IEC 62077:2015

Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre optic circulators - Generic specification

IEC 62077:2015 applies to circulators used in the field of fibre optics bearing all of the following features:
- they are non-reciprocal optical devices, in which each port is either an optical fibre or fibre optic connector;
- they are passive devices in accordance with the categorization and definition provided in IEC TS 62538;
- they have three or more ports for directionally transmitting optical power. An example of optical circulator technology is described in Annex A. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: harmonization of some terms and definitions with other generic specifications, deletion of assessment level. Keywords: optical circulator

Dispositifs d'interconnexion et composants passifs fibroniques - Circulateurs fibroniques - Spécification générique

IEC 62077:2015 s’applique aux circulateurs utilisés dans le domaine de la fibronique, présentant toutes les caractéristiques suivantes:
· ce sont des dispositifs optiques non réciproques, dont chaque port est soit une fibre optique, soit un connecteur fibronique;
· ce sont des dispositifs passifs, conformément à la classification et à la définition données dans l'IEC TS 62538;
· ils disposent d'au moins trois ports pour la transmission de la puissance optique de façon directionnelle.
Un exemple de technologie pour les circulateurs optiques est décrit en Annexe A. Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 2010. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente: harmonisation de certains termes et définitions avec d'autres spécifications génériques, suppression du niveau d'assurance de la qualité.
Mots clés: circulateurs optiques

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 03-Nov-2015
• ICS: 33.180.20 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices
• Technical Committee: SC 86B - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components
• Drafting Committee: WG 7 - TC 86/SC 86B/WG 7
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Start Date: 10-Aug-2022
• Completion Date: 30-Nov-2020

Relations

• Revises: IEC 62077:2010 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre optic circulators - Generic specification
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revised: IEC 62077:2022 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre optic circulators - Generic specification
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Overview

IEC 62077:2015 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre optic circulators - Generic specification - is the international generic specification for fibre optic circulators (optical circulators). It applies to passive, non‑reciprocal devices with three or more fibre ports used to directionally transmit optical power. Edition 3.0 (2015) updates the 2010 edition by harmonizing terms and definitions with other IEC generic specifications and removing the previous assessment level. Annex A gives an example technology (magneto‑optic effect) and Annex B illustrates applications.

Key Topics

• Scope and definitions
  • Non‑reciprocal optical devices; ports are optical fibres or connectors.
  • Terms such as port, transfer matrix, transfer coefficient, logarithmic transfer matrix, completely/incompletely circulated type.
• Classification
  • Classification by type, style and variant to describe functional and mechanical configurations.
• Performance parameters
  • Transfer matrix and logarithmic transfer matrix to characterise power routing between ports.
  • Important performance metrics (e.g., insertion loss, isolation) are defined and illustrated.
• Documentation and testing
  • Requirements for drawings, specification system, test methods, and test reports to support reproducible verification.
• Design, construction and materials
  • General workmanship, materials guidance, identification/marking, packaging and storage conditions.
• Safety and standards alignment
  • Normative references include IEC 61300 series (fibre optic interconnecting devices), IEC TS 62538 (device categorization), IEC 60825 (laser safety) and related graphical/symbol standards.

Applications and Who Uses It

IEC 62077:2015 is relevant to:

• Component manufacturers designing or certifying fibre optic circulators for telecom, datacom and sensing systems.
• System integrators and OEMs specifying circulators for ring networks, bidirectional links, wavelength routing, optical add/drop and distributed sensing.
• Test laboratories and quality assurance teams verifying insertion loss, isolation and transfer matrices against internationally accepted definitions.
• Procurement/specification engineers who require standardized product descriptions, markings and documentation for interoperability. Practical benefits include improved interoperability, consistent testability, clearer procurement specs and safer deployment.

Related Standards

• IEC 61300 (all parts) - fibre optic interconnecting devices tests and measurements
• IEC TS 62538 - categorization/definitions for passive components
• IEC 60050‑731, IEC 60825, IEC TR 61930, IEC 60617 - terminology, safety and symbology
  For complete requirements and normative details, obtain IEC 62077:2015 from the IEC webstore.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 62077 ®
Edition 3.0 2015-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic
circulators – Generic specification

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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IEC 62077 ®
Edition 3.0 2015-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic

circulators – Generic specification

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.180.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-2988-0

