IEC 61243-3:2014
(Main)Live working - Voltage detectors - Part 3: Two-pole low-voltage type
Live working - Voltage detectors - Part 3: Two-pole low-voltage type
IEC 61243-3:2014 is applicable to hand-held two-pole voltage detectors with their accessories (crocodile clips and detachable leads) to be used in contact with parts of electrical systems for a.c. voltages not exceeding 1 000 V at nominal frequencies between 16 2/3 Hz and up to 500 Hz, and/or for d.c. voltages not exceeding 1 500 V. Contact electrode extensions are not covered by this standard. Voltage detectors covered by this standard are intended to be used under dry and humid conditions, both indoor and outdoor. They are not intended to be used under rain conditions. Voltage detectors covered by this standard are not intended to be used for continuous operation. Voltage detectors covered by this standard are intended to be used up to 2 000 m above sea level. This standard also includes provisions for the following supplementary functions when available:
- phase indication;
- rotating field indication;
- and continuity check. Other supplementary functions are not covered by this standard. Voltage detectors covered by this standard are not considered as measuring devices. Relevant safety requirements for measuring devices are included in IEC 61010 series. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2009. It is a technical revision which includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- requirement and test to manage interference voltages at power frequencies;
- and informative annex on voltage detectors and the presence of interference voltages.
The contents of the corrigendum of January 2015 and May 2015 have been included in this copy.
Travaux sous tension - Détecteurs de tension - Partie 3: Type bipolaire basse tension
L'IEC 61243-3:2014 concerne les détecteurs de tension portatifs bipolaires ainsi que leurs accessoires (les pinces crocodiles et les cordons détachables) pour un usage au contact avec des pièces d'installations électriques à des tensions alternatives n'excédant pas 1 000 V à des fréquences nominales comprises entre 16 2/3 Hz et 500 Hz, et/ou à des tensions continues n'excédant pas 1 500 V. Les rallonges d'électrode de contact ne sont pas couvertes par la présente norme. Les détecteurs de tension couverts par la présente norme sont prévus pour une utilisation sous des conditions sèches et humides, à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur. Ils ne sont pas prévus pour une utilisation en conditions de pluie. Les détecteurs de tension couverts par la présente norme ne sont pas prévus pour un fonctionnement en continu. Les détecteurs de tension couverts par la présente norme sont prévus pour une utilisation à une altitude allant jusqu'à 2 000 m au-dessus du niveau de la mer. La présente norme inclut aussi des dispositions pour les fonctions supplémentaires suivantes, lorsqu'elles existent:
- l'indication de phase;
- l'indication de la rotation de phase;
- et le contrôle de continuité. Les autres fonctions supplémentaires ne sont pas couvertes par la présente norme. Les détecteurs de tension couverts par la présente norme ne sont pas considérés comme des instruments de mesure. Les exigences de sécurité relatives aux instruments de mesure sont incluses dans la série de normes IEC 61010. Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition publiée en 2009. Elle constitue une révision technique qui inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
- exigence et essai pour la gestion des tensions perturbatrices aux fréquences industrielles;
- et l'annexe informative sur les détecteurs de tension et présence de tension perturbatrices.
