IEC 61158-6-10:2023

Industrial communication networks - Fieldbus specifications - Part 6-10: Application layer protocol specification - Type 10 elements

IEC 61158-6-10:2023 provides common elements for basic time-critical and non-time-critical messaging communications between application programs in an automation environment and material specific to Type 10 fieldbus. The term “time-critical” is used to represent the presence of a time window, within which one or more specified actions are required to be completed with a defined level of certainty. Failure to complete specified actions within the time window risks failure of the applications requesting the actions, with attendant risk to equipment, plant and possibly human life.

Réseaux de communication industriels - Spécifications des bus de terrain - Partie 6-10: Spécification du protocole de la couche application - Éléments de type 10

L'IEC 61158-6-10:2023 donne les éléments communs visant à assurer les communications de messagerie de base à temps critique et à temps non critique entre les programmes d’application d’un environnement d’automatisation et d’un matériel spécifique au bus de terrain de type 10. Le terme "prioritaire" est utilisé pour traduire la présence d’une fenêtre temporelle à l’intérieur de laquelle une ou plusieurs actions spécifiées doivent être terminées avec un niveau de certitude défini. Tout manquement à réaliser ces actions dans la fenêtre de temps prévue risque de provoquer la défaillance des applications qui les demandent, avec le risque de mettre en danger l’équipement, l’usine, voire les personnes.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 23-Mar-2023
• ICS: 25.040.40 - Industrial process measurement and control
• ICS: 35.100.70 - Application layer
• ICS: 35.110 - Networking
• Technical Committee: SC 65C - Industrial networks
• Drafting Committee: WG 9 - TC 65/SC 65C/WG 9
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 31-Mar-2023
• Completion Date: 24-Mar-2023

Relations

• Revises: IEC 61158-6-10:2019 - Industrial communication networks - Fieldbus specifications - Part 6-10: Application layer protocol specification - Type 10 elements
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Overview

IEC 61158-6-10:2023 is the International Electrotechnical Commission standard that specifies the application layer protocol elements for Type 10 fieldbus within industrial communication networks. Edition 5.0 (2023‑03) provides common elements for both time‑critical and non‑time‑critical messaging between application programs in automation environments, plus material specific to Type 10 implementations. The standard addresses messaging semantics, protocol syntax, state machines and conformance to enable reliable, interoperable fieldbus communications where missed deadlines can risk equipment, plant and human safety.

Key topics and technical scope

The standard covers a broad set of application‑layer topics, including:

• FAL (Fieldbus Application Layer) syntax and transfer syntax - abstract and transfer encodings for DLPDUs and APDUs.
• Discovery and basic configuration (DCP) - procedures and state machines for device discovery and initial configuration.
• Time synchronization and Precision Transparent Clock - mechanisms for distributed time (GlobalTime, WorkingClock) essential for time‑critical messaging.
• Real‑time communication - both real‑time cyclic and real‑time acyclic services, including fragmentation, RPC and state machines.
• Media redundancy and loop prevention - including seamless media redundancy behaviors for high availability.
• Link layer and network services - LLDP, IP/UDP mapping, ARP, DNS, DHCP, SNMP (MIBs), NETCONF and YANG integration.
• Distributed I/O specifics - data block headers, RTA‑SDU fields and mapping for I/O exchange.
• Protocol machines and DLL mapping - detailed service, application relationship and data link layer mapping state machines for interoperability.
• Security & conformance - normative references, terms/definitions and conformance rules to ensure consistent implementation.