– 2 – IEC 62077:2015  IEC 2015

CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4

1 Scope . 6

2 Normative references . 6

3 Terms and definitions . 7

3.1 Basic terms . 7

3.2 Component terms. 8

3.3 Performance parameters . 8

4 Requirements . 10
4.1 Classification . 10
4.1.1 General . 10
4.1.2 Type . 11
4.1.3 Style . 11
4.1.4 Variant . 12
4.1.5 Normative reference extensions. 12
4.2 Documentation . 13
4.2.1 Symbols . 13
4.2.2 Specification system . 13
4.2.3 Drawings . 15
4.2.4 Tests and measurements . 15
4.2.5 Test reports . 16
4.2.6 Instructions for use . 16
4.3 Standardization system . 16
4.3.1 Interface standards . 16
4.3.2 Performance standards . 17
4.3.3 Reliability standards . 17
4.3.4 Interlinking . 18
4.4 Design and construction . 19
4.4.1 Materials . 19
4.4.2 Workmanship . 19
4.5 Performance . 19
4.6 Identification and marking . 19
4.6.1 General . 19

4.6.2 Variant identification number . 19
4.6.3 Component marking . 20
4.6.4 Package marking . 20
4.7 Packaging . 20
4.8 Storage conditions . 20
4.9 Safety . 21
Annex A (informative) Example of technology of bulk circulator based on magneto-
optic effect . 22
Annex B (informative) Example of application of a circulator . 23
Bibliography . 24

Figure 1 – Completely circulated type configuration . 8
Figure 2 – Incompletely circulated type configuration . 8

Figure 3 – Insertion loss . 9

Figure 4 – Isolation . 9

Figure 5 – Optical circulator style configurations . 12

Figure 6 – Standards currently under preparation . 18

Figure 7 – Example of a variant identification number . 20

Figure A.1 – Example of a circulator . 22

Figure B.1 – Example of application of a circulator . 23

Table 1 – Example of a typical circulator set classification . 11
Table 2 – The IEC specification structure . 14
Table 3 – Standards interlink matrix . 19

– 4 – IEC 62077:2015  IEC 2015

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________
FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING
DEVICES AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –

FIBRE OPTIC CIRCULATORS – GENERIC SPECIFICATION

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62077 has been prepared by subcommittee 86B: Fibre optic
interconnecting devices and passive components, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) harmonization of some terms and definitions with other generic specifications,
b) deletion of assessment level.

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:

CDV Report on voting
86B/3862/CDV 86B/3918/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on

voting indicated in the above table.

This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

– 6 – IEC 62077:2015  IEC 2015

FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING
DEVICES AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –

FIBRE OPTIC CIRCULATORS – GENERIC SPECIFICATION

1 Scope
This International Standard applies to circulators used in the field of fibre optics bearing all of

the following features:
– they are non-reciprocal optical devices, in which each port is either an optical fibre or fibre
optic connector;
– they are passive devices in accordance with the categorization and definition provided in
IEC TS 62538;
– they have three or more ports for directionally transmitting optical power.
An example of optical circulator technology is described in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60027 (all parts), Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
IEC 60050-731, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 731: Optical fibre
communication (available at http://www.electropedia.org)
IEC 60617, Graphical symbols for diagrams (available at http://std.iec.ch/iec60617)
IEC 60695-11-5, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-5: Test flames – Needle-flame test method –
Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance
IEC 60825 (all parts), Safety of laser products

IEC 61300 (all parts), Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components
IEC TR 61930, Fibre optic graphical symbology
ISO 129-1, Technical drawings – Indication of dimensions and tolerances – Part 1: General
principles
ISO 286-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – ISO code system for tolerances on
linear sizes – Part 1: Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits
ISO 1101, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – Geometrical tolerancing – Tolerances
of form, orientation, location and run-out
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange –
Representation of dates and times

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-731and the

following apply.
3.1 Basic terms
3.1.1
port
optical fibre or optical fibre connector attached to a passive component for the entry and/or

exit of the optical power
3.1.2
transfer matrix
n × n matrix of coefficients where n is the number of ports, and the coefficients represent the
fractional optical power transferred between designated ports
Note 1 to entry: In general, the transfer matrix T is:
t t . t
 
11 12 1n
 
t
T = (1)
 
t
ij
 
t t t
 
 n1 n2 nn 
where
t is the ratio of the optical power P transferred out of port j with respect to input power P into port i, that is:
ij ij i
P
ij
t = (2)
ij
P
i
3.1.3
transfer coefficient
of the transfer matrix
element t
ij
3.1.4
logarithmic transfer matrix
n × n matrix of logarithmic transfer coefficients of a where n is the number of ports
ij
Note 1 to entry: In general, the logarithmic transfer matrix A is:

a a . a 
11 12 1n
 
a
 
A = (3)
 
a
ij
 
a a a
 n1 n2 nn 
where a is the optical power reduction, in decibels, out of port j with unit power into port i, that is:
ij
a = −10log t (4)
ij 10 ij
where t is the transfer matrix coefficient.
ij
3.1.5
conducting port pair
two ports i and j between which t is nominally greater than zero
ij
– 8 – IEC 62077:2015  IEC 2015

3.1.6
isolated port pair
two ports i and j between which t is nominally zero, and a is nominally infinite
ij ij
3.2 Component terms
3.2.1
fibre optic circulator
passive component possessing three or more ports which input and output are cyclic

Note 1 to entry: In the case of 3 ports circulator with port 1, port 2 and port 3, supposing optical power is
transmitted from port 1 to port 2, optical power from port 2 is transmitted to port 3.

