IEC 60404-3:2022
(Main)Magnetic materials - Part 3: Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester
Magnetic materials - Part 3: Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester
IEC 60404-3:2022 is applicable to grain-oriented and non-oriented electrical steel strip and sheet for measurement of AC magnetic properties at power frequencies. The object of this document is to define the general principles and the technical details of the measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester (SST). This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- Annex A was revised. The method of determining the yokes’ lamination resistance was added to Annex A;
- Annex B of the consolidated version of 2010 referred to calibration of the SST using the Epstein method. It was cancelled;
- Annex B (new), Annex C and Annex D were revised, they are for information only;
- Annex C was modified taking account of the new situation regarding P and R grades;
- Annex D was amended by addition of Clause D.4 on the numerical air flux compensation.
Matériaux magnétiques - Partie 3: Méthodes de mesure des caractéristiques magnétiques des bandes et tôles magnétiques en acier à l'aide de l'essai sur tôle unique
L'IEC 60404-3:2022 s'applique aux bandes et tôles magnétiques en acier à grains orientés et à grains non orientés pour le mesurage des caractéristiques magnétiques en courant alternatif aux fréquences industrielles. Le présent document a pour objet de définir les principes généraux et les détails techniques pour le mesurage des caractéristiques magnétiques des bandes et tôles magnétiques en acier à l'aide de l'essai sur tôle unique (SST, Single Sheet Tester). Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
- l'Annexe A a été révisée. La méthode de détermination de la résistance des bandes des culasses a été ajoutée à l'Annexe A;
- l'Annexe B de l'édition consolidée de 2010 faisait référence à l'étalonnage du SST à l'aide de la méthode Epstein. Elle a été annulée;
- l'Annexe B (nouvelle), l'Annexe C et l'Annexe D ont été révisées et sont seulement informatives;
- l'Annexe C a été modifiée compte tenu de la nouvelle situation concernant les qualités P et R;
- l'Annexe D a été amendée par ajout de l'Article D.4 relatif à la compensation numérique du flux d'air.
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IEC 60404-3 ®
Edition 3.0 2022-11
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
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inside
Magnetic materials –
Part 3: Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel
strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
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IEC 60404-3 ®
Edition 3.0 2022-11
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Magnetic materials –
Part 3: Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel
strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 17.220.20; 29.030 ISBN 978-2-8322-6049-4
– 2 – IEC 60404-3:2022 RLV © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Object and field of application Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 General principles of AC measurements . 7
4.1 General . 7
4.2 Principle of the single sheet tester method . 7
4.3 Test apparatus . 8
4.3.1 Yokes . 8
4.3.2 Windings . 10
4.4 Air flux compensation . 11
4.5 Test specimen . 11
4.6 Power supply . 12
5 Determination of the specific total loss . 12
5.1 Principle of measurement. 12
5.2 Apparatus . 12
5.2.1 Voltage measurement . 12
5.2.2 Frequency measurement . 13
5.2.3 Power measurement . 13
5.3 Measurement procedure of the specific total loss . 13
5.3.1 Preparation of measurement . 13
5.3.2 Source setting Adjustment of power supply . 13
5.3.3 Measurements . 14
5.3.4 Reproducibility of the measurement of the specific total loss . 15
6 Determination of magnetic field strength, excitation primary current and specific
apparent power . 15
6.1 General . 15
6.2 Principle of measurement. 15
6.2.1 Peak value of the magnetic polarization . 15
6.2.2 RMS value the excitation primary current . 15
6.2.3 Peak value of the magnetic field strength . 16
6.3 Apparatus . 17
6.3.1 Average type voltmeter . 17
6.3.2 RMS current measurement . 17
6.3.3 Peak current measurement . 17
6.3.4 Power supply . 18
6.3.5 Resistor R R . 18
n
6.4 Measuring procedure . 18
6.4.1 Preparation for measurement . 18
6.4.2 Measurement . 18
6.4.3 Non-oriented material . 18
6.5 Determination of characteristics . 19
6.5.1 Determination of Ĵ . 19
6.5.2 Determination of H . 19
6.5.3 Determination of H . 20
6.5.4 Determination of S . 20
s
6.5.5 Reproducibility of the measurement of the specific apparent power . 21
7 Test report . 21
Annex A (normative) Requirements concerning the manufacture of yokes . 22
Annex B (informative) Calibration of the test apparatus with respect to the Epstein
frame .