Practical applications

IEC 61158-6-10 is intended for systems where deterministic and reliable application‑level communication is required:

• Industrial automation control systems (PLC to I/O, drive and motion controllers)
• Process and factory automation networks requiring synchronized actions and deterministic messaging
• Safety‑critical systems where meeting deadlines affects equipment and human safety
• High‑availability installations using media redundancy and precise time distribution

Who should use this standard

• Automation and control systems architects and integrators
• Fieldbus device and gateway manufacturers implementing Type 10 application layer elements
• Network engineers responsible for real‑time industrial Ethernet/fieldbus deployments
• Safety engineers and certification bodies verifying time‑critical messaging behavior
• Software developers building protocol stacks and conformance test suites

Related standards and keywords

Complementary standards referenced in the document include ISO/IEC and IETF RFCs for networking basics, and related IEC parts for other fieldbus Types. Relevant SEO keywords: IEC 61158-6-10, Type 10 fieldbus, application layer protocol, industrial communication networks, time‑critical messaging, fieldbus specifications, real‑time cyclic, media redundancy, precision time synchronization, distributed I/O.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 61158-6-10 ®
Edition 5.0 2023-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Industrial communication networks – Fieldbus specifications –
Part 6-10: Application layer protocol specification – Type 10 elements

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IEC 61158-6-10 ®
Edition 5.0 2023-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Industrial communication networks – Fieldbus specifications –

Part 6-10: Application layer protocol specification – Type 10 elements

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 25.040.40; 35.100.70; 35.110 ISBN 978-2-8322-6633-5

– 2 – IEC 61158-6-10:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 46
INTRODUCTION . 48
1 Scope . 49
1.1 General . 49
1.2 Specifications . 49
1.3 Conformance . 50
2 Normative references . 50
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms, symbols, and conventions . 54
3.1 Referenced terms and definitions . 54
3.1.1 ISO/IEC 7498-1 terms. 54
3.1.2 ISO/IEC 8822 terms . 55
3.1.3 ISO/IEC 8824-1 terms. 55
3.1.4 ISO/IEC 9545 terms . 55
3.2 Terms and definitions. 55
3.3 Abbreviated terms and symbols . 64
3.3.1 Abbreviated terms and symbols for services . 64
3.3.2 Abbreviated terms and symbols for distributed I/O . 64
3.3.3 Abbreviated terms and symbols for IEC 62439-2 . 68
3.3.4 Abbreviated terms and symbols for IEC/IEEE 60802 . 68
3.3.5 Abbreviated terms and symbols for IEEE Std 802.1CB . 68
3.3.6 Abbreviated terms and symbols for IEEE Std 802.1Q . 68
3.3.7 Abbreviated terms and symbols for IEEE Std 802.3 . 69
3.3.8 Abbreviated terms and symbols for IETF RFC 2474 . 69
3.3.9 Abbreviated terms and symbols for IETF RFC 4291 . 69
3.4 Conventions . 69
3.4.1 General concept . 69
3.4.2 Conventions for distributed I/O . 70
3.4.3 Conventions used in state machines . 78
4 Application layer protocol specification for common protocols . 83
4.1 FAL syntax description . 83
4.1.1 DLPDU abstract syntax reference . 83
4.1.2 Data types . 85
4.2 Transfer syntax . 87
4.2.1 Coding of basic data types . 87
4.2.2 Coding section related to common basic fields . 95
4.3 Discovery and basic configuration . 109
4.3.1 DCP syntax description . 109
4.3.2 DCP protocol state machines . 143
4.3.3 DLL Mapping Protocol Machines. 162
4.4 Precision transparent clock protocol . 162
4.4.1 FAL syntax description . 162
4.4.2 AP-Context state machine . 173
4.4.3 FAL Service Protocol Machines . 173
4.4.4 Application Relationship Protocol Machines . 173
4.4.5 DLL Mapping Protocol Machines. 238
4.5 Time synchronization . 238
4.5.1 General . 238

