IEC TS 62600-40:2019
(Main)Marine energy - Wave, tidal and other water current converters - Part 40: Acoustic characterization of marine energy converters
Marine energy - Wave, tidal and other water current converters - Part 40: Acoustic characterization of marine energy converters
IEC TS 62600-40:2019 provides uniform methodologies to consistently characterize the sound produced by the operation of marine energy converters that generate electricity, including wave, current, and ocean thermal energy conversion. This document does not include the characterization of sound associated with installation, maintenance, or decommissioning of these converters, nor does it establish thresholds for determining environmental impacts. Characterization refers to received levels of sound at particular ranges, depths, and orientations to a marine energy converter.
The scope of this document encompasses methods and instrumentation to characterize sound near marine energy converters, as well as the presentation of this information for use by regulatory agencies, industry, and researchers. Guidance is given for instrumentation calibration, deployment methods around specific types of marine energy converters, analysis procedures, and reporting requirements.
This document is applicable to characterization of sound from individual converters and arrays. This document primarily describes measurement procedures for individual converters, with extension to arrays discussed in informative Annex.
General Information
Standards Content (sample)
IEC TS 62600-40
Edition 1.0 2019-06
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Marine energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters –
Part 40: Acoustic characterization of marine energy converters
IEC TS 62600-40:2019-06(en)
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IEC TS 62600-40
Edition 1.0 2019-06
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
Marine energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters –
Part 40: Acoustic characterization of marine energy converters
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 27.140 ISBN 978-2-8322-6926-8
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – IEC TS 62600-40:2019 © IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 5
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 7
1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 8
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................... 8
3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................... 9
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ..................................................................................... 11
5 Outline of method .......................................................................................................... 11
6 Instrumentation .............................................................................................................. 12
6.1 Sound measurement system ................................................................................. 12
6.1.1 General ......................................................................................................... 12
6.1.2 Frequency range ........................................................................................... 13
6.1.3 Sensitivity and dynamic range ....................................................................... 13
6.1.4 Hydrophone directionality .............................................................................. 13
6.1.5 Data acquisition and playback system ........................................................... 13
6.1.6 Calibration ..................................................................................................... 13
6.2 Deployment platforms for sound measurement systems ........................................ 14
6.2.1 Fixed platforms .............................................................................................. 14
6.2.2 Drifting platforms ........................................................................................... 14
6.2.3 Flow-noise and self-noise minimization .......................................................... 16
6.3 Contextual measurements ..................................................................................... 16
6.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 16
6.3.2 Winds ............................................................................................................ 16
6.3.3 Waves ........................................................................................................... 17
6.3.4 Currents ........................................................................................................ 17
6.3.5 Sound speed profiles ..................................................................................... 18
6.3.6 Marine energy converter output ..................................................................... 18
7 Measurements and measurement procedures ................................................................ 19
7.1 Metocean conditions ............................................................................................. 19
7.1.1 General ......................................................................................................... 19
7.1.2 Winds ............................................................................................................ 19
7.1.3 Waves ........................................................................................................... 19
7.1.4 Currents ........................................................................................................ 19
7.2 Potential sources of acoustic masking ................................................................... 19
7.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 19
7.2.2 Vessel noise .................................................................................................. 20
7.2.3 Biological noise sources ................................................................................ 20
7.2.4 Precipitation .................................................................................................. 20
7.2.5 Air traffic ........................................................................................................ 20
7.2.6 Physical sources............................................................................................ 20
7.3 Underwater sound from marine energy converters ................................................ 20
7.3.1 Levels of characterization .............................................................................. 20
7.3.2 Measurement frequency range....................................................................... 20
7.4 Wave energy converters ....................................................................................... 21
7.4.1 WEC characteristics ...................................................................................... 21
7.4.2 Sound measurement system deployment ....................................................... 22
7.4.3 Temporal resolution ....................................................................................... 22
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7.4.4 Spatial resolution ........................................................................................... 22
7.4.5 Sound speed profiles ..................................................................................... 23
7.5 Current energy converters .................................................................................... 23
7.5.1 CEC characteristics ....................................................................................... 23
7.5.2 Sound measurement system deployment ....................................................... 23
7.5.3 Temporal resolution ....................................................................................... 24
7.5.4 Spatial resolution ........................................................................................... 24
7.5.5 Sound speed profiles ..................................................................................... 25
7.6 Ocean thermal energy converters ......................................................................... 25
7.6.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 25
7.6.2 Sound measurement system deployment ....................................................... 26
7.6.3 Temporal resolution ....................................................................................... 26
7.6.4 Spatial resolution ........................................................................................... 26
7.6.5 Sound speed profiles ..................................................................................... 27
8 Data analysis procedures .............................................................................................. 27
8.1 General ................................................................................................................. 27
8.2 Metocean conditions ............................................................................................. 27