Le contenu des corrigendas de janvier 2015 et mai 2015 a été pris en considération dans cet exemplaire.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 61243-3 ®
Edition 3.0 2014-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Live working – Voltage detectors –
Part 3: Two-pole low-voltage type
Travaux sous tension – Détecteurs de tension –
Partie 3: Type bipolaire basse tension
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IEC 61243-3 ®
Edition 3.0 2014-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Live working – Voltage detectors –
Part 3: Two-pole low-voltage type
Travaux sous tension – Détecteurs de tension –
Partie 3: Type bipolaire basse tension
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XC
ICS 13.260, 29.240.20, 29.260.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-1882-2
– 2 – IEC 61243-3:2014 IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD. 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 Requirements . 14
4.1 General requirements . 14
4.1.1 Safety . 14
4.1.2 Indication . 15
4.1.3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 15
4.2 Functional requirements . 15
4.2.1 Clear indication . 15
4.2.2 Clear perceptibility . 16
4.2.3 Temperature and humidity dependence of the indication . 17
4.2.4 Frequency dependency for a.c. voltage detector . 17
4.2.5 Ripple dependency for d.c. voltage detector . 17
4.2.6 Response time . 17
4.2.7 Power source dependability . 17
4.2.8 Testing element . 18
4.2.9 Time rating . 18
4.3 Electrical requirements . 18
4.3.1 Insulating material . 18
4.3.2 Protection against electric shocks . 18
4.3.3 Current limiting elements . 19
4.3.4 Minimum clearance and creepage distances . 19
4.3.5 Protection against electrical stresses . 21
4.3.6 Lead(s) . 21
4.3.7 Probes . 22
4.3.8 Connector(s) (if any) . 22
4.3.9 Accessible switches in the detecting circuit for temporary loading (if
any) . 22
4.4 Mechanical requirements . 22
4.4.1 Design . 22
4.4.2 Dimensions, construction . 24
4.4.3 Degree of protection provided by enclosures . 24
4.4.4 Resistance to vibration . 24
4.4.5 Drop resistance . 24
4.4.6 Shock resistance. 24
4.4.7 Possible disassembling . 24
4.4.8 Surface temperature . 25
4.4.9 Resistance to heat . 25
4.4.10 Probes . 25
4.4.11 Lead(s) . 25
4.5 Marking . 25
4.5.1 General . 25
4.5.2 Marking on the indicator . 25
4.5.3 Marking on the probe and/or the lead . 26
4.6 Instructions for use . 26
4.7 Requirements in case of reasonably foreseeable misuse during live working . 27
4.7.1 AC/DC voltage misuse . 27
4.7.2 Maximum current to earth in case of misuse . 27
4.7.3 Misuse in case of mistaking of the voltage of the low voltage network . 28
5 Tests . 28
5.1 General . 28
5.2 Tests for general requirements . 29
5.2.1 Indication . 29
5.2.2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 29
5.3 Tests for functional requirements . 30
5.3.1 Clear indication . 30
5.3.2 Clear perceptibility of visual indication . 33
5.3.3 Clear perceptibility of audible indication (when available) . 35
5.3.4 Temperature and humidity dependence of the indication . 37
5.3.5 Frequency dependency for a.c. voltage detector . 38
5.3.6 Ripple dependency for d.c. voltage detector . 39
5.3.7 Response time . 39
5.3.8 Power source dependability . 40
5.3.9 Testing element . 40
5.3.10 Time rating . 40
5.4 Tests for electrical requirements . 41
5.4.1 Tests on the insulation . 41
5.4.2 Protection against electric shocks . 42
5.4.3 Current limiting elements . 43
5.4.4 Minimum clearance and creepage distances . 43
5.4.5 Protection against electrical stresses . 43
5.4.6 Lead(s) . 44
5.4.7 Probe(s) . 44
5.4.8 Connector(s) . 44
5.4.9 Switches for temporary loading (if any) . 44
5.5 Tests for mechanical requirements . 45
5.5.1 Design . 45
5.5.2 Dimensions, construction . 45
5.5.3 Degree of protection provided by enclosures . 45
5.5.4 Vibration resistance . 45
5.5.5 Drop resistance . 46
5.5.6 Shock resistance. 47
5.5.7 Possible disassembling . 47
5.5.8 Surface temperature . 47
5.5.9 Heat resistance . 48
5.5.10 Probes . 48
5.5.11 Lead(s) . 50
5.6 Marking . 51
5.6.1 Visual inspection and measurement . 51
5.6.2 Durability of marking . 51
5.7 Instructions for use . 52
5.7.1 Type test . 52
– 4 – IEC 61243-3:2014 IEC 2014
5.7.2 Alternative test in case of voltage detectors having completed the
production phase . 52
5.8 Tests for reasonably foreseeable misuse during live working . 52
5.8.1 AC/DC voltage misuse . 52
5.8.2 Maximum current to earth in case of misuse . 52
5.8.3 Misuse in case of mistaking of the voltage of the low voltage network . 53
6 Conformity testing . 53
7 Modifications . 53
Annex A (informative) Differences with IEC 61010 series . 54
A.1 Existing requirements and tests but with different sanctions or pass test
criteria . 54
A.2 List of requirements of IEC 61010 series not included in this standard, with