4.5.2 GlobalTime . 241
4.5.3 WorkingClock . 242
4.6 Media redundancy . 246
4.6.1 Media redundancy and loop prevention . 246
4.6.2 Seamless media redundancy . 249
4.7 Real time cyclic . 249
4.7.1 FAL syntax description . 249
4.7.2 FAL transfer syntax . 250
4.7.3 FAL Service Protocol Machines . 260
4.7.4 Application Relationship Protocol Machines . 260
4.7.5 DLL Mapping Protocol Machines. 282
4.8 Real time acyclic . 282
4.8.1 RTA syntax description . 282
4.8.2 RTA transfer syntax . 284
4.8.3 FAL Service Protocol Machines . 294
4.8.4 Application Relationship Protocol Machines . 294
4.8.5 DLL Mapping Protocol Machines. 339
4.9 Fragmentation. 340
4.9.1 General . 340
4.9.2 FRAG syntax description . 343
4.9.3 FRAG transfer syntax . 344
4.9.4 FAL Service Protocol Machines . 346
4.9.5 Application Relationship Protocol Machines . 346
4.9.6 DLL Mapping Protocol Machines. 346
4.10 Remote procedure call . 356
4.10.1 General . 356
4.10.2 RPC syntax description . 356
4.10.3 RPC Transfer syntax . 358
4.10.4 FAL Service Protocol Machines . 374
4.10.5 Application Relationship Protocol Machines . 374
4.10.6 DLL Mapping Protocol Machines. 375
4.11 Link layer discovery . 375
4.11.1 General . 375
4.11.2 FAL common syntax description . 376
4.11.3 LLDP transfer syntax . 378
4.11.4 FAL Service Protocol Machines . 388
4.11.5 Application Relation Protocol Machines . 388
4.11.6 DLL Mapping Protocol Machines. 388
4.12 End stations and bridges. 388
4.12.1 General . 388
4.12.2 Traffic classes . 390
4.12.3 End station . 393
4.12.4 Bridge . 416
4.12.5 Bridged end station . 461
4.12.6 Q port state machine . 470
4.12.7 Pruning port state machine . 476
4.12.8 Bridge extensions . 478
4.12.9 FAL Service Protocol Machines . 479
4.12.10 Application Relation Protocol Machines . 479

– 4 – IEC 61158-6-10:2023 © IEC 2023
4.12.11 DLL Mapping Protocol Machines. 479
4.13 IP suite . 516
4.13.1 Overview . 516
4.13.2 IP/UDP syntax description . 516
4.13.3 IP/UDP transfer syntax . 517
4.13.4 ARP . 520
4.14 Domain name system . 522
4.14.1 General . 522
4.14.2 Primitive definitions . 523
4.14.3 DNS state transition diagram . 523
4.14.4 State machine description . 523
4.14.5 DNS state table . 523
4.14.6 Functions, Macros, Timers and Variables . 523
4.15 Dynamic host configuration . 524
4.15.1 General . 524
4.15.2 Primitive definitions . 524
4.15.3 DHCP state transition diagram . 524
4.15.4 State machine description . 525
4.15.5 DHCP state table . 525
4.15.6 Functions, Macros, Timers and Variables . 526
4.16 Simple network management . 526
4.16.1 General . 526
4.16.2 MIB overview . 527
4.16.3 MIB access . 527
4.16.4 IETF RFC 1213-MIB . 527
4.16.5 Enterprise number for PNIO MIB . 528
4.16.6 MIB cross reference . 528
4.16.7 Behavior in case of modular built bridges . 529
4.16.8 LLDP EXT MIB . 529
4.17 Network configuration . 529
4.17.1 Overview . 529
4.17.2 NETCONF . 530
4.17.3 YANG . 531
4.18 Common DLL Mapping Protocol Machines . 532
4.18.1 Overview . 532
4.18.2 Data Link Layer Mapping Protocol Machine . 533
4.19 Void . 540
4.20 Additional information . 540
5 Application layer protocol specification for distributed I/O . 540
5.1 FAL syntax description . 540
5.1.1 DLPDU abstract syntax reference . 540
5.1.2 APDU abstract syntax . 540
5.2 Transfer syntax . 567
5.2.1 Coding section related to BlockHeader specific fields . 567
5.2.2 Coding section related to RTA-SDU specific fields . 586
5.2.3 Coding section related to common address fields . 591
5.2.4 Coding section related to AL services . 613
5.2.5 Coding section related to ARVendorBlock . 652
5.2.6 Coding section related to PNIOStatus . 653

