IEC 60269-4:2009
(Main)Low-voltage fuses - Part 4: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links for the protection of semiconductor devices
Low-voltage fuses - Part 4: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links for the protection of semiconductor devices
IEC 60269-4:2009 is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60269-1. This Part 4 supplements or modifies the corresonding clauses or subclauses of Part 1. Fuse-links for the protection of semiconductor devices shall comply with aIl requirements of IEC 60269-1, if not otherwise indicated hereinafter, and shall also comply with the supplementary requirements laid down below. This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2006. It constitutes a technical revision. The significant technical changes to the fourth edition are:
- the introduction of voltage source inverter fuse-links, including test requirements;
- coverage of the tests on operating characteristics for a.c. by the breaking capacity tests;
- the updating of examples of standardised fuse-links for the protection of semiconductor devices.
Fusibles basse tension - Partie 4: Exigences supplémentaires concernant les éléments de remplacement utilisés pour la protection des dispositifs à semiconducteurs
La CEI 60269-4:2009 doit être utilisée conjointement avec la quatrième édition de la CEI 60269-1. Cette Partie 4 complète ou modifie les articles ou paragraphes correspondant de la Partie 1. Sauf indication contraire dans le texte qui suit, les éléments de remplacement utilisés pour la protection des dispositifs à semiconducteurs doivent répondre à l'ensemble des exigences énoncées dans la CEI 60269-1 ainsi qu'aux exigences supplémentaires fixées ci-après. Cette cinquième édition annule et remplace la quatrième édition, parue en 2006. Elle constitue une révision technique. Les modifications techniques significatives par rapport à la quatrième édition sont:
- l'introduction des éléments de remplacement pour onduleur à source de tension, y compris les exigences d'essai;
- les essais sur les caractéristiques de fonctionnement en courant alternatif, maintenant couverts par les essais de pouvoir de coupure;
- la mise à jour des exemples d'éléments de remplacement normalisés pour la protection des dispositifs à semiconducteurs.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 60269-4 ®
Edition 5.0 2009-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Low-voltage fuses –
Part 4: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links for the protection of
semiconductor devices
Fusibles basse tension –
Partie 4: Exigences supplémentaires concernant les éléments de remplacement
utilisés pour la protection des dispositifs à semiconducteurs
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IEC 60269-4 ®
Edition 5.0 2009-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Low-voltage fuses –
Part 4: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links for the protection of
semiconductor devices
Fusibles basse tension –
Partie 4: Exigences supplémentaires concernant les éléments de remplacement
utilisés pour la protection des dispositifs à semiconducteurs
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XA
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.120.50 ISBN 978-2-88910-089-7
– 2 – 60269-4 © IEC:2009
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
1 General .6
1.1 Scope and object.6
1.2 Normative references .7
2 Terms and definitions .7
3 Conditions for operation in service.8
4 Classification.9
5 Characteristics of fuses .9
6 Markings .14
7 Standard conditions for construction.14
8 Tests .15
Annex AA (informative) Guidance for the coordination of fuse-links with
semiconductor devices .28
Annex BB (normative) Survey on information to be supplied by the manufacturer in
his literature (catalogue) for a fuse designed for the protection of semiconductor
devices .34
Annex CC (normative) Examples of standardized fuse-links for the protection of
semiconductor devices .35
Bibliography.52
Figure 101 – Conventional overload curve (example) (X and Y are points of verified
overload capability).24
Figure 102 – Example of a conventional test arrangement for bolted fuse-links.25
Figure 103 – Example of a conventional test arrangement for blade contact fuse-links .27
Figure CC.1 – Single body fuse-links .36
Figure CC.2 – Double body fuse-links .37
Figure CC.3 – Twin body fuse-links.38
Figure CC.4 – Striker fuse-links .38
Figure CC.5 – Fuse-links with bolted connections, type B, body sizes 000 and 00 .40
Figure CC.6 – Fuse-links with bolted connections, type B, body sizes 0, 1, 2 and 3 .41
Figure CC.7 – Bolted fuse-links, type C .43
Figure CC.8 – Flush end fuse-links, type A .45
Figure CC.9 – Flush end fuse-links, type B .47
Figure CC.10 – Fuse-links with cylindrical contact caps, type A .48
Figure CC.11 – Fuse-links with cylindrical contact caps, type B .50
Figure CC.12 – Fuse-links with cylindrical contact caps with striker, type B (additional
dimensions for all sizes except 10 × 38).51
60269-4 © IEC:2009 – 3 –
Table 101 – Conventional times and currents for “gR” and “gS” fuse-links .11
Table 102 – List of complete tests.16
Table 103 – Survey of tests on fuse-links of the smallest rated current of a
homogeneous series.16
Table 104 – Values for breaking-capacity tests on a.c. fuses .21
Table 105 – Values for breaking-capacity tests on d.c. fuses .22
Table 106 – Values for breaking-capacity tests on VSI fuse-links.23
Table CC.1 – Conventional time and current for "gR" and "gS" fuse-links.39
Table CC.2 – Conventional time and current for "gR" and "gS" fuse-links.44
Table CC.3 – Preferred rated voltages and rated currents.49
Table CC.4 – Conventional time and current for "gR" and "gS" fuse-links.49
– 4 – 60269-4 © IEC:2009
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LOW-VOLTAGE FUSES –
Part 4: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links
for the protection of semiconductor devices
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
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expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60269-4 has been prepared by subcommittee 32B: Low-voltage
fuses, of IEC technical committee 32: Fuses.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
32B/535/FDIS 32B/541/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2006. It constitutes a
technical revision. The significant technical changes to the fourth edition are:
• the introduction of voltage source inverter fuse-links, including test requirements;
60269-4 © IEC:2009 – 5 –
• coverage of the tests on operating characteristics for a.c. by the breaking capacity tests;
• the updating of examples of standardised fuse-links for the protection of semiconductor
devices.
This part is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60269-1:2006, Low-voltage fuses – Part 1:
General requirements.
This Part 4 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses or subclauses of Part 1.
Where no change is necessary, this Part 4 indicates that the relevant clause or subclause
applies.
Tables and figures which are additional to those in Part 1 are numbered starting from 101.
Additional annexes are lettered AA, BB, etc.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60269 series, under the general title: Low-voltage fuses, can be
found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 6 – 60269-4 © IEC:2009
LOW-VOLTAGE FUSES –
Part 4: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links
for the protection of semiconductor devices
1 General
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
Fuse-links for the protection of semiconductor devices shall comply with aIl requirements of
IEC 60269-1, if not otherwise indicated hereinafter, and shall also comply with the
supplementary requirements laid down below.
1.1 Scope and object
These supplementary requirements apply to fuse-links for application in equipment containing
semiconductor devices for circuits of nominal voltages up to 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. and
also, in so far as they are applicable, for circuits of higher nominal voltages.
NOTE 1 Such fuse-Iinks are commonly referred to as “semiconductor fuse-links”.
NOTE 2 In most cases, a part of the associated equipment serves the purpose of a fuse-base. Owing to the great
variety of equipment, no general rules can be given; the suitability of the associated equipment to serve as a fuse-
base should be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the user. However, if separate fuse-bases or
fuse-holders are used, they should comply with the appropriate requirements of IEC 60269-1.
The object of these supplementary requirements is to establish the characteristics of
semiconductor fuse-links in such a way that they can be replaced by other fuse-links having
the same characteristics, provided that their dimensions are identical. For this purpose, this
standard refers in particular to
a) the following characteristics of fuses:
1) their rated values;
2) their temperature rises in normal service;
3) their power dissipation;
4) their time-current characteristics;
5) their breaking capacity;
6) their cut-off current characteristics and their I t characteristics;
7) their arc voltage characteristics;
b) type tests for verification of the characteristics of fuses;
c) the markings on fuses;
d) availability and presentation of technical data (see Annex B).
60269-4 © IEC:2009 – 7 –
1.2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60269-1:2006, Low-voltage fuses – General requirements
IEC 60269-2:2006, Low-voltage fuses – Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by
authorized persons (fuses mainly for industrial application) – Examples of standardized
systems of fuses A to I
IEC 60269-3:2006, Low-voltage fuses – Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by
unskilled persons (fuses mainly for household and similar applications) – Examples of
standardized systems of fuses A to F
IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment
ISO 3, Preferred numbers – Series of preferred numbers
2 Terms and definitions
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary definitions.
2.2 General terms
2.2.101
semiconductor device
device whose essential characteristics are due to the flow of charge carriers within a
semiconductor
[IEV 521-04-01]
2.2.102
semiconductor fuse-link
current-limiting fuse-link capable of breaking, under specific conditions, any current value
within the breaking range (see 7.4)
2.2.103
signalling device
device forming part of the fuse and signalling the fuse operation to a remote place
NOTE A signalling device consists of a striker and an auxiliary switch. Electronic devices may also be used.
2.2.104
voltage source inverter
VSI
a voltage stiff inverter
[IEV 551-12-11]
NOTE Also referred to as a voltage stiff inverter i.e. an inverter that supplies current without any practical change
in its output voltage.
– 8 – 60269-4 © IEC:2009
2.2.105
voltage source inverter fuse-link
VSI fuse-link
current-limiting fuse-link capable of breaking, under specified conditions, the short circuit
current supplied by the discharge of a d.c.-link capacitor in a voltage source inverter
NOTE 1 The abbreviation “VSI fuse-link” is used in this document.
NOTE 2 A VSI fuse-link usually operates under a short circuit current supplied by the discharge of a d.c.-link
capacitor through a very low inductance, in order to allow high frequency in normal operation. This short circuit
condition leads to a very high rate of rise of current equivalent to a low value of time constant, typically 1 ms to
3 ms. The supply voltage is d.c., even though the applied voltage decreases as the current increases during the
short circuit.
NOTE 3 In some multiple a.c. drive applications, individual output inverters may be remote from the main input
rectifier. In these cases, the associated fault circuit impedances may influence the operation of the fuse-links - the
associated time constant and the size of the capacitors need to be considered when choosing the appropriate short
circuit protection.
3 Conditions for operation in service
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
3.4 Voltage
3.4.1 Rated voltage
For a.c., the rated voltage of a fuse-link is related to the applied voltage; it is based on the
r.m.s. value of a sinusoidal a.c. voltage. It is further assumed that the applied voltage retains
the same value throughout the operation of the fuse-link. All tests to verify the ratings are
based on this assumption.
NOTE In many applications, the applied voltage will be sufficiently close to the sinusoidal form for the significant
part of the operating time, but there are many cases where this condition is not satisfied.