8.2.1 Winds ............................................................................................................ 27
8.2.2 Waves ........................................................................................................... 28
8.2.3 Currents ........................................................................................................ 28
8.3 Sound speed profiles ............................................................................................ 28
8.4 Marine energy converter output............................................................................. 28
8.4.1 General ......................................................................................................... 28
8.4.2 Wave energy converters ................................................................................ 28
8.4.3 Current energy converters ............................................................................. 28
8.4.4 Ocean thermal energy converters .................................................................. 28
8.5 Underwater sound ................................................................................................. 29
8.5.1 General ......................................................................................................... 29
8.5.2 Acoustic signal processing............................................................................. 29
8.5.3 Geo-referencing of drifting acoustic measurements ....................................... 30
8.5.4 Global sample acceptance criteria ................................................................. 30
8.5.5 Considerations specific to wave energy converters ........................................ 31
8.5.6 Considerations specific to current energy converters ..................................... 32
8.5.7 Considerations specific to ocean thermal energy converters .......................... 32
8.5.8 Aggregate statistics ....................................................................................... 33
9 Information to be reported ............................................................................................. 33
9.1 Sound measurement system ................................................................................. 33
9.2 Marine energy conversion system ......................................................................... 34
9.3 Measurement site ................................................................................................. 34
9.4 Contextual measurements ..................................................................................... 34
9.5 Specific reporting for wave energy converters ....................................................... 35
9.5.1 Level A .......................................................................................................... 35
9.5.2 Level B .......................................................................................................... 37
9.6 Specific reporting for current energy converters .................................................... 37
9.6.1 Level A .......................................................................................................... 37
9.6.2 Level B .......................................................................................................... 37
9.7 Specific reporting for ocean thermal energy converters ......................................... 37
9.7.1 Level A .......................................................................................................... 37
9.7.2 Level B .......................................................................................................... 38
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Annex A (informative) Sound within and around arrays ....................................................... 39
Annex B (informative) Additional measurements for source level estimation ........................ 40
Annex C (informative) Approaches to minimizing flow-noise ................................................. 41
C.1 General ................................................................................................................. 41
C.2 Methods specific to measurements in waves ......................................................... 41
C.3 Methods specific to measurements in currents ...................................................... 41
C.4 General methods .................................................................................................. 42
C.5 Methods to mitigate flow-noise distortion .............................................................. 42
Annex D (informative) Approaches to minimizing self-noise ................................................. 43
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 1 – Hydrophone orientation relative to WEC ............................................................... 23
Figure 2 – Zones for drifting CEC measurements .................................................................. 25
Figure 3 – Zones for drifting OTEC measurements ................................................................ 27
Figure 4 – Example grid of median MEC sound pressure levels as a function ofsignificant wave height and energy period ............................................................................. 35
Shaded region denotes interquartile range. ........................................................................... 36
Figure 5 – Example of median mean-square sound pressure spectral density levelvariations as a function of sea state for a single spatial position ........................................... 36
Figure 6 – Example of median decidecade sound pressure level variations as afunction of sea state for a single spatial position ................................................................... 36
Table 1 – Summary of measurement procedures .................................................................. 12
Table 2 – Minimum measurement grades for metocean observations by category ofmarine energy converter ....................................................................................................... 16
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MARINE ENERGY – WAVE, TIDAL AND
OTHER WATER CURRENT CONVERTERS –
Part 40: Acoustic characterization of marine energy converters
FOREWORD
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The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In
exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical
specification when• the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
despite repeated efforts, or• the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the
future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard.
Technical specifications are subject to review within three years of publication to decide
whether they can be transformed into International Standards.IEC TS 62600-40, which is a Technical Specification, has been prepared by IEC technical
committee 114: Marine energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters.---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
– 6 – IEC TS 62600-40:2019 © IEC 2019
The text of this Technical Specifications based on the following documents:
Draft TS Report on voting
114/297/DTS 114/307/RVDTS
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62600 series, published under the general title Marine energy –
Wave, tidal and other water current converters, can be found on the IEC website.This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it
correct understanding of itscontains colours which are considered to be useful for the
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
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IEC TS 62600-40:2019 © IEC 2019 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this document is to provide uniform methodologies that will ensure
consistency and accuracy in the measurement and analysis of acoustical emissions from
marine energy converters. These systems include wave, current (tidal, ocean, and river), and
ocean thermal energy conversion. The document provides guidance on the measurement,
analysis, and reporting of acoustic emissions from marine energy converters and has been
prepared with the anticipation that it would be applied by:• Marine energy converter manufacturers striving to meet well-defined acoustic emission
performance requirements and/or a possible declaration system;• Purchasers of marine energy converters to specify such performance requirements;
• Operators of marine energy converters who may be required to verify that stated, or
required, acoustic performance specifications are met for new or refurbished units;
• Operators of marine energy test sites, who may be required to assess conformity with
consented acoustic levels at their sites;• Marine energy converter planners or regulators who must be able to accurately and fairly
define acoustical emission characteristics of marine energy converters in response to
environmental regulations or permit requirements for new or modified installations.