5.2.7 Coding section related to I&M Records . 670
5.2.8 Coding section related to Alarm and Diagnosis Data . 677
5.2.9 Coding section related to upload and retrieval . 701
5.2.10 Coding section related to iParameter . 701
5.2.11 Coding section related to NME . 702
5.2.12 Coding section related to CIM . 711
5.2.13 Coding section related to Physical Sync Data . 776
5.2.14 Coding section related to Physical Time Data . 781
5.2.15 Coding section related to Isochrone Mode Data . 786
5.2.16 Coding section related to fast startup. 788
5.2.17 Coding section related to DFP . 791
5.2.18 Coding section related to MRPD . 795
5.2.19 Coding section related to controller to controller communication . 796
5.2.20 Coding section related to system redundancy . 797
5.2.21 Coding section related to energy saving . 800
5.2.22 Coding section related to asset management . 800
5.2.23 Coding section related to reporting system . 805
5.2.24 Coding section related to logbook . 811
5.2.25 Coding section related to Time . 812
5.2.26 Coding section related to Channel Related Process Alarm Reason . 812
5.2.27 Void . 815
5.3 FAL protocol state machines . 816
5.3.1 Overall structure . 816
5.4 AP-Context state machine . 817
5.5 FAL Service Protocol Machines . 817
5.5.1 Overview . 817
5.5.2 FAL Service Protocol Machine Power-On . 817
5.5.3 FAL Service Protocol Machine Device . 818
5.5.4 FAL Service Protocol Machine Controller . 828
5.5.5 FAL Service Protocol Machine Network Management Entity . 839
5.6 Application Relationship Protocol Machines . 840
5.6.1 Alarm Protocol Machine Initiator . 840
5.6.2 Alarm Protocol Machine Responder . 844
5.6.3 Device . 848
5.6.4 Controller . 934
5.6.5 Network Management Entity . 1013
5.7 DLL Mapping Protocol Machines . 1047
5.8 Checking rules . 1048
5.8.1 General . 1048
5.8.2 IODConnectReq . 1048
5.8.3 IODConnectRes . 1061
5.8.4 IODControlReq . 1066
5.8.5 IODControlRes . 1068
5.8.6 IOXControlReq . 1072
5.8.7 IOXControlRes . 1073
5.8.8 IODReleaseReq . 1075
5.8.9 IODReleaseRes . 1076
5.8.10 IODWriteReq . 1077
5.8.11 IODWriteRes . 1079

– 6 – IEC 61158-6-10:2023 © IEC 2023
5.8.12 IODWriteMultipleReq . 1081
5.8.13 IODWriteMultipleRes . 1082
5.8.14 IODReadReq . 1084
5.8.15 IODReadRes . 1086
Annex A (normative) Unified establishing of an AR for all RT classes . 1089
A.1 General . 1089
A.2 AR establishing . 1090
A.3 Startup of Alarm transmitter and receiver . 1097
A.4 Time-aware systems path establishment . 1099
A.5 Void . 1100
A.6 Void . 1100
Annex B (normative) Compatible establishing of an AR . 1101
Annex C (informative) Establishing of a device access AR . 1104
Annex D (informative) Establishing of an AR (accelerated procedure) . 1106
Annex E (informative) Establishing of an AR (fast startup procedure). 1109
Annex F (informative) Example of the upload, storage and retrieval procedure . 1111
Annex G (informative) Implementation of send list control . 1113
G.1 General . 1113
G.2 Implementation model . 1114
G.3 Constraints . 1116
Annex H (informative) Overview of the IO controller and the IO device state machines . 1117
Annex I (informative) Overview of the PTCP synchronization master hierarchy . 1119
Annex J (informative) Optimization of bandwidth usage for Time Aware Shaping . 1121
Annex K (informative) Time constraints for RT_CLASS_3 bandwidth allocation . 1123
Annex L (informative) Time constraints for the forwarding of a frame . 1125
L.1 Principle . 1125
L.2 Forwarding . 1125
Annex M (informative) Principle of dynamic frame packing . 1127
Annex N (informative) Principle of Fragmentation . 1131
Annex O (informative) MRPD – Principle of seamless media redundancy . 1133
Annex P (normative) Principle of a RED_RELAY without forwarding information in
PDIRFrameData . 1135
Annex Q (informative) Constraints for Auto-negotiation . 1138
Q.1 Optimization for fast startup without auto-negotiation . 1138
Q.2 Gigabit PHYs, 2 pair Ethernet cables, and auto-negotiation . 1140
Annex R (informative) Example of a PrmBegin, PrmEnd and ApplRdy sequence . 1141
Annex S (informative) List of supported MIBs. 1142
Annex T (informative) Structure and content of BLOB . 1143
Annex U (normative) Management information bases . 1144
U.1 Void . 1144
U.2 LLDP EXT MIB . 1144
Annex V (normative) Cross reference to IEC 62439-2 . 1167
V.1 Cross reference to IEC 62439-2 . 1167
V.1.1 General . 1167
V.1.2 Ring . 1167
V.1.3 Interconnection . 1168