The performance of a fuse-link subjected to a non-sinusoidal applied voltage can be
evaluated by comparing, for the first approximation, the arithmetic mean values of the non-
sinusoidal and sinusoidal applied voltages.
For d.c. and VSI fuse-links, the rated voltage of a fuse-link is related to the applied voltage. It
is based on the mean value. When d.c. is obtained by rectifying a.c., the ripple is assumed
not to cause a variation of more than 5 % above or 9 % below the mean value.
3.4.2 Applied voltage in service
Under service conditions, the applied voltage is that voltage which, in the fault circuit, causes
the current to increase to such proportions that the fuse-link will operate.
For a.c., consequently, the value of the applied voltage in a single-phase a.c. circuit is usually
identical to the power-frequency recovery voltage. For all cases other than the sinusoidal a.c.
voltage, it is necessary to know the applied voltage as a function of time.
For a unidirectional voltage and for VSI fuse-links, the important values are:
– the average value over the entire period of the operation of the fuse-link;
– the instantaneous value near the end of the arcing period.
3.5 Current
The rated current of a semiconductor fuse-link is based on the r.m.s. value of a sinusoidal a.c.
current at rated frequency.
60269-4 © IEC:2009 – 9 –
For d.c., the r.m.s. value of current is assumed not to exceed the r.m.s. value based on a
sinusoidal a.c. current at rated frequency.
NOTE The thermal response time of the fuse-element may be so short that it cannot be assumed that operation
under conditions which deviate much from sinusoidal current can be estimated on the basis of the r.m.s. current
alone. This is so, in particular at lower frequency values and when the current presents salient peaks separated by
appreciable intervals of insignificant current; for example, in the case of frequency converters and traction
applications.
3.6 Frequency, power factor and time constant
3.6.1 Frequency
The rated frequency refers to the frequency of the sinusoidal current and voltage that form the
basis of the type tests.
NOTE In particular, where service frequency deviates significantly from rated frequency the manufacturer should
be consulted.
3.6.3 Time constant (τ)
For d.c., the time constants expected in practice are considered to correspond to those in
Table 105.
NOTE 1 Some service conditions may be found which exceed the specified performance shown in the table as
regards time constant. In such a case, a design of fuse-link which has been tested and marked accordingly should
be used or the suitability of such a fuse-link be subject to agreement between manufacturer and user. In some
service conditions, the time constant is significantly lower than the values stated in the table. In such a case, the
applied voltage can be higher than the rated voltage defined according to Table 105.
For VSI fuse-links, equivalent time constants expected in practice are considered to
correspond to those in Table 106.
NOTE 2 The high rate of rise of short circuit current is due to the low inductance, which is considered to be
equivalent to a low time constant.
3.10 Temperature inside an enclosure
Since the rated values of the fuse-links are based on specified conditions that do not always
correspond to those prevailing at the point of installation, including the local air conditions,
the user may have to consult the manufacturer concerning the possible need for re-rating.
4 Classification
IEC 60269-1 applies.
5 Characteristics of fuses
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
5.1 Summary of characteristics
5.1.2 Fuse-links
a) Rated voltage (see 5.2)
b) Rated current (see 5.3 of IEC 60269-1)
c) Kind of current and frequency (see 5.4 of IEC 60269-1)
d) Rated power dissipation (see 5.5 of IEC 60269-1)
e) Time-current characteristics (see 5.6)
– 10 – 60269-4 © IEC:2009
f) Breaking range (see 5.7.1 of IEC 60269-1)
g) Rated breaking capacity (see 5.7.2 of IEC 60269-1)
h) Cut-off current characteristics (see 5.8.1)
i) I t characteristics (see 5.8.2)
k) Dimensions or size (if applicable)
l) Arc voltage characteristics (see 5.9)
5.2 Rated voltage
For rated a.c. voltages up to 690 V and d.c. voltages up to 750 V, IEC 60269-1 applies; for
higher voltages, the values shall be selected from the R 5 series or, where not possible, from
the R 10 series of ISO 3.
A fuse-link shall have an a.c. voltage rating or a d.c. voltage rating or a VSI voltage rating. It
may have one or more of these voltage ratings.
5.4 Rated frequency
The rated frequency is that frequency to which the performance data are related.
5.5 Rated power dissipation of the fuse-link
In addition to the requirements of IEC 60269-1, the manufacturer shall indicate the power
dissipation as a function of current for the range 50 % to 100 % of the rated current or for
50 %, 63 %, 80 % and 100 % of the rated current.
NOTE In cases where the resistance of the fuse-link is of interest, this resistance should be determined from the
functional relation between the power dissipation and the associated value of current.
5.6 Limits of time-current characteristics
5.6.1 Time-current characteristics, time-current zones
5.6.1.1 General requirements
The time-current characteristics depend on the design of the fuse-link, and, for a given fuse-
link, on the ambient air temperature and the cooling conditions.
The manufacturer shall provide time-current characteristics based on an ambient temperature
of 20 °C to 25 °C in accordance with the conditions specified in 8.3. The time-current
characteristics of interest are the pre-arcing characteristic and operating characteristics.
For a.c., the time-current characteristics are stated at rated frequency and for pre-arcing or
operating times longer than 0,1 s.
For d.c., they are stated for time constants according to Table 105 and for pre-arcing or
operating times longer than 15τ.
For the higher values of prospective current (shorter times), the same information shall be
presented in the form of I t characteristics (see 5.8.2).
5.6.1.2 Pre-arcing time-current characteristics
For a.c., the pre-arcing time-current characteristic shall be based on a symmetrical a.c.
current of a stated value of frequency (rated frequency).
60269-4 © IEC:2009 – 11 –
For d.c., the pre-arcing time-current characteristic is of particular significance for times
exceeding 15τ for the relevant circuit, and is identical to the a.c. pre-arcing time-current
characteristic in this zone.
NOTE 1 Because of the wide range of circuit time constants likely to be experienced in service, the information
for times shorter than 15τ is conveniently expressed as a pre-arcing I t characteristic.
NOTE 2 The value of 15τ has been chosen to avoid the effects which different rates of rise of current have on the
pre-arcing time-current characteristic at shorter times.
5.6.1.3 Operating time-current characteristics
For a.c. with times longer than 0,1 s and for d.c. with times longer than 15τ, the arcing period
is negligible compared to the pre-arcing time. The operating time is then equivalent to the
maximum pre-arcing time.
5.6.2 Conventional times and currents
5.6.2.1 Conventional times and currents for “aR” fuse-links
See 7.4.
5.6.2.2 Conventional times and currents for “gR” and “gS” fuse-links
The conventional times and currents are given in Table 101.
Table 101 – Conventional times and currents for “gR” and “gS” fuse-links
Conventional current
Rated current Conventional time
Type “gR” Type “gS”
A h
I I I I
nf f nf f
a
I ≤ 63
n
63 < I ≤ 160
n
1,1 I 1,6 I 1,25 I 1,6 I
n n n n
160 < I ≤ 400
n
400 < I 4
n
a
In Annex C, some examples specify the requirements for I ≤ 16.
n
5.6.3 Gates
Not applicable.
5.6.4 Overload curves
5.6.4.1 Verified overload capability
The manufacturer shall indicate sets of coordinate points along the time-current
characteristics (see 5.6.1) for which the overload capability has been verified in accordance
with the procedure indicated in 8.4.3.4.
The number and the location of the sets of coordinate points for which the overload capability
shall be verified shall be selected at the discretion of the manufacturer. The time coordinates
for the verification of the overload capability shall be selected within the range of 0,01 s to
60 s. Further sets of the coordinate points may be added according to agreement between
manufacturer and user.
– 12 – 60269-4 © IEC:2009
5.6.4.2 Conventional overload curve
The conventional overload curve is formed of straight-line sections emanating from the co-
ordinate points of verified overload capability. From each set of coordinate points, two lines
are drawn:
– one from the verified point and following points of constant values of current towards
shorter times;
– the other from the verified point and following points of constant values of I t towards
longer times.
These line sections, ending at the line representing rated current, form the conventional
overload curve (see Figure 101).
NOTE For practical applications, a few points of verified overload capability are sufficient. As the number of
points of verified overload capability increases, the conventional overload curve becomes more precise.
5.7 Breaking range and breaking capacity
5.7.1 Breaking range and utilization category
The first letter shall indicate the breaking range:
− “a” fuse-links (partial-range breaking capacity, see 7.4);
− “g” fuse-links (full-range breaking capacity).
The second letter “R” and “S” shall indicate the utilization category for fuse-links complying
with this standard for the protection of semiconductor devices.
The type “R” is faster acting than type “S” and gives lower I t values.
The type “S” has lower power dissipation and gives enhanced utilization of cables compared
to type “R”.
For example:
– aR indicates fuse-links with partial range breaking capacity for the protection of
semiconductor devices;
– gR indicates fuse-links with full-range breaking capacity for general application and
semiconductor protection, optimised to low I t values;
– gS indicates fuse-links with full range breaking capacity for general application and
semiconductor protection, optimised to low power dissipation.
Some aR fuse-links are used to protect voltage source inverters. Even though they are
common aR fuses on a.c., they must be tested differently under VSI d.c. short-circuit
conditions. For these reasons, their designation is still “aR” but their d.c. characteristics must
be clearly stated “for VSI protection” in the manufacturer’s data sheets.
5.7.2 Rated breaking capacity
A breaking capacity of at least 50 kA for a.c. and 8 kA for d.c. is recommended.
For a.c., the rated breaking capacity is based on type tests performed in a circuit containing
only linear impedance and with a constant sinusoidal applied voltage of rated frequency.
For d.c., the rated breaking capacity is based on type tests performed in a circuit containing
only linear inductance and resistance with mean applied voltage.
60269-4 © IEC:2009 – 13 –
NOTE The addition in practical applications of non-linear impedances and unidirectional voltage components may
significantly influence the breaking severity either in a favourable or unfavourable direction.
5.8 Cut-off current and I t characteristics
5.8.1 Cut-off current characteristics
The manufacturer shall provide the cut-off current characteristics which shall be given,
according to the example shown in Figure 4 of IEC 60269-1, in a double logarithmic
presentation with the prospective current as abscissa and, if necessary, with applied voltage
and/or frequency as a parameter.
For a.c., the cut-off current characteristics shall represent the highest values of current likely
to be experienced in service. They shall refer to the conditions corresponding to the test
conditions of this standard, for example, given voltage, frequency and power-factor values.
