IEC 60034-1:2017
(Main)Rotating electrical machines - Part 1: Rating and performance
Rotating electrical machines - Part 1: Rating and performance
IEC 60034-1:2017 is applicable to all rotating electrical machines except those covered by other IEC standards, for example, IEC 60349. Machines within the scope of this document may also be subject to superseding, modifying or additional requirements in other standards, for example, IEC 60079 and IEC 60092. This new edition contains a number of clarifications, corrections and enhancements with regard to the previous edition.
Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 1: Bemessung und Betriebsverhalten
Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 1: Caractéristiques assignées et caractéristiques de fonctionnement
L'IEC 60034-1:2017 est applicable à toutes les machines électriques tournantes, excepté celles qui sont couvertes par d’autres normes IEC, par exemple l’IEC 60349. Les machines comprises dans le domaine d’application du présent document peuvent également être soumises à des exigences nouvelles, modifiées ou complémentaires figurant dans d’autres normes, par exemple, les séries IEC 60079 et IEC 60092. Cette nouvelle édition contient de multiples calrifications, corrections et améliorations par rapport à l'édition précédente.
Električni rotacijski stroji - 1. del: Nazivni podatki in preskus lastnosti
Ta del standarda IEC 60034 se uporablja za vse električne rotacijske stroje razen tistih, ki so zajeti v drugih standardih IEC, na primer IEC 60349.
Stroje, ki spadajo na področje uporabe tega dokumenta, lahko nadomeščajo, spreminjajo ali zanje veljajo zahteve drugih standardov, kot sta npr. IEC 60079 in IEC 60092.
OPOMBA: Če so določene točke tega dokumenta spremenjene, da ustrezajo posebnim zahtevam, npr. za stroje, ki so izpostavljeni radioaktivnemu sevanju ali stroje za aeronavtiko, veljajo vse druge točke, v kolikor so združljive.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2019
(OHNWULþQLURWDFLMVNLVWURMLGHO 1D]LYQLSRGDWNLLQSUHVNXVODVWQRVWL
Rotating electrical machines - Part 1: Rating and performance
Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Teil 1: Bemessung und Betriebsverhalten
Machines électriques tournantes - Partie 1: Caractéristiques assignées et
caractéristiques de fonctionnement
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: IEC 60034-1 Ed. 13.0
ICS:
29.160.01 Rotacijski stroji na splošno Rotating machinery in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
IEC 60034-1 ®
Edition 13.0 2017-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 1: Rating and performance
Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 1: Caractéristiques assignées et caractéristiques de fonctionnement
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.160.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-4210-0
– 2 – IEC 60034-1:2017 IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Duty . 15
4.1 Declaration of duty . 15
4.2 Duty types . 16
4.2.1 Duty type S1 – Continuous running duty . 16
4.2.2 Duty type S2 – Short-time duty . 17
4.2.3 Duty type S3 – Intermittent periodic duty . 17
4.2.4 Duty type S4 – Intermittent periodic duty with starting . 18
4.2.5 Duty type S5 – Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking. 20
4.2.6 Duty type S6 – Continuous operation periodic duty . 21
4.2.7 Duty type S7 – Continuous operation periodic duty with electric braking . 22
4.2.8 Duty type S8 – Continuous operation periodic duty with related
load/speed changes . 22
4.2.9 Duty type S9 – Duty with non-periodic load and speed variations . 24
4.2.10 Duty type S10 – Duty with discrete constant loads and speeds . 24
5 Rating. 26
5.1 Assignment of rating . 26
5.2 Classes of rating . 26
5.2.1 Rating for continuous running duty . 26
5.2.2 Rating for short-time duty . 26
5.2.3 Rating for periodic duty . 26
5.2.4 Rating for non-periodic duty . 27
5.2.5 Rating for duty with discrete constant loads and speeds . 27
5.2.6 Rating for equivalent loading . 27
5.3 Selection of a class of rating . 27
5.4 Allocation of outputs to class of rating . 28
5.5 Rated output . 28
5.5.1 DC generators . 28
5.5.2 AC generators . 28
5.5.3 Motors . 28
5.5.4 Synchronous condensers . 28
5.6 Rated voltage . 28
5.6.1 DC generators . 28
5.6.2 AC generators . 29
5.7 Co-ordination of voltages and outputs . 29
5.8 Machines with more than one rating . 29
6 Site conditions . 29
6.1 General . 29
6.2 Altitude . 29
6.3 Maximum ambient air temperature . 29
6.4 Minimum ambient air temperature . 30
6.5 Water coolant temperature . 30
6.6 Standstill, storage and transport . 30
6.7 Purity of hydrogen coolant . 30
7 Electrical operating conditions . 30
7.1 Electrical supply . 30
7.2 Form and symmetry of voltages and currents . 31
7.2.1 AC motors . 31
7.2.2 AC generators . 32
7.2.3 Synchronous machines . 32
7.2.4 DC motors supplied from static power converters . 33
7.3 Voltage and frequency variations during operation . 34
7.4 Three-phase a.c. machines operating on unearthed systems . 36
7.5 Voltage (peak and gradient) withstand levels . 36
8 Thermal performance and tests . 37
8.1 Thermal class . 37
8.2 Reference coolant . 37
8.3 Conditions for thermal tests . 38
8.3.1 Electrical supply . 38
8.3.2 Temperature of machine before test . 38
8.3.3 Temperature of coolant . 38
8.3.4 Measurement of coolant temperature during test . 38
8.4 Temperature rise of a part of a machine . 39
8.5 Methods of measurement of temperature . 39
8.5.1 General . 39
8.5.2 Resistance method . 39
8.5.3 Embedded temperature detector (ETD) method . 39
8.5.4 Thermometer method. 39
8.6 Determination of winding temperature . 39
8.6.1 Choice of method . 39
8.6.2 Determination by resistance method . 40
8.6.3 Determination by ETD method . 42
8.6.4 Determination by thermometer method . 42
8.7 Duration of thermal tests . 43
8.7.1 Rating for continuous running duty . 43
8.7.2 Rating for short-time duty . 43
8.7.3 Rating for periodic duty . 43
8.7.4 Ratings for non-periodic duty and for duty with discrete constant loads . 43
8.8 Determination of the thermal equivalent time constant for machines of duty
type S9 . 43
8.9 Measurement of bearing temperature . 43
8.10 Limits of temperature and of temperature rise . 44
8.10.1 General . 44
8.10.2 Indirect cooled windings . 44
8.10.3 Direct cooled windings . 49
8.10.4 Adjustments to take account of hydrogen purity on test . 50
8.10.5 Permanently short-circuited windings, magnetic cores and all structural
components (other than bearings) whether or not in contact with
insulation . 50
8.10.6 Commutators and sliprings, open or enclosed and their brushes and
brushgear . 50
9 Other performance and tests . 52
– 4 – IEC 60034-1:2017 IEC 2017
9.1 Routine tests. 52
9.2 Withstand voltage test . 53
9.3 Occasional excess current . 55
9.3.1 General . 55
9.3.2 Generators . 56
9.3.3 Motors (except commutator motors and permanent magnet motors) . 56
9.3.4 Commutator machines . 56
9.4 Momentary excess torque for motors . 56
9.4.1 Polyphase induction motors and d.c. motors . 56
9.4.2 Polyphase synchronous motors . 57
9.4.3 Other motors . 57
9.5 Pull-up torque . 57
9.6 Safe operating speed of cage induction motors . 57
9.7 Overspeed . 58
9.8 Short-circuit current for synchronous machines . 59