rationale . 56
A.3 Additional requirements of this standard, related to safety and functional
safety of voltage detectors, with rationale . 57
Annex B (normative) Supplementary functions: Phase indication – Rotating field
indication – Continuity check . 59
B.1 Terms and definitions . 59
B.2 General requirements for the supplementary functions . 59
B.2.1 Safety and performance of the voltage detector . 59
B.2.2 Indication . 59
B.2.3 Indication only in contact with bare part . 59
B.2.4 Temperature rise. 59
B.2.5 Instructions for use . 59
B.3 General tests for the supplementary functions . 60
B.3.1 Safety and performance of the voltage detector . 60
B.3.2 Indication . 60
B.3.3 Indication only in contact with bare part . 60
B.3.4 Temperature rise test . 60
B.3.5 Instructions for use . 60
B.4 Phase indication with or without the use of accessible electrode . 61
B.4.1 General . 61
B.4.2 Additional requirements . 61
B.4.3 Additional tests . 61
B.5 Rotating field indication . 62
B.5.1 Additional requirements . 62
B.5.2 Additional tests . 62
B.6 Continuity check. 63
B.6.1 Additional requirements . 63
B.6.2 Additional tests . 63
B.7 Classification of defects and associated requirements and tests . 64
Annex C (normative) Instructions for use . 65
C.1 General . 65
C.2 Safety advices . 66
Annex D (normative) General type test procedure . 67
Annex E (normative) Classification of defects and associated requirements and tests . 69
Annex F (informative) In-service care and use . 71
F.1 Use and storage . 71
F.2 Inspection before use . 71
F.3 Maintenance . 71
F.3.1 Regular maintenance . 71
F.3.2 Periodic maintenance . 72
F.3.3 Periodic testing . 72
Annex G (informative) Voltage detectors and the presence of interference voltages . 73
G.1 General . 73
G.2 Voltage detectors with the capability of suppressing or reducing significantly
the level of interference voltages – relatively low internal impedance (<
100 kΩ) . 73
G.3 Voltage detectors with the capability of discriminating an operating voltage
from an interference voltage . 73
G.4 Voltage detectors with no capability of suppressing or reducing significantly
the level of interference voltages – relatively high internal impedance (> 100
kΩ) . 74
Bibliography . 75
Figure 1 – Illustration of the electrical insulation features applicable to components of
a voltage detector . 20
Figure 2 – Voltage detector . 23
Figure 3 – Maximum rms a.c. current to earth in case of misuse . 27
Figure 4 – Maximum d.c. current to earth in case of misuse . 28
Figure 5 – Test set-up for the performance of a voltage detector claiming to be able to
distinguish an operating voltage from an interference voltage . 32
Figure 6 – Test set-up for measurement of clear perceptibility of visual indication . 34
Figure 7 – Test set-up for measurement of clear perceptibility of audible indication . 36
Figure 8 – Test set-up for close adhesion of insulation of the insulated part of the
contact electrode . 49
Table 1 – Climatic categories of voltage detectors . 17
Table 2 – Minimum clearance distances for basic insulation and for supplementary
insulation . 20
Table 3 – Minimum clearance distances for reinforced insulation . 21
Table 4 – Parameters to be observed to check the climatic dependence . 37
Table 5 – AC voltage values for test on the complete equipment . 42
Table 6 – Maximum permissible surface temperatures . 48
Table B.1 – Classification of defects and associated requirements and tests . 64
Table D.1 – Sequential order for performing type tests . 67
Table D.2 – Type tests out of sequence . 68
Table E.1 – Classification of defects and associated requirements and tests . 69
Table F.1 – Periodic testing . 72
– 6 – IEC 61243-3:2014 IEC 2014
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LIVE WORKING –
VOLTAGE DETECTORS –
Part 3: Two-pole low-voltage type
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61243-3 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 78: Live
working.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2009. It is a technical
revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
– requirement and test to manage interference voltages at power frequencies;
– informative annex on voltage detectors and the presence of interference voltages.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
78/1054/FDIS 78/1090/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
Terms defined in Clause 3 are given in italic print throughout this standard.
A list of all parts of the IEC 61243 series can be found, under the general title Live working –
Voltage detectors, on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
The contents of the corrigenda 1 (January 2015) and 2 (May 2015) have been included in
this copy.
IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer.
