IEC 62932-2-1:2020
(Main)Flow battery energy systems for stationary applications - Part 2-1: Performance general requirements and test methods
Flow battery energy systems for stationary applications - Part 2-1: Performance general requirements and test methods
IEC 62932-2-1:2020 specifies methods of test and requirements for the flow battery system (FBS) and the flow battery energy system (FBES) for the verification of their performances. This document is applicable to FBES or FBS which are designed and used for service in stationary locations (i.e. not generally to be moved from place to place). This document does not cover testing of the system for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
Systèmes de production d'énergie à batteries d'accumulateurs à circulation d'électrolyte pour les applications stationnaires - Partie 2-1: Exigences générales de performances et méthodes d’essai
L’IEC 62932-2-1:2020 spécifie les méthodes d’essai et les exigences applicables au système de batterie d’accumulateur à circulation d’électrolyte (FBS) et au système de production d’énergie à batterie d’accumulateur à circulation d’électrolyte (FBES) pour la vérification de leurs performances.
Le présent document s’applique au FBES ou au FBS conçu et utilisé sur des sites stationnaires (c’est-à-dire généralement non destinés à être déplacés d’un lieu à un autre).
Le présent document ne couvre pas les essais de compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) du FBES ou du FBS.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 62932-2-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2020-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Flow battery energy systems for stationary applications –
Part 2-1: Performance general requirements and test methods
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional languages.
and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
details all new publications released. Available online and 67 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
once a month by email. French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or CISPR.
need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
IEC 62932-2-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2020-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Flow battery energy systems for stationary applications –
Part 2-1: Performance general requirements and test methods
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.220.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-7853-6
– 2 – IEC 62932-2-1:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 6
4 General requirements . 7
5 General test conditions . 7
5.1 Accuracy of measuring instruments . 7
5.1.1 Voltage measurement . 7
5.1.2 Current measurement . 7
5.1.3 Electric energy measurement . 7
5.1.4 Temperature measurement . 7
5.1.5 Time measurement . 7
5.2 Ambient temperature. 7
5.3 Point of connection (POC) and point of measurement (POM) . 8
5.4 Test object . 9
5.5 Test object unit (TOU) selection . 9
6 Test methods . 9
6.1 Determination of energy at a constant power . 9
6.1.1 General . 9
6.1.2 Test procedures . 9
6.2 Determination of maximum deliverable output power . 10
6.2.1 General . 10
6.2.2 Test procedures . 10
6.3 Determination of maximum receivable input power . 11
6.3.1 General . 11
6.3.2 Test procedures . 11
6.4 Determination of energy efficiency at a constant power level . 12
6.4.1 General . 12
6.4.2 Test procedures . 12
6.5 Determination of cycle life . 13
Annex A (informative) Testing of discharge power vs energy or energy efficiency . 14
Figure 1 – Flow battery energy system . 5
Figure 2 – POM/POC interconnection cases a), b), c) . 8
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FLOW BATTERY ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS –
Part 2-1: Performance general requirements and test methods
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC Publication(s)"). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62932-2-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 21:
Secondary cells and batteries, in collaboration with IEC technical committee 105: Fuel cell
technologies.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
21/1028/FDIS 21/1036/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62932 series, published under the general title Flow battery energy
systems for stationary applications, can be found on the IEC website.
– 4 – IEC 62932-2-1:2020 © IEC 2020
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
INTRODUCTION
A flow battery system (FBS) can be utilized as a main part of a flow battery energy system
(FBES). Such an FBES can consist of:
– a flow battery system,
– a power conversion system,
– other equipment and surroundings.
The FBES is connected to the external power input or output via a point of connection (POC).
This document includes the domain of the FBES, as shown in Figure 1. Auxiliary energy to the
battery management system (BMS), battery support system (BSS), and power conversion
system (PCS) may be supplied by one of the following:
– direct connection to the external power source;
– the internal power source of the FBES or FBS itself.