Annex B (informative) Check and verification of reliable performance of the SST set-
up by the use of reference samples and impact of the loss dissipated in the yokes . 25
Annex C (informative) Epstein to SST relationship for grain-oriented steel sheet . 28
Annex D (informative) Digital sampling methods for the determination of the magnetic
properties and numerical air flux compensation . 32
D.1 General . 32
D.2 Technical details and requirements . 32
D.3 Calibration aspects . 34
D.4 Numerical air flux compensation . 35
Bibliography . 36
Figure 1 – Schematic diagrammes of the test apparatus . 9
Figure 2 – Yoke dimensions . 10
Figure 3 – Diagram of the connections of the five coils of the primary winding . 10
Figure 4 – Circuit for the determination of the specific total loss. 11
Figure 5 – Circuit for measuring the RMS value of the excitation primary current . 16
Figure 6 – Circuit for measuring the peak value of the magnetic field strength . 17
Figure B.1 – Specific total loss vs. peak flux density (after J.Sievert [3] and
1.85
G. Bertotti [4]); straight line: P ∝ B approximation (after C.Ragusa). . 26
S
Figure C.1 – Epstein-SST conversion factor δP SST-Epstein relative difference δP for
conventional grain-oriented material versus magnetic polarization J Ĵ . 30
Figure C.2 – Epstein-SST conversion factor δHS SST-Epstein relative difference δHS
for conventional grain-oriented material versus magnetic polarization J Ĵ . 31
Table B.1 – Loss dissipated by the yokes of a standard SST, determined from the loss
curves measured on 3 yoke pairs as shown in Figure B.1, and relevant quantities
including the relative yokes' contribution, p ; exemplified using 5 standard grades . 27
Y
Table C.1 – Epstein-SST conversion factors δP and δHS SST-Epstein relative
differences δP and δHS and the conversion factor F for conventional grain-oriented
C
material in the polarization range 1,0 T to 1,8 T . 30
– 4 – IEC 60404-3:2022 RLV © IEC 2022
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
MAGNETIC MATERIALS –
Part 3: Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of
electrical steel strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester
FOREWORD
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...
IEC 60404-3 ®
Edition 3.0 2022-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Magnetic materials –
Part 3: Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel
strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester
Matériaux magnétiques –
Partie 3: Méthodes de mesure des caractéristiques magnétiques des bandes et
tôles magnétiques en acier à l'aide de l'essai sur tôle unique
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
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About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
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Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
containing more than 22 300 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and
and French, with equivalent terms in 19 additional languages.
once a month by email.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
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IEC 60404-3 ®
Edition 3.0 2022-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Magnetic materials –
Part 3: Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel
strip and sheet by means of a single sheet tester
Matériaux magnétiques –
Partie 3: Méthodes de mesure des caractéristiques magnétiques des bandes et
tôles magnétiques en acier à l'aide de l'essai sur tôle unique
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220.20; 29.030 ISBN 978-2-8322-5961-0
– 2 – IEC 60404-3:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 General principles of AC measurements . 7
4.1 General . 7
4.2 Principle of the single sheet tester method . 7
4.3 Test apparatus . 7
4.3.1 Yokes . 7
4.3.2 Windings . 9
4.4 Air flux compensation . 10
4.5 Test specimen . 10
4.6 Power supply . 11
5 Determination of the specific total loss . 11
5.1 Principle of measurement. 11
5.2 Apparatus . 11
5.2.1 Voltage measurement . 11
5.2.2 Frequency measurement . 12
5.2.3 Power measurement . 12
5.3 Measurement procedure of the specific total loss . 12
5.3.1 Preparation of measurement . 12
5.3.2 Adjustment of power supply . 12
5.3.3 Measurements . 13
5.3.4 Reproducibility of the measurement of the specific total loss . 14
6 Determination of magnetic field strength, primary current and specific apparent
power . 14
6.1 General . 14
6.2 Principle of measurement. 14
6.2.1 Peak value of the magnetic polarization . 14
6.2.2 RMS value of the primary current. 14
6.2.3 Peak value of the magnetic field strength . 15
6.3 Apparatus . 15
6.3.1 Average type voltmeter . 15
6.3.2 RMS current measurement . 16
6.3.3 Peak current measurement . 16
6.3.4 Power supply . 16
6.3.5 Resistor R . 16
6.4 Measuring procedure . 16
6.4.1 Preparation for measurement . 16
6.4.2 Measurement . 16
6.4.3 Non-oriented material . 17
6.5 Determination of characteristics . 17
6.5.1 Determination of Ĵ . 17
6.5.2 Determination of H . 17
6.5.3 Determination of . 18
H
6.5.4 Determination of S . 18
s
6.5.5 Reproducibility of the measurement of the specific apparent power . 19
7 Test report . 19
Annex A (normative) Requirements concerning the manufacture of yokes . 20
Annex B (informative) Check and verification of reliable performance of the SST set-
up by the use of reference samples and impact of the loss dissipated in the yokes . 22
Annex C (informative) Epstein to SST relationship for grain-oriented steel sheet . 25
Annex D (informative) Digital sampling methods for the determination of the magnetic
properties and numerical air flux compensation . 28
D.1 General . 28
D.2 Technical details and requirements . 28
D.3 Calibration aspects . 30
D.4 Numerical air flux compensation . 30
Bibliography . 32
Figure 1 – Schematic diagrammes of the test apparatus . 8
Figure 2 – Yoke dimensions . 9
Figure 3 – Diagram of the connections of the five coils of the primary winding . 9
Figure 4 – Circuit for the determination of the specific total loss. 10
Figure 5 – Circuit for measuring the RMS value of the primary current . 15
Figure 6 – Circuit for measuring the peak value of the magnetic field strength . 15
Figure B.1 – Specific total loss vs. peak flux density (after J.Sievert [3] and
1.85
G. Bertotti [4]); straight line: P ∝ B approximation (after C.Ragusa). . 23
S
Figure C.1 – SST-Epstein relative difference δP for conventional grain-oriented
material versus magnetic polarization Ĵ . 27
Figure C.2 – SST-Epstein relative difference δHS for conventional grain-oriented
material versus magnetic polarization Ĵ . 27
Table B.1 – Loss dissipated by the yokes of a standard SST, determined from the loss
curves measured on 3 yoke pairs as shown in Figure B.1, and relevant quantities
including the relative yokes' contribution, p ; exemplified using 5 standard grades . 24
Y
Table C.1
...
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