9.9 Short-circuit withstand test for synchronous machines . 59
9.10 Commutation test for commutator machines . 60
9.11 Total harmonic distortion (THD) for synchronous machines . 60
9.11.1 General . 60
9.11.2 Limits . 60
9.11.3 Tests . 60
10 Rating plates . 60
10.1 General . 60
10.2 Marking . 61
11 Miscellaneous requirements . 62
11.1 Protective earthing of machines . 62
11.2 Shaft-end key(s) . 64
12 Tolerances . 64
12.1 General . 64
12.2 Tolerances on values of quantities . 64
13 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 66
13.1 General . 66
13.2 Immunity . 66
13.2.1 Machines not incorporating electronic circuits . 66
13.2.2 Machines incorporating electronic circuits . 67
13.3 Emission . 67
13.4 Immunity tests . 67
13.5 Emission measurements . 67
14 Safety . 67
Annex A (informative) Guidance for the application of duty type S10 and for
establishing the value of relative thermal life expectancy TL . 69
Annex B (informative) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) limits . 70
Bibliography . 71
Figure 1 – Continuous running duty – Duty type S1 . 16
Figure 2 – Short-time duty – Duty type S2 . 17
Figure 3 – Intermittent periodic duty – Duty type S3 . 18
Figure 4 – Intermittent periodic duty with starting – Duty type S4 . 19
Figure 5 – Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking – Duty type S5 . 20
Figure 6 – Continuous operation periodic duty – Duty type S6 . 21
Figure 7 – Continuous operation periodic duty with electric braking – Duty type S7 . 22
Figure 8 – Continuous operation periodic duty with related load/speed changes – Duty
type S8 . 23
Figure 9 – Duty with non-periodic load and speed variations – Duty type S9 . 24
Figure 10 – Duty with discrete constant loads – Duty type S10 . 26
Figure 11 – Voltage and frequency limits for generators . 36
Figure 12 – Voltage and frequency limits for motors . 36
Table 1 – Preferred voltage ratings . 29
Table 2 – Unbalanced operating conditions for synchronous machines . 33
Table 3 – CCC symbol designation . 34
Table 4 – Primary functions of machines . 35
Table 5 – Reference coolant (see also Table 11) . 37
Table 6 – Time interval . 41
Table 7 – Measuring points . 44
Table 8 – Limits of temperature rise of windings indirectly cooled by air. 46
Table 9 – Limits of temperature rise of windings indirectly cooled by hydrogen . 47
Table 10 – Adjustments to limits of temperature rise at the operating site of indirect
cooled windings to take account of non-reference operating conditions and ratings . 48
Table 11 – Assumed maximum ambient temperature . 49
Table 12 – Adjusted limits of temperature rise at the test site (∆θ ) for windings
T
indirectly cooled by air to take account of test site operating conditions . 50
Table 13 – Limits of temperature of directly cooled windings and their coolants . 51
Table 14 – Adjustments to limits of temperature at the operating site for windings
directly cooled by air or hydrogen to take account of non-reference operating
conditions and ratings . 51
Table 15 – Adjusted limits of temperature at the test site θ for windings directly
T
cooled by air to take account of test site operating conditions . 52
Table 16 – Minimum routine tests for machines assembled and tested in the factory of
the manufacturer . 53
Table 17 – Withstand voltage tests . 54
Table 18 – Maximum safe operating speed (min− ) of three-phase single-speed cage
induction motors for voltages up to and including 1 000 V . 58
Table 19 – Overspeeds . 59
Table 20 – Cross-sectional areas of earthing conductors . 64
Table 21 – Schedule of tolerances on values of quantities . 65
Table B.1 – Electromagnetic emission limits per CISPR 11 Class B Group 1. 70
Table B.2 – Electromagnetic emission limits per CISPR 11 Class A Group 1. 70
– 6 – IEC 60034-1:2017 IEC 2017
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –
Part 1: Rating and performance
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60034-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 2:
Rotating machinery.
This thirteenth edition cancels and replaces the twelfth edition published in 2010. It
constitutes a technical revision.
The main technical changes with regard to the previous edition are as follows:
Clause or
Change
subclause
3.25 Shorter time to thermal equilibrium
5.5.2 Note on P-Q capability diagram for synchronous generators
6.4 Clarification added that other conditions can be agreed on
6.6 Clarification added that standstill is explicitly included; note added
7.1 Clarification on bus transfer or fast reclosing
Capability to withstand impulse voltages in case of machines connected to a U converter
7.2.4 New Table 3 for identification code
7.3 Table 4 corrected to reflect current scope of IEC 60034-3
7.5 Voltage withstand level for machines connected to a converter
8.3.4 Measurement of ambient air temperature in case of open machines
8.6.3.4 Notes on ETD in the end windings of high voltage machines and on ETD use to monitor
strand blockage in case of directly liquid cooled windings
8.10 Clarification on temperature limit
Clarification on temperature difference between method R and method ETD
Clarification that temperature limit acc. to method R must always be kept
Note on measured temperature limits between methods R and ETD
Table 8 and Table 11 extended incorporating thermal class 200 (N)
Line 4c) of Table 8 restricted to field windings of DC machines
Temperature limits in Table 8 changed according to 2/1737/DC and the comments received
on this document
Physically correct formula in Table 10, item 1b
9.1 Clarification on machines that are subject to routine testing
9.2 Separate withstand voltage testing of phases
Clarification on frequency and time instant for withstand voltage test
Note on leakage current during withstand voltage test
Note referring to IEC 60027
10.2 Information on IVIC on rating plate or in documentation
Clarification added to item f
IC code and design letter for locked-rotor apparent power on rating plate
11.1 Clarification on cross-sectional area of earthing conductor for generators
Note on grounding for small machines added
12.2 Tolerance on field current of synchronous machines added
Tolerance on power factor applies also for PM synchronous machines operated directly at the
lines
Contradiction between tolerances on efficiency and on losses clarified
13.1 Changed as proposed by ACEC
Note for large generators added
13.3 Changed as proposed by ACEC
13.5 Changed as proposed by ACEC
Annex B DC power supply added
– 8 – IEC 60034-1:2017 IEC 2017
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
2/1857/FDIS 2/1863/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60034 series, published under the general title Rotating electrical
machines, can be found on the IEC website.
NOTE A table of cross-references of all IEC TC 2 publications can be found in the IEC TC 2 dashboard on the
IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –
Part 1: Rating and performance
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60034 is applicable to all rotating electrical machines except those covered
by other IEC standards, for example, IEC 60349.
Machines within the scope of this document may also be subject to superseding, modifying or
additional requirements in other standards, for example, IEC 60079 and IEC 60092.