Figure 1 – Flow battery energy system
– 6 – IEC 62932-2-1:2020 © IEC 2020
FLOW BATTERY ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS –
Part 2-1: Performance general requirements and test methods
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62932 specifies methods of test and requirements for the flow battery system
(FBS) and the flow battery energy system (FBES) for the verification of their performances.
This document is applicable to FBES or FBS which are designed and used for service in
stationary locations (i.e. not generally to be moved from place to place).
This document does not cover testing of the system for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 62932-1, Flow battery energy systems for stationary applications – Part 1: Terminology and
general aspects
IEC 62932-2-2, Flow battery energy systems for stationary applications – Part 2-2: Safety
requirements
IEC 61427-2, Secondary cells and batteries for renewable energy storage – General
requirements and methods of test – Part 2: On-grid applications
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in IEC 62932-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/.
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp.
3.2 Abbreviated terms
BMS battery management system
BSS battery support system
FBES flow battery energy system
FBS flow battery system
PCS power conversion system
POC point of connection
POM point of measurement
TOU test object unit
4 General requirements
The FBES or FBS shall be designed to withstand mechanical stresses, vibrations and shocks
during transportation, handling and use.
The manufacturer shall provide documentation for transportation, installation, commissioning,
operation, maintenance, and disposal of the FBES or FBS.
The FBES or FBS shall be characterized by appropriate performance parameters, including
rated power, rated energy, rated energy efficiency, maximum output and input powers. More
information, such as energy or energy efficiency at different power levels (see Annex A), will
help the user know and use the FBES or FBS better.
Safety related requirements and methods of test shall be in accordance with IEC 62932-2-2.
5 General test conditions
5.1 Accuracy of measuring instruments
5.1.1 Voltage measurement
The instruments used shall be of an accuracy class equal to 1 % or better. The internal
resistance of the voltmeter used shall be at least 1 kΩ/V.
5.1.2 Current measurement
The instruments used shall be of an accuracy class equal to 1 % or better.
Particular attention shall be given to the accuracy of DC and AC current measurement devices
as any degraded accuracy or instability will negatively impact the precision of energy and
efficiency determinations.
5.1.3 Electric energy measurement
The instruments used shall be of an accuracy class equal to 1 % or better.
Particular attention shall be given to the accuracy of DC and AC power and energy
measurement devices as any degraded accuracy or instability will negatively impact the
precision of energy and efficiency determinations.
5.1.4 Temperature measurement
The instruments used shall have a resolution of 0,5 K and the accuracy of the instruments shall
be ±1 K or better.
5.1.5 Time measurement
The instruments used shall have a resolution of 1 s and the accuracy of the instruments shall
be 1 % of the measured time interval or better.
5.2 Ambient temperature
All tests of an FBES or FBS shall be carried out at an ambient temperature of 25 °C ± 5 K u
...
IEC 62932-2-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2020-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Flow battery energy systems for stationary applications –
Part 2-1: Performance general requirements and test methods
Systèmes de production d’énergie à batteries d’accumulateurs à circulation
d’électrolyte pour les applications stationnaires –
Partie 2-1: Exigences générales de performances et méthodes d’essai
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
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3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
committee,…). It also gives information on projects, replaced and French, with equivalent terms in 16 additional languages.
and withdrawn publications. Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published IEC Glossary - std.iec.ch/glossary
details all new publications released. Available online and 67 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and
once a month by email. French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of
IEC publications issued since 2002. Some entries have been
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or CISPR.