The cut-off current characteristics may be defined by the tests specified in 8.6.
For d.c., the cut-off current characteristics shall represent the highest values of current likely
to be experienced in service in circuits having a time constant specified in Table 105 for aR,
gS and gR fuse-links, or in Table 106 for aR fuse-links in VSI applications. For aR, gS and gR
fuse-links, these values will be exceeded in circuits of smaller time constants than those of
Table 105. The manufacturer shall provide the relevant information to enable the
determination of these higher cut-off current characteristics.
NOTE The cut-off current characteristic varies with the circuit time constant. The manufacturer should provide the
relevant information to enable these variations to be determined at least for time constants of 5 ms and 10 ms.
5.8.2 I t characteristics
5.8.2.1 Pre-arcing I t characteristic
For a.c., the pre-arcing I t characteristic shall be based on a symmetrical a.c. current at a
stated frequency value (rated frequency).
t characteristic shall be based on r.m.s. d.c. current at a time
For d.c., the pre-arcing I
constant specified in the Table 105 for aR, gS and gR fuse-links or in Table 106 for aR fuse-
links in VSI applications.
NOTE For certain aR and gR and gS fuse-links, the pre-arcing I t characteristic varies with the circuit time
constant. The manufacturer should provide the relevant information to enable these variations to be determined at
least for time constants of 5 ms and 10 ms.
5.8.2.2 Operating I t characteristics
For a.c., the operating I t characteristics shall be given with applied voltage as a parameter
and for a stated power-factor value. In principle, they shall be based on the moment of current
initiation that leads to the highest operating I t value (see 8.7). The voltage parameters shall
include at least 100 %, 50 % and 25 % of rated voltage.
For d.c., the operating I t characteristics shall be given with the applied voltage as a
parameter and for a time constant specified in the Table 105 for aR, gS and gR fuse-links, or
Table 106 for aR fuse-links in VSI applications. The voltage parameters shall include at least
100 % and 50 % of rated voltage. It is permitted to determine the operating I t characteristics
at lower voltages from tests in accordance with Table 105 or Table 106 according to their d.c.
application or VSI application.
5.9 Arc voltage characteristics
Arc voltage characteristics provided by the manufacturer shall give the highest (peak) value of
arc voltage as a function of the applied voltage of the circuit in which the fuse-link is inserted
– 14 – 60269-4 © IEC:2009
and, in the case of a.c., for power factors as stated in Table 104 and, in the case of d.c. at
time constants specified in Table 105 or in Table 106 according to their d.c. application or VSI
application.
6 Markings
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
6.2 Markings on fuse-links
Subclause 6.2 of IEC 60269-1 applies with the following addition:
– manufacturer's identification reference and/or symbols enabling all the characteristics
listed in 5.1.2 of IEC 60269-1 to be found;
– utilization category, “aR” or “gR” or “gS”;
– a combination of symbols of IEC 60417 of a fuse (5016) and a rectifier (5186) as shown
below:
Symbol IEC 60417-5016 (2002-10) Symbol IEC 60417-5186 (2002-10)
7 Standard conditions for construction
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
7.3 Temperature rise and power dissipation of the fuse-link
Fuse-links shall be so designed and proportioned as to carry, when tested in accordance with
8.3, the rated current without exceeding
– the temperature rise limit of the hottest upper metal part of the fuse-link indicated by the
manufacturer (see Figures 102 and 103);
– the power dissipation at the rated current indicated by the manufacturer.
7.4 Operation
The fuse-link shall be so designed and proportioned as to carry continuously any value of
current up to its rated current (see 8.4.3.4).
“aR” fuse-links shall operate and break the circuit for any current value not exceeding the
rated breaking capacity and not less than a current sufficient to interrupt the fuse-link
specified by the manufacturer.
For “gR” and “gS” fuse-links within the conventional time:
60269-4 © IEC:2009 – 15 –
− its fuse-element does not operate, when it carries any current not exceeding the
conventional non-fusing current (I );
nf
− it operates when it carries any current equal to, or exceeding, the conventional fusing
) and equal to or lower than the rated breaking capacity.
current (I
f
7.5 Breaking capacity
A fuse-link shall be capable of breaking, at a voltage not exceeding the voltage specified in
8.5, any circuit having a prospective current between a current according to 7.4 and the rated
breaking capacity:
– for a.c. at power factors not lower than those in Table 104 appropriate to the value of the
prospective current;
– for d.c., at time constants not greater than the values specified in Table 105;
– for VSI applications, the fuse-link shall be capable of breaking a current specified in 8.5 at
time constants not greater than the value specified in Table 106.
7.7 I t characteristics
The values of operating I t determined as described in 8.7 shall not exceed those stated by
the manufacturer. The values of pre-arcing I t determined as described in 8.7 shall be not
less than the values stated (see 5.8.2.1 and 5.8.2.2).
7.15 Arc voltage characteristics
The arc voltage values measured as described in 8.7.5 shall not exceed those stated by the
manufacturer (see 5.9).
7.16 Special operating conditions
Special operating conditions, such as high value of acceleration, shall be subject to
agreement between manufacturer and user.
8 Tests
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
8.1 General
8.1.4 Arrangement of the fuse-link
The fuse-link shall be mounted open in surroundings free from draughts and, unless otherwise
specified, in a vertical position (see 8.3.1). Examples of test arrangements are given in
Figures 102 and 103. Test arrangements for other kinds of fuse-links are given in IEC 60269-2
and IEC 60269-3.
8.1.5 Testing of fuse-links
8.1.5.1 Complete tests
The complete tests on fuse-links are listed in Table 102. The internal resistance of all fuse-
links shall be determined and recorded in the test report(s).
A fuse-link shall have an a.c. breaking capacity or a d.c. breaking capacity or a VSI breaking
capacity. It may have one or more of these breaking capacities.
– 16 – 60269-4 © IEC:2009
Table 102 – List of complete tests
Number of
Test according to subclause fuse-links to
be tested
8.3 Temperature rise and power dissipation 1
8.4.3.1 a) Conventional non-fusing current 1
8.4.3.1 b) Conventional fusing current 1
8.4.3.2 Verification of rated current 1
8.4.3.5 Conventional cable overload test (for “gR” and “gS” fuse-links only) 1
For a.c.:
8.5 No 5 “gR” and “gS” breaking capacity and operating characteristics 1
No. 2a “aR” breaking capacity and operating characteristics 1
a
No. 2 Breaking capacity and operating characteristics 3
a
No. 1 Breaking capacity and operating characteristics
b
8.4.3.4 1
Verification of overload capability
For d.c.:
8.5 No. 13 “gR” and “gS” breaking capacity and operating characteristics 1
No.12a “aR” breaking capacity and operating characteristics 1
No.12 Breaking capacity and operating characteristics 3
No.11 Breaking capacity and operating characteristics 3
For VSI fuse-links:
8.5 No. 21 Breaking capacity and operating characteristics 3
a
Valid for pre-arcing I t characteristics, if ambient air temperature is 20 °C ± 5 °C.
b
The number of points at which the overload capability is verified should be at the manufacturer’s discretion.
8.1.5.2 Testing of fuse-links of a homogeneous series
Fuse-links having intermediate values of rated current of a homogeneous series are exempted
from type tests if the fuse-link of the largest rated current has been tested to the requirements
of 8.1.5.1 and if the fuse-link of the smallest rated current has been submitted to the tests
indicated in Table 103.
Table 103 – Survey of tests on fuse-links of the smallest rated current
of a homogeneous series
Number of fuse-links
Test according to subclause
to be tested
8.3 Temperature rise and power dissipation 1
8.3 Verification of temperature rise limits and power dissipation
8.3.1 Arrangement of the fuse-link
Only one fuse-link shall be used for the test. The fuse-link shall be mounted vertically in the
conventional test arrangement. Examples are given in Figures 102 and 103.
The current density of the copper conductors forming part of the conventional test
2 2
arrangement shall be not less than 1 A/mm and not more than 1,6 A/mm , these values being
based on the rated current of the fuse-link. The ratio of width to thickness of these conductors
shall not exceed
60269-4 © IEC:2009 – 17 –
– 10 for current ratings less than 200 A;
– 5 for current ratings 200 A and above.
The ambient air temperature during this test shall be between 10 °C and 30 °C.
When conducting the temperature-rise tests, the cross-sectional areas of the conductors
connecting the conventional test arrangement to the supply are important. The cross-sectional
area shall be selected in accordance with Table 17 of IEC 60269-1, excluding the note, and
the conductors on either side of the fuse-link shall be at least 1 m long.
For fuse-links intended to be used in separate fuse-bases, the test may be performed in these
fuse-bases with conductors according to Table 17 of IEC 60269-1; in other cases, the test
shall be performed in the manner described in these requirements.
For special fuse-link
...