NOTE If particular clauses of this document are modified to meet special applications, for example machines
subject to radioactivity or machines for aerospace, all other clauses apply insofar as they are compatible.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60027-1, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 1: General
IEC 60027-4, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 4: Rotating electric
machines
IEC 60034-2 (all parts), Rotating electrical machines – Part 2: Standard methods for
determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)
IEC 60034-3, Rotating electrical machines – Part 3: Specific requirements for synchronous
generators driven by steam turbines or combustion gas turbines
IEC 60034-5, Rotating electrical machines – Part 5: Degrees of protection provided by the
integral design of rotating electrical machines (IP code) – Classification
IEC 60034-6, Rotating electrical machines – Part 6: Methods of cooling (IC code)
IEC 60034-8, Rotating electrical machines – Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of
rotation
IEC 60034-12:2016, Rotating electrical machines – Part 12: Starting performance of single-
speed three-phase cage induction motors
IEC 60034-15, Rotating electrical machines – Part 15: Impulse voltage withstand levels of
form-wound stator coils for rotating a.c. machines
IEC 60034-18 (all parts), Rotating electrical machines – Part 18: Functional evaluation of
insulation systems
IEC 60034-18-41, Rotating electrical machines – Part 18-41: Partial discharge free electrical
insulation systems (Type I) used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage converters –
Qualification and quality control tests
– 10 – IEC 60034-1:2017 IEC 2017
IEC TS 60034-25, Rotating electrical machines – Part 25: AC electrical machines used in
power drive systems – Application guide
IEC 60034-29, Rotating electrical machines – Part 29: Equivalent loading and superposition
techniques – Indirect testing to determine temperature rise
IEC 60034-30-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 30-1: Efficiency classes of line operated
A.C. motors (IE-code)
IEC 60038, IEC standard voltages
IEC 60050-411:1996, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 411: Rotating
machines
IEC 60060-1, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
IEC 60072 (all parts), Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines
IEC 60085, Electrical insulation – Thermal evaluation and designation
IEC 60204-1, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60204-11, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 11:
Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. and not
exceeding 36 kV
IEC 60335-1:2010, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60445, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification
– Identification of equipment terminals, conductor terminations and conductors
IEC 60664-1, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests
IEC 61148, Terminal markings for valve device stacks and assemblies and for power
conversion equipment
IEC 61293, Marking of electrical equipment with ratings related to electrical supply – Safety
requirements
CISPR 11, Industrial, scientific and medical equipment – Radiofrequency disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
CISPR 14 (all parts), Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus
CISPR 16 (all parts), Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in IEC 60050-411, some of which
are repeated here for convenience, and the following apply.
NOTE 1 For definitions concerning cooling and coolants, other than those in 3.17 to 3.22, see IEC 60034-6.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the term ‘agreement’ means ‘agreement between the manufacturer
and purchaser’.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
rated value
quantity value assigned, generally by a manufacturer, for a specified operating condition of a
machine
Note 1 to entry: The rated voltage or voltage range is the rated voltage or voltage range between lines at the
terminals.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-23]
3.2
rating
set of rated values and operating conditions
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-24]
3.3
rated output
value of the output included in the rating
3.4
load
all the values of the, in case of a generator, electrical and, in case of a motor, mechanical
quantities that signify the demand made on a rotating machine by an electrical circuit or a
mechanism at a given instant
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-01, modified:modification indicated in italics]
3.5
no-load
state of a machine rotating with zero output power (but under otherwise normal operating
conditions)
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-02, modified: modification indicated in italics]
3.6
full load
load which causes a machine to operate at its rating
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-10]
3.7
full load value
quantity value for a machine operating at full load
Note 1 to entry: This concept applies to power, torque, current, speed, etc.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-11]
– 12 – IEC 60034-1:2017 IEC 2017
3.8
de-energized and rest
complete absence of all movement and of all electrical supply or mechanical drive
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-03]
3.9
duty
statement of the load(s) to which the machine is subjected, including, if applicable, starting,
electric braking, no-load and rest and de-energized periods, and including their durations and
sequence in time
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-06]
3.10
duty type
continuous, short-time or periodic duty, comprising one or more loads remaining constant for
the duration specified, or a non-periodic duty in which generally load and speed vary within
the permissible operating range
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-13]
3.11
cyclic duration factor
ratio between the period of loading, including starting and electric braking, and the duration of
the duty cycle, expressed as a percentage
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-09]
3.12
locked-rotor torque
smallest measured torque the motor develops at its shaft and with the rotor locked, over all its
angular positions, at rated voltage and frequency
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-48-06]
3.13
locked-rotor current
greatest steady-state r.m.s. current taken from the line with the motor held at rest, over all
angular positions of its rotor, at rated voltage and frequency
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-48-16]
3.14
pull-up torque
smallest steady-state asynchronous torque which the motor develops between zero speed
and the speed which corresponds to the breakdown torque, when the motor is supplied at the
rated voltage and frequency
Note 1 to entry: This definition does not apply to those asynchronous motors of which the torque continually
decreases with increase in speed.
Note 2 to entry: In addition to the steady-state asynchronous torques, harmonic synchronous torques, which are a
function of rotor load angle, will be present at specific speeds.
At such speeds, the accelerating torque may be negative for some rotor load angles.
Experience and calculation show this to be an unstable operating condition and therefore harmonic synchronous
torques do not prevent motor acceleration and are excluded from this definition.
3.15
breakdown torque
maximum steady-state asynchronous torque which the motor develops without an abrupt drop
in speed, when the motor is supplied at the rated voltage and frequency
Note 1 to entry: This definition does not apply to motors with torques that continually decrease with increase in
speed.
3.16
pull-out torque
maximum torque which the synchronous motor develops at synchronous speed with rated
voltage, frequency and field current
3.17
cooling
procedure by means of which heat resulting from losses occurring in a machine is given up to
a primary coolant, which may be continuously replaced or may itself be cooled by a secondary
coolant in a heat exchanger
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-44-01]
3.18
coolant
medium, liquid or gas, by means of which heat is transferred
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-44-02]
3.19
primary coolant
medium, liquid or gas, which, being at a lower temperature than a part of a machine and in
contact with it, removes heat from that part
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-44-03]
3.20
secondary coolant
medium, liquid or gas, which, being at a lower temperature than the primary coolant, removes
the heat given up by this primary coolant by means of a heat exchanger or through the
external surface of the machine
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-44-04]
3.21
direct cooled winding
inner cooled winding
winding mainly cooled by coolant flowing in direct contact with the cooled part through hollow
conductors, tubes, ducts or channels which, regardless of their orientation, form an integral
part of the winding inside the main insulation
Note 1 to entry: In all cases when ‘indirect’ or ‘direct’ is not stated, an indirect cooled winding is implied.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-44-08]
3.22
indirect cooled winding
any winding other than a direct cooled winding
Note 1 to entry: In all cases when ‘indirect’ or ‘direct’ is not stated, an indirect cooled winding is implied.
– 14 – IEC 60034-1:2017 IEC 2017
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-44-09]
3.23
supplementary insulation
independent insulation applied in addition to the main insulation in order to ensure protection
against electric shock in the event of failure of the main insulation
3.24
moment of inertia
sum (integral) of the products of the mass elements of a body and the squares of their
distances (radii) from a given axis
3.25
thermal equilibrium
state reached when the temperature rises of the several parts of the machine do not vary by
more than a gradient of 1 K per half hour
Note 1 to entry: Thermal equilibrium may be determined from the time-temperature rise plot when the straight
lines between points at the beginning and end of two successive intervals of half hour each have a gradient of 1 K
or less per half hour or 2 K or less per hour.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-08, modified: modification indicated in italics]
3.26
thermal equivalent time constant
time constant, replacing several individual time constants, which determines approximately
the temperature course in a winding after a step-wise current change
3.27
encapsulated winding
winding which is completely enclosed or sealed by moulded insulation
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-39-06]
3.28
rated form factor of direct current supplied to a d.c. motor armature from a static power
converter
ratio of the r.m.s. maximum permissible value of the current I to its average value I
rms,maxN avN
(mean value integrated over one period) at rated conditions:
I
rms, maxN
k =
fN
I
avN
3.29
current ripple factor
ratio of the difference between the maximum value I and the minimum value I of an
max min
undulating current to two times the average value I (mean value integrated over one
av
period):
I − I
max min
q =
i
2 × I
av
Note 1 to entry: For small values of current ripple, the ripple factor may be approximated by the following
expression:
I – I
max min
q =
i
I + I
max min
Note 2 to entry: The above expression may be used as an approximation if the resulting calculated value of q is
i
equal to or less than 0,4.