need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
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IEC 62932-2-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2020-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Flow battery energy systems for stationary applications –
Part 2-1: Performance general requirements and test methods
Systèmes de production d’énergie à batteries d’accumulateurs à circulation
d’électrolyte pour les applications stationnaires –
Partie 2-1: Exigences générales de performances et méthodes d’essai
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.220.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-8537-4
– 2 – IEC 62932-2-1:2020 © IEC 2020
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 6
3.1 Terms and definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 6
4 General requirements . 7
5 General test conditions . 7
5.1 Accuracy of measuring instruments . 7
5.1.1 Voltage measurement . 7
5.1.2 Current measurement . 7
5.1.3 Electric energy measurement . 7
5.1.4 Temperature measurement . 7
5.1.5 Time measurement . 7
5.2 Ambient temperature. 7
5.3 Point of connection (POC) and point of measurement (POM) . 8
5.4 Test object . 9
5.5 Test object unit (TOU) selection . 9
6 Test methods . 9
6.1 Determination of energy at a constant power . 9
6.1.1 General . 9
6.1.2 Test procedures . 9
6.2 Determination of maximum deliverable output power . 10
6.2.1 General . 10
6.2.2 Test procedures . 10
6.3 Determination of maximum receivable input power . 11
6.3.1 General . 11
6.3.2 Test procedures . 11
6.4 Determination of energy efficiency at a constant power level . 12
6.4.1 General . 12
6.4.2 Test procedures . 12
6.5 Determination of cycle life . 13
Annex A (informative) Testing of discharge power vs energy or energy efficiency . 14
Figure 1 – Flow battery energy system . 5
Figure 2 – POM/POC interconnection cases a), b), c) . 8
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FLOW BATTERY ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS –
Part 2-1: Performance general requirements and test methods
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC Publication(s)"). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62932-2-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 21:
Secondary cells and batteries, in collaboration with IEC technical committee 105: Fuel cell
technologies.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
21/1028/FDIS 21/1036/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62932 series, published under the general title Flow battery energy
systems for stationary applications, can be found on the IEC website.
– 4 – IEC 62932-2-1:2020 © IEC 2020
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
INTRODUCTION
A flow battery system (FBS) can be utilized as a main part of a flow battery energy system
(FBES). Such an FBES can consist of:
– a flow battery system,
– a power conversion system,
– other equipment and surroundings.
The FBES is connected to the external power input or output via a point of connection (POC).
This document includes the domain of the FBES, as shown in Figure 1. Auxiliary energy to the
battery management system (BMS), battery support system (BSS), and power conversion
system (PCS) may be supplied by one of the following:
– direct connection to the external power source;
– the internal power source of the FBES or FBS itself.
Figure 1 – Flow battery energy system
– 6 – IEC 62932-2-1:2020 © IEC 2020
FLOW BATTERY ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR STATIONARY APPLICATIONS –
Part 2-1: Performance general requirements and test methods
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62932 specifies methods of test and requirements for the flow battery system
(FBS) and the flow battery energy system (FBES) for the verification of their performances.
This document is applicable to FBES or FBS which are designed and used for service in
stationary locations (i.e. not generally to be moved from place to place).
This document does not cover testing of the system for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 62932-1, Flow battery energy systems for stationary applications – Part 1: Terminology and
general aspects
IEC 62932-2-2, Flow battery energy systems for stationary applications – Part 2-2: Safety
requirements
IEC 61427-2, Secondary cells and batteries for renewable energy storage – General
requirements and methods of test – Part 2: On-grid applications
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in IEC 62932-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/.
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp.
3.2 Abbreviated terms
BMS battery management system
BSS battery support system
FBES flow battery energy system
FBS flow battery system
PCS power conversion system
POC point of connection
POM point of measurement
TOU test object unit
4 General requirements
The FBES or FBS shall be designed to withstand mechanical stresses, vibrations and shocks
during transportation, handling and use.
The manufacturer shall provide documentation for transportation, installation, commissioning,
operation, maintenance, and disposal of the FBES or FBS.
The FBES or FBS shall be characterized by appropriate performance parameters, including
rated power, rated energy, rated energy efficiency, maximum output and input powers. More
information, such as energy or energy efficiency at different power levels (see Annex A), will
help the user know and use the FBES or FBS better.
