IEC 62660-3:2022
(Main)Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 3: Safety requirements
Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 3: Safety requirements
IEC 62660-3:2022 is available as IEC 62660-3:2022 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 62660-3:2022 specifies test procedures and acceptance criteria for safety performance of secondary lithium-ion cells and cell blocks used for propulsion of electric vehicles (EV) including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). This document determines the basic safety performance of cells used in a battery pack and system under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or incident, during the normal operation of the EV. The safety requirements of the cell in this document are based on the premise that the cells are properly used in a battery pack and system within the limits for voltage, current and temperature as specified by the cell manufacturer (cell operating region).
Eléments d'accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers électriques - Partie 3: Exigences de sécurité
IEC 62660-3:2022 est disponible sous forme de IEC 62660-3:2022 RLV qui contient la Norme internationale et sa version Redline, illustrant les modifications du contenu technique depuis l'édition précédente.L'IEC 62660-3:2022 spécifie les procédures d'essai et les critères d'acceptation en matière de performance de sécurité des éléments d'accumulateurs lithium-ion et des blocs d'éléments utilisés pour la propulsion des véhicules électriques (VE), y compris les véhicules électriques à batterie (VEB) et les véhicules électriques hybrides (VEH). Le présent document a pour objet de déterminer les performances de sécurité de base des éléments utilisés dans un groupe et système de batteries dans les conditions d'utilisation prévue et les mauvaises utilisations ou incidents raisonnablement prévisibles, pendant le fonctionnement normal du VE. Dans le présent document, les exigences de sécurité de l'élément s'appuient sur l'hypothèse selon laquelle les éléments sont correctement utilisés dans un groupe et système de batteries dans les limites de tension, de courant et de température spécifiées par le fabricant de l'élément (plage de fonctionnement de l'élément).
General Information
Standards Content (sample)
IEC 62660-3
Edition 2.0 2022-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –
Part 3: Safety requirements
Éléments d’accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers
électriques –
Partie 3: Exigences de sécurité
IEC 62660-3:2022-03(en-fr)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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IEC 62660-3
Edition 2.0 2022-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –
Part 3: Safety requirements
Éléments d’accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers
électriques –
Partie 3: Exigences de sécurité
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.220.20; 43.120 ISBN 978-2-8322-1083-3
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical CommissionMarque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – IEC 62660-3:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 4
1 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 6
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................... 6
3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................... 6
4 Test conditions ................................................................................................................ 9
4.1 General ................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Measuring instruments ............................................................................................ 9
4.2.1 Range of measuring devices ............................................................................ 9
4.2.2 Voltage measurement ...................................................................................... 9
4.2.3 Current measurement ...................................................................................... 9
4.2.4 Temperature measurements ............................................................................ 9
4.2.5 Other measurements ..................................................................................... 10
4.3 Tolerance ............................................................................................................. 10
4.4 Thermal stabilization ............................................................................................. 10
5 Electrical measurement ................................................................................................. 10
5.1 General charge conditions .................................................................................... 10
5.2 Capacity ............................................................................................................... 11
5.3 SOC adjustment .................................................................................................... 11
6 Safety tests ................................................................................................................... 11
6.1 General ................................................................................................................. 11
6.2 Mechanical tests ................................................................................................... 12
6.2.1 Mechanical shock .......................................................................................... 12
6.2.2 Crush ............................................................................................................ 12
6.3 Thermal test .......................................................................................................... 13
6.3.1 High temperature endurance.......................................................................... 13
6.3.2 Temperature cycling ...................................................................................... 13
6.4 Electrical tests ...................................................................................................... 14
6.4.1 External short-circuit ...................................................................................... 14
6.4.2 Overcharge .................................................................................................... 14
6.4.3 Forced discharge ........................................................................................... 14
6.4.4 Internal short-circuit test ................................................................................ 15
Annex A (informative) Operating region of cells for safe use ................................................ 17
A.1 General ................................................................................................................. 17
A.2 Charging conditions for safe use ........................................................................... 17
A.2.1 General ......................................................................................................... 17
A.2.2 Consideration on charging voltage ................................................................. 17
A.2.3 Consideration on temperature ........................................................................ 18
A.3 Example of operating region ................................................................................. 19
Annex B (informative) Explanation for the internal short-circuit test ...................................... 20
B.1 General concept ................................................................................................... 20
B.2 Internal short-circuit caused by the particle contamination .................................... 20
Annex C (normative) Alternative internal short-circuit test (6.4.4.2.2) ................................... 22
C.1 General ................................................................................................................. 22
C.2 Test preparation and test set-up ........................................................................... 22
C.2.1 Preparation of cell before the test .................................................................. 22
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C.2.2 Test setup ..................................................................................................... 24
C.2.3 Preliminary test ............................................................................................. 25
C.3 Test procedure ...................................................................................................... 26
C.4 Acceptance criteria ............................................................................................... 26
Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 1 – Example of temperature measurement of cell ....................................................... 10
Figure 2 – Example of crush test ........................................................................................... 13
Figure A.1 – An example of operating region for charging of typical lithium-ion cells ............. 19
Figure A.2 – An example of operating region for discharging of typical lithium-ion cells ........ 19
Figure C.1 – Example of case thinning .................................................................................. 22
Figure C.2 – Example of thinning tool ................................................................................... 23
Figure C.3 – Example of removing hard case ........................................................................ 23
Figure C.4 – Example of hard case removal method during cell manufacturing ..................... 23
Figure C.5 – Example of fixation of cell ................................................................................. 24
Figure C.6 – Test setup image for voltage measurement ....................................................... 24
Figure C.7 – Example of abrupt voltage drop ........................................................................ 25
Table B.1 – Examples of the internal short-circuit of cell ....................................................... 20
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION CELLS FOR THE PROPULSION
OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –
Part 3: Safety requirements
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62660-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 21: Secondary cells and batteries.