3.30
tolerance
permitted deviation between the declared value of a quantity and the measured value
3.31
type test
test of one or more machines made to a certain design to show that the design meets certain
specifications
Note 1 to entry: The type test may also be considered valid if it is made on a machine which has minor deviations
of rating or other characteristics. These deviations should be subject to agreement.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-53-01]
3.32
routine test
test to which each individual machine is subjected during or after manufacture to ascertain
whether it complies with certain criteria
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-53-02]
3.33
runaway speed
maximum speed attained by the engine/generator set after removal of the full load of the
generator if the speed regulator does not function
Note 1 to entry: For motors, the maximum overspeed at loss of supply is meant that a motor might reach driven
by the coupled equipment
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 811-17-23]
4 Duty
4.1 Declaration of duty
It is the responsibility of the purchaser to declare the duty. The purchaser may describe the
duty by one of the following:
a) numerically, whe
...
IEC 60034-1 ®
Edition 13.0 2017-05
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
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inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 1: Rating and performance
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IEC 60034-1 ®
Edition 13.0 2017-05
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 1: Rating and performance
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.160.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-4323-7
– 2 – IEC 60034-1:2017 RLV IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 12
4 Duty . 16
4.1 Declaration of duty . 16
4.2 Duty types . 17
4.2.1 Duty type S1 – Continuous running duty . 17
4.2.2 Duty type S2 – Short-time duty . 18
4.2.3 Duty type S3 – Intermittent periodic duty . 19
4.2.4 Duty type S4 – Intermittent periodic duty with starting . 20
4.2.5 Duty type S5 – Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking. 21
4.2.6 Duty type S6 – Continuous operation periodic duty . 22
4.2.7 Duty type S7 – Continuous operation periodic duty with electric braking . 23
4.2.8 Duty type S8 – Continuous operation periodic duty with related
load/speed changes . 24
4.2.9 Duty type S9 – Duty with non-periodic load and speed variations . 25
4.2.10 Duty type S10 – Duty with discrete constant loads and speeds . 26
5 Rating. 29
5.1 Assignment of rating . 29
5.2 Classes of rating . 29
5.2.1 Rating for continuous running duty . 29
5.2.2 Rating for short-time duty . 29
5.2.3 Rating for periodic duty . 29
5.2.4 Rating for non-periodic duty . 29
5.2.5 Rating for duty with discrete constant loads and speeds . 30
5.2.6 Rating for equivalent loading . 30
5.3 Selection of a class of rating . 30
5.4 Allocation of outputs to class of rating . 30
5.5 Rated output . 31
5.5.1 DC generators . 31
5.5.2 AC generators . 31
5.5.3 Motors . 31
5.5.4 Synchronous condensers . 31
5.6 Rated voltage . 31
5.6.1 DC generators . 31
5.6.2 AC generators . 31
5.7 Co-ordination of voltages and outputs . 31
5.8 Machines with more than one rating . 32
6 Site operating conditions . 32
6.1 General . 32
6.2 Altitude . 32
6.3 Maximum ambient air temperature . 32
6.4 Minimum ambient air temperature . 32
6.5 Water coolant temperature . 33
6.6 Standstill, storage and transport . 33
6.7 Purity of hydrogen coolant . 33
7 Electrical operating conditions . 33
7.1 Electrical supply . 33
7.2 Form and symmetry of voltages and currents . 34
7.2.1 AC motors . 34
7.2.2 AC generators . 34
7.2.3 Synchronous machines . 35
7.2.4 DC motors supplied from static power converters . 36
7.3 Voltage and frequency variations during operation . 37
7.4 Three-phase a.c. machines operating on unearthed systems . 39
7.5 Voltage (peak and gradient) withstand levels . 40
8 Thermal performance and tests . 40
8.1 Thermal class . 40
8.2 Reference coolant . 40
8.3 Conditions for thermal tests . 41
8.3.1 Electrical supply . 41
8.3.2 Temperature of machine before test . 41
8.3.3 Temperature of coolant . 42
8.3.4 Measurement of coolant temperature during test . 42
8.4 Temperature rise of a part of a machine . 42
8.5 Methods of measurement of temperature . 42
8.5.1 General . 42
8.5.2 Resistance method . 43
8.5.3 Embedded temperature detector (ETD) method . 43
8.5.4 Thermometer method. 43
8.6 Determination of winding temperature . 43
8.6.1 Choice of method . 43
8.6.2 Determination by resistance method . 44
8.6.3 Determination by ETD method . 45
8.6.4 Determination by thermometer method . 46
8.7 Duration of thermal tests . 46
8.7.1 Rating for continuous running duty . 46
8.7.2 Rating for short-time duty . 46
8.7.3 Rating for periodic duty . 46
8.7.4 Ratings for non-periodic duty and for duty with discrete constant loads . 47
8.8 Determination of the thermal equivalent time constant for machines of duty
type S9 . 47
8.9 Measurement of bearing temperature . 47
8.10 Limits of temperature and of temperature rise . 47
8.10.1 General . 47
8.10.2 Indirect cooled windings . 48
8.10.3 Direct cooled windings . 52
8.10.4 Adjustments to take account of hydrogen purity on test . 53
8.10.5 Permanently short-circuited windings, magnetic cores and all structural
components (other than bearings) whether or not in contact with
insulation . 53
8.10.6 Commutators and sliprings, open or enclosed and their brushes and
brushgear . 53
9 Other performance and tests . 55
– 4 – IEC 60034-1:2017 RLV IEC 2017
9.1 Routine tests. 55
9.2 Withstand voltage test . 56
9.3 Occasional excess current . 59
9.3.1 General . 59
9.3.2 Generators . 59
9.3.3 Motors (except commutator motors and permanent magnet motors) . 59
9.3.4 Commutator machines . 59
9.4 Momentary excess torque for motors . 59
9.4.1 Polyphase induction motors and d.c. motors . 59
9.4.2 Polyphase synchronous motors . 60
9.4.3 Other motors . 60
9.5 Pull-up torque . 60
9.6 Safe operating speed of cage induction motors . 60
9.7 Overspeed . 61
9.8 Short-circuit current for synchronous machines . 62
9.9 Short-circuit withstand test for synchronous machines . 62
9.10 Commutation test for commutator machines . 63
9.11 Total harmonic distortion (THD) for synchronous machines . 63
9.11.1 General . 63
9.11.2 Limits . 63
9.11.3 Tests . 63
10 Rating plates . 63
10.1 General . 63
10.2 Marking . 64
11 Miscellaneous requirements . 65
11.1 Protective earthing of machines . 65
11.2 Shaft-end key(s) . 67
12 Tolerances . 67
12.1 General . 67
12.2 Tolerances on values of quantities . 67
13 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 69
13.1 General . 69
13.2 Immunity . 69
13.2.1 Machines not incorporating electronic circuits . 69
13.2.2 Machines incorporating electronic circuits . 70
13.3 Emission . 70
13.3.1 Machines without brushes .
13.3.2 Machines with brushes .
13.4 Immunity tests . 70
13.5 Emission test measurements . 70
13.5.1 Machines without brushes .
13.5.2 Machines with brushes .
14 Safety . 71
Annex A (informative) Guidance for the application of duty type S10 and for
establishing the value of relative thermal life expectancy TL . 72
Annex B (informative) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) limits . 73
Bibliography . 74
Figure 1 – Continuous running duty – Duty type S1 . 18
Figure 2 – Short-time duty – Duty type S2 . 19
Figure 3 – Intermittent periodic duty – Duty type S3 . 20
Figure 4 – Intermittent periodic duty with starting – Duty type S4 . 21
Figure 5 – Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking – Duty type S5 . 22
Figure 6 – Continuous operation periodic duty – Duty type S6 . 23
Figure 7 – Continuous operation periodic duty with electric braking – Duty type S7 . 24
Figure 8 – Continuous operation periodic duty with related load/speed changes – Duty
type S8 . 25
Figure 9 – Duty with non-periodic load and speed variations – Duty type S9 . 26
Figure 10 – Duty with discrete constant loads – Duty type S10 . 28
Figure 11 – Voltage and frequency limits for generators . 39
Figure 12 – Voltage and frequency limits for motors . 39
Table 1 – Preferred voltage ratings . 32
Table 2 – Unbalanced operating conditions for synchronous machines . 36
Table 3 – CCC symbol designation . 37
Table 4 – Primary functions of machines . 38
Table 5 – Reference coolant (see also Table 11) . 41
Table 6 – Time interval . 45
Table 7 – Measuring points . 47
Table 8 – Limits of temperature rise of windings indirectly cooled by air. 49
Table 9 – Limits of temperature rise of windings indirectly cooled by hydrogen . 50
Table 10 – Adjustments to limits of temperature rise at the operating site of indirect
cooled windings to take account of non-reference operating conditions and ratings . 51
Table 11 – Assumed maximum ambient temperature . 52