Safety related requirements and methods of test shall be in accordance with IEC 62932-2-2.
5 General test conditions
5.1 Accuracy of measuring instruments
5.1.1 Voltage measurement
The instruments used shall be of an accuracy class equal to 1 % or better. The internal
resistance of the voltmeter used shall be at least 1 kΩ/V.
5.1.2 Current measurement
The instruments used shall be of an accuracy class equal to 1 % or better.
Particular attention shall be given to the accuracy of DC and AC current measurement devices
as any degraded accuracy or instability will negatively impact the precision of energy and
efficiency determinations.
5.1.3 Electric energy measurement
The instruments used shall be of an accuracy class equal to 1 % or better.
Particular attention shall be given to the accuracy of DC and AC power and energy
measurement devices as any degraded accuracy or instability will negatively impact the
precision of energy and efficiency determinations.
5.1.4 Temperature measurement
The instruments used shall have a resolution of 0,5 K and the accuracy of the instruments shall
be ±1 K or better.
5.1.5 Time measurement
The instruments used shall have a resolution of 1 s and the accuracy of the instruments shall
be 1 % of the measured time interval or better.
5.2 Ambient temperature
All tests of an FBES or FBS shall be carried out at an ambient temperature of 25 °C ± 5 K unless
otherwise specified in a test clause or agreed by the manufacturer and user. The ambient
temperature shall be measured and reported. The measuring instrument or probe shall be
shielded from draught and radiant heating.
– 8 – IEC 62932-2-1:2020 © IEC 2020
During a test, the FBES or FBS will operate spontaneously at a temperature different to the
ambient one due to energy conversion inefficiencies, internal frictional or ohmic losses and
similar.
For any test, the average ambient temperature and the temperature of the fluids entering the
flow battery cell or stack shall be recorded and reported. The location of the fluid temperature
probe shall be described.
5.3 Point of connection (POC) and point of measurement (POM)
The POC and POM shall be selected according to relevant examples and conditions a), b) or c)
of Figure 2. The power and the energy value are to be measured at the corresponding POM of
the FBS, FBES and the auxiliary equipment.
a) Case a), auxiliary b) Case b), auxiliary energy/power c) Case c), auxiliary
energy/power as DC is supplied as AC is supplied below the POC by energy/power as AC supplied
by the FBS the FBES or FBS via an auxiliary POC from the
grid
Key
P DC power entering or exiting the FBS (W)
DC
E DC energy entering or exiting the FBS (Wh)
DC
P AC power entering or exiting the FBES (W)
AC
E AC energy entering or exitingthe FBES (Wh)
AC
P auxilary power (W)
aux
auxilary energy (Wh)
E
aux
η and η conversion efficiency of the transmitter in different positions. If there is no transmitter, the conversion
efficiency value is 1
η product of the conversion efficiencies of all the transmitters in the dashed wire frame in Figure 2 c). If
there is no transmitter, the conversion efficiency value is 1
η conversion efficiency of the PCS
PCS
Figure 2 – POM/POC interconnection cases a), b), c)
5.4 Test object
In the definition of the test object, the boundary shall physically cover or include the following:
– for the FBS: BMS, BSS, pumps;
– for the FBES: BMS, BSS, pumps, PCS;
– for the TOU: BMS, BSS, pumps, with or without PCS.
In an FBES or FBS or TOU, the auxiliary energy either at DC or AC level has to be taken into
account.
To ensure transparency in data, the relevant and appropriate POM and POC as defined in
Figure 2, conditions a), b) or c) shall be recorded and reported.
A schematic layout of the components forming the test units and their interconnection points
shall accompany the test object description.
5.5 Test object unit (TOU) selection
– The FBES or FBS shall be tested in a defined layout.
– When due to test facility, costs or similar limitations this is not possible or desirable then a
representative test object unit (TOU) shall be defined and tested instead.