The methods and reporting requirements in this document ensure that continuingdevelopment and operation of marine energy converters is carried out in an atmosphere of
consistent and accurate communication relative to environmental concerns.---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
– 8 – IEC TS 62600-40:2019 © IEC 2019
MARINE ENERGY – WAVE, TIDAL AND
OTHER WATER CURRENT CONVERTERS –
Part 40: Acoustic characterization of marine energy converters
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62600 provides uniform methodologies to consistently characterize the sound
produced by the operation of marine energy converters that generate electricity, including
wave, current, and ocean thermal energy conversion. This document does not include the
characterization of sound associated with installation, maintenance, or decommissioning of
these converters, nor does it establish thresholds for determining environmental impacts.
Characterization refers to received levels of sound at particular ranges, depths, and
orientations to a marine energy converter. Informative Annex B provides guidance on
additional measurements that would be necessary to estimate source levels.The scope of this document encompasses methods and instrumentation to characterize sound
near marine energy converters, as well as the presentation of this information for use by
regulatory agencies, industry, and researchers. Guidance is given for instrumentation
calibration, deployment methods around specific types of marine energy converters, analysis
procedures, and reporting requirements.This document is applicable to characterization of sound from individual converters and
arrays. This document primarily describes measurement procedures for individual converters,
with extension to arrays discussed in informative Annex A.2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.IEC 60565, Underwater acoustics – Hydrophones – Calibration in the frequency range 0,01
Hz to 1 MHzIEC 61108-4, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems – Global
navigation satellite systems (GNSS) – Part 4: Shipborne DGPS and DGLONASS maritime
radio beacon receiver equipment – Performance requirements, methods of testing and
required test resultsIEC 61400-12-1, Wind energy generation systems – Part 12-1: Power performance
measurements of electricity producing wind turbines
IEC TS 62600-1, Marine energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters – Part 1:
TerminologyIEC TS 62600-20, Marine energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters – Part 20:
Design and analysis of an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plant – Generalguidance
IEC TS 62600-100, Marine energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters – Part
100: Electricity producing wave energy converters – Power performance assessment---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
IEC TS 62600-40:2019 © IEC 2019 – 9 –
IEC TS 62600-200, Marine energy – Wave, tidal and other water current converters – Part
200: Electricity producing tidal energy converters – Power performance assessment
ISO 17208-1, Underwater acoustics – Quantities and procedures for description and
measurement of underwater sound from ships – Part 1: Requirements for precisionmeasurements in deep water used for comparison purposes
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC TS 62600-1 and the
following apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
acoustic self-noise
sound at a receiver caused by the deployment, operation, or recovery of the receiver, and its
associated platform[SOURCE: ISO 18405:2016, 2.1.1.5]
3.2
ambient noise
all sound, except acoustic self-noise and sound associated with a specified signal
[SOURCE: ISO 18405:2016, 2.1.1.6, modified – Notes not relevant to this document have
been removed.]3.3
flow-noise
non-acoustic pressure fluctuations measured by a pressure-sensitive instrument
Note 1 to entry: This is sometimes referred to as “hydrodynamic noise”.
Note 2 to entry: Moving water can also excite structures, causing them to radiate acoustic pressure, but this is
categorized as acoustic self-noise.3.4
mean-square sound pressure spectral density
distribution as a function of frequency of the mean-square sound pressure per unit bandwidth
of a sound having a continuous spectrumNote 1 to entry: Mean-square sound pressure spectral density is expressed in units of pascal squared per hertz
(Pa /Hz).Note 2 to entry: For operational purposes, mean-square sound pressure spectral density is estimated as the
mean-square sound pressure in a finite frequency band divided by the frequency bandwidth. The averaging time
and frequency band shall be specified.[SOURCE: ISO 18405: 2016, 2.1.3.13, modified
...
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