Table 12 – Adjusted limits of temperature rise at the test site (∆θ ) for windings
T
indirectly cooled by air to take account of test site operating conditions . 53
Table 13 – Limits of temperature of directly cooled windings and their coolants . 54
Table 14 – Adjustments to limits of temperature at the operating site for windings
directly cooled by air or hydrogen to take account of non-reference operating
conditions and ratings . 54
Table 15 – Adjusted limits of temperature at the test site θ for windings directly
T
cooled by air to take account of test site operating conditions . 55
Table 16 – Minimum schedule of routine tests for machines assembled and tested in
the factory of the manufacturer . 56
Table 17 – Withstand voltage tests . 57
Table 18 – Maximum safe operating speed (min− ) of three-phase single-speed cage
induction motors for voltages up to and including 1 000 V . 61
Table 19 – Overspeeds . 62
Table 20 – Cross-sectional areas of earthing conductors . 67
Table 21 – Schedule of tolerances on values of quantities . 68
Table B.1 – Electromagnetic emission limits for machines without brushes per CISPR
11 Class B Group 1 . 73
– 6 – IEC 60034-1:2017 RLV IEC 2017
Table B.2 – Electromagnetic emission limits for machines with brushes per CISPR 11
Class A Group 1 . 73
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –
Part 1: Rating and performance
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
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between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This redline version of the official IEC Standard allows the user to identify the changes
made to the previous edition. A vertical bar appears in the margin wherever a change
has been made. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough red text.
– 8 – IEC 60034-1:2017 RLV IEC 2017
International Standard IEC 60034-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 2:
Rotating machinery.
This thirteenth edition cancels and replaces the twelfth edition published in 2010. It
constitutes a technical revision.
The main technical changes with regard to the previous edition are as follows:
Clause or
Change
subclause
3.25 Shorter time to thermal equilibrium
5.5.2 Note on P-Q capability diagram for synchronous generators
6.4 Clarification added that other conditions can be agreed on
6.6 Clarification added that standstill is explicitly included; note added
7.1 Clarification on bus transfer or fast reclosing
Capability to withstand impulse voltages in case of machines connected to a U converter
7.2.4 New Table 3 for identification code
7.3 Table 4 corrected to reflect current scope of IEC 60034-3
7.5 Voltage withstand level for machines connected to a converter
8.3.4 Measurement of ambient air temperature in case of open machines
8.6.3.4 Notes on ETD in the end windings of high voltage machines and on ETD use to monitor
strand blockage in case of directly liquid cooled windings
8.10 Clarification on temperature limit
Clarification on temperature difference between method R and method ETD
Clarification that temperature limit acc. to method R must always be kept
Note on measured temperature limits between methods R and ETD
Table 8 and Table 11 extended incorporating thermal class 200 (N)
Line 4c) of Table 8 restricted to field windings of DC machines
Temperature limits in Table 8 changed according to 2/1737/DC and the comments received
on this document
Physically correct formula in Table 10, item 1b
9.1 Clarification on machines that are subject to routine testing
9.2 Separate withstand voltage testing of phases
Clarification on frequency and time instant for withstand voltage test
Note on leakage current during withstand voltage test
Note referring to IEC 60027
10.2 Information on IVIC on rating plate or in documentation
Clarification added to item f
IC code and design letter for locked-rotor apparent power on rating plate
11.1 Clarification on cross-sectional area of earthing conductor for generators
Note on grounding for small machines added
12.2 Tolerance on field current of synchronous machines added
Tolerance on power factor applies also for PM synchronous machines operated directly at the
lines
Contradiction between tolerances on efficiency and on losses clarified
13.1 Changed as proposed by ACEC
Note for large generators added
13.3 Changed as proposed by ACEC
Clause or
Change
subclause
13.5 Changed as proposed by ACEC
Annex B DC power supply added
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
2/1857/FDIS 2/1863/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60034 series, published under the general title Rotating electrical
machines, can be found on the IEC website.
NOTE A table of cross-references of all IEC TC 2 publications can be found in the IEC TC 2 dashboard on the
IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer.
– 10 – IEC 60034-1:2017 RLV IEC 2017
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –
Part 1: Rating and performance
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60034 is applicable to all rotating electrical machines except those covered
by other IEC standards, for example, IEC 60349.
Machines within the scope of this document may also be subject to superseding, modifying or
additional requirements in other standards, for example, IEC 60079 and IEC 60092.
NOTE If particular clauses of this document are modified to meet special applications, for example machines
subject to radioactivity or machines for aerospace, all other clauses apply insofar as they are compatible.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60027-1, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 1: General
IEC 60027-4, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 4: Rotating electrical
machines
IEC 60034-2 (all parts), Rotating electrical machines – Part 2: Standard methods for
determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)
IEC 60034-3, Rotating electrical machines – Part 3: Specific requirements for synchronous
generators driven by steam turbines or combustion gas turbines
IEC 60034-5, Rotating electrical machines – Part 5: Degrees of protection provided by the
integral design of rotating electrical machines (IP code) – Classification
IEC 60034-6, Rotating electrical machines – Part 6: Methods of cooling (IC code)
IEC 60034-8, Rotating electrical machines – Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of
rotation
IEC 60034-12:2016, Rotating electrical machines – Part 12: Starting performance of single-
speed three-phase cage induction motors
IEC 60034-15, Rotating electrical machines – Part 15: Impulse voltage withstand levels of
form-wound stator coils for rotating a.c. machines
IEC 60034-17, Rotating electrical machines − Part 17: Cage induction motors when fed from
converters – Application guide
IEC 60034-18 (all parts), Rotating electrical machines – Part 18: Functional evaluation of
insulating insulation systems
IEC 60034-18-41, Rotating electrical machines – Part 18-41: Partial discharge free electrical
insulation systems (Type I) used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage converters –
Qualification and quality control tests
IEC TS 60034-25, Rotating electrical machines – Part 25: AC electrical machines used in
power drive systems – Application guide
IEC 60034-29, Rotating electrical machines – Part 29: Equivalent loading and superposition
techniques – Indirect testing to determine temperature rise
IEC 60034-30, Rotating electrical machines – Part 30: Efficiency classes of single-speed,
three-phase, cage-induction motors (IE-code)
IEC 60034-30-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 30-1: Efficiency classes of line operated
A.C. motors (IE-code)
IEC 60038, IEC standard voltages
IEC 60050-411:1996, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 411: Rotating
machines
IEC 60060-1, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
IEC 60072 (all parts), Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines
IEC 60085, Electrical insulation – Thermal evaluation and designation
IEC 60204-1, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60204-11, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 11:
Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. and not
exceeding 36 kV
IEC 60335-1:2010, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60445, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification
– Identification of equipment terminals, conductor terminals terminations and conductors
IEC 60664-1, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests
1)
IEC 60971, Semiconductor convertors. Identification code for convertor connections
IEC 61148, Terminal markings for valve device stacks and assemblies and for power
conversion equipment
IEC 61293, Marking of electrical equipment with ratings related to electrical supply – Safety
requirements
___________
1)
IEC 60971 was withdrawn (and not replaced) in 2004.
