IEC 63175:2021

Fixed energy high intensity proton cyclotron within the energy range of 10 MeV to less than 30 MeV

IEC 63175:2021 is applicable to hydrogen ion H- acceleration proton cyclotrons with one or more fixed energies within the range of 10 MeV to less than 30 MeV and a beam intensity equal to or greater than 300 μA. This document specifies the performance and safety requirements, structure, technical requirements, test methods, identification, packing, transportation, storage and accompanying documents for such cyclotrons. This document is intended for manufacturers of high intensity proton cyclotron within the energy range of 10 MeV to less than 30 MeV, and responsible organizations where such cyclotrons are installed.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-Nov-2021
• ICS: 27.120.01 - Nuclear energy in general
• Technical Committee: TC 45 - Nuclear instrumentation
• Drafting Committee: PT 63175 - TC 45/PT 63175
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 29-Nov-2021
• Completion Date: 24-Dec-2021

Overview

IEC 63175:2021 is an international standard that defines performance and safety requirements for fixed-energy high‑intensity proton cyclotrons that accelerate hydrogen ions (H‑) in the energy range 10 MeV to less than 30 MeV with beam intensities ≥ 300 μA. The standard covers the cyclotron’s structure, technical requirements, testing methods, identification, packing, transportation, storage and accompanying documentation. It is intended primarily for manufacturers and organizations responsible for installing and operating these cyclotrons.

Key topics and technical requirements

IEC 63175 organizes technical content and tests that ensure reliable, safe operation. Key topics include:

• Performance indices - requirements for beam nominal energy, beam intensity, beam spot size and overall beam efficiency.
• Main subsystem requirements:
  • Ion source (H‑ beam production and intensity)
  • Radio‑frequency (RF) system (accelerating cavities and Q‑factor testing)
  • Vacuum system
  • Control and interlock systems (including radiation safety interlocks)
  • Water cooling systems
  • Stripping extraction efficiency for H‑ to proton conversion
• Electrical safety - protective grounding, insulation resistance, dielectric strength, touch current limits.
• Radiation safety - interlocks, shielding, and test methods to verify compliance.
• Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - surge and EFT immunity, emission and immunity testing.
• Test methods and inspection rules - environmental test conditions, equipment requirements, specific tests (beam energy, intensity, spot size), subsystem performance checks and acceptance criteria.
• Logistics and documentation - signage, packing, transport and storage requirements, instructions, supplier’s declaration of conformity.
• Informative annexes on unloaded Q‑factor measurement and magnetic field mapping.

Applications and users

IEC 63175 is relevant for practical applications where compact, high‑current proton beams in the 10–30 MeV range are required, such as:

• Medical and industrial radioisotope production
• Nuclear and materials research
• Radiation hardness testing and accelerator‑driven research systems
• Facilities that require standardized safety and performance verification for installed cyclotrons

Primary users:

• Manufacturers of fixed‑energy proton cyclotrons
• Installation and commissioning teams
• Facility operators, safety officers and regulators responsible for acceptance testing and ongoing compliance

Related standards

Applicable complementary references include other IEC nuclear instrumentation standards, IEC electrical safety and EMC standards, and applicable national radiation protection regulations. Users should consult local regulatory requirements and other IEC publications referenced inside IEC 63175 for complete compliance.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 63175 ®
Edition 1.0 2021-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Fixed energy high intensity proton cyclotron within the energy range of 10 MeV
to less than 30 MeV
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IEC 63175 ®
Edition 1.0 2021-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Fixed energy high intensity proton cyclotron within the energy range of 10 MeV

to less than 30 MeV
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 27.120.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-1054-1

– 2 – IEC 63175:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Cyclotron composition and operational conditions . 9
4.1 Composition . 9
4.2 Normal operating conditions . 9
4.2.1 Environmental requirements . 9
4.2.2 Electricity requirements . 9
4.2.3 Compressed air . 9
4.2.4 Nitrogen . 9
4.2.5 Lightning and electric shock protection . 10
4.2.6 Ion source media . 10
5 Technical requirements . 10
5.1 Warning signs . 10
5.2 Performance index . 10
5.3 Main subsystems performance index . 10
5.3.1 Ion source . 10
5.3.2 Radio frequency system . 10
5.3.3 Vacuum system . 10
5.3.4 Control system . 11
5.3.5 Interlock system for radiation safety . 11
5.3.6 Water cooling system . 11
5.3.7 Stripping extraction efficiency . 12
5.4 Electrical safety . 12
5.4.1 Protective grounding . 12
5.4.2 Insulation resistance . 12
5.4.3 Dielectric strength . 12
5.4.4 Touch current . 12
5.5 Radiation safety . 12
5.6 EMC . 12
5.6.1 Surge immunity . 12
5.6.2 EFT immunity . 12
5.6.3 Emission . 12
5.6.4 Immunity . 13
5.7 Operation . 13
6 Test methods . 13
6.1 General requirements . 13
6.1.1 Test environmental conditions . 13
6.1.2 Test equipment . 13
6.2 Warning signs check . 13
6.3 Performance test . 14
6.3.1 Beam nominal energy . 14
6.3.2 Beam intensity . 14
6.3.3 Beam spot size . 14