3.2.2
completely circulated type
type of circulator where all ports can function as both input and output.
Note 1 to entry: In the case of a 3 port circulator with port 1, port 2 and port 3, where optical power is transmitted
from port 1 to port 2, optical power from port 2 is also transmitted to port 3 and optical power from port 3 is also
transmitted to port 1 (see Figure 1).
Circulator
port 1 port 3
port 2
IEC
Figure 1 – Completely circulated type configuration
3.2.3
incompletely circulated type
type of circulator where a port is either an input or an output
Note 1 to entry: In the case of 3 ports circulator with port 1, port 2 and port 3, supposing optical power is
transmitted from port 1 to port 2, optical power from port 2 is transmitted to port 3 and optical power from port 3 is
not transmitted to port 1 (see Figure 2).
Circulator
port 1 port 3
port 2
IEC
Figure 2 – Incompletely circulated type configuration
3.3 Performance parameters
3.3.1
insertion loss
element a of the logarithmic transfer matrix of an input port i and output port j to which optical
ij
power is transmitted
Note 1 to entry: The insertion loss is the reduction in optical power between an input and output port of a passive
component (see Figure 3), expressed in decibels and defined as follows:
P
 
j
 
(5)
a = −10log
ij 10
 
P
in
 
where
P is the optical power launched into the input port;
in
P is the optical power received from the output port
j
Supposing optical power is
Circulator
transmitted from port i to port j

input port i
output port j
IEC
Figure 3 – Insertion loss
3.3.2
isolation
element a of the logarithmic transfer matrix of an output port j and input port i to which optical
ji
power is transmitted in the direction opposite to the insertion loss
Note 1 to entry: The isolation is the reduction in optical power between an input and output port of a passive
component, expressed in decibels and defined as follows:
 
P
i
 
a = −10log (6)
ji 10
 
P
j
 
where
P is the optical power received from the input port;
i
P is the optical power launched into the output port
j
Supposing optical power is
Circulator
transmitted from port i to port j

input port i
output port j
IEC
Figure 4 – Isolation
3.3.3
directivity
element a of the logarithmic transfer matrix port i and port k, which are not port pair for
ik
insertion loss (IL), return loss (RL) or isolation (Iso)
Note 1 to entry: For example, the transmission matrix for a 4-port incompletely circulated type optical circulator,
the symbol Dir indicates directivity as in Equation (7).
a a a a
   RL IL Dir Dir
11 12 13 14
 
 
a a a a
Iso RL IL Dir
21 22 23 24
   
(7)
=
   
a a a a
Dir Iso RL IL
31 32 33 34
   
a a a a Dir Dir Iso RL
 41 42 43 44   
– 10 – IEC 62077:2015  IEC 2015

where
Dir is the directivity;
IL is the insertion loss;
Iso is the isolation;
RL is the return loss.
3.3.4
operating wavelength
nominal wavelength, λ, at which a passive component is designed to operate with the
specified performance
3.3.5
operating wavelength range
specified range of wavelengths from λ to λ close to a nominal operating wavelength
i min i max
λ , within which a passive component is designed to operate with the specified performance
i
3.3.6
return loss
element a in Equation (8) of the logarithmic transfer matrix
ii
Note 1 to entry: It is the fraction of the input power that is returned from the input port of a passive component
and defined as:
 P 
refl
  (8)
a = −10log
ii 10
 
P
 i 
where
P is the optical power launched into the i port;
i
P is the optical power received back from i port
refl
4 Requirements
4.1 Classification
4.1.1 General
Fibre optic circulators shall be classified as follows:

– type;
– style;
– variant;
– normative reference extensions.
An example of a typical circulator classification is given in Table 1:

Table 1 – Example of a typical circulator set classification

Type: – Three port circulator
– Completely circulated type
– Operating wavelength range: O-band

Style: – Configuration: B
– Connector type: SC
– Fibre type: IEC Category B 1.2

Variants: – Means of mounting
4.1.2 Type
Circulators are mainly divided into types according to their configuration.
• Port numbers;
• Circulated type:
– completely circulated type;
– incompletely circulated type;
• Operational principles:
– magneto-optic Faraday effect;
– magneto-optic Cotton-Mouton effect and Kerr effect;
• Operating wavelength range:
– O-band;
– C-band;
– L-band;
– other wavelength circulators.
4.1.3 Style
Optical circulators may be classified into styles based upon fibre type(s), connector type(s),
cable type(s), housing shape and dimensions, and configuration.
The configuration of the circulator ports is classified as follows (See Figure 5):

– 12 – IEC 62077:2015  IEC 2015

Circulator
Pigtail Pigtail
Pigtail
IEC
a) Configuration A – Device containing integral fibre optic pigtails without a connector

Circulator
Connector Connector
Connector
IEC
b) Configuration B – Device containing integral fibre optic pigtails, with a connector on each p
...