Annex W (normative) Maintaining statistic counters for Ethernet . 1170
W.1 General . 1170
W.2 Counting model . 1170
W.3 Explanation of the IETF RFC defined statistic counters . 1172
W.4 Value range of the IETF RFC defined statistic counters . 1173
W.5 VLAN specific statistic counters . 1173
Annex X (informative) Example of RSI fragmentation . 1175
Annex Y (informative) Delayed cut through . 1177
Bibliography . 1179

Figure 1 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 1 . 71
Figure 2 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 2 . 71
Figure 3 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 3 . 71
Figure 4 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 4 . 72
Figure 5 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 5 . 72
Figure 6 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 6 . 72
Figure 7 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 7 . 73
Figure 8 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 8 . 73
Figure 9 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 9 . 73
Figure 10 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 10 . 74
Figure 11 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 11 . 74
Figure 12 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 12 . 74
Figure 13 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 13 . 75
Figure 14 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 14 . 75
Figure 15 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 15 . 75
Figure 16 – Common structure of specific fields for octet 16 . 76
Figure 17 – Coding of the data type BinaryDate . 88
Figure 18 – Encoding of TimeofDay with date indication value . 88
Figure 19 – Encoding of TimeofDay without date indication value . 89
Figure 20 – Encoding of TimeDifference with date indication value . 89
Figure 21 – Encoding of TimeDifference without date indication value . 90
Figure 22 – Encoding of a NetworkTime value . 90
Figure 23 – Encoding of NetworkTimeDifference value . 91
Figure 24 – Encoding of TimeStamp value . 92
Figure 25 – Encoding of TimeStampDifference value . 93
Figure 26 – Encoding of TimeStampDifferenceShort value . 94
Figure 27 – FastForwardingMulticastMACAdd . 100
Figure 28 – Stream Destination MAC Address – StreamDA . 102
Figure 29 – State transition diagram of DCPUCS . 145
Figure 30 – State transition diagram of DCPUCR . 149
Figure 31 – State transition diagram of DCPMCS . 154
Figure 32 – Basic structure of a DCP Multicast Receiver . 156
Figure 33 – State transition diagram of DCPMCR . 157
Figure 34 – State transition diagram of DCPHMCS . 160