6.3.4 Comprehensive beam efficiency . 15
6.4 Main subsystem performance test . 16
6.4.1 Ion source beam intensity . 16
6.4.2 Radio frequency system . 16
6.4.3 Vacuum system . 17
6.4.4 Control system . 17
6.4.5 Interlock system for radiation safety . 17
6.4.6 Water cooling system . 18
6.4.7 Stripping extraction efficiency . 18
6.5 Electrical safety . 18
6.5.1 Protective grounding . 18
6.5.2 Insulation resistance . 18
6.5.3 Dielectric strength . 18
6.5.4 Touch current . 18
6.6 Radiation safety . 19
6.7 Operation test . 19
7 Inspection rules . 19
7.1 Summary . 19
7.2 Inspection items . 19
7.3 Criterion rule . 20
8 Signage, packing, transportation, storage and accompanying documents . 20
8.1 Signage . 20
8.1.1 Cyclotron signs . 20
8.1.2 Labels . 20
8.2 Packing . 20
8.3 Transportation . 20
8.4 Storage . 21
8.5 Accompanying documentation . 21
8.5.1 Instructions . 21
8.5.2 Supplier’s declaration of conformity . 21
8.5.3 Other documentation . 21
Annex A (informative) Measurement of unloaded quality factor by the manufacturer . 22
Annex B (informative) Magnetic field mapping . 23

Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of beam spot diameter test . 15
Figure 2 – Schematic diagram of beam spot diameter test result. 15
Figure A.1 – Connection of resonant cavity and network analyzer . 22
Figure A.2 – S curve measured with a network analyzer . 22
Figure B.1 – Distribution of measuring points in the cyclotron central plane . 24

Table 1 – Environmental conditions of the test . 13
Table 2 – Inspection items of 10 MeV to less than 30 MeV cyclotron. 19

– 4 – IEC 63175:2021 © IEC 2021
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIXED ENERGY HIGH INTENSITY PROTON CYCLOTRON WITHIN
THE ENERGY RANGE OF 10 MeV TO LESS THAN 30 MeV

FOREWORD
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IEC 63175 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 45: Nuclear instrumentation. It is
an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
45/930/FDIS 45/932/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
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– 6 – IEC 63175:2021 © IEC 2021
INTRODUCTION
Particle accelerators have a wide application in the field of nuclear physics, radiation
hardening, accelerator-driven energy system (nuclear reactor), and of course radioisotopes
production, etc. Proton cyclotron is one particular class of particle accelerators used for
example for the acceleration of negative hydrogen ions.
This document specifies the performance and safety requirements, structure, technical
requirements, test methods, identification, packing, transportation, storage and accompanying
documents for proton cyclotrons.
Annex A and Annex B are both informative.

FIXED ENERGY HIGH INTENSITY PROTON CYCLOTRON WITHIN
THE ENERGY RANGE OF 10 MeV TO LESS THAN 30 MeV

1 Scope
-
This document is applicable to hydrogen ion H acceleration proton cyclotrons with one or
more fixed energies within the range of 10 MeV to less than 30 MeV and a beam intensity
equal to or greater than 300 μA.
This document specifies the performance and safety requirements, structure, technical
requirements, test methods, identification, packing, transportation, storage and accompanying
documents for such cyclotrons.
This type of cyclotrons is intended for industrial use, including medical isotope and neutron
production. Therapeutic medical applications are excluded from the scope of this document.
This document is intended for manufacturers of high intensity proton cyclotron within the
energy range of 10 MeV to less than 30 MeV, and responsible organizations where such
cyclotrons are installed.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60038:2009, IEC standard voltages
IEC 60204-1:2016, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60243-1:2013, Electric strength of insulating materials – Test methods – Part 1: Tests at
power frequencies
IEC 60364-1:2005, Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 1: Fundamental principles,
assessment of general characteristics, definitions
IEC 60364-5-51:2005, Electrical installations of buildings – Part 5-51: Selection and erection
of electrical equipment – Common rules
IEC 61000-4-4:2012, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-4: Testing and
measurement techniques – Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test
IEC 61000-4-5:2014, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-5: Testing and
measurement techniques – Surge immunity test
IEC 61000-6-2:2016, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-2: Generic standards –
Immunity standard for industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-4:2018, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-4: Generic standards –
Emission standard for industrial environments