It is an International Standard.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2016. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:a) The new method for the internal short-circuit test has been added in 6.4.4.2.2 and Annex C,
as an alternative option to the test in 6.4.4.2.1.b) The vibration test has been deleted.
c) The test conditions of overcharge (6.4.2.2) have been partially revised.
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IEC 62660-3:2022 © IEC 2022 – 5 –
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
21/1133/FDIS 21/1137/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.A list of all parts in the IEC 62660 series, published under the general title Secondary lithium-ion
cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
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SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION CELLS FOR THE PROPULSION
OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –
Part 3: Safety requirements
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62660 specifies test procedures and acceptance criteria for safety performance
of secondary lithium-ion cells and cell blocks used for propulsion of electric vehicles (EV)
including battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).This document determines the basic safety performance of cells used in a battery pack and
system under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or incident, during the normal
operation of the EV. The safety requirements of the cell in this document are based on the
premise that the cells are properly used in a battery pack and system within the limits for voltage,
current and temperature as specified by the cell manufacturer (cell operating region).
The evaluation of the safety of cells during transport and storage is not covered by this
document.NOTE 1 The safety performance requirements for lithium-ion battery packs and systems are defined in ISO 6469‑1.
The specifications and safety requirements for lithium-ion battery packs and systems of electrically propelled mopeds
and motorcycles are defined in ISO 18243. IEC 62619 covers the safety requirements for the lithium-ion cells and
batteries for industrial applications, including, for example, forklift trucks, golf carts, and automated guided vehicles.
NOTE 2 Lithium cells, modules, battery packs, and battery systems are regulated by International Air Transport
Association (IATA) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) for air and sea transport, and, regionally, by other
authorities, mainly for land transport. Refer to IEC 62281 for additional information.
2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.IEC 62619:— , Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes
– Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications
IEC 62660-2:2018, Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –
Part 2: Reliability and abuse testingISO/TR 8713, Electrically propelled road vehicles – Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TR 8713 and the
following apply.___________
Second edition under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: IEC FDIS 62619:2021.
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ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
BEV
battery electric vehicle
electric vehicle with only a traction battery as power source for vehicle propulsion
3.2cell block
group of cells connected together in parallel configuration with or without protective devices
(e.g. fuse or positive temperature coefficient resistor (PTC)) and not yet fitted with its final
housing, terminal arrangement or electronic control device3.3
cylindrical cell
cell with a cylindrical shape in which the overall height is equal to or greater than the diameter
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-39]3.4
explosion
failure that occurs when a cell container opens violently and its solid contents are forcibly
expelled3.5
fire
emission of flames from a cell or cell block for more than 1 s
Note 1 to entry: Sparks and arcing are not considered as flames.
3.6
HEV
hybrid electric vehicle
vehicle with both a rechargeable energy storage system and a fuelled power source for
propulsion3.7
internal short-circuit
unintentional electrical connection between the negative and positive electrodes inside a cell
3.8leakage
visible escape of liquid electrolyte from a part, except for a vent, such as the case, sealing part,
and/or terminals of the cell3.9
nominal voltage
suitable approximate value of the voltage used to designate or identify a cell
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-31, modified – Deletion of "a battery or an
electrochemical system" at the end of the definition.]