– 8 – IEC 61158-6-10:2023 © IEC 2023
Figure 35 – State transition diagram of DCPHMCR . 161
Figure 36 – PTCP_SequenceID value range . 167
Figure 37 – Message timestamp point . 173
Figure 38 – Timer model . 174
Figure 39 – Four message timestamps . 174
Figure 40 – Line delay protocol with follow up . 175
Figure 41 – Line delay protocol without follow up . 176
Figure 42 – Line delay measurement . 178
Figure 43 – Model parameter for GSDML usage . 180
Figure 44 – Bridge delay measurement . 181
Figure 45 – Delay accumulation for PTCP . 182
Figure 46 – Delay accumulation for PTP . 183
Figure 47 – Worst case accumulated time deviation of synchronization . 183
Figure 48 – Signal generation for measurement of deviation . 184
Figure 49 – Measurement of deviation . 184
Figure 50 – PTCP master sending Sync-Frame without Follow Up-Frame . 185
Figure 51 – PTCP master sending Sync-Frame with FollowUp-Frame . 186
Figure 52 – !FU Sync Slave Forwarding Sync-Frame . 187
Figure 53 – FU Sync Slave Forwarding Sync- and FollowUp-Frame . 188
Figure 54 – FU Sync Slave Forwarding Sync- and Generating FollowUp-Frame . 189
Figure 55 – Principle of the monitoring of the line delay measurement . 190
Figure 56 – State transition diagram of DELAY_REQ . 192
Figure 57 – State transition diagram of DELAY_RSP . 200
Figure 58 – Overview of PTCP . 204
Figure 59 – State transition diagram of SYN_BMA . 207
Figure 60 – State transition diagram of SYN_MPSM . 216
Figure 61 – State transition diagram of SYN_SPSM . 222
Figure 62 – State transition diagram of SYNC_RELAY . 229
Figure 63 – State transition diagram of SCHEDULER . 235
Figure 64 – Station clock model . 240
Figure 65 – End station model with time synchronization . 241
Figure 66 – GlobalTime timer model . 242
Figure 67 – WorkingClock timer model . 243
Figure 68 – Non-time-aware system – WorkingClock and CycleCounter . 243
Figure 69 – Time-aware system – Queue masking – WorkingClock and CycleCounter . 244
Figure 70 – Time-aware system – WorkingClock and CycleCounter . 245
Figure 71 – Media redundancy – Ring . 246
Figure 72 – Media redundancy – Interconnection . 248
Figure 73 – CycleCounter value range . 251
Figure 74 – Structure of the CycleCounter . 252
Figure 75 – Optimized CycleCounter setting . 253
Figure 76 – SFCRC16 generation rule . 257
Figure 77 – SFCycleCounter value range . 258

Figure 78 – Overview Buffer Lifetime Model . 261
Figure 79 – PPM Flow Model . 262
Figure 80 – CPM Flow Model . 262
Figure 81 – Basic structure of a PPM with frame structure . 264
Figure 82 – Basic structure of a PPM with subframe structure. 265
Figure 83 – State transition diagram of PPM . 267
Figure 84 – Basic structure of a CPM . 271
Figure 85 – State transition diagram of CPM . 273
Figure 86 – Addressing scheme of RTA . 285
Figure 87 – Structure of the APM . 295
Figure 88 – Structure of the RSI . 296
Figure 89 – Structure of the APMS . 297
Figure 90 – State transition diagram of APMS . 299
Figure 91 – Structure of the APMR . 304
Figure 92 – State transition diagram of APMR . 306
Figure 93 – State transition diagram of RSII . 310
Figure 94 – State transition diagram of RSIIN . 322
Figure 95 – State transition diagram of RSIR . 325
Figure 96 – State transition diagram of RSIRN . 337
Figure 97 – State transition diagram of FRAG_D . 347
Figure 98 – State transition diagram of FRAG_S . 350
Figure 99 – State transition diagram of DEFRAG . 353
Figure 100 – DLL Mapping Protocol Machines (DMPM) . 389
Figure 101 – Schematic diagram of data flow of control loop . 390
Figure 102 – End station model with IEEE Std 802.1Q alignment . 394
Figure 103 – Ethernet interface model with IEEE alignment – transmit direction . 395
Figure 104 – SendListControl alignment with Ethernet interface model . 396
Figure 105 – Algorithm for end station ETS model . 397
Figure 106 – Credit-based shaper algorithm . 399
Figure 107 – Send List Feed .
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