– This test object unit (TOU) shall encompass all components as defined in the test boundary
for an FBES or an FBS.
– These components shall be sized to match the TOU if needed or possible.
– The final assembly of the TOU shall faithfully represent the full-sized FBES or FBS so that
the test data obtained therewith can be extrapolated to them.
– The tested FBS, FBES or TOU shall be fully described in the relevant test report.
– Auxiliary energy data shall be scaled to the size of the TOU tested.
– All tests shall be carried out with the same and identical FBS, FBES or TOU throughout the
duration of the test.
6 Test methods
6.1 Determination of energy at a constant power
6.1.1 General
This test is for determining the discharge energy of the FBES or FBS at the constant power
mode, by measuring the total discharge energy outputs from the FBES or FBS and the auxiliary
energy consumed by auxiliary equipment (e.g. BMS, BSS and pumps).
The FBES, FBS or TOU (collectively the "test unit"), as defined in 5.4 and 5.5, shall be in a
stable temperature condition prior to measurements. The temperature and concentration of
electroactive species in the fluid entering the cell or stack shall be recorded and reported.
6.1.2 Test procedures
The test shall be in accordance with the following procedures:
a) The test unit shall be connected to a load circuit which can charge or discharge the test unit
as needed. Adequate equipment shall be in place to determine the auxiliary energy of the
auxiliary equipment during the determination.
b) The test unit shall be fully charged with the method declared by the manufacturer.
– 10 – IEC 62932-2-1:2020 © IEC 2020
c) The test unit shall be discharged with a constant power until the end-of-discharge is reached.
This power shall be kept constant to within ±2 %. The criteria of end-of-discharge shall be
declared and implemented in the test circuit.
NOTE 1 The criteria of end-of-discharge are typically the attainment of specified discharge duration or cut-off
voltage or the percentage of retained energy to the rated energy.
d) The total discharged energy from the test unit and the auxilary energy consumption during
discharge in c) shall be measured and recorded.
NOTE 2 The total discharged energy can be defined as the integral of the constant discharge power over the
discharge duration in hours or be determined directly by the energy measuring instrument.
e) Any change of the state of charge or state of health of the test unit, change in the power
consumption of the auxiliaries, or the use of different discharge power, ambient/electrolyte
temperature or end-of-discharge parameters will result in different energy values. For this
reason, any energy statement has to be accompanied by the declaration of the conditions
operative during its determination.
f) To verify a manufacturer declared value, i.e. the rated energy value, three consecutive and
identical energy determinations shall be carried out at rated power.
g) To show compliance with the rated energy value declared by the manufacturer, the
experimentally determined average energy of three consecutive cycles shall be equal to or
greater than the rated value.
6.2 Determination of maximum deliverable output power
6.2.1 General
The maximum deliverable output power is affected by the discharge time, the state of charge,
the ambient temperature and the auxiliary power needs for the FBES/FBS or TOU operation.
Any maximum deliverable output power value determined is hence representative or applicable
only to the specific operation condition of the FBES/FBS or TOU as mentioned above.
6.2.2 Test procedures
The test for the determining the maximum deliverable output power shall be in accordance with
the following procedures:
a) The duration of discharge t shall be defined before the test. The defined duration of 1/50
d
rated energy to rated power is recommended. The manufacturer shall, alternatively, declare
the duration time used.
b) The test unit shall be charged to a desired state of charge according to the method declared
by the manufacturer.
c) The test unit shall be discharged at a constant selected power level until the end-of-
discharge is reached. The duration time of discharge shall be recorded. The power level
shall be kept constant to within ±2 %. It shall be noted that the selected discharge power
level shall not cause irreversible damage to the unit.
d) If the duration of discharge t is higher than the defined duration value t , repeat b) and c)
d
with an increased power level until the determined duration value t of discharge is achieved.
d
All the other conditions (such as ambient temperature, end-of-discharge) shall be kept
constant. It is recommended to conduct the test from higher power to lower power.