– 8 – IEC 63175:2021 © IEC 2021
IEC 61010-1:2010, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control,
and laboratory use – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61010-1:2010/AMD1:2016
IEC 61140:2016, Protection against electric shock – Common aspects for installation and
equipment
IEC 62305 (all parts), Protection against lighting
ISO/IEC Guide 37:2012, Instructions for use of products by consumers
ISO 780:2015, Packaging – Distribution packaging – Graphical symbols for handling and
storage of packages
ISO 8573-1:2010, Compressed air – Part 1: Contaminants and purity classes
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online Browsing Platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
cyclotron
device that uses static magnetic field to make charged particles to whirl and to be repeatedly
accelerated by radio frequency electric field with fixed frequency
3.2
beam energy
kinetic energy of charged particles in a beam through a cyclotron device
3.3
beam intensity
total charge of charged particles passing through a section in unit time
3.4
phase shift
difference between the phase of charged particle cyclotron motion and radio frequency
voltage at the gap crossing
Note 1 to entry: The expression of phase shift is shown in Formula (B.2).
3.5
unloaded quality factor
quality factor when the resonator is not connected to any external circuit (no load)
Note 1 to entry: When the resonator is in a stable resonant state, the unloaded quality factor 𝑄𝑄 is defined as:
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑒𝑒𝑇𝑇𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑇𝑇𝑒𝑒𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑒𝑒
𝑄𝑄 = 2𝜋𝜋 ×
(1)
𝐸𝐸𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑖𝑑𝑑𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑖𝑖𝑇𝑇𝑒𝑒 𝑇𝑇𝑜𝑜 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑇𝑇𝑒𝑒𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖𝑒𝑒 𝑇𝑇𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑇𝑇𝑒𝑒

Note 2 to entry: One example of actual measurement and calculation methods for unloaded quality factor is
shown in Annex A.
4 Cyclotron composition and operational conditions
4.1 Composition
Generally, the cyclotron consists of the following components:
a) ion source and injection system;
b) magnet system;
c) radio frequency system;
d) vacuum system;
e) extraction system;
f) power supply system;
g) control system;
h) interlock system for radiation safety;
i) beam monitoring system;
j) water cooling system and pneumatic system.
4.2 Normal operating conditions
4.2.1 Environmental requirements
Environmental requirements are as follows:
a) ambient temperature: 15 °C to 35 °C;
b) relative humidity: 35 % to 65 %, no condensation;
c) indoor and outdoor pressure difference: maintain sufficient negative pressure;
d) control room: ambient temperature is 15 °C to 26 °C with relative humidity lower than 60 %
and no condensation.
4.2.2 Electricity requirements
Electrical requirements for cyclotron power supply environment are as follows:
a) power supply: a three-phase five-wire (TN-S, IEC 60364-1:2005) or a three-phase four-
wire (TN-C-S, IEC 60364-1:2005) AC system. In case of a four-wire system, the cyclotron
has to be cabled as a single consumer with five-wire after the first power entry panel;
b) voltage: listed in Table 1 of IEC 60038:2009, the supply voltage shall not differ from the
nominal voltage of the system by more than ±10 %;
c) frequency: 50/60 Hz ±1 Hz.
4.2.3 Compressed air
Instructions for use shall specify the operating condition range for compressed air supply
(ISO 8573-1:2010 [1.4.1]).
4.2.4 Nitrogen
In case nitrogen is used for venting the cyclotron main tank when the cyclotron is under
maintenance, instructions for use shall specify the operating conditions.

– 10 – IEC 63175:2021 © IEC 2021
4.2.5 Lightning and electric shock protection
Lightning and electric shock protection in the cyclotron workplace shall be designed according
to IEC 62305.
4.2.6 Ion source media
Cyclotron uses hydrogen for the ion source. Instructions for use shall specify the operating
condition range of hydrogen for the ion source.
5 Technical requirements
5.1 Warning signs
Warning signs shall follow the requirements in 16.2 of IEC 60204-1:2016 or applicable
requirements which may differ between nations or organizations.
5.2 Performance index
High intensity cyclotron accelerates the negative hydrogen ions, and the ion beam quality
shall satisfy the following performance indexes:
a) beam nominal energy: beam nominal energy value shall be specified in the instructions for
use;
b) beam intensity: the sum of beam intensity in all directions shall be specified in the
instructions for use;
c) beam spot size: the diameter of beam spot which contains 95 % of the total beam at the
extraction foil shall be equal to or less than 50 % of the magnetic gap; magnetic gap here
means the sector gap at the extraction point;
d) comprehensive beam efficiency: equal to or greater than 5 % for external ion source.
5.3 Main subsystems performance index
5.3.1 Ion source
Beam quality (intensity and emittance) provided from the ion source shall be sufficient based
on the efficiency defined in 5.2.
5.3.2 Radio frequency system
Under the condition of fixed working frequency, radio frequency system shall satisfy:
-6
a) frequency relative instability: less than or equal to 1 × 10 ;
-3
b) voltage relative instability of Dee plate: less than or equal to ±5 × 10 .
5.3.3 Vacuum system
Provided the vacuum gauge is properly positioned in the vacuum chamber, non-hydrogen gas
load working pressure and hydrogen gas load working pressure of the vacuum chamber
-4 -4
should be lower than 3 × 10 Pa and 8 × 10 Pa respectively to avoid beam loss.
If the vacuum system is restarted after venting the cyclotron main chamber with dry nitrogen,
the above pre-working pressure requirements shall be within the time guided by
...