– 12 – IEC 60034-1:2017 RLV IEC 2017
CISPR 11, Industrial, scientific and medical equipment – Radiofrequency disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
CISPR 14 (all parts), Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus
CISPR 16 (all parts), Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in IEC 60050-411, some of which
are repeated here for convenience, and the following apply.
NOTE 1 For definitions concerning cooling and coolants, other than those in 3.17 to 3.22, reference should be
made to see IEC 60034-6.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the term ‘agreement’ means ‘agreement between the manufacturer
and purchaser’.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
rated value
quantity value assigned, generally by a manufacturer, for a specified operating condition of a
machine
Note 1 to entry: The rated voltage or voltage range is the rated voltage or voltage range between lines at the
terminals.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-23]
3.2
rating
set of rated values and operating conditions
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-24]
3.3
rated output
value of the output included in the rating
3.4
load
all the values of the, in case of a generator, electrical and, in case of a motor, mechanical
quantities that signify the demand made on a rotating machine by an electrical circuit or a
mechanism at a given instant
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-01, modified:modification indicated in italics]
3.5
no-load
state of a machine rotating with zero output power (but under otherwise normal operating
conditions)
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-02, modified: modification indicated in italics]
3.6
full load
load which causes a machine to operate at its rating
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-10]
3.7
full load value
quantity value for a machine operating at full load
Note 1 to entry: This concept applies to power, torque, current, speed, etc.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-11]
3.8
de-energized and rest
complete absence of all movement and of all electrical supply or mechanical drive
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-03]
3.9
duty
statement of the load(s) to which the machine is subjected, including, if applicable, starting,
electric braking, no-load and rest and de-energized periods, and including their durations and
sequence in time
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-06]
3.10
duty type
continuous, short-time or periodic duty, comprising one or more loads remaining constant for
the duration specified, or a non-periodic duty in which generally load and speed vary within
the permissible operating range
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-13]
3.11
cyclic duration factor
ratio between the period of loading, including starting and electric braking, and the duration of
the duty cycle, expressed as a percentage
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-09]
3.12
locked-rotor torque
smallest measured torque the motor develops at its shaft and with the rotor locked, over all its
angular positions, at rated voltage and frequency
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-48-06]
3.13
locked-rotor current
greatest steady-state r.m.s. current taken from the line with the motor held at rest, over all
angular positions of its rotor, at rated voltage and frequency
– 14 – IEC 60034-1:2017 RLV IEC 2017
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-48-16]
3.14
pull-up torque
smallest steady-state asynchronous torque which the motor develops between zero speed
and the speed which corresponds to the breakdown torque, when the motor is supplied at the
rated voltage and frequency
Note 1 to entry: This definition does not apply to those asynchronous motors of which the torque continually
decreases with increase in speed.
Note 2 to entry: In addition to the steady-state asynchronous torques, harmonic synchronous torques, which are a
function of rotor load angle, will be present at specific speeds.
At such speeds, the accelerating torque may be negative for some rotor load angles.
Experience and calculation show this to be an unstable operating condition and therefore harmonic synchronous
torques do not prevent motor acceleration and are excluded from this definition.
3.15
breakdown torque
maximum steady-state asynchronous torque which the motor develops without an abrupt drop
in speed, when the motor is supplied at the rated voltage and frequency
Note 1 to entry: This definition does not apply to motors with torques that continually decrease with increase in
speed.
3.16
pull-out torque
maximum torque which the synchronous motor develops at synchronous speed with rated
voltage, frequency and field current
3.17
cooling
procedure by means of which heat resulting from losses occurring in a machine is given up to
a primary coolant, which may be continuously replaced or may itself be cooled by a secondary
coolant in a heat exchanger
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-44-01]
3.18
coolant
medium, liquid or gas, by means of which heat is transferred
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-44-02]
3.19
primary coolant
medium, liquid or gas, which, being at a lower temperature than a part of a machine and in
contact with it, removes heat from that part
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-44-03]
3.20
secondary coolant
medium, liquid or gas, which, being at a lower temperature than the primary coolant, removes
the heat given up by this primary coolant by means of a heat exchanger or through the
external surface of the machine
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-44-04]
3.21
direct cooled winding
inner cooled winding
winding mainly cooled by coolant flowing in direct contact with the cooled part through hollow
conductors, tubes, ducts or channels which, regardless of th
...
IEC 60034-1 ®
Edition 13.0 2017-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 1: Rating and performance
Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 1: Caractéristiques assignées et caractéristiques de fonctionnement
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IEC 60034-1 ®
Edition 13.0 2017-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 1: Rating and performance
Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 1: Caractéristiques assignées et caractéristiques de fonctionnement
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.160.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-4210-0
– 2 – IEC 60034-1:2017 IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Duty . 15
4.1 Declaration of duty . 15
4.2 Duty types . 16
4.2.1 Duty type S1 – Continuous running duty . 16
4.2.2 Duty type S2 – Short-time duty . 17
4.2.3 Duty type S3 – Intermittent periodic duty . 17
4.2.4 Duty type S4 – Intermittent periodic duty with starting . 18
4.2.5 Duty type S5 – Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking. 20
4.2.6 Duty type S6 – Continuous operation periodic duty . 21
4.2.7 Duty type S7 – Continuous operation periodic duty with electric braking . 22
4.2.8 Duty type S8 – Continuous operation periodic duty with related
load/speed changes . 22
4.2.9 Duty type S9 – Duty with non-periodic load and speed variations . 24
4.2.10 Duty type S10 – Duty with discrete constant loads and speeds . 24
5 Rating. 26
5.1 Assignment of rating . 26
5.2 Classes of rating . 26
5.2.1 Rating for continuous running duty . 26
5.2.2 Rating for short-time duty . 26
5.2.3 Rating for periodic duty . 26
5.2.4 Rating for non-periodic duty . 27
5.2.5 Rating for duty with discrete constant loads and speeds . 27
5.2.6 Rating for equivalent loading . 27
5.3 Selection of a class of rating . 27
5.4 Allocation of outputs to class of rating . 28
5.5 Rated output . 28
5.5.1 DC generators . 28
5.5.2 AC generators . 28
5.5.3 Motors . 28
5.5.4 Synchronous condensers . 28
5.6 Rated voltage . 28
5.6.1 DC generators . 28
5.6.2 AC generators . 29
5.7 Co-ordination of voltages and outputs . 29
5.8 Machines with more than one rating . 29
6 Site conditions . 29
6.1 General . 29
6.2 Altitude . 29
6.3 Maximum ambient air temperature . 29
6.4 Minimum ambient air temperature . 30
6.5 Water coolant temperature . 30
6.6 Standstill, storage and transport . 30
6.7 Purity of hydrogen coolant . 30
7 Electrical operating conditions . 30
7.1 Electrical supply . 30
7.2 Form and symmetry of voltages and currents . 31
7.2.1 AC motors . 31
7.2.2 AC generators . 32
7.2.3 Synchronous machines . 32
7.2.4 DC motors supplied from static power converters . 33
7.3 Voltage and frequency variations during operation . 34
7.4 Three-phase a.c. machines operating on unearthed systems . 36
7.5 Voltage (peak and gradient) withstand levels . 36
8 Thermal performance and tests . 37
8.1 Thermal class . 37
8.2 Reference coolant . 37
8.3 Conditions for thermal tests . 38