e) If the duration of discharge t is lower than the defined duration t , repeat b) and c) with a
d
decreased power level until the defined duration t of discharge is achieved. All the other
d
conditions (such as ambient temperature, end-of-discharge) shall be kept constant.
f) The maximum deliverable output power value and the corresponding auxilary power
supplied shall be recorded. The maximum deliverable output power value shall be
accompanied with the duration of discharge t , the state of charge and ambient temperature.
d
g) To verify a manufacturer-declared maxmum output power value, the declared power
maxmum output shall be selected to conduct the procedure under c). The measured
duration time of discharge shall be not less than that delared by the manufacturer.
NOTE It is possible that the test procedure is not executable due to maximum power limitations of the PCS. If the
power level is higher than the maximum power limitations of the PCS, the maximum power of the PCS is defined as
the measured maximum output power.
6.3 Determination of maximum receivable input power
6.3.1 General
The maximum receivable input power is affected by the charge time, the state of charge, the
ambient temperature and the auxiliary power needs for the FBES/FBS or TOU operation. Any
maximum admissible input power value determined is hence representative or applicable only
to the specific operation condition of the FBES/FBS or TOU, as mentioned above.
6.3.2 Test procedures
The test for determining the maximum receivable energy input shall be in accordance with the
procedures as follows:
a) The duration of charge t shall be defined before the test. The defined duration of 1/50 rated
c
energy to rated power is recommended. The manufacturer shall, alternatively, declare the
duration time and the maximum input power used.
b) The test unit shall be discharged to a desired state of charge according to the method
declared by the manufacturer.
c) The test unit shall be charged at a constant selected power level until the end-of-charge is
reached. The endurance time of charge shall be recorded. The power level shall be kept
constant to within ±2 %. It shall be noted that the selected charge power level shall not
cause irreversible damage to the unit.
d) If the duration of charge t is higher than the defined duration value t , repeat b) and c) with
c
an increased power level until the determined duration value t of charge is achieved. All
c
the other conditions (such as ambient temperature, end-of-charge) shall be kept constant.
It is recommended to conduct the test from higher power to lower power. For safety reasons
the initial test power should not be higher than the maximum input power declared by the
manufacturer.
e) If the duration of charge t is lower than the calculated duration t , repeat b) and c) with a
c
decreased power level until the calculated duration t of charge is achieved. All the other
c
conditions (such as ambient temperature, end-of-charge) shall be kept constant.
f) The maximum recievable input power level value and the corresponding auxilary power
supplied shall be recorded. The maximum recievable input power value shall be
accompanied with the duration of charge t , the state of charge and ambient temperature.
c
g) To verify a manufacturer-declared maxmum input power value, the declared maximum input
power shall be selected to conduct c). The measured duration time of charge shall be not
less than that delared by the manufacturer.
NOTE It is possible that the test procedure is not executable due to maximum power limitations of the PCS. If the
power level is higher than the maximum power limitations of the PCS, the maximum power of the PCS is defined as
the measured maximum input power.
– 12 – IEC 62932-2-1:2020 © IEC 2020
6.4 Determination of energy efficiency at a constant power level
6.4.1 General
The energy efficiency is affected by the power level and the auxiliary energy consumption during
the charge and discharge for the FBES/FBS or TOU operation. Any energy efficiency
determination is hence representative or applicable only to the FBES/FBS or TOU at the
specified power levels. For more applications related to the energy efficiency determinations,
the tests specified in IEC 61427-2 shall be used.
The FBES/FBS or TOU, as defined in 5.4 and 5.5, shall be in a stable temperature condition
prior to measurements.
The temperature and concentration of electroactive species in the fluid entering the cell or stack
shall be recorded and reported.