– 8 – IEC 61243-3:2014 IEC 2014
INTRODUCTION
The devices covered by this standard are designed to be used in a live working environment
to determine the status (presence or absence of operating voltage) of low-voltage
installations.
The live working environment comes with its specific hazards and working conditions, which
are generally more severe than the ones encountered by workers in other fields than live
working.
This International Standard is a product standard giving essential requirements and tests to
verify that the devices perform well and will contribute to the safety of the users, provided
they are used by skilled persons, and according to safe working procedures and to local or
national regulations.
Voltage detectors are not considered as measuring or testing devices, separately covered by
IEC 61010 series. However, in case of misuse by general electrical workers, the requirements
and tests included in this document are intended to achieve an equivalent level of safety.
To take into consideration the specific needs of a live working environment, the following
differences exist with IEC 61010 series:
– some requirements and tests exist in both standards but with different sanctions or pass
test criteria (see A.1);
– some requirements of IEC 61010 are not included in this standard (see A.2, with
rationale);
– some additional requirements of this standard are not specified in IEC 61010 with the
rationale (see A.3).
This International Standard has been prepared according to the requirements of IEC 61477,
where applicable.
The product covered by this standard may have an impact on the environment during some or
all stages of its life cycle. These impacts can range from slight to significant, be of short-term
or long-term effect, and occur at the global, regional or local level.
This standard does not include requirements and test provisions for the manufacturers of the
product, or recommendations to the users of the product for environmental improvement.
However, all parties intervening in its design, manufacture, packaging, distribution, use,
maintenance, repair, reuse, recovery and disposal are invited to take account of
environmental considerations.
LIVE WORKING –
VOLTAGE DETECTORS –
Part 3: Two-pole low-voltage type
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61243 is applicable to hand-held two-pole voltage detectors with their
accessories (crocodile clips and detachable leads) to be used in contact with parts of
electrical systems:
– for a.c. voltages not exceeding 1 000 V at nominal frequencies between 16 2 3 Hz and up
to 500 Hz,
and/or
– for d.c. voltages not exceeding 1 500 V.
NOTE The a.c. voltages defined in this standard refer either to phase-to-phase voltages or phase to neutral
voltages.
Contact electrode extensions are not covered by this standard.
Voltage detectors covered by this standard are intended to be used under dry and humid
conditions, both indoor and outdoor. They are not intended to be used under rain conditions.
Voltage detectors covered by this standard are not intended to be used for continuous
operation.
Voltage detectors covered by this standard are intended to be used up to 2 000 m above sea
level.
This standard also includes provisions for the following supplementary functions when
available (see Annex B):
– phase indication,
– rotating field indication, and
– continuity check.
Other supplementary functions are not covered by this standard.
Voltage detectors covered by this standard are not considered as measuring devices.
Relevant safety requirements for measuring devices are included in IEC 61010 series.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing – Part 2-6: Tests – Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
– 10 – IEC 61243-3:2014 IEC 2014
IEC 60068-2-31, Environmental testing – Part 2-31: Tests – Test Ec: Rough handling shocks,
primarily for equipment-type specimens
IEC 60068-2-75:1997, Environmental testing – Part 2-75: Tests – Test Eh: Hammer tests
IEC 60112, Method for the determination of the proof and the comparative tracking indices of
solid insulating materials
IEC 60304, Standard colours for insulation for low-frequency cables and wires
IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment. Available from: http://www.graphical-
symbols.info/equipment
IEC TS 60479-1:2005, Effects of current on human beings and livestock – Part 1: General
aspects
IEC 60529:1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60529:1989/AMD1:1999
IEC 60529:1989/AMD2:2013
IEC 60664-1:2007, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests
IEC 60664-3, Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 3: Use
of coating, potting or moulding for protection against pollution
IEC 60695-10-2:2003, Fire hazard testing – Part 10-2: Abnormal heat – Ball pressure test
method
IEC 60942, Electroacoustics – Sound calibrators
IEC 61010-031:2002, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control
and laboratory use – Part 031: Safety requirements for hand-held probe assemblies for
electrical measurement and test
IEC 61010-031:2002/AMD1:2008
IEC 61010-1:2001 , Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control,
and laboratory use – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61140:2001, Protection against electric shock – Common aspects for installation and
equipment
Amendment 1:2004
IEC 61180-1, High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage equipment – Part 1: Definitions,
test and procedure requirements
IEC 61180-2, High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage equipment – Part 2: Test
equipment
IEC 61260, Electroacoustics – Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters
_______________
There exists a consolidated edition 2.2 (2013) that includes IEC 60529:1989 and its Amendments 1 and 2.