IEC 60269-4 ®
Edition 5.2 2016-08
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Low-voltage fuses –
Part 4: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links for the protection of
semiconductor devices
Fusibles basse tension –
Partie 4: Exigences supplémentaires concernant les éléments de remplacement
utilisés pour la protection des dispositifs à semiconducteurs
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IEC 60269-4 ®
Edition 5.2 2016-08
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Low-voltage fuses –
Part 4: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links for the protection of
semiconductor devices
Fusibles basse tension –
Partie 4: Exigences supplémentaires concernant les éléments de remplacement
utilisés pour la protection des dispositifs à semiconducteurs
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.120.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-3583-6
colour
inside
IEC 60269-4 ®
Edition 5.2 2016-08
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Low-voltage fuses –
Part 4: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links for the protection of
semiconductor devices
Fusibles basse tension –
Partie 4: Exigences supplémentaires concernant les éléments de remplacement
utilisés pour la protection des dispositifs à semiconducteurs
– 2 – IEC 60269-4:2009+AMD1:2012
+AMD2:2016 CSV IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD. 4
1 General . 6
1.1 Scope and object . 6
1.2 Normative references . 7
2 Terms and definitions . 7
3 Conditions for operation in service . 8
4 Classification . 9
5 Characteristics of fuses . 9
6 Markings . 14
7 Standard conditions for construction . 14
8 Tests . 15
Annex AA (informative) Guidance for the coordination of fuse-links with semiconductor
devices . 28
Annex BB (normative) Survey on information to be supplied by the manufacturer in his
literature (catalogue) for a fuse designed for the protection of semiconductor devices . 34
Annex CC (normative) Examples of standardized fuse-links for the protection of
semiconductor devices . 35
Bibliography . 53
Figure 101 – Conventional overload curve (example) (X and Y are points of verified
overload capability) . 24
Figure 102 – Example of a conventional test arrangement for bolted fuse-links . 25
Figure 103 – Example of a conventional test arrangement for blade contact fuse-links . 27
Figure CC.1 – Single body fuse-links . 36
Figure CC.2 – Double body fuse-links . 37
Figure CC.3 – Twin body fuse-links . 38
Figure CC.4 – Striker fuse-links . 38
Table CC.1 – Conventional time and current for "gR" and "gS" fuse-links . 39
Figure CC.5 – Fuse-links with bolted connections, type B, body sizes 000 and 00 . 40
Figure CC.6 – Fuse-links with bolted connections, type B, body sizes 0, 1, 2 and 3 . 41
Figure CC.7 – Bolted fuse-links, type C . 43
Figure CC.8 – Flush end fuse-links, type A . 45
Figure CC.9 – Flush end fuse-links, type B . 47
Figure CC.10 – Fuse-links with cylindrical contact caps, type A . 48
Figure CC.11 – Fuse-links with cylindrical contact caps, type B . 51
Figure CC.12 – Fuse-links with cylindrical contact caps with striker, type B (additional
dimensions for all sizes except 10 × 38) . 52
Table 101 – Conventional times and currents for “gR” and “gS” fuse-links . 11
Table 102 – List of complete tests . 16
Table 103 – Survey of tests on fuse-links of the smallest rated current of a
homogeneous series . 16
Table 104 – Values for breaking-capacity tests on a.c. fuses . 21
+AMD2:2016 CSV IEC 2016
Table 105 – Values for breaking-capacity tests on d.c. fuses . 22
Table 106 – Values for breaking-capacity tests on VSI fuse-links . 23
Table 107 – Cross-sectional area of copper conductors for high current ratings tests . 17
Table CC.2 – Conventional time and current for "gR" and "gS" fuse-links . 44
Table CC.3 – Preferred Typical rated voltages and preferred maximum rated currents . 49
Table CC.4 – Conventional time and current for "gR" and "gS" fuse-links . 49
– 4 – IEC 60269-4:2009+AMD1:2012
+AMD2:2016 CSV IEC 2016
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LOW-VOLTAGE FUSES –
Part 4: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links
for the protection of semiconductor devices
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
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between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and its amendments has been prepared
for user convenience.
IEC 60269-4 edition 5.2 contains the fifth edition (2009-05) [documents 32B/535/FDIS and
32B/541/RVD], its amendment 1 (2012-05) [documents 32B/579/CDV and 32B/586A/RVC] and its
amendment 2 (2016-08) [documents 32B/651/FDIS and 32B/663/RVD].
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content is
modified by amendments 1 and 2. Additions are in green text, deletions are in
strikethrough red text. A separate Final version with all changes accepted is available in this
publication.
+AMD2:2016 CSV IEC 2016
International Standard IEC 60269-4 has been prepared by subcommittee 32B: Low-voltage
fuses, of IEC technical committee 32: Fuses.
This fifth edition constitutes a technical revision. The significant technical changes to the
fourth edition are:
• the introduction of voltage source inverter fuse-links, including test requirements;
• coverage of the tests on operating characteristics for a.c. by the breaking capacity tests;
• the updating of examples of standardised fuse-links for the protection of semiconductor
devices.
This part is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60269-1:2006, Low-voltage fuses – Part 1:
General requirements.
This Part 4 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses or subclauses of Part 1.
Where no change is necessary, this Part 4 indicates that the relevant clause or subclause
applies.
Tables and figures which are additional to those in Part 1 are numbered starting from 101.
Additional annexes are lettered AA, BB, etc.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60269 series, under the general title: Low-voltage fuses, can be
found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 6 – IEC 60269-4:2009+AMD1:2012
+AMD2:2016 CSV IEC 2016
LOW-VOLTAGE FUSES –
Part 4: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links
for the protection of semiconductor devices
1 General
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
Fuse-links for the protection of semiconductor devices shall comply with aIl requirements of
IEC 60269-1, if not otherwise indicated hereinafter, and shall also comply with the
supplementary requirements laid down below.
1.1 Scope and object
These supplementary requirements apply to fuse-links for application in equipment containing
semiconductor devices for circuits of nominal voltages up to 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. and
also, in so far as they are applicable, for circuits of higher nominal voltages.
NOTE 1 Such fuse-Iinks are commonly referred to as “semiconductor fuse-links”.
NOTE 2 In most cases, a part of the associated equipment serves the purpose of a fuse-base. Owing to the great
variety of equipment, no general rules can be given; the suitability of the associated equipment to serve as a fuse-
base should be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the user. However, if separate fuse-bases or
fuse-holders are used, they should comply with the appropriate requirements of IEC 60269-1.
NOTE 3 IEC 60269-6 (Low-voltage fuses – Part 6: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links for the protection of
solar photovoltaic energy systems) is dedicated to the protection of solar photovoltaic energy systems.
NOTE 4 These fuse-links are intended for use on systems employing the standardized voltages and tolerances of
IEC 60038. Tests carried out on fuse-links in accordance with previous editions of this standard shall remain valid
until such time as complimentary equipment has evolved to the standardized voltages and tolerances of IEC 60038.
The object of these supplementary requirements is to establish the characteristics of
semiconductor fuse-links in such a way that they can be replaced by other fuse-links having
the same characteristics, provided that their dimensions are identical. For this purpose, this
standard refers in particular to
a) the following characteristics of fuses:
1) their rated values;
2) their temperature rises in normal service;
3) their power dissipation;
4) their time-current characteristics;
5) their breaking capacity;
6) their cut-off current characteristics and their I t characteristics;
7) their arc voltage characteristics;
b) type tests for verification of the characteristics of fuses;
c) the markings on fuses;
d) availability and presentation of technical data (see Annex BB).
+AMD2:2016 CSV IEC 2016
1.2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60269-1:2006, Low-voltage fuses – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60269-2:2006, Low-voltage fuses – Part 2: Supplementary requirements for fuses for use
by authorized persons (fuses mainly for industrial application) – Examples of standardized
systems of fuses A to I K
IEC 60269-3:2006, Low-voltage fuses – Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by
unskilled persons (fuses mainly for household and similar applications) – Examples of
standardized systems of fuses A to F
IEC TR 60269-5, Low-voltage fuses – Part 5: Guidance for the application of low-voltage
fuses
IEC 60269-6, Low-voltage fuses – Part 6: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links for the
protection of solar photovoltaic energy systems
IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment
IEC 60664-1:2000, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests
ISO 3, Preferred numbers – Series of preferred numbers
2 Terms and definitions
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary definitions.
2.2 General terms
2.2.101
semiconductor device
device whose essential characteristics are due to the flow of charge carriers within a
semiconductor
[IEV 521-04-01]
2.2.102
semiconductor fuse-link
current-limiting fuse-link capable of breaking, under specific conditions, any current value
within the breaking range (see 7.4)
2.2.103
signalling device
device forming part of the fuse and signalling the fuse operation to a remote place
NOTE A signalling device consists of a striker and an auxiliary switch. Electronic devices may also be used.
2.2.104
voltage source inverter
VSI
a voltage stiff inverter
– 8 – IEC 60269-4:2009+AMD1:2012
+AMD2:2016 CSV IEC 2016
[IEV 551-12-11]
NOTE Also referred to as a voltage stiff inverter i.e. an inverter that supplies current without any practical change
in its output voltage.
2.2.105
voltage source inverter fuse-link
VSI fuse-link
current-limiting fuse-link capable of breaking, under specified conditions, the short circuit
current supplied by the discharge of a d.c.-link capacitor in a voltage source inverter
NOTE 1 The abbreviation “VSI fuse-link” is used in this document.
NOTE 2 A VSI fuse-link usually operates under a short circuit current supplied by the discharge of a d.c.-link
capacitor through a very low inductance, in order to allow high frequency in normal operation. This short circuit
condition leads to a very high rate of rise of current equivalent to a very low value of time constant, typically 1 ms
to 3 ms or less. The supply voltage is d.c., even though the applied voltage decreases as the current increases
during the short circuit.
NOTE 3 In some multiple a.c. drive applications, individual output inverters may be remote from the main input
rectifier. In these cases, the associated fault circuit impedances may influence the operation of the fuse-links - the
associated time constant and the size of the capacitors need to be considered when choosing the appropriate short
circuit protection.
3 Conditions for operation in service
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
3.4 Voltage
3.4.1 Rated voltage
For a.c., the rated voltage of a fuse-link is related to the applied voltage; it is based on the
r.m.s. value of a sinusoidal a.c. voltage. It is further assumed that the applied voltage retains
the same value throughout the operation of the fuse-link. All tests to verify the ratings are
based on this assumption.
NOTE In many applications, the applied voltage will be sufficiently close to the sinusoidal form for the significant
part of the operating time, but there are many cases where this condition is not satisfied.
The performance of a fuse-link subjected to a non-sinusoidal applied voltage can be
evaluated by comparing, for the first approximation, the arithmetic mean values of the non-
sinusoidal and sinusoidal applied voltages.
For d.c. and VSI fuse-links, the rated voltage of a fuse-link is related to the applied voltage. It
is based on the mean value. When d.c. is obtained by rectifying a.c., the ripple is assumed
not to cause a variation of more than 5 % above or 9 % below the mean value.
3.4.2 Applied voltage in service
Under service conditions, the applied voltage is that voltage which, in the fault circuit, causes
the current to increase to such proportions that the fuse-link will operate.
For a.c., consequently, the value of the applied voltage in a single-phase a.c. circuit is usually
identical to the power-frequency recovery voltage. For all cases other than the sinusoidal a.c.
voltage, it is necessary to know the applied voltage as a function of time.
For a unidirectional voltage and for VSI fuse-links, the important values are:
– the average value over the entire period of the operation of the fuse-link;
– the instantaneous value near the end of the arcing period.
+AMD2:2016 CSV IEC 2016
3.5 Current
The rated current of a semiconductor fuse-link is based on the r.m.s. value of a sinusoidal a.c.
current at rated frequency.
For d.c., the r.m.s. value of current is assumed not to exceed the r.m.s. value based on a
sinusoidal a.c. current at rated frequency.
NOTE The thermal response time of the fuse-element may be so short that it cannot be assumed that operation
under conditions which deviate much from sinusoidal current can be estimated on the basis of the r.m.s. current
alone. This is so, in particular at lower frequency values and when the current presents salient peaks separated by
appreciable intervals of insignificant current; for example, in the case of frequency converters and traction
applications.