IEC 62077 ®
Edition 3.0 2015-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic
circulators – Generic specification

Dispositifs d'interconnexion et composants passifs fibroniques – Circulateurs
fibroniques – Spécification générique

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International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

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IEC 62077 ®
Edition 3.0 2015-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic

circulators – Generic specification

Dispositifs d'interconnexion et composants passifs fibroniques – Circulateurs

fibroniques – Spécification générique

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.180.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-7384-5

– 2 – IEC 62077:2015  IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
3.1 Basic terms . 7
3.2 Component terms. 8
3.3 Performance parameters . 8
4 Requirements . 10
4.1 Classification . 10
4.1.1 General . 10
4.1.2 Type . 11
4.1.3 Style . 11
4.1.4 Variant . 12
4.1.5 Normative reference extensions. 12
4.2 Documentation . 13
4.2.1 Symbols . 13
4.2.2 Specification system . 13
4.2.3 Drawings . 15
4.2.4 Tests and measurements . 15
4.2.5 Test reports . 16
4.2.6 Instructions for use . 16
4.3 Standardization system . 16
4.3.1 Interface standards . 16
4.3.2 Performance standards . 17
4.3.3 Reliability standards . 17
4.3.4 Interlinking . 18
4.4 Design and construction . 19
4.4.1 Materials . 19
4.4.2 Workmanship . 19
4.5 Performance . 19
4.6 Identification and marking . 19
4.6.1 General . 19
4.6.2 Variant identification number . 19
4.6.3 Component marking . 19
4.6.4 Package marking . 20
4.7 Packaging . 20
4.8 Storage conditions . 20
4.9 Safety . 20
Annex A (informative) Example of technology of bulk circulator based on magneto-
optic effect . 21
Annex B (informative) Example of application of a circulator . 22
Bibliography . 23

Figure 1 – Completely circulated type configuration . 8
Figure 2 – Incompletely circulated type configuration . 8
Figure 3 – Insertion loss . 9

Figure 4 – Isolation . 9
Figure 5 – Optical circulator style configurations . 12
Figure 6 – Standards currently under preparation . 18
Figure 7 – Example of a variant identification number . 19
Figure A.1 – Example of a circulator . 21
Figure B.1 – Example of application of a circulator . 22

Table 1 – Example of a typical circulator set classification . 11
Table 2 – The IEC specification structure . 14
Table 3 – Standards interlink matrix . 18

– 4 – IEC 62077:2015  IEC 2015
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING
DEVICES AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –
FIBRE OPTIC CIRCULATORS – GENERIC SPECIFICATION

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62077 has been prepared by subcommittee 86B: Fibre optic
interconnecting devices and passive components, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
This bilingual version (2019-09) corresponds to the monolingual English version, published in
2015-11.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) harmonization of some terms and definitions with other generic specifications,
b) deletion of assessment level.

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
86B/3862/CDV 86B/3918/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 6 – IEC 62077:2015  IEC 2015
FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING
DEVICES AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –
FIBRE OPTIC CIRCULATORS – GENERIC SPECIFICATION

1 Scope
This International Standard applies to circulators used in the field of fibre optics bearing all of
the following features:
– they are non-reciprocal optical devices, in which each port is either an optical fibre or fibre
optic connector;
– they are passive devices in accordance with the categorization and definition provided in
IEC TS 62538;
– they have three or more ports for directionally transmitting optical power.
An example of optical circulator technology is described in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
IEC 60027 (all parts), Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
IEC 60050-731, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 731: Optical fibre
communication (available at http://www.electropedia.org)
IEC 60617, Graphical symbols for diagrams (available at http://std.iec.ch/iec60617)
IEC 60695-11-5, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-5: Test flames – Needle-flame test method –
Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance
IEC 60825 (all parts), Safety of laser products
IEC 61300 (all parts), Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components
IEC TR 61930, Fibre optic graphical symbology
ISO 129-1, Technical drawings – Indication of dimensions and tolerances – Part 1: General
principles
ISO 286-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – ISO code system for tolerances on
linear sizes – Part 1: Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits
ISO 1101, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – Geometrical tolerancing – Tolerances of
form, orientation, location and run-out
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange – Representation
of dates and times
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-731and the
following apply.
3.1 Basic terms
3.1.1
port
optical fibre or optical fibre connector attached to a passive component for the entry and/or exit
of the optical power
3.1.2
transfer matrix
n × n matrix of coefficients where n is the number of ports, and the coefficients represent the
fractional optical power transferred between designated ports
Note 1 to entry: In general, the transfer matrix T is:
t t . t
 