6.4.2 Test procedures
The test for determining energy efficiency shall be in accordance with the procedures as follows:
a) The test unit shall be connected to a load circuit which can charge or discharge the unit as
needed. Adequate equipment shall be in place to determine the auxiliary energy of the
auxiliary equipment in the test unit during the charge and discharge, respectively.
b) The test unit shall be discharged with a constant power level until the end-of-discharge is
reached.
c) The test unit shall then be charged with a constant power level until the end-of-charge is
reached. The power level shall be kept constant to within ±2 %.
NOTE 1 The criteria of end-of-charge are determined by the FBES/FBS/TOU, such as the attainment of a specified
charge duration or cut-off voltage or the percentage of retained energy to the rated energy.
d) The test unit shall then be discharged with the same constant power level as during the
charge until the end-of-discharge is reached. The discharge power level shall be kept
constant to within ±2 %.
NOTE 2 The criteria of end-of-discharge are determined by the FBES/FBS/TOU, such as the attainment of a
specified discharge duration or cut-off voltage or the percentage of retained energy to the rated energy.
NOTE 3 The input and output power can be determined as agreed upon by the supplier and user for these specific
parameters.
e) The energy charged to the test unit in c) shall be recorded as E and the energy discharged
c
from the test unit in d) shall be recorded as E . The auxiliary energy consumption in c) and
d
d) shall be recorded.
NOTE 4 The energy can be defined as the integral of the constant power level over the duration in hours or be
determined directly by the energy measuring equipment.
f) The energy efficiency η is defined as the ratio of the energy discharged in d) and the energy
charged in c).
E
d
η ×100 %
E
c
where
η is the energy efficiency of the FBES/FBS/TOU in a charge-discharge cycle;
E is the measured energy discharged from the FBES/FBS/TOU during the discharge
d
(Wh);
E is the measured energy charged to the FBES/FBS/TOU during the charge (Wh).
c
=
g) Any change in the state of charge or state of health of the test unit, change in the use of
different discharge power, ambient/electrolyte temperature or cut-off criteria parameters will
result in different energy efficiency values. For this reason, any energy efficiency statement
has to be accompanied by the declaration of the conditions operative during its
determination.
h) To verify a manufacturer-declared rated energy efficiency value, three consecutive and
identical energy efficiency determinations shall then be carried out. The constant charge
power level in c) and the constant discharge power level in d) shall be the rated power in
principle.
NOTE 5 The input and output power are determined as agreed upon by the supplier and user for these specific
parameters.
i) To show compliance with the rated energy efficiency value declared by the manufacturer,
the experimentally determined average energy efficiency of three consecutive cycles shall
be equal to or greater than the rated value.
6.5 Determination of cycle life
It is recommended that cycle life endurance determination be carried out according to
IEC 61427-2 for the appropriate off-grid or on-grid application scenario.
– 14 – IEC 62932-2-1:2020 © IEC 2020
Annex A
(informative)
Testing of discharge power vs energy or energy efficiency
In order to have better knowledge of the characteristics of the FBES or FBS, information on the
relationship between the discharge power and the energy dischargeable is required.
By carrying out multiple energy and efficiency determination tests with different constant power
levels, as described in 6.1 and 6.4, the curves of energy and energy efficiency against power
levels can be generated.
This data can then be used to determine ultimate or optimal discharge durations or autonomy
times under a wide variety of discharge power levels of identically built and operated FBES or
FBS.
By plotting power vs energy or energy efficiency, the sweet spot of the power level can be
determined at which the maximum amount of energy can be discharged or charged from the
FBES or FBS under consideration.