3.6 Frequency, power factor and time constant
3.6.1 Frequency
The rated frequency refers to the frequency of the sinusoidal current and voltage that form the
basis of the type tests.
NOTE In particular, where service frequency deviates significantly from rated frequency the manufacturer should
be consulted.
3.6.3 Time constant (τ)
For d.c., the time constants expected in practice are considered to correspond to those in
Table 105.
NOTE 1 Some service conditions may be found which exceed the specified performance shown in the table as
regards time constant. In such a case, a design of fuse-link which has been tested and marked accordingly should
be used or the suitability of such a fuse-link be subject to agreement between manufacturer and user. In some
service conditions, the time constant is significantly lower than the values stated in the table. In such a case, the
applied voltage can be higher than the rated voltage defined according to Table 105.
For VSI fuse-links, equivalent time constants expected in practice are considered to
correspond to those in Table 106.
NOTE 2 The high rate of rise of short circuit current is due to the low inductance, which is considered to be
equivalent to a low time constant.
NOTE 3 Instead of time constant di/dt can be used in case of short circuit condition
di/dt = E/L.
E= voltage value of the DC power source,
L = total inductance of the capacitor discharge circuit.
3.10 Temperature inside an enclosure
Since the rated values of the fuse-links are based on specified conditions that do not always
correspond to those prevailing at the point of installation, including the local air conditions,
the user may have to consult the manufacturer concerning the possible need for re-rating.
4 Classification
IEC 60269-1 applies.
5 Characteristics of fuses
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
– 10 – IEC 60269-4:2009+AMD1:2012
+AMD2:2016 CSV IEC 2016
5.1 Summary of characteristics
5.1.2 Fuse-links
a) Rated voltage (see 5.2)
b) Rated current (see 5.3 of IEC 60269-1)
c) Kind of current and frequency (see 5.4 of IEC 60269-1)
d) Rated power dissipation (see 5.5 of IEC 60269-1)
e) Time-current characteristics (see 5.6)
f) Breaking range (see 5.7.1 of IEC 60269-1)
g) Rated breaking capacity (see 5.7.2 of IEC 60269-1)
h) Cut-off current characteristics (see 5.8.1)
i) I t characteristics (see 5.8.2)
k j) Dimensions or size (if applicable)
l k) Arc voltage characteristics (see 5.9)
5.2 Rated voltage
For rated a.c. voltages up to 690 V and d.c. voltages up to 750 V, IEC 60269-1 applies; for
higher voltages, the values shall be selected from the R 5 series or, where not possible, from
the R 10 series of ISO 3.
A fuse-link shall have an a.c. voltage rating or a d.c. voltage rating or a VSI voltage rating. It
may have one or more of these voltage ratings.
5.4 Rated frequency
The rated frequency is that frequency to which the performance data are related.
5.5 Rated power dissipation of the fuse-link
In addition to the requirements of IEC 60269-1, the manufacturer shall indicate the power
dissipation as a function of current for the range 50 % to 100 % of the rated current or for
50 %, 63 %, 80 % and 100 % of the rated current.
NOTE In cases where the resistance of the fuse-link is of interest, this resistance should be determined from the
functional relation between the power dissipation and the associated value of current.
5.6 Limits of time-current characteristics
5.6.1 Time-current characteristics, time-current zones
5.6.1.1 General requirements
The time-current characteristics depend on the design of the fuse-link, and, for a given fuse-
link, on the ambient air temperature and the cooling conditions.
The manufacturer shall provide time-current characteristics based on an ambient temperature
of 20 °C to 25 °C in accordance with the conditions specified in 8.3. The time-current
characteristics of interest are the pre-arcing characteristic and operating characteristics.
For a.c., the time-current characteristics are stated at rated frequency and for pre-arcing or
operating times longer than 0,1 s.
For d.c., they are stated for time constants according to Table 105 and for pre-arcing or
operating times longer than 15τ.
+AMD2:2016 CSV IEC 2016
For the higher values of prospective current (shorter times), the same information shall be
presented in the form of I t characteristics (see 5.8.2).
5.6.1.2 Pre-arcing time-current characteristics
For a.c., the pre-arcing time-current characteristic shall be based on a symmetrical a.c.
current of a stated value of frequency (rated frequency).
For d.c., the pre-arcing time-current characteristic is of particular significance for times
exceeding 15τ for the relevant circuit, and is identical to the a.c. pre-arcing time-current
characteristic in this zone.
NOTE 1 Because of the wide range of circuit time constants likely to be experienced in service, the information
for times shorter than 15τ is conveniently expressed as a pre-arcing I t characteristic.
NOTE 2 The value of 15τ has been chosen to avoid the effects which different rates of rise of current have on the
pre-arcing time-current characteristic at shorter times.
5.6.1.3 Operating time-current characteristics
For a.c. with times longer than 0,1 s and for d.c. with times longer than 15τ, the arcing period
is negligible compared to the pre-arcing time. The operating time is then equivalent to the
maximum pre-arcing time.
5.6.2 Conventional times and currents
5.6.2.1 Conventional times and currents for “aR” fuse-links
See 7.4.
5.6.2.2 Conventional times and currents for “gR” and “gS” fuse-links
The conventional times and currents are given in Table 101.
Table 101 – Conventional times and currents for “gR” and “gS” fuse-links
Conventional current
Rated current Conventional time
Type “gR” Type “gS”
A h
I I I I
nf f nf f
a
1 1,6 I
I ≤ 63 n
n
63 < I ≤ 160 2
n
1,1 I 1,6 I 1,25 I
n n n
160 < I ≤ 400 3
n
400 < I
n
a
In Annex CC, some examples specify the requirements for I ≤ 16.
n
NOTE For explanation of gR and gS see 5.7.1.
5.6.3 Gates
Not applicable.
5.6.4 Overload curves
5.6.4.1 Verified overload capability
The manufacturer shall indicate sets of coordinate points along the time-current
characteristics (see 5.6.1) for which the overload capability has been verified in accordance
with the procedure indicated in 8.4.3.4.
– 12 – IEC 60269-4:2009+AMD1:2012
+AMD2:2016 CSV IEC 2016
The number and the location of the sets of coordinate points for which the overload capability
shall be verified shall be selected at the discretion of the manufacturer. The time coordinates
for the verification of the overload capability shall be selected within the range of 0,01 s to
60 s. Further sets of the coordinate points may be added according to agreement between
manufacturer and user.
5.6.4.2 Conventional overload curve
The conventional overload curve is formed of straight-line sections emanating from the co-
ordinate points of verified overload capability. From each set of coordinate points, two lines
are drawn:
– one from the verified point and following points of constant values of current towards
shorter times;
– the other from the verified point and following points of constant values of I t towards
longer times.
These line sections, ending at the line representing rated current, form the conventional
overload curve (see Figure 101).
NOTE For practical applications, a few points of verified overload capability are sufficient. As the number of
points of verified overload capability increases, the conventional overload curve becomes more precise.
5.7 Breaking range and breaking capacity
5.7.1 Breaking range and utilization category
The first letter shall indicate the breaking range:
− “a” fuse-links (partial-range breaking capacity, see 7.4);
− “g” fuse-links (full-range breaking capacity).
The second letter “R” and “S” shall indicate the utilization category for fuse-links complying
with this standard for the protection of semiconductor devices.
The type “R” is faster acting than type “S” and gives lower I t values.
The type “S” has lower power dissipation and gives enhanced utilization of cables compared
to type “R”.
For example:
– aR indicates fuse-links with partial range breaking capacity for the protection of
semiconductor devices;
– gR indicates fuse-links with full-range breaking capacity for general application and
semiconductor protection, optimised to low I t values;
– gS indicates fuse-links with full range breaking capacity for general application and
semiconductor protection, optimised to low power dissipation.
Some aR fuse-links are used to protect voltage source inverters. Even though they are
common aR fuses on a.c., they must be tested differently under VSI d.c. short-circuit
conditions. For these reasons, their designation is still “aR” but their d.c. characteristics must
be clearly stated “for VSI protection” in the manufacturer’s data sheets.
5.7.2 Rated breaking capacity
A breaking capacity of at least 50 kA for a.c. and 8 kA for d.c. is recommended.
For a.c., the rated breaking capacity is based on type tests performed in a circuit containing
only linear impedance and with a constant sinusoidal applied voltage of rated frequency.
+AMD2:2016 CSV IEC 2016
For d.c., the rated breaking capacity is based on type tests performed in a circuit containing
only linear inductance and resistance with mean applied voltage.
For VSI the rated breaking capacity is based on type tests performed in a circuit containing
very low inductance and resistance with d.c. or capacitor discharged applied voltage.
NOTE The addition in practical applications of non-linear impedances and unidirectional voltage components may
significantly influence the breaking severity either in a favourable or unfavourable direction.
5.8 Cut-off current and I t characteristics
5.8.1 Cut-off current characteristics
The manufacturer shall provide the cut-off current characteristics which shall be given,
according to the example shown in Figure 4 of IEC 60269-1, in a double logarithmic
presentation with the prospective current as abscissa and, if necessary, with applied voltage
and/or frequency as a parameter.
For a.c., the cut-off current characteristics shall represent the highest values of current likely
to be experienced in service. They shall refer to the conditions corresponding to the test
conditions of this standard, for example, given voltage, frequency and power-factor values.
The cut-off current characteristics may be defined by the tests specified in 8.6.
For d.c., the cut-off current characteristics shall represent the highest values of current likely
to be experienced in service in circuits having a time constant specified in Table 105 for aR,
gS and gR fuse-links, or in Table 106 for aR fuse-links in VSI applications. For aR, gS and gR
fuse-links, these values will be exceeded in circuits of smaller time constants than those of
Table 105. The manufacturer shall provide the relevant information to enable the
determination of these higher cut-off current characteristics.
NOTE The cut-off current characteristic varies with the circuit time constant. The manufacturer should provide the
relevant information to enable these variations to be determined at least for time constants of 5 ms and 10 ms.
5.8.2 I t characteristics
5.8.2.1 Pre-arcing I t characteristic
For a.c., the pre-arcing I t characteristic shall be based on a symmetrical a.c. current at a
stated frequency value (rated frequency).
For d.c., the pre-arcing I t characteristic shall be based on r.m.s. d.c. current at a time
constant specified in the Table 105 for aR, gS and gR fuse-links or in Table 106 for aR fuse-
links in VSI applications.
