjunction with the
interface standards of inter-product compatibility. Certain conformance of each individual
product to this standard will be ensured.
4.3.3 Reliability standards
Reliability standards are intended to ensure that a component can meet performance
specifications under stated conditions for a stated time period.

For each type of component, the following shall be identified (and appear in the standard):
• failure modes (observable general mechanical or optical effects of failure);
• failure mechanisms (general causes of failure, common to several components);
• failure effects (detailed causes of failure, specific to component).
These are all related to environmental and material aspects.
Initially, just after component manufacture, there is an “infant mortality phase” during which
many components would fail if deployed in the field. To avoid early field failure, all
components may be subjected to screen process in the factory involving environmental
stresses that may be mechanical, thermal or humidity-related. This is to induce known failure
mechanisms in a controlled environmental situation to occur earlier than would normally be
seen in the unscreened population. For those components that survive (and are then sold),
there is a reduced failure rate since these mechanisms have been eliminated.
Screening is an optional part of the manufacturing process rather than a test method. It will
not affect the “useful life” of a component defined as the period during which it performs
according to specifications. Eventually, other failure mechanisms appear, and the failure rate
increases beyond the defined threshold. At this point, the “useful life” ends and the “wear-out
region” begins, and the component shall be replaced.
At the beginning of useful life, performance testing on a sampled population of components
may be applied by the supplier, by the manufacturer, or by a third party. This is to ensure that
the component meets performance specifications over the range of intended environments at
this initial time. Reliability testing, on the other hand, is applied to ensure that the component
meets performance specifications for at least a specified minimum useful lifetime or specified
maximum failure rate. These tests are usually done by utilizing the performance testing, but
increasing duration and severity in order to accelerate the failure mechanisms.
A reliability theory relates component reliability testing to component parameters and to
lifetime or failure rate under testing. The theory then extrapolates these to lifetime or failure
rate under less stressful service conditions. The reliability specifications include values of the
component parameters needed to ensure the specified minimum lifetime or maximum failure
rate in service.
4.3.4 Interlinking
Standards currently under preparation are given in Figure 5. A large number of the test and
measurements standards already exist.
With regard to interface, performance and reliability standards, once all three of these
standards are in place, the matrix given in Table 2 demonstrates some of the other options
available for product standardization.
Product A is fully IEC standardized, having a standard interface and meeting defined
performance standards and reliability standards.
Product B is a product with a proprietary interface but which meets a defined IEC performance
standard and reliability standard.
Product C is a product which complies with an IEC standard interface but does not meet the
requirements of either an IEC performance or reliability standard.
Product D is a product which complies with both an IEC standard interface and performance
standard but does not meet any reliability requirements.

– 16 – IEC 61202-1:2016 © IEC 2016
Obviously, the matrix is more complex than shown since there will be a number of interface,
performance and reliability standards which can cross-refer. In addition, the products can all
be subject to a quality assurance programme that could be under IEC qualification approval,
capability approval, technology approval (as Table 2 attempts to demonstrate), or even a
national or company quality assurance system.
Test and Interface Performance Reliability
measurement
See See See See
IEC 61300 (all parts) IEC 61754 (all parts) IEC 61753 (all parts) IEC 62005 (all parts)
(IEC 60068 (all parts))
IEC
specification
structure
-------------------
Generic
specification
IEC
Figure 5 – Standards currently under preparation
Table 2 – Standards interlink matrix
Interface standard Performance standard Reliability standard
Product A Yes Yes Yes
Product B No Yes Yes
Product C Yes No No
Product D Yes Yes No
4.4 Design and construction
4.4.1 Materials
All materials used in the construction of isolator sets shall be corrosion resistant or suitably
finished to meet the requirements of the relevant specification.
When non-flammable materials are required, the requirement shall be specified in the
specification, and IEC 60695 (all parts) shall be referenced.
4.4.2 Workmanship
Components and associated hardware shall be manufactured to a uniform quality and shall be
free of sharp edges, burrs or other defects that will affect life, serviceability or appearance.
Particular attention shall be given to neatness and thoroughness of marking, plating, soldering,
bonding, etc.
4.5 Performance requirements
Isolators shall meet the performance requirements specified in the relevant specification.

4.6 Identification and marking
4.6.1 General
Components, associated hardware, and packages shall be permanently and legibly identified
and marked when required by the relevant specification.
4.6.2 Variant identification number
Each variant in a detail specification shall be assigned a variant identification number. The
number shall consist of the number assigned to the performance specification followed by a
two-digit dash number. The first digit of the dash number shall be sequentially assigned to
each component type covered by the detail specification. The last three digits shall be
sequentially assigned to each variant of the component.
EXAMPLE IEC 61753-061-2- 1-001

Detail specification number
Component
...