8.3.1 Electrical supply . 38
8.3.2 Temperature of machine before test . 38
8.3.3 Temperature of coolant . 38
8.3.4 Measurement of coolant temperature during test . 38
8.4 Temperature rise of a part of a machine . 39
8.5 Methods of measurement of temperature . 39
8.5.1 General . 39
8.5.2 Resistance method . 39
8.5.3 Embedded temperature detector (ETD) method . 39
8.5.4 Thermometer method. 39
8.6 Determination of winding temperature . 39
8.6.1 Choice of method . 39
8.6.2 Determination by resistance method . 40
8.6.3 Determination by ETD method . 42
8.6.4 Determination by thermometer method . 42
8.7 Duration of thermal tests . 43
8.7.1 Rating for continuous running duty . 43
8.7.2 Rating for short-time duty . 43
8.7.3 Rating for periodic duty . 43
8.7.4 Ratings for non-periodic duty and for duty with discrete constant loads . 43
8.8 Determination of the thermal equivalent time constant for machines of duty
type S9 . 43
8.9 Measurement of bearing temperature . 43
8.10 Limits of temperature and of temperature rise . 44
8.10.1 General . 44
8.10.2 Indirect cooled windings . 44
8.10.3 Direct cooled windings . 49
8.10.4 Adjustments to take account of hydrogen purity on test . 50
8.10.5 Permanently short-circuited windings, magnetic cores and all structural
components (other than bearings) whether or not in contact with
insulation . 50
8.10.6 Commutators and sliprings, open or enclosed and their brushes and
brushgear . 50
9 Other performance and tests . 52
– 4 – IEC 60034-1:2017 IEC 2017
9.1 Routine tests. 52
9.2 Withstand voltage test . 53
9.3 Occasional excess current . 55
9.3.1 General . 55
9.3.2 Generators . 56
9.3.3 Motors (except commutator motors and permanent magnet motors) . 56
9.3.4 Commutator machines . 56
9.4 Momentary excess torque for motors . 56
9.4.1 Polyphase induction motors and d.c. motors . 56
9.4.2 Polyphase synchronous motors . 57
9.4.3 Other motors . 57
9.5 Pull-up torque . 57
9.6 Safe operating speed of cage induction motors . 57
9.7 Overspeed . 58
9.8 Short-circuit current for synchronous machines . 59
9.9 Short-circuit withstand test for synchronous machines . 59
9.10 Commutation test for commutator machines . 60
9.11 Total harmonic distortion (THD) for synchronous machines . 60
9.11.1 General . 60
9.11.2 Limits . 60
9.11.3 Tests . 60
10 Rating plates . 60
10.1 General . 60
10.2 Marking . 61
11 Miscellaneous requirements . 62
11.1 Protective earthing of machines . 62
11.2 Shaft-end key(s) . 64
12 Tolerances . 64
12.1 General . 64
12.2 Tolerances on values of quantities . 64
13 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 66
13.1 General . 66
13.2 Immunity . 66
13.2.1 Machines not incorporating electronic circuits . 66
13.2.2 Machines incorporating electronic circuits . 67
13.3 Emission . 67
13.4 Immunity tests . 67
13.5 Emission measurements . 67
14 Safety . 67
Annex A (informative) Guidance for the application of duty type S10 and for
establishing the value of relative thermal life expectancy TL . 69
Annex B (informative) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) limits . 70
Bibliography . 71
Figure 1 – Continuous running duty – Duty type S1 . 16
Figure 2 – Short-time duty – Duty type S2 . 17
Figure 3 – Intermittent periodic duty – Duty type S3 . 18
Figure 4 – Intermittent periodic duty with starting – Duty type S4 . 19
Figure 5 – Intermittent periodic duty with electric braking – Duty type S5 . 20
Figure 6 – Continuous operation periodic duty – Duty type S6 . 21
Figure 7 – Continuous operation periodic duty with electric braking – Duty type S7 . 22
Figure 8 – Continuous operation periodic duty with related load/speed changes – Duty
type S8 . 23
Figure 9 – Duty with non-periodic load and speed variations – Duty type S9 . 24
Figure 10 – Duty with discrete constant loads – Duty type S10 . 26
Figure 11 – Voltage and frequency limits for generators . 36
Figure 12 – Voltage and frequency limits for motors . 36
Table 1 – Preferred voltage ratings . 29
Table 2 – Unbalanced operating conditions for synchronous machines . 33
Table 3 – CCC symbol designation . 34
Table 4 – Primary functions of machines . 35
Table 5 – Reference coolant (see also Table 11) . 37
Table 6 – Time interval . 41
Table 7 – Measuring points . 44
Table 8 – Limits of temperature rise of windings indirectly cooled by air. 46
Table 9 – Limits of temperature rise of windings indirectly cooled by hydrogen . 47
Table 10 – Adjustments to limits of temperature rise at the operating site of indirect
cooled windings to take account of non-reference operating conditions and ratings . 48
Table 11 – Assumed maximum ambient temperature . 49
Table 12 – Adjusted limits of temperature rise at the test site (∆θ ) for windings
T
indirectly cooled by air to take account of test site operating conditions . 50
Table 13 – Limits of temperature of directly cooled windings and their coolants . 51
Table 14 – Adjustments to limits of temperature at the operating site for windings
directly cooled by air or hydrogen to take account of non-reference operating
conditions and ratings . 51
Table 15 – Adjusted limits of temperature at the test site θ for windings directly
T
cooled by air to take account of test site operating conditions . 52
Table 16 – Minimum routine tests for machines assembled and tested in the factory of
the manufacturer . 53
Table 17 – Withstand voltage tests . 54
Table 18 – Maximum safe operating speed (min− ) of three-phase single-speed cage
induction motors for voltages up to and including 1 000 V . 58
Table 19 – Overspeeds . 59
Table 20 – Cross-sectional areas of earthing conductors . 64
Table 21 – Schedule of tolerances on values of quantities . 65
Table B.1 – Electromagnetic emission limits per CISPR 11 Class B Group 1. 70
Table B.2 – Electromagnetic emission limits per CISPR 11 Class A Group 1. 70
– 6 – IEC 60034-1:2017 IEC 2017
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –
Part 1: Rating and performance
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
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agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60034-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 2:
Rotating machinery.
This thirteenth edition cancels and replaces the twelfth edition published in 2010. It
constitutes a technical revision.
The main technical changes with regard to the previous edition are as follows:
Clause or
Change
subclause
3.25 Shorter time to thermal equilibrium
5.5.2 Note on P-Q capability diagram for synchronous generators
6.4 Clarification added that other conditions can be agreed on
6.6 Clarification added that standstill is explicitly included; note added
7.1 Clarification on bus transfer or fast reclosing
Capability to withstand impulse voltages in case of machines connected to a U converter
7.2.4 New Table 3 for identification code
7.3 Table 4 corrected to reflect current scope of IEC 60034-3
7.5 Voltage withstand level for machines connected to a converter
8.3.4 Measurement of ambient air temperature in case of open machines
8.6.3.4 Notes on ETD in the end windings of high voltage machines and on ETD use to monitor
strand blockage in case of directly liquid cooled windings
8.10 Clarification on temperature limit
Clarification on temperature difference between method R and method ETD
Clarification that temperature limit acc. to method R must always be kept
Note on measured temperature limits between methods R and ETD
Table 8 and Table 11 extended incorporating thermal class 200 (N)
Line 4c) of Table 8 restricted to field windings of DC machines
Temperature limits in Table 8 changed according to 2/1737/DC and the comments received
on this document
Physically correct formula in Table 10, item 1b
9.1 Clarification on machines that are subject to routine testing
9.2 Separate withstand voltage testing of phases
Clarification on frequency and time instant for withstand voltage test
Note on leakage current during withstand voltage test
Note referring to IEC 60027
10.2 Information on IVIC on rating plate or in documentation
Clarification added to item f
IC code and design letter for locked-rotor apparent power on rating plate
11.1 Clarification on cross-sectional area of earthing conductor for generators
Note on grounding for small machines added
12.2 Tolerance on field current of synchronous machines added
Tolerance on power factor applies also for PM synchronous machines operated directly at the
lines
Contradiction between tolerances on efficiency and on losses clarified
13.1 Changed as proposed by ACEC
Note for large generators added
13.3 Changed as proposed by ACEC
13.5 Changed as proposed by ACEC
Annex B DC power supply added
– 8 – IEC 60034-1:2017 IEC 2017
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
2/1857/FDIS 2/1863/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60034 series, published under the general title Rotating electrical
machines, can be found on the IEC website.