NOTE For certain aR and gR and gS fuse-links, the pre-arcing I t characteristic varies with the circuit time
constant. The manufacturer should provide the relevant information to enable these variations to be determined at
least for time constants of 5 ms and 10 ms.
5.8.2.2 Operating I t characteristics
For a.c., the operating I t characteristics shall be given with applied voltage as a parameter
and for a stated power-factor value. In principle, they shall be based on the moment of current
initiation that leads to the highest operating I t value (see 8.7). The voltage parameters shall
include at least 100 %, 50 % and 25 % of rated voltage.
For d.c., the operating I t characteristics shall be given with the applied voltage as a
parameter and for a time constant specified in the Table 105 for aR, gS and gR fuse-links, or
Table 106 for aR fuse-links in VSI applications. The voltage parameters shall include at least
100 % and 50 % of rated voltage. It is permitted to determine the operating I t characteristics
– 14 – IEC 60269-4:2009+AMD1:2012
+AMD2:2016 CSV IEC 2016
at lower voltages from tests in accordance with Table 105 or Table 106 according to their d.c.
application or VSI application.
5.9 Arc voltage characteristics
Arc voltage characteristics provided by the manufacturer shall give the highest (peak) value of
arc voltage as a function of the applied voltage of the circuit in which the fuse-link is inserted
and, in the case of a.c., for power factors as stated in Table 104 and, in the case of d.c. at
time constants specified in Table 105 or in Table 106 according to their d.c. application or VSI
application.
6 Markings
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
6.2 Markings on fuse-links
Subclause 6.2 of IEC 60269-1 applies with the following addition:
– manufacturer's identification reference and/or symbols enabling all the characteristics
listed in 5.1.2 of IEC 60269-1 to be found;
– utilization category, “aR” or “gR” or “gS”;
– a combination of symbols of IEC 60417 of a fuse (5016) and a rectifier (5186) as shown
below:
Symbol IEC 60417-5016 (2002-10) Symbol IEC 60417-5186 (2002-10)
7 Standard conditions for construction
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
7.3 Temperature rise and power dissipation of the fuse-link
Fuse-links shall be so designed and proportioned as to carry, when tested in accordance with
8.3, the rated current without exceeding
– the temperature rise limit of the hottest upper metal part of the fuse-link indicated by the
manufacturer (see Figures 102 and 103);
– the power dissipation at the rated current indicated by the manufacturer.
7.4 Operation
The fuse-link shall be so designed and proportioned as to carry continuously any value of
current up to its rated current (see 8.4.3.4).
+AMD2:2016 CSV IEC 2016
“aR” fuse-links shall operate and break the circuit for any current value not exceeding the
rated breaking capacity and not less than a current sufficient to interrupt the fuse-link
specified by the manufacturer.
For “gR” and “gS” fuse-links within the conventional time:
− its fuse-element it does not operate, when it carries any current not exceeding the
conventional non-fusing current (I );
nf
− it operates when it carries any current equal to, or exceeding, the conventional fusing
current (I ) and equal to or lower than the rated breaking capacity.
f
7.5 Breaking capacity
A fuse-link shall be capable of breaking, at a voltage not exceeding the voltage specified in
8.5, any circuit having a prospective current between a current according to 7.4 and the rated
breaking capacity:
– for a.c. at power factors not lower than those in Table 104 appropriate to the value of the
prospective current;
– for d.c., at time constants not greater than the values specified in Table 105;
– for VSI applications, the fuse-link shall be capable of breaking a current specified in 8.5 at
time constants not greater than the value specified in Table 106.
7.7 I t characteristics
The values of operating I t determined as described in 8.7 shall not exceed those stated by
the manufacturer. The values of pre-arcing I t determined as described in 8.7 shall be not
less than the values stated (see 5.8.2.
...
IEC 60269-4 ®
Edition 5.1 2012-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Low-voltage fuses –
Part 4: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links for the protection of
semiconductor devices
Fusibles basse tension –
Partie 4: Exigences supplémentaires concernant les éléments de remplacement
utilisés pour la protection des dispositifs à semiconducteurs
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IEC 60269-4 ®
Edition 5.1 2012-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Low-voltage fuses –
Part 4: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links for the protection of
semiconductor devices
Fusibles basse tension –
Partie 4: Exigences supplémentaires concernant les éléments de remplacement
utilisés pour la protection des dispositifs à semiconducteurs
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX CP
ICS 29.120.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-0112-1
– 2 – 60269-4 IEC:2009+A1:2012
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 General . 6
1.1 Scope and object. 6
1.2 Normative references . 7
2 Terms and definitions . 7
3 Conditions for operation in service. 8
4 Classification . 9
5 Characteristics of fuses . 9
6 Markings . 14
7 Standard conditions for construction . 14
8 Tests . 15
Annex AA (informative) Guidance for the coordination of fuse-links with
semiconductor devices . 28
Annex BB (normative) Survey on information to be supplied by the manufacturer in
his literature (catalogue) for a fuse designed for the protection of semiconductor
devices . 34
Annex CC (normative) Examples of standardized fuse-links for the protection of
semiconductor devices . 35
Bibliography . 53
Figure 101 – Conventional overload curve (example) (X and Y are points of verified
overload capability) . 24
Figure 102 – Example of a conventional test arrangement for bolted fuse-links . 25
Figure 103 – Example of a conventional test arrangement for blade contact fuse-links . 27
Figure CC.1 – Single body fuse-links . 36
Figure CC.2 – Double body fuse-links . 37
Figure CC.3 – Twin body fuse-links . 38
Figure CC.4 – Striker fuse-links . 38
Figure CC.5 – Fuse-links with bolted connections, type B, body sizes 000 and 00 . 40
Figure CC.6 – Fuse-links with bolted connections, type B, body sizes 0, 1, 2 and 3 . 41
Figure CC.7 – Bolted fuse-links, type C . 43
Figure CC.8 – Flush end fuse-links, type A . 45
Figure CC.9 – Flush end fuse-links, type B . 47
Figure CC.10 – Fuse-links with cylindrical contact caps, type A . 48
Figure CC.11 – Fuse-links with cylindrical contact caps, type B . 51
Figure CC.12 – Fuse-links with cylindrical contact caps with striker, type B (additional
dimensions for all sizes except 10 × 38) . 52
60269-4 IEC:2009+A1:2012 – 3 –
Table 101 – Conventional times and currents for “gR” and “gS” fuse-links . 11
Table 102 – List of complete tests. 16
Table 103 – Survey of tests on fuse-links of the smallest rated current of a
homogeneous series . 16
Table 104 – Values for breaking-capacity tests on a.c. fuses . 21
Table 105 – Values for breaking-capacity tests on d.c. fuses . 22
Table 106 – Values for breaking-capacity tests on VSI fuse-links . 23
Table CC.1 – Conventional time and current for "gR" and "gS" fuse-links. 39
Table CC.2 – Conventional time and current for "gR" and "gS" fuse-links. 44
Table CC.3 – Preferred Typical rated voltages and preferred maximum rated currents . 49
Table CC.4 – Conventional time and current for "gR" and "gS" fuse-links. 49
– 4 – 60269-4 IEC:2009+A1:2012
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LOW-VOLTAGE FUSES –
Part 4: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links
for the protection of semiconductor devices
FOREWORD
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patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This consolidated version of IEC 60269-4 consists of the fifth edition (2009) [documents
32B/535/FDIS and 32B/541/RVD] and its amendment 1 (2012) [documents 32B/579/CDV
and 32B/586A/RVC]. It bears the edition number 5.1.
The technical content is therefore identical to the base edition and its amendment and
has been prepared for user convenience. A vertical line in the margin shows where the
base publication has been modified by amendment 1. Additions and deletions are
displayed in red, with deletions being struck through.
60269-4 IEC:2009+A1:2012 – 5 –
International Standard IEC 60269-4 has been prepared by subcommittee 32B: Low-voltage
fuses, of IEC technical committee 32: Fuses.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2006. It constitutes a
technical revision. The significant technical changes to the fourth edition are:
• the introduction of voltage source inverter fuse-links, including test requirements;
• coverage of the tests on operating characteristics for a.c. by the breaking capacity tests;
• the updating of examples of standardised fuse-links for the protection of semiconductor
devices.
This part is to be used in conjunction with IEC 60269-1:2006, Low-voltage fuses – Part 1:
General requirements.
This Part 4 supplements or modifies the corresponding clauses or subclauses of Part 1.
Where no change is necessary, this Part 4 indicates that the relevant clause or subclause
applies.
Tables and figures which are additional to those in Part 1 are numbered starting from 101.
Additional annexes are lettered AA, BB, etc.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60269 series, under the general title: Low-voltage fuses, can be
found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer.
– 6 – 60269-4 IEC:2009+A1:2012
LOW-VOLTAGE FUSES –
Part 4: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links
for the protection of semiconductor devices
1 General
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
Fuse-links for the protection of semiconductor devices shall comply with aIl requirements of
IEC 60269-1, if not otherwise indicated hereinafter, and shall also comply with the
supplementary requirements laid down below.
1.1 Scope and object
These supplementary requirements apply to fuse-links for application in equipment containing
semiconductor devices for circuits of nominal voltages up to 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. and
also, in so far as they are applicable, for circuits of higher nominal voltages.
NOTE 1 Such fuse-Iinks are commonly referred to as “semiconductor fuse-links”.
NOTE 2 In most cases, a part of the associated equipment serves the purpose of a fuse-base. Owing to the great
variety of equipment, no general rules can be given; the suitability of the associated equipment to serve as a fuse-
base should be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the user. However, if separate fuse-bases or
fuse-holders are used, they should comply with the appropriate requirements of IEC 60269-1.
NOTE 3 IEC 60269-6 (Low-voltage fuses – Part 6: Supplementary requirements for fuse-links for the protection of
solar photovoltaic energy systems) is dedicated to the protection of solar photovoltaic energy systems.
The object of these supplementary requirements is to establish the characteristics of
semiconductor fuse-links in such a way that they can be replaced by other fuse-links having
the same characteristics, provided that their dimensions are identical. For this purpose, this
standard refers in particular to
a) the following characteristics of fuses:
1) their rated values;
2) their temperature rises in normal service;
3) their power dissipation;
4) their time-current characteristics;
5) their breaking capacity;
6) their cut-off current characteristics and their I t characteristics;
7) their arc voltage characteristics;
b) type tests for verification of the characteristics of fuses;
c) the markings on fuses;
d) availability and presentation of technical data (see Annex B).