_____________
– 16 – IEC 62932-2-1:2020 © IEC 2020
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 17
INTRODUCTION . 19
1 Domaine d’application . 20
2 Références normatives . 20
3 Termes, définitions et termes abrégés . 20
3.1 Termes et définitions . 20
3.2 Termes abrégés . 21
4 Exigences générales . 21
5 Conditions d’essai générales . 21
5.1 Exactitude des appareils de mesure . 21
5.1.1 Mesurage de la tension . 21
5.1.2 Mesurage du courant . 21
5.1.3 Mesurage de l’énergie électrique . 21
5.1.4 Mesurage de la température . 22
5.1.5 Mesurage du temps . 22
5.2 Température ambiante . 22
5.3 Point de connexion (POC) et point de mesure (POM) . 22
5.4 Objet en essai . 23
5.5 Choix des objets en essai (TOU) . 24
6 Méthodes d’essai . 24
6.1 Détermination de l’énergie à une puissance constante . 24
6.1.1 Généralités . 24
6.1.2 Procédures d’essai . 24
6.2 Détermination de la puissance de sortie maximale fournie . 25
6.2.1 Généralités . 25
6.2.2 Procédures d’essai . 25
6.3 Détermination de la puissance d’entrée maximale reçue . 26
6.3.1 Généralités . 26
6.3.2 Procédures d’essai . 26
6.4 Détermination du rendement en énergie à un niveau de puissance constante . 27
6.4.1 Généralités . 27
6.4.2 Procédures d’essai . 27
6.5 Détermination de la durée de vie cyclique . 28
Annexe A (informative) Vérification par essai de la puissance de décharge par rapport
à l’énergie ou au rendement en énergie . 29
Figure 1 – Système de production d'énergie à batterie d’accumulateur à circulation
d'électrolyte (FBES) . 19
Figure 2 – Cas d’interconnexion POM/POC a), b), c) . 23
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________
SYSTÈMES DE PRODUCTION D’ÉNERGIE À BATTERIES
D’ACCUMULATEURS À CIRCULATION D’ÉLECTROLYTE
POUR LES APPLICATIONS STATIONNAIRES –
Partie 2-1: Exigences générales de performances et méthodes d’essai
AVANT-PROPOS
1) La Commission Électrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation composée
de l'ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de l’IEC). L’IEC a pour objet de
favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans les domaines de
l'électricité et de l'électronique. À cet effet, l’IEC – entre autres activités – publie des Normes internationales,
des Spécifications techniques, des Rapports techniques, des Spécifications accessibles au public (PAS) et des
Guides (ci-après dénommés "Publication(s) de l’IEC "). Leur élaboration est confiée à des comités d'études, aux
travaux desquels tout Comité national intéressé par le sujet traité peut participer. Les organisations
internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’IEC, participent également aux
travaux. L’IEC collabore étroitement avec l'Organisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO), selon des
conditions fixées par accord entre les deux organisations.
2) Les décisions ou accords officiels de l’IEC concernant les questions techniques représentent, dans la mesure du
possible, un accord international sur les sujets étudiés, étant donné que les Comités nationaux de l’IEC intéressés
sont représentés dans chaque comité d’études.
3) Les Publications de l’IEC se présentent sous la forme de recommandations internationales et sont agréées
comme telles par les Comités nationaux de l’IEC. Tous les efforts raisonnables sont entrepris afin que l’IEC
s'assure de l'exactitude du contenu technique de ses publications; l’IEC ne peut pas être tenue responsable de
l'éventuelle mauvaise utilisation ou interprétation qui en est faite par un quelconque utilisateur final.
4) Dans le but d'encourager l'uniformité internationale, les Comités nationaux de l’IEC s'engagent, dans toute la
mesure possible, à appliquer de façon transparente les Publications de l’IEC dans leurs publications nationales
et régionales. Toutes divergences entre toutes Publications de l’IEC et toutes publications nationales ou
régionales correspondantes doivent être indiquées en termes clairs dans ces dernières.
5) L’IEC elle-même ne fournit aucune attestation de conformité. Des organismes de certification indépendants
fournissent des services d'évaluation de conformité et, dans certains secteurs, accèdent aux marques de
conformité de l’IEC. L’IEC n'est responsable d'aucun des services effectués par les organismes de certification
indépendants.
6) Tous les utilisateurs doivent s'assurer
...
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