11 12 1n
 
t
T = (1)
 
t
ij
 
t t t
 
 n1 n2 nn 
where
t is the ratio of the optical power P transferred out of port j with respect to input power P into port i, that is:
ij ij i
P
ij
t = (2)
ij
P
i
3.1.3
transfer coefficient
element t of the transfer matrix
ij
3.1.4
logarithmic transfer matrix
n × n matrix of logarithmic transfer coefficients of a where n is the number of ports
ij
Note 1 to entry: In general, the logarithmic transfer matrix A is:
a a . a
 
11 12 1n
 
a
 
A = (3)
 
a
ij
 
a a a
n1 n2 nn
 
where a is the optical power reduction, in decibels, out of port j with unit power into port i, that is:
ij
a = −10log t (4)
ij 10 ij
where t is the transfer matrix coefficient.
ij
– 8 – IEC 62077:2015  IEC 2015
3.1.5
conducting port pair
two ports i and j between which t is nominally greater than zero
ij
3.1.6
isolated port pair
two ports i and j between which t is nominally zero, and a is nominally infinite
ij ij
3.2 Component terms
3.2.1
fibre optic circulator
passive component possessing three or more ports which input and output are cyclic
Note 1 to entry: In the case of 3 ports circulator with port 1, port 2 and port 3, supposing optical power is transmitted
from port 1 to port 2, optical power from port 2 is transmitted to port 3.
3.2.2
completely circulated type
type of circulator where all ports can function as both input and output.
Note 1 to entry: In the case of a 3 port circulator with port 1, port 2 and port 3, where optical power is transmitted
from port 1 to port 2, optical power from port 2 is also transmitted to port 3 and optical power from port 3 is also
transmitted to port 1 (see Figure 1).
Circulator
port 1 port 3
port 2
IEC
Figure 1 – Completely circulated type configuration
3.2.3
incompletely circulated type
type of circulator where a port is either an input or an output
Note 1 to entry: In the case of 3 ports circulator with port 1, port 2 and port 3, supposing optical power is transmitted
from port 1 to port 2, optical power from port 2 is transmitted to port 3 and optical power from port 3 is not transmitted
to port 1 (see Figure 2).
Circulator
port 1 port 3
port 2
IEC
Figure 2 – Incompletely circulated type configuration
3.3 Performance parameters
3.3.1
insertion loss
element a of the logarithmic transfer matrix of an input port i and output port j to which optical
ij
power is transmitted
Note 1 to entry: The insertion loss is the reduction in optical power between an input and output port of a passive
component (see Figure 3), expressed in decibels and defined as follows:

 P 
j
 
a = −10log (5)
ij 10
 
P
in
 
where
P is the optical power launched into the input port;
in
P is the optical power received from the output port
j
Supposing optical power is
Circulator
transmitted from port i to port j

input port i
output port j
IEC
Figure 3 – Insertion loss
3.3.2
isolation
element a of the logarithmic transfer matrix of an output port j and input port i to which optical
ji
power is transmitted in the direction opposite to the insertion loss
Note 1 to entry: The isolation is the reduction in optical power between an input and output port of a passive
component, expressed in decibels and defined as follows:
 
P
i
 
a = −10log (6)
ji 10
 
P
j
 
where
P is the optical power received from the input port;
i
P is the optical power launched into the output port
j
Supposing optical power is
Circulator
transmitted from port i to port j

input port i
output port j
IEC
Figure 4 – Isolation
3.3.3
directivity
element a of the logarithmic transfer matrix port i and port k, which are not port pair for insertion
ik
loss (IL), return loss (RL) or isolation (Iso)
Note 1 to entry: For example, the transmission matrix for a 4-port incompletely circulated type optical circulator,
the symbol Dir indicates directivity as in Equation (7).

– 10 – IEC 62077:2015  IEC 2015
 a a a a  RL IL Dir Dir
 
11 12 13 14
   
a a a a Iso RL IL Dir
21 22 23 24
   
= (7)
   
a a a a Dir Iso RL IL
31 32 33 34
   
a a a a Dir Dir Iso RL
 41 42 43 44   
where
Dir is the directivity;
IL is the insertion loss;
Iso is the isolation;
RL is the return loss.
3.3.4
operating wavelength
nominal wavelength, λ, at which a passive component is designed to operate with the specified
performance
3.3.5
operating wavelength range
specified range of wavelengths from λ to λ close to a nominal operating wavelength
i min i max
λ , within which a passive component is designed to operate with the specified performance
i
3.3.6
return loss
element a in Equation (8) of the logarithmic transfer matrix
ii
Note 1 to entry: It is the fraction of the input power that is returned from the input port of a passive component and
defined as:
 P 
refl
 
a = −10log (8)
ii 10
 
P
 i 
where
P is the optical power launched into the i port;
i
P is the optical power received back from i port
refl
4 Requirements
4.1 Classification
4.1.1 General
Fibre optic circulators shall be classified as follows:
– type;
– style;
– variant;
– normative reference extensions.
An example of a typical circulator classification is given in Table 1:

Table 1 – Example of a typical circulator set classification
Type: – Three port circulator
– Completely circulated type
– Operating wavelength range: O-band
Style: – Configuration: B
– Connector type: SC
– Fibre type: IEC Category B 1.2
Variants: – Means of mounting
4.1.2 Type
Circulators are mainly divided into types according to their configuration.
• Port numbers;
• Circulated type:
– completely circulated type;
– incompletely circulated type;
• Operational principles:
– magneto-optic Faraday effect;
– magneto-optic Cotton-Mouton effect and Kerr effect;
• Operating wavelength range:
– O-band;
– C-band;
– L-band;
– other wavelength circulators.
4.1.3 Style
Optical circulators may be classified into styles based upon fibre type(s), connector type(s),
cable type(s), housing shape and dimensions, and configuration.
The configuration of the circulator ports is classified as follows (See Figure 5):

– 12 – IEC 62077:2015  IEC 2015
Circulator
Pigtail Pigtail
Pigtail
IEC
a) Configuration A – Device containing integral fibre optic pigtails without a connector
Circulator
Connector Connector
Connector
IEC
b) Configuration B – Device containing integral fibre optic pigtails, with a connector on each pigtail
Circulator
Connector Connector
Connector
IEC
c) Configuration C – Device containing connectors as an integral part of the device housing
Circulator
Connector
Pigtail
Connector
IEC
d) Configuration D Example – Device containing some combination
of the interfacing features of the preceding configurations
Figure 5 – Optical circulator style configurations
4.1.4 Variant
The circulator variant identifies those common features which encompass structurally similar
components. Examples of features which define a variant include, but are not limited to, the
following:
– position and orientation of ports on housing;
– means of mounting.
4.1.5 Normative reference extensions
Normative reference extensions are used to identify integrated independent standards
specifications or other reference documents as relevant specifications.
Unless otherwise specified, additional requirements of extensions are mandatory. Usage is
primarily intended to merge associated components to form hybrid devices, or integrated
functional application requirements that are dependent on technical expertise other than fibre
optics.
Some optical fibre circulator configurations require special qualification provisions which shall
not be imposed universally. This accommodates individual component design configurations,
specialized field tooling or specific application processes. In this case, the requirements are
necessary to assure repeatable performance or adequate safety, and provide additional

guidance for complete product specification. These extensions are mandatory whenever used
to prepare, assemble or install an optical fibre circulator, either for field application usage or
preparation of qualification test specimens. The relevant specification shall clarify all
stipulations. However, design and style dependent extensions shall not be imposed universally.
In the event of conflicting requirements, precedence shall be given, in descending order, as
follows: generic over mandatory extension, over relevant, over detail, over application specific
extension.
Examples of requirements to normative extensions:
– some commercial or residential building applications may require direct reference to specific
safety codes and regulations or incorporate other specific material flammability or toxicity
requirements for specialized locations;
– specialized field tooling may require an extension to implement specific ocular safety,
electrical shock, burn hazard avoidance requirements, or require isolation procedures to
prevent potential ignition of combustible gases.
4.2 Documentation
4.2.1 Symbols
Graphical and letter symbols shall, whenever possible, be taken from the IEC 60027 series,
IEC 60617 and IEC TR 61930.
4.2.2 Specification system
4.2.2.1 General
This generic specification is part of a three-level IEC specification system. Subsidiary
specifications shall consist of relevant specifications. This system is shown in Table 2. There
are no sectional specifications for circulators.