60269-4 IEC:2009+A1:2012 – 7 –
1.2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60269-1:2006, Low-voltage fuses – General requirements
IEC 60269-2:2006, Low-voltage fuses – Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by
authorized persons (fuses mainly for industrial application) – Examples of standardized
systems of fuses A to I J
IEC 60269-3:2006, Low-voltage fuses – Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by
unskilled persons (fuses mainly for household and similar applications) – Examples of
standardized systems of fuses A to F
IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment
ISO 3, Preferred numbers – Series of preferred numbers
2 Terms and definitions
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary definitions.
2.2 General terms
2.2.101
semiconductor device
device whose essential characteristics are due to the flow of charge carriers within a
semiconductor
[IEV 521-04-01]
2.2.102
semiconductor fuse-link
current-limiting fuse-link capable of breaking, under specific conditions, any current value
within the breaking range (see 7.4)
2.2.103
signalling device
device forming part of the fuse and signalling the fuse operation to a remote place
NOTE A signalling device consists of a striker and an auxiliary switch. Electronic devices may also be used.
2.2.104
voltage source inverter
VSI
a voltage stiff inverter
[IEV 551-12-11]
NOTE Also referred to as a voltage stiff inverter i.e. an inverter that supplies current without any practical change
in its output voltage.
– 8 – 60269-4 IEC:2009+A1:2012
2.2.105
voltage source inverter fuse-link
VSI fuse-link
current-limiting fuse-link capable of breaking, under specified conditions, the short circuit
current supplied by the discharge of a d.c.-link capacitor in a voltage source inverter
NOTE 1 The abbreviation “VSI fuse-link” is used in this document.
NOTE 2 A VSI fuse-link usually operates under a short circuit current supplied by the discharge of a d.c.-link
capacitor through a very low inductance, in order to allow high frequency in normal operation. This short circuit
condition leads to a very high rate of rise of current equivalent to a low value of time constant, typically 1 ms to
3 ms. The supply voltage is d.c., even though the applied voltage decreases as the current increases during the
short circuit.
NOTE 3 In some multiple a.c. drive applications, individual output inverters may be remote from the main input
rectifier. In these cases, the associated fault circuit impedances may influence the operation of the fuse-links - the
associated time constant and the size of the capacitors need to be considered when choosing the appropriate short
circuit protection.
3 Conditions for operation in service
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
3.4 Voltage
3.4.1 Rated voltage
For a.c., the rated voltage of a fuse-link is related to the applied voltage; it is based on the
r.m.s. value of a sinusoidal a.c. voltage. It is further assumed that the applied voltage retains
the same value throughout the operation of the fuse-link. All tests to verify the ratings are
based on this assumption.
NOTE In many applications, the applied voltage will be sufficiently close to the sinusoidal form for the significant
part of the operating time, but there are many cases where this condition is not satisfied.
The performance of a fuse-link subjected to a non-sinusoidal applied voltage can be
evaluated by comparing, for the first approximation, the arithmetic mean values of the non-
sinusoidal and sinusoidal applied voltages.
For d.c. and VSI fuse-links, the rated voltage of a fuse-link is related to the applied voltage. It
is based on the mean value. When d.c. is obtained by rectifying a.c., the ripple is assumed
not to cause a variation of more than 5 % above or 9 % below the mean value.
3.4.2 Applied voltage in service
Under service conditions, the applied voltage is that voltage which, in the fault circuit, causes
the current to increase to such proportions that the fuse-link will operate.
For a.c., consequently, the value of the applied voltage in a single-phase a.c. circuit is usually
identical to the power-frequency recovery voltage. For all cases other than the sinusoidal a.c.
voltage, it is necessary to know the applied voltage as a function of time.
For a unidirectional voltage and for VSI fuse-links, the important values are:
– the average value over the entire period of the operation of the fuse-link;
– the instantaneous value near the end of the arcing period.
3.5 Current
The rated current of a semiconductor fuse-link is based on the r.m.s. value of a sinusoidal a.c.
current at rated frequency.
60269-4 IEC:2009+A1:2012 – 9 –
For d.c., the r.m.s. value of current is assumed not to exceed the r.m.s. value based on a
sinusoidal a.c. current at rated frequency.
NOTE The thermal response time of the fuse-element may be so short that it cannot be assumed that operation
under conditions which deviate much from sinusoidal current can be estimated on the basis of the r.m.s. current
alone. This is so, in particular at lower frequency values and when the current presents salient peaks separated by
appreciable intervals of insignificant current; for example, in the case of frequency converters and traction
applications.
3.6 Frequency, power factor and time constant
3.6.1 Frequency
The rated frequency refers to the frequency of the sinusoidal current and voltage that form the
basis of the type tests.
NOTE In particular, where service frequency deviates significantly from rated frequency the manufacturer should
be consulted.
3.6.3 Time constant (τ)
For d.c., the time constants expected in practice are considered to correspond to those in
Table 105.
NOTE 1 Some service conditions may be found which exceed the specified performance shown in the table as
regards time constant. In such a case, a design of fuse-link which has been tested and marked accordingly should
be used or the suitability of such a fuse-link be subject to agreement between manufacturer and user. In some
service conditions, the time constant is significantly lower than the values stated in the table. In such a case, the
applied voltage can be higher than the rated voltage defined according to Table 105.
For VSI fuse-links, equivalent time constants expected in practice are considered to
correspond to those in Table 106.
NOTE 2 The high rate of rise of short circuit current is due to the low inductance, which is considered to be
equivalent to a low time constant.
3.10 Temperature inside an enclosure
Since the rated values of the fuse-links are based on specified conditions that do not always
correspond to those prevailing at the point of installation, including the local air conditions,
the user may have to consult the manufacturer concerning the possible need for re-rating.
4 Classification
IEC 60269-1 applies.
5 Characteristics of fuses
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
5.1 Summary of characteristics
5.1.2 Fuse-links
a) Rated voltage (see 5.2)
b) Rated current (see 5.3 of IEC 60269-1)
c) Kind of current and frequency (see 5.4 of IEC 60269-1)
d) Rated power dissipation (see 5.5 of IEC 60269-1)
e) Time-current characteristics (see 5.6)
– 10 – 60269-4 IEC:2009+A1:2012
f) Breaking range (see 5.7.1 of IEC 60269-1)
g) Rated breaking capacity (see 5.7.2 of IEC 60269-1)
h) Cut-off current characteristics (see 5.8.1)
i) I t characteristics (see 5.8.2)
k) Dimensions or size (if applicable)
l) Arc voltage characteristics (see 5.9)
5.2 Rated voltage
For rated a.c. voltages up to 690 V and d.c. voltages up to 750 V, IEC 60269-1 applies; for
higher voltages, the values shall be selected from the R 5 series or, where not possible, from
the R 10 series of ISO 3.
A fuse-link shall have an a.c. voltage rating or a d.c. voltage rating or a VSI voltage rating. It
may have one or more of these voltage ratings.
5.4 Rated frequency
The rated frequency is that frequency to which the performance data are related.
5.5 Rated power dissipation of the fuse-link
In addition to the requirements of IEC 60269-1, the manufacturer shall indicate the power
dissipation as a function of current for the range 50 % to 100 % of the rated current or for
50 %, 63 %, 80 % and 100 % of the rated current.
NOTE In cases where the resistance of the fuse-link is of interest, this resistance should be determined from the
functional relation between the power dissipation and the associated value of current.
5.6 Limits of time-current characteristics
5.6.1 Time-current characteristics, time-current zones
5.6.1.1 General requirements
The time-current characteristics depend on the design of the fuse-link, and, for a given fuse-
link, on the ambient air temperature and the cooling conditions.
The manufacturer shall provide time-current characteristics based on an ambient temperature
of 20 °C to 25 °C in accordance with the conditions specified in 8.3. The time-current
characteristics of interest are the pre-arcing characteristic and operating characteristics.
For a.c., the time-current characteristics are stated at rated frequency and for pre-arcing or
operating times longer than 0,1 s.
For d.c., they are stated for time constants according to Table 105 and for pre-arcing or
operating times longer than 15τ.
For the higher values of prospective current (shorter times), the same information shall be
presented in the form of I t characteristics (see 5.8.2).
5.6.1.2 Pre-arcing time-current characteristics
For a.c., the pre-arcing time-current characteristic shall be based on a symmetrical a.c.
current of a stated value of frequency (rated frequency).
60269-4 IEC:2009+A1:2012 – 11 –
For d.c., the pre-arcing time-current characteristic is of particular significance for times
exceeding 15τ for the relevant circuit, and is identical to the a.c. pre-arcing time-current
characteristic in this zone.
NOTE 1 Because of the wide range of circuit time constants likely to be experienced in service, the information
for times shorter than 15τ is conveniently expressed as a pre-arcing I t characteristic.
NOTE 2 The value of 15τ has been chosen to avoid the effects which different rates of rise of current have on the
pre-arcing time-current characteristic at shorter times.
5.6.1.3 Operating time-current characteristics
For a.c. with times longer than 0,1 s and for d.c. with times longer than 15τ, the arcing period
is negligible compared to the pre-arcing time. The operating time is then equivalent to the
maximum pre-arcing time.
5.6.2 Conventional times and currents
5.6.2.1 Conventional times and currents for “aR” fuse-links
See 7.4.
5.6.2.2 Conventional times and currents for “gR” and “gS” fuse-links
The conventional times and currents are given in Table 101.
Table 101 – Conventional times and currents for “gR” and “gS” fuse-links
Conventional current
Rated current Conventional time
Type “gR” Type “gS”
A h
I I I I
nf f nf f
a
I ≤ 63
n
63 < I ≤ 160
n
1,13 I 1,6 I 1,25 I 1,6 I
n n n n
160 < I ≤ 400
n
400 < I 4
n
a
In Annex C, some examples specify the requirements for I ≤ 16.
n
NOTE For explanation of gR and gS see 5.7.1.
5.6.3 Gates
Not applicable.
5.6.4 Overload curves
5.6.4.1 Verified overload capability
The manufacturer shall indicate sets of coordinate points along the time-current
characteristics (see 5.6.1) for which the overload capability has been verified in accordance
with the procedure indicated in 8.4.3.4.
The number and the location of the sets of coordinate points for which the overload capability
shall be verified shall be selected at the discretion of the manufacturer. The time coordinates
for the verification of the overload capability shall be selected within the range of 0,01 s to
60 s. Further sets of the coordinate points may be added according to agreement between
manufacturer and user.