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– 8 – IEC 62660-3:2022 © IEC 2022
3.10
pouch cell
cell having the shape of a parallelepiped whose faces are rectangular and with a prismatic
flexible laminate film case3.11
prismatic cell
cell having the shape of a parallelepiped whose faces are rectangular and with a prismatic hard
case[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-38, modified − The word "cell" has been added to the
term, "qualifies a cell or a battery" has been replaced with "cell" in the definition, and "and with
a prismatic hard case housing" has been added.]3.12
rated capacity
capacity value of a cell in ampere hours (Ah) determined under specified conditions and
declared by the cell manufacturerNote 1 to entry: The subscript n in C is the time base in hours (h). In this document, n = 3 for BEV application and
n = 1 for HEV application unless otherwise specified.Note 2 to entry: Term and definition based on IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-15.
3.13
reference test current
reference test current in amperes (A) which is expressed as
I = C / 1
t n
Note 1 to entry: 1 has a dimension of time in hours (h).
Note 2 to entry: See IEC 61434:1996, Clause 2.
3.14
rupture
mechanical failure of a container case of a cell induced by an internal or external cause,
resulting in exposure or spillage but not ejection of materials3.15
secondary lithium-ion cell
secondary single cell whose electrical energy is derived from the insertion/extraction reactions
of lithium-ions between the negative electrode and the positive electrodeNote 1 to entry: A secondary cell is a manufactured unit providing a source of electrical energy by direct conversion
of chemical energy. The cell consists of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals and, if any, separators. The
electrode can be monopolar or bipolar; the current collector of the former has active material of single polarity and
the latter has positive and negative electrode active materials. The electrolyte includes an ionic conductive liquid or
solid, or a mixture of them. The cell is designed to be charged electrically.Note 2 to entry: Where the term "cell" is used alone in this document, it refers to a secondary lithium-ion cell.
3.16SOC
state of charge
quantity of electricity stored in a cell expressed as a percentage of rated capacity
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3.17
upper limit charging voltage
highest charging voltage in the cell operating region, which is specified by the cell manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: Information on the cell operating region is provided in Annex A.
[SOURCE: IEC 62133-2:2017, 3.19, modified − Note to entry added.]3.18
venting
release of excessive internal pressure from a cell in a manner intended by design to preclude
rupture or explosion4 Test conditions
4.1 General
Unless otherwise stated in this document, cells shall be tested at room temperature. For the
purposes of this document, room temperature is 25 °C ± 2 K.The details of the instrumentation used shall be provided in any report of results.
Cell blocks can be tested as an alternative to cells in accordance with the agreement between
the cell manufacturer and the customer.Concerning the cell for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), the cell manufacturer can select
either the test condition of BEV application or of HEV application.NOTE Test and measurement can be conducted in a fixture as recommended by the cell manufacturer.
4.2 Measuring instruments4.2.1 Range of measuring devices
The instruments used shall enable the values of voltage and current to be measured. The range
of these instruments and measuring methods shall be chosen so as to ensure the accuracy
specified for each test.For analogue instruments, this implies that the readings shall be taken in the last third of the
graduated scale.Any other measuring instruments may be used provided they give an equivalent accuracy.
4.2.2 Voltage measurementThe resistance of the voltmeters used shall be at least 1 MΩ/V.
4.2.3 Current measurement
The entire assembly of ammeter, shunt and leads shall be of an accuracy class of 0,5 or better.
4.2.4 Temperature measurementsThe cell temperature shall be measured by use of a surface temperature measuring device
capable of an equivalent scale definition and accuracy of calibration as specified in 4.2.1. The
temperature should be measured at a location which most closely reflects the cell or cell block
temperature. The temperature may be measured at additional appropriate locations, if
necessary.---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
– 10 – IEC 62660-3:2022 © IEC 2022
The examples for temperature measurement are shown in Figure 1. The instructions for
temperature measurement specified by the cell manufacturer shall be followed.Figure 1 – Example of temperature measurement of cell
4.2.5 Other measurements
Other values may be measured by use of a measuring device, provided it complies with 4.3.
4.3 ToleranceThe overall accuracy of controlled or measured values, relative to the specified or actual values,
shall be within the following tolerances:a) ±0,1 % for voltage;
b) ±1 % for current;
c) ±2 K for temperature;
d) ±0,1 % for time;
e) ±0,1 % for mass;
f) ±0,1 % for dimensions.
These tolerances comprise the combined accuracy of the measuring instruments, the
measurement technique used, and all other sources of error in the test procedure.
4.4 Thermal stabilizationFor the stabilization of cell temperature, the cell shall be soaked to a specified ambient
temperature for a minimum of 12 h. This period may be reduced if thermal stabilization is
reached. Thermal stabilization is considered to be reached if after one interval of 1 h, the
change of cell temperature is l...
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