NOTE A table of cross-references of all IEC TC 2 publications can be found in the IEC TC 2 dashboard on the
IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES –
Part 1: Rating and performance
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60034 is applicable to all rotating electrical machines except those covered
by other IEC standards, for example, IEC 60349.
Machines within the scope of this document may also be subject to superseding, modifying or
additional requirements in other standards, for example, IEC 60079 and IEC 60092.
NOTE If particular clauses of this document are modified to meet special applications, for example machines
subject to radioactivity or machines for aerospace, all other clauses apply insofar as they are compatible.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60027-1, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 1: General
IEC 60027-4, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 4: Rotating electric
machines
IEC 60034-2 (all parts), Rotating electrical machines – Part 2: Standard methods for
determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)
IEC 60034-3, Rotating electrical machines – Part 3: Specific requirements for synchronous
generators driven by steam turbines or combustion gas turbines
IEC 60034-5, Rotating electrical machines – Part 5: Degrees of protection provided by the
integral design of rotating electrical machines (IP code) – Classification
IEC 60034-6, Rotating electrical machines – Part 6: Methods of cooling (IC code)
IEC 60034-8, Rotating electrical machines – Part 8: Terminal markings and direction of
rotation
IEC 60034-12:2016, Rotating electrical machines – Part 12: Starting performance of single-
speed three-phase cage induction motors
IEC 60034-15, Rotating electrical machines – Part 15: Impulse voltage withstand levels of
form-wound stator coils for rotating a.c. machines
IEC 60034-18 (all parts), Rotating electrical machines – Part 18: Functional evaluation of
insulation systems
IEC 60034-18-41, Rotating electrical machines – Part 18-41: Partial discharge free electrical
insulation systems (Type I) used in rotating electrical machines fed from voltage converters –
Qualification and quality control tests
– 10 – IEC 60034-1:2017 IEC 2017
IEC TS 60034-25, Rotating electrical machines – Part 25: AC electrical machines used in
power drive systems – Application guide
IEC 60034-29, Rotating electrical machines – Part 29: Equivalent loading and superposition
techniques – Indirect testing to determine temperature rise
IEC 60034-30-1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 30-1: Efficiency classes of line operated
A.C. motors (IE-code)
IEC 60038, IEC standard voltages
IEC 60050-411:1996, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 411: Rotating
machines
IEC 60060-1, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
IEC 60072 (all parts), Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines
IEC 60085, Electrical insulation – Thermal evaluation and designation
IEC 60204-1, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60204-11, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 11:
Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. and not
exceeding 36 kV
IEC 60335-1:2010, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60445, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification
– Identification of equipment terminals, conductor terminations and conductors
IEC 60664-1, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests
IEC 61148, Terminal markings for valve device stacks and assemblies and for power
conversion equipment
IEC 61293, Marking of electrical equipment with ratings related to electrical supply – Safety
requirements
CISPR 11, Industrial, scientific and medical equipment – Radiofrequency disturbance
characteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
CISPR 14 (all parts), Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances,
electric tools and similar apparatus
CISPR 16 (all parts), Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in IEC 60050-411, some of which
are repeated here for convenience, and the following apply.
NOTE 1 For definitions concerning cooling and coolants, other than those in 3.17 to 3.22, see IEC 60034-6.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the term ‘agreement’ means ‘agreement between the manufacturer
and purchaser’.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
rated value
quantity value assigned, generally by a manufacturer, for a specified operating condition of a
machine
Note 1 to entry: The rated voltage or voltage range is the rated voltage or voltage range between lines at the
terminals.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-23]
3.2
rating
set of rated values and operating conditions
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-24]
3.3
rated output
value of the output included in the rating
3.4
load
all the values of the, in case of a generator, electrical and, in case of a motor, mechanical
quantities that signify the demand made on a rotating machine by an electrical circuit or a
mechanism at a given instant
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-01, modified:modification indicated in italics]
3.5
no-load
state of a machine rotating with zero output power (but under otherwise normal operating
conditions)
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-02, modified: modification indicated in italics]
3.6
full load
load which causes a machine to operate at its rating
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-10]
3.7
full load value
quantity value for a machine operating at full load
Note 1 to entry: This concept applies to power, torque, current, speed, etc.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-11]
– 12 – IEC 60034-1:2017 IEC 2017
3.8
de-energized and rest
complete absence of all movement and of all electrical supply or mechanical drive
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-03]
3.9
duty
statement of the load(s) to which the machine is subjected, including, if applicable, starting,
electric braking, no-load and rest and de-energized periods, and including their durations and
sequence in time
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-06]
3.10
duty type
continuous, short-time or periodic duty, comprising one or more loads remaining constant for
the duration specified, or a non-periodic duty in which generally load and speed vary within
the permissible operating range
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-13]
3.11
cyclic duration factor
ratio between the period of loading, including starting and electric braking, and the duration of
the duty cycle, expressed as a percentage
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-51-09]
3.12
locked-rotor torque
smallest measured torque the motor develops at its shaft and with the rotor locked, over all its
angular positions, at rated voltage and frequency
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-48-06]
3.13
locked-rotor current
greatest steady-state r.m.s. current taken from the line with the motor held at rest, over all
angular positions of its rotor, at rated voltage and frequency
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-48-16]
3.14
pull-up torque
smallest steady-state asynchronous torque which the motor develops between zero speed
and the speed which corresponds to the breakdown torque, when the motor is supplied at the
rated voltage and frequency
Note 1 to entry: This definition does not apply to those asynchronous motors of which the torque continually
decreases with increase in speed.
Note 2 to entry: In addition to the steady-state asynchronous torques, harmonic synchronous torques, which are a
function of rotor load angle, will be present at specific speeds.
At such speeds, the accelerating torque may be negative for some rotor load angles.
Experience and calculation show this to be an unstable operating condition and therefore harmonic synchronous
torques do not prevent motor acceleration and are excluded from this definition.
3.15
breakdown torque
maximum steady-state asynchronous torque which the motor develops without an abrupt drop
in speed, when the motor is supplied at the rated voltage and frequency
Note 1 to entry: This definition does not apply to motors with torques that continually decrease with increase in
speed.
3.16
pull-out torque
maximum torque which the synchronous motor develops at synchronous speed with rated
voltage, frequency and field current
3.17
cooling
procedure by means of which heat resulting from losses occurring in a machine is given up to
a primary coolant, which may be continuously replaced or may itself be cooled by a secondary
coolant in a heat exchanger
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:1996, 411-44-01]
3.18
coolant
medium, liquid or gas, by means of which heat is transferred
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-411:199
...
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