– 12 – 60269-4 IEC:2009+A1:2012
5.6.4.2 Conventional overload curve
The conventional overload curve is formed of straight-line sections emanating from the co-
ordinate points of verified overload capability. From each set of coordinate points, two lines
are drawn:
– one from the verified point and following points of constant values of current towards
shorter times;
– the other from the verified point and following points of constant values of I t towards
longer times.
These line sections, ending at the line representing rated current, form the conventional
overload curve (see Figure 101).
NOTE For practical applications, a few points of verified overload capability are sufficient. As the number of
points of verified overload capability increases, the conventional overload curve becomes more precise.
5.7 Breaking range and breaking capacity
5.7.1 Breaking range and utilization category
The first letter shall indicate the breaking range:
− “a” fuse-links (partial-range breaking capacity, see 7.4);
− “g” fuse-links (full-range breaking capacity).
The second letter “R” and “S” shall indicate the utilization category for fuse-links complying
with this standard for the protection of semiconductor devices.
The type “R” is faster acting than type “S” and gives lower I t values.
The type “S” has lower power dissipation and gives enhanced utilization of cables compared
to type “R”.
For example:
– aR indicates fuse-links with partial range breaking capacity for the protection of
semiconductor devices;
– gR indicates fuse-links with full-range breaking capacity for general application and
semiconductor protection, optimised to low I t values;
– gS indicates fuse-links with full range breaking capacity for general application and
semiconductor protection, optimised to low power dissipation.
Some aR fuse-links are used to protect voltage source inverters. Even though they are
common aR fuses on a.c., they must be tested differently under VSI d.c. short-circuit
conditions. For these reasons, their designation is still “aR” but their d.c. characteristics must
be clearly stated “for VSI protection” in the manufacturer’s data sheets.
5.7.2 Rated breaking capacity
A breaking capacity of at least 50 kA for a.c. and 8 kA for d.c. is recommended.
For a.c., the rated breaking capacity is based on type tests performed in a circuit containing
only linear impedance and with a constant sinusoidal applied voltage of rated frequency.
For d.c., the rated breaking capacity is based on type tests performed in a circuit containing
only linear inductance and resistance with mean applied voltage.
NOTE The addition in practical applications of non-linear impedances and unidirectional voltage components may
significantly influence the breaking severity either in a favourable or unfavourable direction.
60269-4 IEC:2009+A1:2012 – 13 –
5.8 Cut-off current and I t characteristics
5.8.1 Cut-off current characteristics
The manufacturer shall provide the cut-off current characteristics which shall be given,
according to the example shown in Figure 4 of IEC 60269-1, in a double logarithmic
presentation with the prospective current as abscissa and, if necessary, with applied voltage
and/or frequency as a parameter.
For a.c., the cut-off current characteristics shall represent the highest values of current likely
to be experienced in service. They shall refer to the conditions corresponding to the test
conditions of this standard, for example, given voltage, frequency and power-factor values.
The cut-off current characteristics may be defined by the tests specified in 8.6.
For d.c., the cut-off current characteristics shall represent the highest values of current likely
to be experienced in service in circuits having a time constant specified in Table 105 for aR,
gS and gR fuse-links, or in Table 106 for aR fuse-links in VSI applications. For aR, gS and gR
fuse-links, these values will be exceeded in circuits of smaller time constants than those of
Table 105. The manufacturer shall provide the relevant information to enable the
determination of these higher cut-off current characteristics.
NOTE The cut-off current characteristic varies with the circuit time constant. The manufacturer should provide the
relevant information to enable these variations to be determined at least for time constants of 5 ms and 10 ms.
5.8.2 I t characteristics
5.8.2.1 Pre-arcing I t characteristic
For a.c., the pre-arcing I t characteristic shall be based on a symmetrical a.c. current at a
stated frequency value (rated frequency).
For d.c., the pre-arcing I t characteristic shall be based on r.m.s. d.c. current at a time
constant specified in the Table 105 for aR, gS and gR fuse-links or in Table 106 for aR fuse-
links in VSI applications.
NOTE For certain aR and gR and gS fuse-links, the pre-arcing I t characteristic varies with the circuit time
constant. The manufacturer should provide the relevant information to enable these variations to be determined at
least for time constants of 5 ms and 10 ms.
5.8.2.2 Operating I t characteristics
For a.c., the operating I t characteristics shall be given with applied voltage as a parameter
and for a stated power-factor value. In principle, they shall be based on the moment of current
initiation that leads to the highest operating I t value (see 8.7). The voltage parameters shall
include at least 100 %, 50 % and 25 % of rated voltage.
For d.c., the operating I t characteristics shall be given with the applied voltage as a
parameter and for a time constant specified in the Table 105 for aR, gS and gR fuse-links, or
Table 106 for aR fuse-links in VSI applications. The voltage parameters shall include at least
100 % and 50 % of rated voltage. It is permitted to determine the operating I t characteristics
at lower voltages from tests in accordance with Table 105 or Table 106 according to their d.c.
application or VSI application.
5.9 Arc voltage characteristics
Arc voltage characteristics provided by the manufacturer shall give the highest (peak) value of
arc voltage as a function of the applied voltage of the circuit in which the fuse-link is inserted
and, in the case of a.c., for power factors as stated in Table 104 and, in the case of d.c. at
time constants specified in Table 105 or in Table 106 according to their d.c. application or VSI
application.
– 14 – 60269-4 IEC:2009+A1:2012
6 Markings
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
6.2 Markings on fuse-links
Subclause 6.2 of IEC 60269-1 applies with the following addition:
– manufacturer's identification reference and/or symbols enabling all the characteristics
listed in 5.1.2 of IEC 60269-1 to be found;
– utilization category, “aR” or “gR” or “gS”;
– a combination of symbols of IEC 60417 of a fuse (5016) and a rectifier (5186) as shown
below:
Symbol IEC 60417-5016 (2002-10) Symbol IEC 60417-5186 (2002-10)
7 Standard conditions for construction
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
7.3 Temperature rise and power dissipation of the fuse-link
Fuse-links shall be so designed and proportioned as to carry, when tested in accordance with
8.3, the rated current without exceeding
– the temperature rise limit of the hottest upper metal part of the fuse-link indicated by the
manufacturer (see Figures 102 and 103);
– the power dissipation at the rated current indicated by the manufacturer.
7.4 Operation
The fuse-link shall be so designed and proportioned as to carry continuously any value of
current up to its rated current (see 8.4.3.4).
“aR” fuse-links shall operate and break the circuit for any current value not exceeding the
rated breaking capacity and not less than a current sufficient to interrupt the fuse-link
specified by the manufacturer.
For “gR” and “gS” fuse-links within the conventional time:
− its fuse-element does not operate, when it carries any current not exceeding the
conventional non-fusing current (I );
nf
− it operates when it carries any current equal to, or exceeding, the conventional fusing
current (I ) and equal to or lower than the rated breaking capacity.
f
60269-4 IEC:2009+A1:2012 – 15 –
7.5 Breaking capacity
A fuse-link shall be capable of breaking, at a voltage not exceeding the voltage specified in
8.5, any circuit having a prospective current between a current according to 7.4 and the rated
breaking capacity:
– for a.c. at power factors not lower than those in Table 104 appropriate to the value of the
prospective current;
– for d.c., at time constants not greater than the values specified in Table 105;
– for VSI applications, the fuse-link shall be capable of breaking a current specified in 8.5 at
time constants not greater than the value specified in Table 106.
7.7 I t characteristics
The values of operating I t determined as described in 8.7 shall not exceed those stated by
the manufacturer. The values of pre-arcing I t determined as described in 8.7 shall be not
less than the values stated (see 5.8.2.1 and 5.8.2.2).
7.15 Arc voltage characteristics
The arc voltage values measured as described in 8.7.5 shall not exceed those stated by the
manufacturer (see 5.9).
7.16 Special operating conditions
Special operating conditions, such as high value of acceleration, shall be subject to
agreement between manufacturer and user.
8 Tests
IEC 60269-1 applies with the following supplementary requirements.
8.1 General
8.1.4 Arrangement of the fuse-link
The fuse-link shall be mounted open in surroundings free from draughts and, unless otherwise
specified, in a vertical position (see 8.3.1). Examples of test arrangements are given in
Figures 102 and 103. Test arrangements for other kinds of fuse-links are given in IEC 60269-2
and IEC 60269-3.
8.1.5 Testing of fuse-links
8.1.5.1 Complete tests
The complete tests on fuse-links are listed in Table 102. The internal resistance of all fuse-
links shall be determined and recorded in the test report(s).
A fuse-link shall have an a.c. breaking capacity or a d.c. breaking capacity or a VSI breaking
capacity. It may have one or more of these breaking capacities.
– 16 – 60269-4 IEC:2009+A1:2012
Table 102 – List of complete tests
Number of
Test according to subclause fuse-links to
be tested
8.3 Temperature rise and power dissipation 1
8.4.3.1 a) Conventional non-fusing current 1
8.4.3.1 b) Conventional fusing current 1
8.4.3.2 Verification of rated current 1
8.4.3.5 Conventional cable overload test (for “gR” and “gS” fuse-links only) 1
For a.c.:
8.5 No 5 “gR” and “gS” breaking capacity and operating characteristics 1
No. 2a “aR” breaking capacity and operating characteristics 1
a
No. 2 Breaking capacity and operating characteristics 3
a
No. 1 Breaking capacity and operating characteristics
b
8.4.3.4 1
Verification of overload capability
For d.c.:
8.5 No. 13 “gR” and “gS” breaking capacity and operating characteristics 1
No.12a “aR” breaking capacity and operating characteristics 1
No.12 Breaking capacity and operating characteristics 3
No.11 Breaking capacity and operating characteristics 3
For VSI fuse-links:
8.5 No. 21 Breaking capacity and operating characteristics 3
a
Valid for pre-arcing I t characteristics, if ambient air temperature is 20 °C ± 5 °C between 10 °C and 30 °C.
b
The number of points at which the overload capability is verified should be at the manufacturer’s discretion.
8.1.5.2 Testing of fuse-links of a homogeneous series
Fuse-links having intermediate values of rated current of a homogeneous series are exempted
from type tests if the fuse-link of the largest rated current has been tested to the requirements
of 8.1.5.1 and if the fuse-link of the smallest rated current has been submitted to the tests
indicated in Table 103.
Table 103 – Survey of tests on fuse-links of the smallest rated current
of a homogeneous series
Number of fuse-links
Test according to subclause
to be tested
8.3 Temperature rise and power dissipation 1
8.3 Verification of temperature rise limits and power dissipation
8.3.1 Arrangement of the fuse-link
Only one fuse-link s
...
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