ISO/IEC 30141:2024
(Main)Internet of things (IoT) - Reference architecture
Internet of things (IoT) - Reference architecture
ISO/IEC 30141:2024 This document provides a standardized IoT Reference Architecture using a common vocabulary, reusable designs and industry best practices. It uses a top down approach, beginning with collecting the most important characteristics of IoT, abstracting those into a generic IoT Conceptual Model, deriving a high level system based reference with subsequent dissection of that model into five architecture views from different perspectives.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2018. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) conformance with ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2022;
b) improved usability;
c) implementation pattern support.
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ISO/IEC 30141
Edition 2.0 2024-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Internet of things (IoT) – Reference architecture
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ISO/IEC 30141
Edition 2.0 2024-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Internet of things (IoT) – Reference architecture
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 35.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-9193-1
– 2 – ISO/IEC 30141:2024 © ISO/IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
0.1 General . 7
0.2 About Internet of Things (IoT) . 7
0.3 IoT sources of information. 7
0.4 General principles of a reference architecture . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Abbreviated terms . 9
5 IoT RA context . 10
5.1 Overview. 10
5.2 Stakeholders and concerns . 11
6 IoT RA viewpoints and views . 12
6.1 Overview. 12
6.2 Foundational IoT viewpoint and views . 13
6.2.1 Foundational IoT viewpoint . 13
6.2.2 Foundational IoT view . 13
6.3 Business viewpoint and view . 19
6.3.1 Business viewpoint . 19
6.3.2 Business view . 19
6.4 Usage viewpoint and view . 21
6.4.1 Usage viewpoint . 21
6.4.2 Usage view . 21
6.5 Functional viewpoint and view . 22
6.5.1 Functional viewpoint . 22
6.5.2 Functional view . 23
6.6 Trustworthiness viewpoint and view . 25
6.6.1 Trustworthiness viewpoint . 25
6.6.2 Trustworthiness view . 26
6.7 Construction viewpoint and views . 29
6.7.1 Construction viewpoint . 29
6.7.2 Construction view . 31
6.7.3 IoT component pattern . 32
Annex A (normative) Additional IoT construction patterns . 38
A.1 General . 38
A.2 Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) pattern . 38
A.3 Dynamic IoT system pattern . 40
A.4 IoT enterprise system pattern. 43
A.5 IoT enterprise networking pattern . 45
A.6 IoT enterprise usage pattern . 47
Annex B (informative) Guidance on the use of ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2022 . 53
B.1 Overview. 53
B.2 Systems and architectures . 53
B.3 Elements in ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010:2022 used in ISO/IEC 30141 IoT reference
architecture description . 53
B.3.1 Overview . 53
B.3.2 Stakeholders, perspective, and concerns . 54
B.4 Viewpoints, model kinds, legends, correspondences, and correspondence
methods . 55
B.5 Views and models . 55
B.6 Correspondences . 55
Annex C (informative) Characteristics for IoT systems in particular contexts . 56
C.1 Common characteristics . 56
C.1.1 Legacy support . 56
C.1.2 Network connectivity . 56
C.1.3 Unique identification . 56
C.1.4 Well-defined components. 57
C.1.5 Auto-configuration . 57
C.1.6 Content-awareness . 57
C.1.7 Context-awareness . 57
C.1.8 Discoverability . 57
C.1.9 Manageability . 58
C.1.10 Network management and operation . 58
C.1.11 Real-time capability . 58
C.1.12 Self-description . 59
C.1.13 Service subscription . 59
C.2 Characteristics related to trustworthiness . 59
C.2.1 Data characteristics – volume, velocity, veracity, variability, and variety . 59
C.2.2 Protection of personally identifiable information (PII) . 60
C.2.3 Flexibility . 60
Bibliography . 61
Figure 1 – Using the IoT RA standard . 8
Figure 2 – Relationship between IoT component, IoT system and IoT environment . 14
Figure 3 – Example of IoT environment . 16
Figure 4 – External facing functions . 21
Figure 5 – Internal model of abstract function classes . 23
Figure 6 – Legend used in the trustworthiness view . 26
Figure 7 – IoT architecture construction view . 31
Figure 8 – Capabilities of an IoT component . 32
Figure A.1 – RAMI 4.0 . 39
Figure A.2 – DSC components . 41
Figure A.3 – Message flow in DSC . 42
Figure A.4 – Home smart air cleaning service . 42
Figure A.5 – Example system deployment model . 43
Figure A.6 – Networking model . 45
Figure A.7 – Roles present when the system is in use . 48
Figure A.8 – IoT service provider subroles and activities . 48
Figure A.9 – IoT service developer subroles and activities . 49
Figure A.10 – IoT subroles and activities . 50
Figure A.11 – Activities of device and application development . 50
– 4 – ISO/IEC 30141:2024 © ISO/IEC 2024
Figure A.12 – Using device data for security-related analytics and operations. . 51
Figure B.1 – Conceptual model of an architecture description . 54
Table 1 – List of viewpoints, stakeholders, and concerns . 11
Table 2 – Foundational IoT viewpoint . 13
Table 3 – Business viewpoint . 19
Table 4 – Usage viewpoint . 21
Table 5 – Funct
...
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