There exists a consolidated edition 1.1 (2008) that includes IEC 61010-031:2002 and its Amendment 1.
Second edition, replaced by a third edition in 2010.
IEC 61318, Live working – Conformity assessment applicable to tools, devices and equipment
IEC 61326-1:2005, Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use – EMC
requirements – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61477, Live working – Minimum requirements for the utilization of tools, devices and
equipment
IEC 61557-7:2007, Electrical safety in low voltage distribution systems up to 1 000 V a.c. and
1 500 V d.c. – Equipment for testing, measuring or monitoring of protective measures –
Part 7: Phase sequence
IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics – Sound level meters – Part 1: Specifications
ISO 286-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – ISO code system for tolerances on
linear sizes – Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits
ISO 286-2, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) – ISO code system for tolerances on
linear sizes – Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance classes and limit deviations for holes and
shafts
ISO 354, Acoustics – Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room
ISO 3744:1994 , Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using
sound pressure – Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
ISO 3745, Acoustics – Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise
sources using sound pressure – Precision methods for anechoic rooms and hemi-anechoic
rooms
ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment – Registered symbols. Available at:
http://www.graphical-symbols.info/equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 61318 and the
following apply.
3.1
basic insulation
insulation applied to live parts of a voltage detector to provide basic protection against electric
shock
Note 1 to entry: Basic insulation does not necessarily include insulation used exclusively for functional purposes
(see 3.10.1 of IEC 61140:2001).
[SOURCE: IEC 60664-1:2007, 3.17.2 modified – The definition has been modified to fit the
specific context of a voltage detector.]
3.2
clear indication
unambiguous detection and indication of the voltage state between the contact electrodes
_______________
Second edition, replaced by a third edition in 2010.
– 12 – IEC 61243-3:2014 IEC 2014
3.3
clear perceptibility
case where the indication is unmistakably discernible by the user under specific
environmental conditions when the voltage detector is in its operating position
3.4
contact electrode
conductive part of the probe which establishes the electric connection to the part to be
checked
Note 1 to entry: In certain designs, a part of the contact electrode is covered with insulating material.
3.5
extra low voltage
ELV
voltage below 50 V a.c. or 120 V d.c.
3.6
hand-guard
distinctive physical barrier (fixed to or part of the probe) to prevent the fingers or hands of the
operator from inadvertently touching the contact electrode or any energized part
3.7
hazardous live
capable of rendering an electrical shock or electrical burn in normal condition or single fault
condition
3.8
indicating voltage
U
i
approximate value of the operating voltage identified by the voltage detector
Note 1 to entry: The indicating voltage of the voltage detector is the parameter associated with its clear
indication. Certain types of voltage detectors may have several indicating voltages and/or several indicating
voltage ranges. Limit values of a voltage range are named U min. and U max.
i i
3.9
indicator
part of the voltage detector which indicates the presence of the operating voltage between the
contact electrodes
Note 1 to entry: The indicator may provide as well information related to supplementary functions.
3.10
inspection
conformity evaluation by observation and judgement, accompanied as appropriate by
measurement, testing, gauging or calculation
SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, 3.8.2 modified – The definition has been modified to include
calculation.]
3.11
interference voltage
voltage at power frequency picked up inductively or capacitively by the part to be tested
3.12
internal energy source
integrated functional power supply
3.13
lead
flexible cable connecting different components of the voltage detector together
3.14
normal condition
condition in which all means of protection are intact
[SOURCE: IEC Guide 104:2010, 3.7]
3.15
probe
insulated part of a voltage detector intended to be handled by the user to bring its contact
electrode in contact with the component to be checked
Note 1 to entry: The probe may contain the indicator.
Note 2 to entry: The probe does not include a lead. The probe and the lead may be detachable or not.
3.16
protective impedance
component, assembly of components or the combination of basic insulation and a current or
voltage-limiting device, whose impedance, construction and reliability are such that, when
connected between accessible conductive parts which are hazardous when live, it provides
protection to the extent required by this standard in normal condition and single
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