– 14 – IEC 62077:2015  IEC 2015
Table 2 – The IEC specification structure
Specification level Examples of information to be included Applicable to
– Assessment system rules
– Inspection rules
– Optical measurement methods
– Environmental test methods
– Sampling plans
– Identification rule
Two or more component families or
Basic
sub-families
– Marking standards
– Dimensional standards
– Terminology
– Symbol standards
– Preferred number series
– SI units
– Specific terminology
– Specific symbols
– Specific units
Generic – Preferred values Component family
– Marking
– Selection of tests
– Capability approval procedures
– Quality conformation test schedule
Groups of types and/or styles having a
Blank detail – Inspection requirements
common test schedule
– Information common to a number of types
– Individual values
– Specific information
Detail Individual component(s)
– Completed quality conformance test
schedules
4.2.2.2 Blank detail specifications
The blank detail specification lists all of the parameters and features applicable to a fibre optic
circulator, including the type, operating characteristics, housing configurations, test methods,
and performance requirements. The blank detail specification is applicable to any fibre optic
circulator design and quality assessment requirement. The blank detail specification contains
the preferred format for stating the required information in the detail specification.
Blank detail specifications are not, by themselves, a specification level. They are associated
with the generic specification.
Each blank detail specification shall be limited to one environmental category.
Each blank detail specification shall contain:
– the minimum mandatory test schedules and performance requirements,
– the preferred format for stating the required information in the detail specification,
– in case of hybrid components, including connectors, addition of appropriate entry fields to
show the reference normative document, document title and issue date.
4.2.2.3 Detail specifications
A specific circulator is described by a corresponding detail specification, which is prepared by
filling in the blanks of the blank detail specification. Within the constraints imposed by this

generic specification, the blank detail specification may be filled in by any national committee
of the IEC, thereby defining a particular circulator as an IEC standard.
Detail specifications shall specify the following, as applicable:
– type (see 4.1.2);
– style (see 4.1.3);
– variant(s) (see 4.1.4);
– part identification number for each variant (see 4.6.2);
– drawings, dimensions required (see 4.2.3);
– test schedules (see 4.2.5);
– performance requirements (see 4.5).
4.2.3 Drawings
4.2.3.1 General
The drawings and dimensions given in relevant specifications shall not restrict themselves to
details of construction, nor shall they be used as manufacturing drawings.
4.2.3.2 Projection system
Either first-angle or third-angle projection shall be used for the drawings in documents covered
by this generic specification. All drawings within a document shall use the same projection
system and the drawings shall state which system is used.
4.2.3.3 Dimensional system
All dimensions shall be given in accordance with ISO 129-1, ISO 286-1 and ISO 1101.
The metric system shall be used in all specifications.
Dimensions shall not contain more than five significant digits.
Conversion between systems of units shall be done correctly. When units are converted, a note
shall be added in each relevant specification. Conversion between metric and imperial units
shall use a factor of 25,4 mm to 1 inch.
4.2.4 Tests and measurements
4.2.4.1 Test and measurement procedures
The test and measurement procedures for optical, mechanical, climatic, and environmental
characteristics of circulators to be used shall be defined and selected preferably from the
IEC 61300 series.
The size measurement method to be used shall be specified in the relevant specification for
dimensions which are specified within a total tolerance zone of 0,01 mm or less.
4.2.4.2 Reference components
Reference components, if required, shall be specified in the relevant specification.
4.2.4.3 Gauges
Gauges, if required, shall be specified in the relevant specification.

– 16 – IEC 62077:2015  IEC 2015
4.2.5 Test reports
Test reports shall be prepared for each test conducted as required by a relevant specification.
The reports shall be included in the qualification report and in the periodic inspection report.
Reports shall contain the following information:
– title of test and date;
– specimen description including the type of fibre, connector or other coupling device. The
description shall also include the variant identification number (see 4.6.2);
– test equipment used and date of latest calibration;
– all applicable test details;
– all measurement values and observations;
– sufficiently detailed documentation to provide traceable information for failure analysis.
4.2.6 Instructions for use
Instructions for use, when required, shall be given by the manufacturer and shall include:
– assembly and connection instructions;
– cleaning method;
– safety aspects;
– additional information, as necessary.
4.3 Standardization system
4.3.1 Interface standards
Interface standards provide both manufacturer and user with all the information required to
make or use the product in conformity with the physical features of that standard interface.
Interface standards fully define the features essential for the mating and unmating of optical
fibre connectors and other components. They also serve to position the optical datum target,
where defined, relative to other reference datum.
Interface standards ensure that connectors and adapters that comply with the standard will fit
together. The standards may also contain tolerance grades for ferrules and alignment devices.
Tolerance grades are used to provide different levels of alignment precision.
The interface dimensions may also be used to design other components that will mate with the
connectors. For example, an active device mount can be designed using the adapter interface
dimensions. The use of these dimensions combined with those of a standard plug provides the
designer with assurance that the standard plugs will fit into the optical device mount. They also
provide the location of the plug's optical datum target.
Standard interface dimensions do not, by themselves, guarantee optical performance. They
guarantee connector mating at a specified fit. Optical performance is currently guaranteed via
the manufacturing specification. Products from the same or different manufacturing
specifications using the same standard interface will always fit together. Guaranteed
performance can be given by any single manufacturer only for product delivered to the same
manufacturing specification. However, it can be reasonably expected that some level of
performance will be obtained by mating a product from different manufacturing specifications,
although the level of performance cannot be expected to be any better than that of the lowest
specified performance.
4.3.2 Performance standards
Performance standards contain a series of tests and measurements (which may or may not be
grouped into a specified schedule depending on the requirements of that standard) with clearly
defined conditions, severities, and pass/fail criteria. The tests are intended to be run on a “one-
off” basis to prove the ability of a given product to satisfy the “performance standards”
requirement. Each performance standard has a different set of tests and/or severities (and/or
groupings) that represents the requirements of a market sector, user group or system location.
A product that has been shown to meet all the requirements of a performance standard can be
declared as complying with a performance standard but should then be controlled by a quality
assurance/quality conformance programme.
It is possible to define a key point of the test and measurements standards when these are
applied (particularly with regard to insertion loss and return loss) in conjunction with the
interface standards of inter-product compatibility. This ensures conformance of each individual
product to this standard.
4.3.3 Reliability standards
Reliability standards are intended to ensure that a component can meet performance
specifications under stated conditions for a stated time period.
For each type of component, the following shall be identified (and appear in the standard):
• failure modes (observable general mechanical or optical effects of failure);
• failure mechanisms (general causes of failure, which may be common to several
components);
• failure effects (detailed causes of failure, specific to component).
These are all related to environmental and material aspects.
Initially, just after component manufacture, there is an “infant mortality phase” during which
many components would fail if they were deployed in the field. To avoid early field failure, all
components may be subjected to screen process in the factory, involving environmental
stresses that may be mechanical, thermal and humidity-related. This is to induce known failure
mechanisms in a controlled environmental situation to occur earlier than would normally be
seen in the unscreened population. For those components that survive (and are then sold),
there is a reduced failure rate since these mechanisms have been eliminated.
Screening is an optional part of the manufacturing process, rather than a test method. It will not
affect the “useful life” of a component, defined as the period during which it performs according
to specifications. Eventually other failure mechanisms appear, and the failure rate increases
beyond some defined threshold. At this point, the useful life ends and the “wear-out region”
begins, and the component must be replaced.
At the beginning of useful life, performance testing on a sampled population of components may
be applied by the supplier, by the manufacturer, or by a third party. This is to ensure that the
component meets performance specifications over the range of intended environments at this
initial time. Reliability testing, on the other hand, is applied to ensure that the component meets
performance specifications for at least a specified minimum useful lifetime or specified
maximum failure rate. These tests are usually carried out by utilising the performance testing,
but increasing duration and severity to accelerate the failure mechanisms.
A reliability theory relates component reliability testing to component parameters and to lifetime
or failure rate under testing. The theory then extrapolates these to lifetime or failure rate under
less stressful service conditions. The reliability specifications include values of the component
parameters needed to ensure the specified minimum lifetime or maximum failure rate in service.

– 18 – IEC 62077:2015  IEC 2015
4.3.4 Interlinking
Standards currently under preparation are given in Figure 6. A large number of the test and
measurement standards exist already and quality assurance qualification approval standards
have existed for many years. With regard to interface, performance and reliability standards,
once these three standards are all in place, the matrix given in Table 6 demonstrates some of
the other options available for product standardization.
Product A is fully IEC standardized, having a standard interface and meeting defined
performance standards and reliability standards.
Product B is a product with a proprietary interface but which meets a defined IEC performance
standard and reliability standard.
Product C is a product which complies with an IEC standard interface but does not meet the
requirements of either an IEC performance standard or reliability standard.
Product D is a product which complies with both an IEC standard interface and performance
standard but does not meet any reliability requirements.
Obviously the matrix is more complex than shown since there will be a number of interface,
performance and reliability standards which may cross-refer. In addition, the products may all
be subject to a recognized quality assurance programme including qualification approval,
capability approval, technology approval or even a national or company quality assurance
system.
Test and
Interface Performance Reliability
measurement
See See See See
IEC 61300 IEC 61754 IEC 61753 IEC 62005
series series series series
IEC 60068
series
IEC specification
structure:
-------------------
Generic
specification
Sectional
specification
Detail
specification
IEC
Figure 6 – Standards currently under preparation
Table 3 – Standards interlink matrix
Product type Interface Performance Reliability
standard standard standard
Product A YES YES YES
Product B NO YES YES
Product C YES NO NO
Product D YES YES NO
4.4 Design and construction
4.4.1 Materials
4.4.1.1 Corrosion resistance
All materials used in the construction of circulator sets shall be corrosion resistant or suitably
finished to meet the requirements of the relevant specification.
4.4.1.2 Non-flammable materials
When non-flammable materials are required, the requirements shall be specified in the relevant
specification and IEC 60695-11-5 shall be referenced.
4.4.2 Workmanship
Components and associated hardware shall be manufactured to a uniform quality and shall be
free of sharp edges, burrs or othe
...